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Agreements | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2025
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Agreements | 13. Agreements. a. LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR FIRDAPSE®. On October 26, 2012, the Company entered into a license agreement with BioMarin Pharmaceutical, Inc. (BioMarin) for the North American rights to FIRDAPSE®. Under the license agreement, the Company pays: (i) royalties to the licensor for seven years from the first commercial sale of FIRDAPSE® equal to 7% of net sales (as defined in the license agreement) in each country for any calendar year for sales up to $100 million, with the rate increasing to 10% of net sales for any total net sales in excess of $100 million in North America; and (ii) royalties to the third party licensor of the rights sublicensed to the Company for seven years from the approval of the U.S. NDA for FIRDAPSE® at 7% of U.S. net sales (as defined in the license agreement between BioMarin and the third party licensor) in any calendar year and after that 7th anniversary of the U.S. approval, royalties at 3.5% of U.S. net sales in any calendar year until the earlier of the 12th anniversary of the U.S. approval or the entry of a U.S. generic competitor. All royalty obligations to the third party licensor for Ex-U.S. sales have concluded. On May 29, 2019, the Company and BioMarin entered into an amendment to the Company’s license agreement for FIRDAPSE®. Under the amendment, the Company expanded its commercial territory for FIRDAPSE®, which originally was comprised of North America, to include Japan. Additionally, the Company’s commercial territory was further expanded under the license agreement in December 2023 to include most of Asia, as well as Latin America, upon the acceptance by the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) of a Japan MAA for FIRDAPSE® for LEMS. Under the amendment, the Company will pay royalties to its licensor on net sales in Japan of a similar percentage to the royalties that the Company is currently paying under its original license agreement for North America. In January 2020, the Company was advised that BioMarin has transferred substantially all of its rights under the license agreement to SERB S.A. (SERB), and SERB is now the Company’s licensor under the license agreement. b. LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR RUZURGI®. On July 11, 2022 (the Effective Date), the Company entered into an exclusive license agreement with Jacobus, for the rights to develop and commercialize RUZURGI® in the U.S. and Mexico. Pursuant to the terms of the license agreement, the Company paid Jacobus a $10 million up-front payment on the Effective Date, $10 million on the first annual anniversary of the Effective Date (July 11, 2023), and $10 million on the second annual anniversary of the Effective Date (July 11, 2024). The Company is also obligated to pay tiered royalty payments on net sales (as defined in the license agreement) of all of the Company’s amifampridine products in the U.S. that range from 1.25% to 2.5% based on whether there is a competing product or generic version of FIRDAPSE® being marketed or sold in the U.S. A minimum royalty payment exists annually for calendar years from the Effective Date through 2025 of $3 million, provided that such minimum annual royalty payment shall be prorated in the first calendar year of the agreement. As these minimum payments are both probable and estimable, they were included in the purchase price of the agreement and any royalties in excess of this amount are being charged to cost of sales as revenue from product sales is recognized. A minimum royalty payment exists annually for calendar years from 2026 through the expiration of the royalty term (which ends when there is no valid claim under the Company’s FIRDAPSE® patents in the U.S.) of $5 million unless a competing product or generic version of FIRDAPSE® is being marketed or sold in the U.S. If these minimum payments become probable in the future, the Company would recognize a contingent liability at that time with an offset to the value of the intangible asset acquired. Any royalties in excess of this amount will be charged to cost of sales as revenue from product sales is recognized. Royalties over the minimum, if any, will be paid based on the agreement terms on a quarterly basis. Assets acquired as part of the license agreement include among other intellectual property rights, Jacobus’ U.S. patents related to RUZURGI®, its new drug applications in the U.S. for RUZURGI®, its U.S. Trademark for RUZURGI®, the Orphan Drug Designation for RUZURGI® and a license from Jacobus for use of its know-how related to the manufacture of RUZURGI®. 