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STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Equity [Abstract]  
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Reverse Stock Split
On April 23, 2024, the Company effected the Reverse Stock Split of its shares of common stock and decreased its authorized number of shares of common stock from 200,000,000 shares to 20,000,000 shares.
All references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to the number of common shares, price per share and weighted average number of shares outstanding have been adjusted to reflect the Reverse Stock Split on a retroactive basis.
Controlled Equity Sales Agreement
In September 2019, the Company began to sell shares of common stock under a controlled equity sales agreement, or the Cantor Sales Agreement, entered into on November 8, 2018 with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co., or Cantor. The Company has not sold any shares of its common stock under the Cantor Sales Agreement since July 2023.
April 2024 Private Placement
On April 23, 2024, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with certain institutional and other accredited investors, pursuant to which the Company issued and sold, in a private placement, or the April 2024 Private Placement, 240,000 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock at a purchase price of $1,000 per share. The closing of the April 2024 Private Placement took place on April 24, 2024, and the Company received total gross proceeds of $240.0 million. The Company received total net proceeds of approximately $239.1 million, after deducting issuance costs payable by the Company.
November 2024 Private Placement
On November 20, 2024, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with certain institutional accredited investors, pursuant to which the Company issued and sold, in a private placement, or the November 2024 Private Placement, (i) an aggregate of 3,892,274 shares of the Company’s common stock at a purchase price of $14.912 per share, and (ii) in lieu of shares of common stock to certain investors, pre-funded warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 3,149,035 shares of common stock at a purchase price of $14.9119 per pre-funded warrant (representing the $14.912 per share purchase price less the exercise price of $0.0001 per pre-funded warrant share). The pre-funded warrants are exercisable at any time after their original issuance and will not expire. The closing of the November 2024 Private Placement took place on November 26, 2024, and the Company received total gross proceeds of $105.0 million. The Company received total net proceeds of approximately $98.2 million, after deducting issuance costs payable by the Company.
Preferred Stock
Under the Company's amended and restated certificate of incorporation, as amended, the Company’s board of directors has the authority, without further action by the stockholders, to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more series, to establish from time to time the number of shares to be included in each such series, to fix the rights, preferences and privileges of the shares of each wholly unissued series and any qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereon and to increase or decrease the number of shares of any such series, but not below the number of shares of such series then outstanding. The Company had 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock authorized at March 31, 2025.
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
In April 2024, the Company designated 240,000 shares of preferred stock as Series A Convertible Preferred Stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share.
On July 18, 2024, the Company’s stockholders approved, for purposes of Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(b), the issuance of up to 16,800,000 shares of common stock upon conversion of 240,000 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock issued in the April 2024 Private Placement.
On July 19, 2024, the Company issued 2,469,250 shares of common stock upon the automatic conversion of 35,275 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, subject to the terms and limitations contained in the Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of the Series A Convertible Voting Preferred Stock, including that shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock shall not be convertible if the conversion would result in a holder beneficially owning more than 9.99% of the Company's outstanding shares of common stock as of the applicable conversion date. After conversion, the converted shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock resumed the status of authorized but unissued shares of preferred stock and are no longer designated as Series A Convertible Preferred Stock. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, shares of preferred stock designated as Series A Convertible Preferred Stock totaled 204,725.
The specific terms of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock are as follows:
Conversion: Each share of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock is convertible at the option of the holder into 70 shares of common stock. Holders are not permitted to convert Series A Convertible Preferred Stock into common stock if, after conversion, the holder, its affiliates, and any other person whose beneficial ownership of common stock would be aggregated with the holder’s for purposes of Section 13(d) or Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, would beneficially own more than 9.99% of the number of shares of common stock outstanding immediately after the conversion.
Dividends: Holders of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock are not entitled to receive any dividends except to the extent that dividends are paid on the Company’s common stock. If dividends are paid on shares of common stock, holders of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock are entitled to participate in such dividends on an as-if-converted basis.
Liquidation: Upon the liquidation, dissolution, or winding up of the Company, each holder of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock will participate pari passu with any distribution of proceeds to holders of Series X Convertible Preferred Stock and common stock.
Voting: Holders of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock are entitled to vote together with the holders of common stock on an as-if-converted basis on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders; provided that holders of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock are not permitted to vote with respect to matters submitted to a vote of stockholders, to the extent that after giving effect to such action, such holder, its affiliates, and any other person whose beneficial ownership of common stock would be aggregated with the holder’s for purposes of Section 13(d) or Section 16 of the Exchange Act, would beneficially own more than 9.99% of the number of shares of common stock outstanding immediately after the action.
The Company evaluated the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock for liability or equity classification under ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, and determined that equity treatment is appropriate as it does not meet the criteria for liability accounting. Additionally, the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock is not redeemable for cash or other assets (i) on a fixed or determinable date, (ii) at the option of the holder, and (iii) upon the occurrence of an event that is not solely within control of the Company. As such, the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock is recorded as permanent equity.
Series X Convertible Preferred Stock
In May 2018, the Company designated 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock as Series X Convertible Preferred Stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share.
