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LOANS AND LEASES
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2022
Receivables [Abstract]  
LOANS AND LEASES LOANS AND LEASES
First Financial offers clients a variety of commercial and consumer loan and lease products with diverse interest rates and payment terms. Commercial loan categories include C&I, CRE, construction real estate and lease financing. Consumer loan categories include residential real estate, home equity, installment and credit card.

Lending activities are primarily concentrated in states where the Bank operates banking centers (Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky and Illinois). First Financial also has certain lending platforms that extend beyond the geographic banking center footprint to provide financing to franchise owners and clients within the financial services industry as well as equipment lease financing to commercial businesses.

In accordance with the CARES Act and the 2021 Consolidated Appropriations Act, First Financial participated in offering PPP loans to its customers. These loans provide a direct incentive for small businesses to keep their workers on the payroll and to maintain their operations during the COVID-19 pandemic. PPP loans are eligible to be forgiven provided certain conditions are met. As of June 30, 2022, First Financial had $8.5 million in PPP loans, net of unearned fees of $0.4 million. As of December 31, 2021, First Financial had $55.6 million in PPP loans, net of unearned fees of $2.6 million.
Credit Quality. To facilitate the monitoring of credit quality for commercial loans, First Financial utilizes the following categories of credit grades:

Pass - Higher quality loans that do not fit any of the other categories described below.

Special Mention - First Financial assigns a special mention rating to loans and leases with potential weaknesses that deserve management's close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan, lease or First Financial's credit position at some future date.

Substandard - First Financial assigns a substandard rating to loans or leases that are inadequately protected by the current sound financial worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged, if any. Substandard loans and leases have well-defined weaknesses that jeopardize repayment of the debt. Substandard loans and leases are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not addressed.

Doubtful - First Financial assigns a doubtful rating to loans and leases with all the attributes of a substandard rating with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values. The possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of certain important and reasonably specific pending factors that may work to the advantage and strengthening of the credit quality of the loan or lease, its classification as an estimated loss is deferred until its more exact status may be determined. Pending factors include proposed merger, acquisition or liquidation procedures, capital injection, perfecting liens on additional collateral and refinancing plans.

The credit grades previously described are derived from standard regulatory rating definitions and are assigned upon initial approval of credit to borrowers and updated periodically thereafter.

