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Revenue Recognition (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2020
Revenue From Contract With Customer [Abstract] |
Summary of Disaggregation of Revenue by Major Source | The following tables disaggregate our revenue by major source for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 (dollars in thousands):
|  |  | For the Year Ended December 31, 2020 |
|  |  | CTU |  |  | AIU (3) |  |  | Corporate and Other (4) |  |  | Total |
Tuition |  |  | $ | 381,371 |  |  | $ | 270,430 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 651,801 |
Technology fees |  |  |  | 20,687 |  |  |  | 10,122 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 30,809 |
Other miscellaneous fees(1) |  |  |  | 1,283 |  |  |  | 686 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,969 |
Total tuition and fees |  |  |  | 403,341 |  |  |  | 281,238 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 684,579 |
Other revenue(2) |  |  |  | 2,166 |  |  |  | 123 |  |  |  | 446 |  |  |  | 2,735 |
Total revenue |  |  | $ | 405,507 |  |  | $ | 281,361 |  |  | $ | 446 |  |  | $ | 687,314 |
|  |  | For the Year Ended December 31, 2019 |
|  |  | CTU |  |  | AIU |  |  | Corporate and Other (4) |  |  | Total |
Tuition |  |  | $ | 370,318 |  |  | $ | 225,364 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 595,682 |
Technology fees |  |  |  | 17,844 |  |  |  | 9,412 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 27,256 |
Other miscellaneous fees(1) |  |  |  | 1,690 |  |  |  | 428 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 2,118 |
Total tuition and fees |  |  |  | 389,852 |  |  |  | 235,204 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 625,056 |
Other revenue(2) |  |  |  | 2,411 |  |  |  | 170 |  |  |  | 67 |  |  |  | 2,648 |
Total revenue |  |  | $ | 392,263 |  |  | $ | 235,374 |  |  | $ | 67 |  |  | $ | 627,704 |
|  |  | For the Year Ended December 31, 2018 |
|  |  | CTU |  |  | AIU |  |  | Corporate and Other (4) |  |  | Total |
Tuition |  |  | $ | 359,929 |  |  | $ | 196,712 |  |  | $ | 550 |  |  | $ | 557,191 |
Technology fees |  |  |  | 11,560 |  |  |  | 7,590 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 19,150 |
Other miscellaneous fees(1) |  |  |  | 1,769 |  |  |  | 416 |  |  |  | 19 |  |  |  | 2,204 |
Total tuition and fees |  |  |  | 373,258 |  |  |  | 204,718 |  |  |  | 569 |  |  |  | 578,545 |
Other revenue(2) |  |  |  | 2,512 |  |  |  | 202 |  |  |  | 37 |  |  |  | 2,751 |
Total revenue |  |  | $ | 375,770 |  |  | $ | 204,920 |  |  | $ | 606 |  |  | $ | 581,296 |
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| (1) | Other miscellaneous fees include student activity fees and graduation fees.
| (2) | Other revenue primarily includes contract training revenue and bookstore sales.
(3) AIU includes revenue related to the Trident acquisition commencing on the March 2, 2020 date of acquisition.
| (4) | Revenue recorded within Corporate and Other relates to certain bookstore sales and closed campuses which are now reported within this category as well as revenue not related to campus operations.
Summary of Contract Assets Offset with Deferred Revenue Balances | The amount of contract assets which are being offset with deferred revenue balances as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 were as follows (dollars in thousands):
|  | As of December 31, |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Gross deferred revenue |  | $ | 85,402 |  |  | $ | 63,204 |
Gross contract assets |  |  | (50,868 | ) |  |  | (38,557 | )
Deferred revenue, net |  | $ | 34,534 |  |  | $ | 24,647 |
Changes in Deferred Revenue Balances | Changes in our deferred revenue balances for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 were as follows (dollars in thousands):
|  | For the Year Ended December 31, 2020 |
|  | CTU |  |  | AIU |  |  | Total |
Gross deferred revenue, January 1, 2020 |  | $ | 27,845 |  |  | $ | 35,359 |  |  | $ | 63,204 |
Business acquisition, beginning balance |  |  | - |  |  |  | 13,395 |  |  |  | 13,395 |
Revenue earned from prior balances |  |  | (25,179 | ) |  |  | (40,402 | ) |  |  | (65,581 | )
Billings during period (1) |  |  | 404,930 |  |  |  | 289,751 |  |  |  | 694,681 |
Revenue earned for new billings during the period |  |  | (378,161 | ) |  |  | (240,836 | ) |  |  | (618,997 | )
Other adjustments |  |  | (913 | ) |  |  | (387 | ) |  |  | (1,300 | )
Gross deferred revenue, December 31, 2020 |  | $ | 28,522 |  |  | $ | 56,880 |  |  | $ | 85,402 |
|  | For the Year Ended December 31, 2019 |
|  | CTU |  |  | AIU |  |  | Total |
Gross deferred revenue, January 1, 2019 |  | $ | 24,250 |  |  | $ | 27,444 |  |  | $ | 51,694 |
Revenue earned from prior balances |  |  | (22,289 | ) |  |  | (21,824 | ) |  |  | (44,113 | )
Billings during period (1) |  |  | 392,818 |  |  |  | 243,008 |  |  |  | 635,826 |
Revenue earned for new billings during the period |  |  | (367,563 | ) |  |  | (213,380 | ) |  |  | (580,943 | )
Other adjustments |  |  | 629 |  |  |  | 111 |  |  |  | 740 |
Gross deferred revenue, December 31, 2019 |  | $ | 27,845 |  |  | $ | 35,359 |  |  | $ | 63,204 |
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| (1) | Billings during period includes adjustments for prior billings.

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