Note 5. Debt

Convertible Notes due 2023

In December 2016, the Company issued at par value $250 million aggregate principal amount of unsecured Convertible Senior Notes due 2023 (the “Convertible Notes”), which included the exercise in full of the $25 million over-allotment option granted to the initial purchasers of the Convertible Notes, in a private offering to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act (the “Note Offering”). Interest is payable semiannually on June 15 and December 15 of each year, beginning on June 15, 2017. The Convertible Notes will mature on December 15, 2023, unless earlier repurchased, redeemed, or converted in accordance with their terms. The Convertible Notes are convertible at the option of the holders, under certain circumstances and during certain periods, into cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination thereof. The net proceeds from the Note Offering were $243.0 million, after deducting fees and estimated expenses payable by the Company. In addition, the Company used approximately $13.5 million of the net proceeds from the issuance of the Convertible Notes to pay the cost of the capped call transactions (“Capped Call Confirmations”) that the Company entered into in connection with the issuance of the Convertible Notes. In accounting for the issuance of the Convertible Notes, the Company separated the Convertible Notes into liability and equity components based on their relative values. The Convertible Notes are initially convertible into approximately 40,849,675 shares of the Company’s common stock under certain circumstances prior to maturity at a conversion rate of 163.3987 shares per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes, which represents a conversion price of approximately $6.12 per share of common stock, subject to adjustment under certain conditions. The last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock was equal to or more than 130% of the conversion price of the Convertible Notes for at least 20 trading days of the 30 consecutive trading days ending on the last day of the second quarter. As a result, the Convertible Notes are currently convertible into the Company’s common stock.

As further described in “—Note 6. Stockholders’ Equity,” on February 15, 2018, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement relating to an underwritten public offering of 19,354,839 shares of the Company’s common stock. Under the terms of the underwriting agreement, the Company granted the underwriters an option, exercisable for 30 days after February 16, 2018, to purchase up to an additional 2,903,225 shares of the Company’s common stock, which was exercised with respect to 885,000 shares of the Company’s common stock.

Subsequent to the underwritten public offering on February 15, 2018, the Company did not have sufficient unissued authorized shares to cover a conversion of the Convertible Notes. As a result, the Company accounted for the portion of the bifurcated conversion feature and of the Capped Call Confirmations that would not be able to be net share settled as a current derivative liability and as a derivative asset, respectively. The fair value of the derivative liability for the conversion feature and derivative asset for the Capped Call Confirmations at February 15, 2018 was determined to be $507.4 million and $13.6 million, respectively, of which the portion that was determined to not be able to be net share settled was recorded with a corresponding impact to additional-paid-in-capital. Subsequent changes to fair value of the derivatives were recorded through earnings on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations resulting in a change in fair value of derivatives for the three months ended March 31, 2018 of $4.9 million. As of March 31, 2018, the Company recorded the fair value of the derivative liability of $80.6 million as a current liability and the fair value of the Capped Call Confirmation of $2.2 million as a current asset within Other Current Assets on the consolidated balance sheets.

The Convertible Notes consist of the following (in thousands):

Liability component	March 31, 2018			December 31, 2017
Principal	$	250,000		$	250,000
Less: debt discount (1)	(79,095		)	(81,566		)
Less: deferred financing(1)	(4,137		)	(4,267		)

Net carrying value of the debt	$	166,768		$	164,167

(1)

Included in the consolidated balance sheets within convertible notes and amortized to interest expense over the remaining life of the convertible notes using the effective interest rate method.

The following table sets forth total interest expense recognized related to the Convertible Notes for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively:

	Three Months ended March 31,
Components (In thousands)	2018		2017
Contractual interest expense	$	1,887	$	1,887
Amortization of debt discount	2,472		2,261
Amortization of deferred financing	129		142

Total	$	4,488	$	4,290