First Financial considers repayment performance to be the best indicator of credit quality for consumer loans. Consumer loans that have principal and interest payments that are past due by 90 days or more are generally classified as nonperforming. Additionally, consumer loans that have been modified in a TDR are classified as nonperforming.
The following table sets forth the Company's loan portfolio at June 30, 2022 by risk attribute and origination date:
(Dollars in thousands)20222021202020192018PriorTerm TotalRevolvingTotal
Commercial & industrial
Pass$325,110 $647,089 $384,291 $281,475 $135,440 $229,061 $2,002,466 $851,946 $2,854,412 
Special mention337 17,943 5,607 14,533 1,855 40,275 9,028 49,303 
Substandard2,681 1,843 352 2,619 975 10,274 18,744 3,085 21,829 
Doubtful1,631 1,631 1,631 
Total$327,791 $649,269 $402,586 $289,701 $150,948 $242,821 $2,063,116 $864,059 $2,927,175 
Lease financing
Pass$20,806 $38,104 $37,910 $21,414 $17,257 $10,812 $146,303 $$146,303 
Special mention001190001190119 
Substandard00018221142170217
Total$20,806 $38,104 $38,029 $21,596 $17,278 $10,826 $146,639 $$146,639 
Construction real estate
Pass$24,761 $206,791 $134,445 $40,933 $398 $12,023 $419,351 $21,379 $440,730 
Special mention9,004 9,004 9,004 
Substandard
Total$24,761 $206,791 $134,445 $40,933 $9,402 $12,023 $428,355 $21,379 $449,734 
Commercial real estate - investor
Pass$207,449 $560,230 $338,559 $798,201 $339,175 $599,050 $2,842,664 $22,842 $2,865,506 
Special mention20,378 21,262 40,144 13,974 95,758 495 96,253 
Substandard35,367 557 30,353 66,283 66,283 
Doubtful2,546 2,546 2,546 
Total$207,449 $560,230 $358,943 $854,830 $382,422 $643,377 $3,007,251 $23,337 $3,030,588 
Commercial real estate - owner
Pass$91,197 $154,858 $174,846 $109,212 $126,449 $268,907 $925,469 $8,493 $933,962 
Special mention5,383 2,239 2,545 3,569 14,784 28,520 28,520 
Substandard59 36 713 11,230 1,929 13,967 13,967 
Total$91,197 $160,300 $177,121 $112,470 $141,248 $285,620 $967,956 $8,493 $976,449 
Residential real estate
Performing$152,348 $271,360 $215,004 $120,384 $55,956 $142,741 $957,793 $$957,793 
Nonperforming715 651 1,671 937 3,620 7,594 7,594 
Total$152,348 $272,075 $215,655 $122,055 $56,893 $146,361 $965,387 $$965,387 
Home equity
Performing$15,282 $36,141 $41,255 $13,100 $9,279 $30,521 $145,578 $576,134 $721,712 
Nonperforming55 180 171 88 490 984 3,004 3,988 
Total$15,282 $36,196 $41,435 $13,271 $9,367 $31,011 $146,562 $579,138 $725,700 
Installment
Performing$34,269 $46,973 $9,625 $5,662 $3,903 $4,406 $104,838 $41,398 $146,236 
Nonperforming62 265 59 10 405 39 444 
Total$34,331 $47,238 $9,684 $5,671 $3,913 $4,406 $105,243 $41,437 $146,680 
Credit cards
Performing$$$$$$$$51,595 $51,595 
Nonperforming470 470 
Total$$$$$$$$52,065 $52,065 
Grand Total$873,965 $1,970,203 $1,377,898 $1,460,527 $771,471 $1,376,445 $7,830,509 $1,589,908 $9,420,417 
The following table sets forth the Company's loan portfolio at December 31, 2021 by risk attribute and origination date:
(Dollars in thousands)20212020201920182017PriorTerm TotalRevolvingTotal
Commercial & industrial
Pass$711,198 $442,064 $339,507 $164,273 $119,580 $154,835 $1,931,457 $700,246 $2,631,703 
Special mention389 4,867 5,993 16,057 6,511 4,918 38,735 21,505 60,240 
Substandard2,220 434 2,843 1,224 12,640 1,465 20,826 7,259 28,085 
Total$713,807 $447,365 $348,343 $181,554 $138,731 $161,218 $1,991,018 $729,010 $2,720,028 
Lease financing
Pass$31,697 $21,536 $19,095 $15,494 $6,821 $4,765 $99,408 $$99,408 
Special mention010,216000010,216010,216 
Substandard000000000
Total$31,697 $31,752 $19,095 $15,494 $6,821 $4,765 $109,624 $$109,624 
Construction real estate
Pass$95,991 $200,421 $96,726 $15,886 $317 $12,719 $422,060 $18,299 $440,359 
Special mention6,531 9,004 15,535 15,535 
Substandard
Total$95,991 $206,952 $96,726 $24,890 $317 $12,719 $437,595 $18,299 $455,894 
Commercial real estate - investor
Pass$537,183 $379,217 $944,915 $367,946 $294,147 $434,641 $2,958,049 $66,579 $3,024,628 
Special mention7,479 18,136 18,006 15,566 34,153 93,340 93,340 
Substandard1,616 21,312 6,628 6,918 307 36,787 36,787 
Total$538,799 $386,702 $984,363 $392,580 $316,631 $469,101 $3,088,176 $66,579 $3,154,755 
Commercial real estate - owner
Pass$204,291 $184,564 $121,150 $135,463 $119,489 $259,504 $1,024,461 $7,565 $1,032,026 
Special mention970 2,283 2,262 3,751 1,381 5,512 16,159 16,159 
Substandard162 727 6,541 12,513 1,730 1,963 23,636 38 23,674 
Doubtful
Total$205,423 $187,574 $129,953 $151,727 $122,600 $266,979 $1,064,256 $7,603 $1,071,859 
Residential real estate
Performing$258,537 $230,699 $138,239 $64,310 $34,606 $162,924 $889,315 $$889,315 
Nonperforming236 970 1,193 598 339 3,418 6,754 6,754 
Total$258,773 $231,669 $139,432 $64,908 $34,945 $166,342 $896,069 $$896,069 
Home equity
Performing$42,298 $45,638 $14,713 $11,221 $7,603 $30,588 $152,061 $553,245 $705,306 
Nonperforming72 161 44 67 56 234 634 2,459 3,093 
Total$42,370 $45,799 $14,757 $11,288 $7,659 $30,822 $152,695 $555,704 $708,399 
Installment
Performing$58,209 $12,768 $8,213 $5,541 $3,925 $2,201 $90,857 $28,353 $119,210 
Nonperforming61 32 56 165 79 244 
Total$58,215 $12,829 $8,245 $5,550 $3,926 $2,257 $91,022 $28,432 $119,454 
Credit cards
Performing$$$$$$$$51,772 $51,772 
Nonperforming445 445 
Total$$$$$$$$52,217 $52,217 
Grand Total$1,945,075 $1,550,642 $1,740,914 $847,991 $631,630 $1,114,203 $7,830,455 $1,457,844 $9,288,299 
Delinquency. Loans are considered past due or delinquent when the contractual principal or interest due in accordance with the terms of the loan agreement remains unpaid after the date of the scheduled payment.