13. Agreements (continued). Under business combination guidance, the screen test states that if substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets, the set is not considered a business and is accounted for as an asset acquisition. The Company has determined that the screen test was not met. However, the Company determined that the acquisition did not meet the definition of a business under ASC 805, Business Combination. The Company believes that the licensing agreement and other assets acquired from Jacobus are similar and considered them all to be intangible assets with the exception of the inventory acquired. As the screen test was not met, further determination was required to determine that the Company had not acquired inputs and processes that have the ability to create outputs, which would meet the requirements of a business, and therefore, determined that this was an asset acquisition. The Company accounted for the Jacobus license agreement as an asset acquisition under ASC 805-50, which requires the acquiring entity in an asset acquisition to recognize assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on the cost to the acquiring entity on a relative fair value basis, which includes consideration given. The total purchase price was allocated to the acquired assets based on their relative fair values, as follows (in thousands):
License and acquired intangibles |  | $ | 33,569 |
Acquired research and development inventory expensed from asset acquisition |  |  | 4,130 |
Total purchase price |  | $ | 37,699 |
The straight-line method is used to amortize the license and acquired intangibles, as disclosed in Note 9 (License and Acquired Intangibles, Net). c. ACQUISITION OF U.S. RIGHTS FOR FYCOMPA®. On January 24, 2023, the Company acquired the U.S. rights for FYCOMPA® CIII a commercial stage epilepsy asset, from Eisai. The aggregate consideration for the acquisition was $164.2 million in cash, including the reimbursement of certain liabilities and the payment of transaction costs. Eisai was eligible to receive a contingent payment of $25 million if a certain regulatory milestone was met. As meeting the regulatory milestone was not probable, the Company did not recognize any amount related to the milestone payments in the purchase price. Additionally, after the loss of patent protection for FYCOMPA®, the Company may be obligated to pay certain royalties to Eisai on net sales of FYCOMPA®. As the transaction is accounted for as an asset acquisition under U.S. GAAP, the Company will recognize the royalty payments in cost of sales as revenue from product sales is recognized. Royalties commencing on loss of patent protection for each calendar year during the royalty term equal to 12% on net sales greater than $10 million and less than $100 million, 17% on net sales of greater than $100 million and less than $125 million and 22% on net sales greater than $125 million prior to the date of generic entry. Royalties equal to 6% on net sales greater than $10 million and less than $100 million, 8.5% on net sales of greater than $100 million and less than $125 million and 11% on net sales greater than $125 million after the date of generic entry. The following table summarizes the aggregate amount paid for the assets acquired by the Company in connection with the acquisition of FYCOMPA® (in thousands):
Base cash payment |  | $ | 160,000 |
Cash paid for pro-rated prepaid expenses |  |  | 1,576 |
Reimbursement on base purchase price(i) |  |  | (3,238 | )
Transaction costs(ii) |  |  | 5,870 |
Total purchase consideration |  | $ | 164,208 |
(i) Recorded in prepaid expenses and other current assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of the acquisition date and reimbursement was fully applied as of June 30, 2023. (ii) As of September 30, 2023, the full $5.9 million was paid in cash. 13. Agreements (continued). The acquisition of FYCOMPA® has been accounted for as an asset acquisition in accordance with FASB ASC 805-50. The Company accounted for the acquisition of FYCOMPA® as an asset acquisition because substantially all of the fair value of the assets acquired is concentrated in a single asset, the FYCOMPA® product rights. The FYCOMPA® product rights consist of certain patents and trademarks, at-market contracts and regulatory approvals, marketing assets, and other records, and are considered a single asset as they are inextricably linked. ASC 805-10-55-5A includes a screen test, which provides that if substantially all of the fair value of the assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets, the assets acquired are not considered to be a business. ASC 805 requires the acquiring entity in an asset acquisition to recognize assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on the cost to the acquiring entity on a relative fair value basis, which includes consideration given. The total purchase price was allocated to the acquired assets based on their relative fair values, as follows (in thousands):
Inventory |  | $ | 4,100 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets (samples) |  |  | 130 |
Prepaid commercialization expenses |  |  | 1,576 |
Property and equipment, net |  |  | 433 |
License and acquired intangibles for FYCOMPA® |  |  | 158,143 |
Accrued preclinical and clinical trial expenses |  |  | (174 | )
Total purchase consideration |  | $ | 164,208 |
