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Revenue Recognition (Tables) | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2020
Revenue From Contract With Customer [Abstract] |
Summary of Disaggregation of Revenue by Major Source | The following tables disaggregate our revenue by major source for the quarters and years to date ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 (dollars in thousands):
|  | For the Quarter Ended September 30, 2020 |  |  | For the Quarter Ended September 30, 2019 |
|  | CTU |  |  | AIU (3) |  |  | Corporate and Other(4) |  |  | Total |  |  | CTU |  |  | AIU |  |  | Corporate and Other(4) |  |  | Total |
Tuition |  | $ | 93,071 |  |  | $ | 67,394 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 160,465 |  |  | $ | 90,256 |  |  | $ | 56,383 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 146,639 |
Technology fees |  |  | 5,085 |  |  |  | 2,439 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 7,524 |  |  |  | 4,789 |  |  |  | 2,360 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 7,149 |
Other miscellaneous fees(1) |  |  | 290 |  |  |  | 192 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 482 |  |  |  | 384 |  |  |  | 119 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 503 |
Total tuition and fees |  |  | 98,446 |  |  |  | 70,025 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 168,471 |  |  |  | 95,429 |  |  |  | 58,862 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 154,291 |
Other revenue(2) |  |  | 539 |  |  |  | 23 |  |  |  | 93 |  |  |  | 655 |  |  |  | 609 |  |  |  | 45 |  |  |  | 14 |  |  |  | 668 |
Total revenue |  | $ | 98,985 |  |  | $ | 70,048 |  |  | $ | 93 |  |  | $ | 169,126 |  |  | $ | 96,038 |  |  | $ | 58,907 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 154,959 |
|  | For the Year to Date Ended September 30, 2020 |  |  | For the Year to Date Ended September 30, 2019 |
|  | CTU |  |  | AIU (3) |  |  | Corporate and Other(4) |  |  | Total |  |  | CTU |  |  | AIU |  |  | Corporate and Other(4) |  |  | Total |
Tuition |  | $ | 284,826 |  |  | $ | 204,943 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 489,769 |  |  | $ | 273,777 |  |  | $ | 171,954 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 445,731 |
Technology fees |  |  | 15,367 |  |  |  | 7,729 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 23,096 |  |  |  | 12,828 |  |  |  | 7,129 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 19,957 |
Other miscellaneous fees(1) |  |  | 985 |  |  |  | 514 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,499 |  |  |  | 1,271 |  |  |  | 339 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,610 |
Total tuition and fees |  |  | 301,178 |  |  |  | 213,186 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 514,364 |  |  |  | 287,876 |  |  |  | 179,422 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 467,298 |
Other revenue(2) |  |  | 1,588 |  |  |  | 93 |  |  |  | 110 |  |  |  | 1,791 |  |  |  | 1,774 |  |  |  | 137 |  |  |  | 44 |  |  |  | 1,955 |
Total revenue |  | $ | 302,766 |  |  | $ | 213,279 |  |  | $ | 110 |  |  | $ | 516,155 |  |  | $ | 289,650 |  |  | $ | 179,559 |  |  | $ | 44 |  |  | $ | 469,253 |
__________________
| (1) | Other miscellaneous fees include student activity fees and graduation fees.
| (2) | Other revenue primarily includes contract training revenue and bookstore sales.
(3) AIU includes revenue related to the Trident acquisition commencing on the March 2, 2020 date of acquisition.
| (4) | Revenue recorded within Corporate and Other relates to certain bookstore sales and closed campuses which are now reported within this category as well as revenue not related to campus operations.
Summary of Contract Assets Offset with Deferred Revenue Balances | The amount of contract assets which are being offset with deferred revenue balances as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were as follows (dollars in thousands):
|  | As of |
|  | September 30, 2020 |  |  | December 31, 2019 |
Gross deferred revenue |  | $ | 55,056 |  |  | $ | 63,204 |
Gross contract assets |  |  | (25,753 | ) |  |  | (38,557 | )
Deferred revenue, net |  | $ | 29,303 |  |  | $ | 24,647 |
Changes in Deferred Revenue Balances | Changes in our deferred revenue balances for the quarters and years to date ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 were as follows (dollars in thousands):
|  | For the Quarter Ended |  |  | For the Quarter Ended |
|  | September 30, 2020 |  |  | September 30, 2019 |
|  | CTU |  |  | AIU |  |  | Total |  |  | CTU |  |  | AIU |  |  | Total |
Gross deferred revenue, July 1 |  | $ | 28,092 |  |  | $ | 39,725 |  |  | $ | 67,817 |  |  | $ | 25,825 |  |  | $ | 19,976 |  |  | $ | 45,801 |
Revenue earned from prior balances |  |  | (25,035 | ) |  |  | (31,236 | ) |  |  | (56,271 | ) |  |  | (23,375 | ) |  |  | (16,970 | ) |  |  | (40,345 | )
Billings during period(1) |  |  | 99,219 |  |  |  | 57,598 |  |  |  | 156,817 |  |  |  | 96,863 |  |  |  | 47,310 |  |  |  | 144,173 |
Revenue earned for new billings during the period |  |  | (73,411 | ) |  |  | (38,789 | ) |  |  | (112,200 | ) |  |  | (72,054 | ) |  |  | (41,892 | ) |  |  | (113,946 | )
Other adjustments |  |  | (777 | ) |  |  | (330 | ) |  |  | (1,107 | ) |  |  | (146 | ) |  |  | 74 |  |  |  | (72 | )
Gross deferred revenue, September 30 |  | $ | 28,088 |  |  | $ | 26,968 |  |  | $ | 55,056 |  |  | $ | 27,113 |  |  | $ | 8,498 |  |  | $ | 35,611 |
|  | For the Year to Date Ended |  |  | For the Year to Date Ended |
|  | September 30, 2020 |  |  | September 30, 2019 |
|  | CTU |  |  | AIU |  |  | Total |  |  | CTU |  |  | AIU |  |  | Total |
Gross deferred revenue, January 1 |  | $ | 27,845 |  |  | $ | 35,359 |  |  | $ | 63,204 |  |  | $ | 24,250 |  |  | $ | 27,444 |  |  | $ | 51,694 |
Business acquisition, beginning balance |  |  | - |  |  |  | 13,395 |  |  |  | 13,395 |  |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Revenue earned from prior balances |  |  | (24,376 | ) |  |  | (38,904 | ) |  |  | (63,280 | ) |  |  | (22,289 | ) |  |  | (21,779 | ) |  |  | (44,068 | )
Billings during period(1) |  |  | 301,727 |  |  |  | 190,589 |  |  |  | 492,316 |  |  |  | 289,803 |  |  |  | 159,711 |  |  |  | 449,514 |
Revenue earned for new billings during the period |  |  | (276,802 | ) |  |  | (174,282 | ) |  |  | (451,084 | ) |  |  | (265,587 | ) |  |  | (157,643 | ) |  |  | (423,230 | )
Other adjustments |  |  | (306 | ) |  |  | 811 |  |  |  | 505 |  |  |  | 936 |  |  |  | 765 |  |  |  | 1,701 |
Gross deferred revenue, September 30 |  | $ | 28,088 |  |  | $ | 26,968 |  |  | $ | 55,056 |  |  | $ | 27,113 |  |  | $ | 8,498 |  |  | $ | 35,611 |
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| 1) | Billings during period includes adjustments for prior billings.

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