Loan delinquency, including loans classified as nonaccrual, was as follows:
 As of June 30, 2022
(Dollars in thousands)30 – 59
days
past due
60 – 89
days
past due
> 90 days
past due
Total
past
due
CurrentTotal> 90 days
past due
and still
accruing
Loans       
Commercial & industrial$1,550 $27 $3,587 $5,164 $2,922,011 $2,927,175 $
Lease financing146,639 146,639 
Construction real estate449,734 449,734 
Commercial real estate-investor3,103 3,103 3,027,485 3,030,588 
Commercial real estate-owner931 61 992 975,457 976,449 
Residential real estate3,980 1,344 2,269 7,593 957,794 965,387 
Home equity1,783 376 1,828 3,987 721,713 725,700 
Installment97 24 17 138 146,542 146,680 
Credit card357 183 236 776 51,289 52,065 142 
Total$8,698 $1,954 $11,101 $21,753 $9,398,664 $9,420,417 $142 

 As of December 31, 2021
(Dollars in thousands)30 – 59
days
past due
60 – 89
days
past due
> 90 days
past due
Total
past
due
CurrentTotal> 90 days
past due
and still
accruing
Loans       
Commercial & industrial$303 $2,006 $2,775 $5,084 $2,714,944 $2,720,028 $
Lease financing93 93 109,531 109,624 
Construction real estate455,894 455,894 
Commercial real estate-investor89 42 6,409 6,540 3,148,215 3,154,755 
Commercial real estate-owner56 2,207 637 2,900 1,068,959 1,071,859 
Residential real estate4,379 262 2,114 6,755 889,314 896,069 
Home equity1,214 692 1,186 3,092 705,307 708,399 
Installment162 37 45 244 119,210 119,454 
Credit card223 134 137 494 51,723 52,217 137 
Total$6,519 $5,380 $13,303 $25,202 $9,263,097 $9,288,299 $137 

Nonaccrual. Loans are classified as nonaccrual when, in the opinion of management, collection of principal or interest is doubtful or when principal or interest payments are 90 days or more past due. Generally, loans are classified as nonaccrual due to the continued failure to adhere to contractual payment terms by the borrower, coupled with other pertinent factors. When a loan is classified as nonaccrual, the accrual of interest income is discontinued and previously accrued but unpaid interest is reversed. Any payments received while a loan is on nonaccrual status are applied as a reduction to the carrying value of the loan. A loan classified as nonaccrual may return to accrual status if none of the principal and interest is due and unpaid, and the Bank expects repayment of the remaining contractual principal and interest.

Troubled Debt Restructurings. A loan modification is considered a TDR when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and a concession is made by the Company that would not otherwise be considered for a borrower with similar credit characteristics. The most common types of modifications include interest rate reductions, maturity extensions and modifications to principal amortization, including interest-only structures. Modified terms are dependent upon the financial position and needs of the individual borrower. If the modification agreement is violated, the loan is managed by the Company’s credit administration group for resolution, which may result in foreclosure in the case of real estate.

TDRs are generally classified as nonaccrual for a minimum period of six months and may qualify for return to accrual status once they have demonstrated performance with the restructured terms of the loan agreement.
First Financial had 127 TDRs totaling $20.7 million at June 30, 2022, including $11.2 million on accrual status and $9.5 million classified as nonaccrual. First Financial had no commitments outstanding to lend additional funds to borrowers whose loan terms have been modified through TDRs, and the ACL included reserves of $3.5 million related to TDRs at June 30, 2022. Additionally, as of June 30, 2022, $5.2 million of accruing TDRs have been performing in accordance with the restructured terms for more than one year.