In August 2020, at the request of certain holders, 52,241 shares of the Company’s Series X Convertible Preferred Stock were converted to an aggregate of 26,120 shares of the Company’s common stock. In March 2025, at the request of certain holders, 1,129,264 shares of the Company’s Series X Convertible Preferred Stock were converted to an aggregate of 564,632 shares of the Company’s common stock. After conversion, the converted shares of Series X Convertible Preferred Stock resumed the status of authorized but unissued shares of preferred stock and are no longer designated as Series X Convertible Preferred Stock.
As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, shares of preferred stock designated as Series X Convertible Preferred Stock totaled 3,818,495 and 4,947,759, respectively.
The specific terms of the Series X Convertible Preferred Stock are as follows:
Conversion: Each share of Series X Convertible Preferred Stock is convertible at the option of the holder into 0.5 shares of common stock. Holders are not permitted to convert Series X Convertible Preferred Stock into common stock if, after conversion, the holder, its affiliates, and any other person whose beneficial ownership of common stock would be aggregated with the holder’s for purposes of Section 13(d) or Section 16 of the Exchange Act, would beneficially own more than 9.99% of the number of shares of common stock outstanding immediately after the conversion.
Dividends: Holders of Series X Convertible Preferred Stock are not entitled to receive any dividends except to the extent that dividends are paid on the Company’s common stock. If dividends are paid on shares of common stock, holders of Series X Convertible Preferred Stock are entitled to participate in such dividends on an as-converted basis.
Liquidation: Upon the liquidation, dissolution, or winding up of the Company, each holder of Series X Convertible Preferred Stock will participate pari passu with any distribution of proceeds to holders of common stock.
Voting: Shares of Series X Convertible Preferred Stock will generally have no voting rights, except as required by law and except that the consent of the holders of a majority of the outstanding Series X Convertible Preferred Stock will be required to amend the terms of the Series X Convertible Preferred Stock, if such action would adversely alter or change the preferences, rights, privileges or powers of, or restrictions provided for the benefit of the Series X Convertible Preferred Stock, or to increase or decrease (other than by conversion) the number of authorized shares of Series X Convertible Preferred Stock.
The Company evaluated the Series X Convertible Preferred Stock for liability or equity classification under ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, and determined that equity treatment was appropriate because the Series X Convertible Preferred Stock did not meet the definition of liability instruments defined thereunder as convertible instruments. Additionally, the Series X Convertible Preferred Stock is not redeemable for cash or other assets (i) on a fixed or determinable date, (ii) at the option of the holder, and (iii) upon the occurrence of an event that is not solely within control of the Company. As such, the Series X Convertible Preferred Stock is recorded as permanent equity.
Common Stock
On July 18, 2024, the Company’s stockholders approved an amendment to the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, to increase the authorized number of shares of common stock from 20,000,000 shares to 50,000,000 shares, which amendment was filed by the Company with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on July 18, 2024 and was effective as of such date.
The Company had 50,000,000 shares of common stock authorized as of March 31, 2025. Holders of outstanding shares of common stock are entitled to one vote for each share held of record on all matters submitted to a vote of the holders of common stock. Subject to the rights of the holders of any class of the Company’s capital stock having any preference or priority over common stock, the holders of common stock are entitled to receive dividends that are declared by the Company’s board of directors out of legally available funds. In the event of a liquidation, dissolution or winding-up, the holders of common stock are entitled to share ratably in the net assets remaining after payment of liabilities, subject to prior rights of preferred stock, if any, then outstanding. The common stock has no preemptive rights, conversion rights, redemption rights or sinking fund provisions, and there are no dividends in arrears or default. All shares of common stock have equal distribution, liquidation and voting rights, and have no preferences or exchange rights.
Common Stock Warrants
As of March 31, 2025, (i) warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 866 shares of the Company’s common stock were outstanding, each with an exercise price of $230.95 per share and (ii) pre-funded warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 2,491,975 shares of the Company’s common stock were outstanding, each with an exercise price of $0.0001 per share. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, pre-funded warrants to purchase up to 657,060 shares of common stock were cashless exercised resulting in the issuance of 657,052 shares of the Company's common stock and an immaterial cash payment by the Company in lieu of fractional shares.
As of December 31, 2024, (i) warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 866 shares of the Company’s common stock were outstanding, each with an exercise price of $230.95 per share and (ii) pre-funded warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 3,149,035 shares of the Company’s common stock were outstanding, each with an exercise price of $0.0001 per share.
The warrants had no intrinsic value as of March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, and the pre-funded warrants had a total aggregate intrinsic value of $53.7 million and $84.6 million as of March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively. The intrinsic value of a warrant and pre-funded warrant exercisable for common stock is the difference between the market price of the common stock at the measurement date and the exercise price of the warrant.
Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuance
Common stock reserved for future issuance is as follows (in common stock equivalent shares):
March 31,
2025		December 31,
2024
Common stock warrants, including pre-funded warrants2,492,841 3,149,901 
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock14,330,750 14,330,750 
Series X Convertible Preferred Stock487,604 1,052,236 
Common stock options and RSUs issued and outstanding3,151,477 2,481,011 
Authorized for future stock awards660,650 1,021,947 
Awards available under the ESPP88,147 63,631 
Total21,211,469 22,099,476