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Debt | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2019
Debt Disclosure [Abstract] |
Debt | Debt Senior Secured Term Loan due 2023 In September 2018, the Company entered into a loan agreement with BioPharma Credit PLC as the lender. The loan agreement provides for a $150 million senior secured term loan ("Senior Secured Term Loan") with an interest rate equal to the 3-month LIBOR plus 7.50% per annum and matures 5 years from the maturity date. The Senior Secured Term Loan will be repaid in four quarterly payments equal to 12.50% thereof starting on the forty-eight month anniversary of the date of the first credit extension with the balance due on the Maturity Date. Interest is payable quarterly in arrears. The Senior Secured Term Loan contains certain customary representations and warranties, affirmative and negative covenants, and events of default applicable to the Company and certain of its subsidiaries, but does not include any financial covenants relating to the achievement or maintenance of revenue or cash flow. If an event of default occurs and is continuing, the lender may declare all amounts outstanding under the Senior Secured Term Loan to be immediately due and payable. The Company received net proceeds of $146.6 million in September 2018, after deducting fees and estimated expenses payable by the Company. Convertible Notes due 2023 In December 2016, the Company issued at par value $250 million aggregate principal amount of Convertible Notes, which included the exercise in full of the $25 million over-allotment option granted to the initial purchasers of the Convertible Notes in a private offering to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act (the "Note Offering"). Interest is payable semiannually on June 15 and December 15 of each year, beginning on June 15, 2017. The Convertible Notes will mature on December 15, 2023, unless earlier repurchased, redeemed, or converted in accordance with their terms. The Convertible Notes are convertible at the option of the Holders, under certain circumstances and during certain periods, into cash, shares of the Company's common stock or a combination thereof. The net proceeds from the Note Offering were $243.0 million, after deducting fees and estimated expenses payable by the Company. In addition, the Company used $13.5 million of the net proceeds from the issuance of the Convertible Notes to pay the cost of the capped call transactions ("Capped Call Confirmations") that the Company entered into in connection with the issuance of the Convertible Notes. In accounting for the issuance of the Convertible Notes, the Company separated the Convertible Notes into liability and equity components based on their relative values. The Convertible Notes were initially convertible into 40.8 million shares of the Company's common stock under certain circumstances prior to maturity at a conversion rate of 163.3987 shares per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes, which represents a conversion price of $6.12 per share of the Company's common stock, subject to adjustment under certain conditions. On February 15, 2018, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement relating to an underwritten public offering of 19.4 million shares of the Company's common stock. Under the terms of the underwriting agreement, the Company granted the underwriters an option, exercisable for 30 days after February 16, 2018, to purchase up to an additional 2.9 million shares of the Company's common stock, which was exercised with respect to 885,000 shares of the Company's common stock. Subsequent to the underwritten public offering on February 15, 2018, the Company did not have sufficient unissued authorized shares to cover a conversion of the Convertible Notes. As a result, the Company accounted for the portion of the bifurcated conversion feature and of the Capped Call Confirmations that would not be able to be net share settled as a current derivative liability and as a derivative asset, respectively. The fair value of the derivative liability for the conversion feature and derivative asset for the Capped Call Confirmations at February 15, 2018 was determined to be $507.4 million and $13.6 million, respectively, of which the portion that was determined to not be able to be net share settled was recorded with a corresponding impact to additional-paid-in-capital. Subsequent changes to fair value of the derivatives were recorded in the second quarter of 2018 through earnings on the Consolidated Statements of Operations resulting in a change in fair value of derivatives for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 of $(2.7) million. Following the approval by the stockholders of the Company on June 7, 2018, to increase the authorized shares of common stock to 500,000,000, the Company has sufficient unissued authorized shares to cover a conversion of the Convertible Notes. As a result, the derivative liability and derivative asset were reclassified into additional-paid-in-capital. The fair value of the derivative liability for the conversion feature and derivative asset for the Capped Call Confirmations at June 7, 2018 was determined to be $88.3 million and $2.4 million, respectively. During the first and second quarter of 2019, the Company entered into separate, privately negotiated Exchange Agreements with the Holders of the Convertible Notes. Under the terms of the Exchange Agreements, the Holders agreed to exchange an aggregate principal amount of $247.2 million of Convertible Notes held by them in exchange for an aggregate of approximately 44.0 million shares of Company common stock, par value $0.01 per share. In addition, pursuant to the Exchange Agreements, the Company made aggregate cash payments of $1.3 million to the Holders to satisfy accrued and unpaid interest to the closing date of the transactions, along with cash in lieu of fractional shares. These transactions resulted in $215.0 million in additional paid-in-capital and common stock of $0.4 million on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2019. Additionally, the Company recognized a net loss on the exchange of debt of $40.6 million on the Consolidated Statements of Operations during the nine months ended September 30, 2019. During the three months ended September 30, 2019, there were no additional debt conversion transactions. The last reported sale price of the Company's common stock was equal to or more than 130% of the conversion price of the Convertible Notes for at least 20 trading days of the 30 consecutive trading days ending on the last day of the third quarter. As a result, the remaining Convertible Notes are currently convertible into the Company's common stock. During the first and second quarter of 2019, the Company also terminated the Capped Call Confirmations related to the exchange of the Convertible Notes for proceeds of $19.9 million. The Convertible Notes and Senior Secured Term Loan consist of the following:
Liability component (in thousands) |  | September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Principal |  | $ | 152,825 |  |  | $ | 400,000 |
Less: debt discount | (1) |  | (3,192 | ) |  | (74,145 | )
Less: deferred financing | (1) |  | (373 | ) |  | (4,115 | )
Net carrying value of the debt |  | $ | 149,260 |  |  | $ | 321,740 |
______________________________________ (1) Included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets within Convertible Notes and Senior Secured Term Loan and amortized to interest expense over the remaining life of the Convertible Notes and Senior Secured Term Loan using the effective interest rate method. The following table sets forth total interest expense recognized related to the Convertible Notes and Senior Secured Term Loan for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively:
|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
Interest component (in thousands) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Contractual interest expense |  | $ | 3,820 |  |  | $ | 1,969 |  |  | $ | 12,779 |  |  | $ | 5,744 |
Amortization of debt discount |  | 182 |  |  | 2,609 |  |  | 2,164 |  |  | 7,620 |
Amortization of deferred financing |  | 23 |  |  | 137 |  |  | 145 |  |  | 399 |
Total |  | $ | 4,025 |  |  | $ | 4,715 |  |  | $ | 15,088 |  |  | $ | 13,763 |

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- Definition The entire disclosure for information about short-term and long-term debt arrangements, which includes amounts of borrowings under each line of credit, note payable, commercial paper issue, bonds indenture, debenture issue, own-share lending arrangements and any other contractual agreement to repay funds, and about the underlying arrangements, rationale for a classification as long-term, including repayment terms, interest rates, collateral provided, restrictions on use of assets and activities, whether or not in compliance with debt covenants, and other matters important to users of the financial statements, such as the effects of refinancing and noncompliance with debt covenants. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 470 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2208564 + Details
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