First Financial had 150 TDRs totaling $27.6 million at December 31, 2021, including $11.6 million of loans on accrual status and $16.0 million classified as nonaccrual. First Financial had $0.2 million commitments outstanding to lend additional funds to borrowers whose loan terms had been modified through TDRs. At December 31, 2021, the ACL included reserves of $6.3 million related to TDRs, and $5.0 million of the accruing TDRs had been performing in accordance with the restructured terms for more than one year.

The following tables provide information on loan modifications classified as TDRs during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021:
Three months ended
June 30, 2022June 30, 2021
(Dollars in thousands)Number of loansPre-modification loan balancePeriod end balanceNumber of loansPre-modification loan balancePeriod end balance
Commercial & industrial$5,584 $5,584 $1,761 $1,761 
Construction real estate
Commercial real estate
Residential real estate324 317 97 90 
Home equity16 16 
Installment
Total$5,908 $5,901 $1,874 $1,867 
Six months ended
June 30, 2022June 30, 2021
(Dollars in thousands)Number of loansPre-modification loan balancePeriod end balanceNumber of loansPre-modification loan balancePeriod end balance
Commercial & industrial$10,049 $8,825 $4,967 $4,831 
Construction real estate
Commercial real estate387 80 10,015 9,046 
Residential real estate664 643 13 1,120 1,090 
Home equity32 32 30 30 
Installment
Total14 $11,132 $9,580 27 $16,132 $14,997 

For TDRs identified during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, there were $0.8 million and $3.2 million of charge-offs for the portion of TDRs determined to be uncollectible, respectively. For TDRs identified during the three months ended June 30, 2021, there were no charge-offs for the portion of TDRs determined to be uncollectible. For TDRs identified during the six months ended June 30, 2021, there were insignificant charge-offs for the portion of TDRs determined to be uncollectible.
The following table provides information on how TDRs were modified during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021:
Three months endedSix months ended
June 30,June 30,
(Dollars in thousands)2022202120222021
Extended maturities$3,345 $$3,345 $
Adjusted interest rates00
Combination of rate and maturity changes00
Forbearance317843,964 6,247 
Bankruptcies0216,580 
Other (1)
2,2391,7622,271 2,170 
Total$5,901 $1,867 $9,580 $14,997 
(1) Includes covenant modifications and other concessions, or combination of concessions, that do not consist of interest rate adjustments, forbearance, bankruptcy and maturity extensions

First Financial considers repayment performance as an indication of the effectiveness of the Company's loan modifications. Borrowers that are 90 days or more past due on any principal or interest payments, or who prematurely terminate a restructured loan agreement without paying off the contractual principal balance, are considered to be in default of the terms of the TDR agreement.

For each of the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2022 and June 30, 2021, there were no TDR relationships for which there was a payment default during the period that occurred within twelve months of the loan modifications.

As stated in the CARES Act and subsequently modified by the Consolidated Appropriations Act, loan modifications in response to COVID-19 executed on loans that were not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019 and executed between March 1, 2020 and January 1, 2022 are not required to be reported as TDR.

As of June 30, 2022, the Company's loan portfolio included no active loan modifications made under the guidance of the CARES Act that were not classified as TDR. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had $16.5 million of active loan modifications made under the guidance of the CARES Act that were not classified as TDR. These modifications were comprised of two commercial loans making interest-only payments.
Nonperforming loans. Loans classified as nonaccrual and loans modified as TDRs are considered nonperforming. The following table provides information on nonperforming loans:

June 30, 2022December 31, 2021
(Dollars in thousands)Nonaccrual loans with a related ACLNonaccrual loans with no related ACLTotal nonaccrualNonaccrual loans with a related ACLNonaccrual loans with no related ACLTotal nonaccrual
Nonaccrual loans (1)
  
Commercial & industrial$6,292 $5,383 $11,675 $11,077 $6,285 $17,362 
Lease financing217 217 203 203 
Construction real estate
Commercial real estate14,650 14,650 17,716 1,796 19,512 
Residential real estate260 8,619 8,879 8,305 8,305 
Home equity3,331 3,331 2,922 2,922 
Installment170 170 88 88 
Total nonaccrual loans$6,552 $32,370 $38,922 $28,793 $19,599 $48,392 
(1) Nonaccrual loans include nonaccrual TDRs of $9.5 million and $16.0 million as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
Three months endedSix months ended
June 30,June 30,
(Dollars in thousands)2022202120222021
Interest income effect on nonperforming loans 
Gross amount of interest that would have been recorded under original terms$815 $1,591 $1,588 $3,078 
Interest included in income
Nonaccrual loans268 442 558 925 
Troubled debt restructurings111 87 162 173 
Total interest included in income379 529 720 1,098 
Net impact on interest income$436 $1,062 $868 $1,980 

First Financial individually reviews all nonperforming loan relationships greater than $250,000 to determine if an individually evaluated allowance is necessary based on the borrower’s overall financial condition, resources and payment record, support from guarantors and the realizable value of any collateral. Individually evaluated allowances are based on discounted cash flows using the loan's initial effective interest rate or the fair value of the collateral for certain collateral dependent loans.

A loan is considered to be collateral dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and the repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of collateral. The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral dependent loans by class of loan.
June 30, 2022
Type of Collateral
(Dollar in thousands)Business
assets
Commercial real estateEquipmentLandResidential real estateOtherTotal
Class of loan
Commercial & industrial$11,586 $$30 $$$59 $11,675 
Lease financing0217 217 
Commercial real estate-investor03,103 101 3,204 
Commercial real estate-owner05,889 5,468 36 53 11,446 
Residential real estate08,879 8,879 
Home equity00003,331 3,331 
Installment0000170 170 
Total$11,586 $8,992 $5,715 $36 $12,364 $229 $38,922 
December 31, 2021
Type of Collateral
(Dollar in thousands)Business
assets
Commercial real estateEquipmentLandResidential real estateOtherTotal
Class of loan
Commercial & industrial$13,171 $15 $833 $$$3,343 $17,362 
Leasing0203 203 
Commercial real estate-investor06,362 422 6,784 
Commercial real estate-owner06,673 5,937 38 80 12,728 
Residential real estate08,305 8,305 
Home equity00002,922 2,922 
Installment000088 88 
Total$13,171 $13,050 $6,973 $38 $11,729 $3,431 $48,392 
Lease financing - Lessor. First Financial originates both sales-type and direct financing leases, and the Company manages and reviews lease residuals in accordance with its credit policies. Sales-type lease contracts contain the ability to purchase the underlying equipment at lease maturity and profit or loss is recognized at lease commencement.  Direct financing leases are generally three to five years in length and may be extended at maturity, however, early cancellation may result in a fee to the borrower.  For direct financing leases, the net unearned income is deferred and amortized over the life of the lease.

Effective December 31, 2021, First Financial acquired Summit Funding Group, Inc., which is a full-service equipment leasing company. In conjunction with this acquisition, First Financial acquired $41.8 million of financing leases, which were included in Loans and leases on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. For further detail on the acquisition, see Note 18 - Business Combinations.

The components of the Company's net investments in direct financing and sales-type leases, which are included in Lease financing on the Consolidated Balance Sheets are as follows:
(Dollar in thousands)June 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Direct financing leases
Lease receivables$45,308 $49,843 
Unguaranteed residual values16,535 19,714 
Sales-type leases
Lease receivables84,796 40,067 
Unguaranteed residual values
Total net investment in direct financing and sales-type leases$146,639 $109,624 

Interest income for direct financing and sales-type leases was $2.6 million and $0.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and June 30, 2021, respectively. Interest income for direct financing and sales-type leases was $4.9 million and $1.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and June 30, 2021, respectively.

The remaining maturities of lease receivables were as follows:
(Dollars in thousands)Direct financing and Sales-type
Remainder of 2022$18,797 
202331,428 
202429,327 
202516,575 
202618,388 
Thereafter29,300 
Total lease payments143,815 
Less: unearned interest income(13,711)
Net lease receivables$130,104 

OREO. OREO consists of properties acquired by the Company primarily through the loan foreclosure or repossession process, that results in partial or total satisfaction of problem loans.
Changes in OREO were as follows:
Three months endedSix months ended
 June 30,June 30,
(Dollars in thousands)2022202120222021
Balance at beginning of period$72 $854 $98 $1,287 
Additions
Commercial & industrial98 98 
Residential real estate64 136 
Total additions64 98 136 98 
Disposals  
Commercial & industrial(522)(98)(768)
Residential real estate(72)(81)(72)(268)
Total disposals(72)(603)(170)(1,036)
Valuation adjustment  
Commercial & industrial(9)(9)
Residential real estate(42)(42)
Total valuation adjustment(42)(9)(42)(9)
Balance at end of period$22 $340 $22 $340