The straight-line method is used to amortize the license and acquired intangibles, as disclosed in Note 9 (License and Acquired Intangibles, Net). d. LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR AGAMREE®. In July 2023, the Company completed its acquisition from Santhera of an exclusive license for North America for AGAMREE®, a treatment for patients suffering with DMD which was approved by the FDA on October 26, 2023. On March 13, 2024, the Company announced the U.S. commercial launch of AGAMREE® for the treatment of DMD in patients aged two years or older. The license is for exclusive commercial rights in the U.S., Canada, and Mexico. Additionally, the Company will hold North American rights for any future approved indications of AGAMREE®. The Company made an all-cash initial payment of $75 million at the closing of the acquisition to acquire the license. Under the license agreement, the Company pays: (i) royalties to the licensor until the later of expiration of product exclusivity or ten years from the first commercial sale of AGAMREE® equal to 5% of net sales (as defined in the license agreement) in North America for any calendar year for sales equal to or less than $100 million (prior to December 31, 2025 only), 7% of net sales for sales in excess of $100 million and up to $200 million, 9% of net sales for sales in excess of $200 million and up to $300 million, 11% of net sales for sales in excess of $300 million; and (ii) royalties to the third party licensor of the rights sublicensed to the Company until the later of expiration of product exclusivity or ten years from the first commercial sale of AGAMREE® equal to 7% of net sales (as defined in the license agreement) in North America for any single calendar year for sales equal to or less than $250 million, 8.5% of net sales for sales in excess of $250 million and up to $500 million, 10% of net sales for sales in excess of $500 million and up to $750 million, 12% of net sales for sales in excess of $750 million and up to $1 billion, 13% of net sales for sales in excess of $1 billion and up to $2 billion and 15% of net sales for sales in excess of $2 billion. Furthermore, the Company may be obligated to pay Santhera sales-based milestones of up to $105 million as well as up to 11% percent royalties for all additional indications and milestones of up to $50 million for each of the first three additional indications. Simultaneously, the Company made a strategic equity investment into Santhera by acquiring 1,414,688 of Santhera’s post reverse-split ordinary shares (representing approximately 11.26% of Santhera’s outstanding ordinary shares immediately following the transaction), which are traded on the SIX Swiss Exchange, at an investment price of CHF 9.477 per share (corresponding to a mutually agreed volume-weighted average price prior to signing), with the funds invested into Santhera to be used by Santhera for Phase IV studies in DMD and further development of additional indications for AGAMREE®. 13. Agreements (continued). The following table summarizes the aggregate amount paid for the assets acquired by the Company in connection with the acquisition of AGAMREE® and the strategic equity investment (in thousands):
Initial cash payment |  | $ | 75,000 |
Investment in Santhera |  |  | 13,465 |
Transaction costs |  |  | 6,513 |
Total purchase consideration |  | $ | 94,978 |
The transaction has been accounted for as an asset acquisition in accordance with ASC 805-50. The Company accounted for the transaction as an asset acquisition because substantially all of the fair value of the assets acquired is concentrated in a single asset, the rights to develop, commercialize and manufacture AGAMREE®. The AGAMREE® rights consist of certain licenses and regulatory approvals and are considered a single asset as they are inextricably linked. ASC 805-10-55-5A includes a screen test, which provides that if substantially all of the fair value of the assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets, the assets acquired are not considered to be a business. Additionally, the Company did not acquire a substantive process. ASC 805 requires the acquiring entity in an asset acquisition to recognize assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on the cost to the acquiring entity on a relative fair value basis, which includes consideration given. Goodwill is not recognized in an asset acquisition and any excess consideration transferred over the fair value of the net assets acquired is allocated to the non-financial assets based on relative fair values. The total purchase price was allocated to the acquired assets based on their relative fair values, as follows (in thousands):
License and acquired intangibles for AGAMREE® (IPR&D) |  | $ | 81,513 |
Investment in Santhera(i) |  |  | 13,465 |
Total purchase consideration |  | $ | 94,978 |
(i) The fair value of the investment in Santhera was determined based on the closing market price (CHF 8.25) of Santhera shares and the exchange rate (1.1537) of CHF to USD on the date the shares were transferred, July 19, 2023. In accordance with FASB ASC 730-10-25, as AGAMREE® had not achieved regulatory approval when acquired, the portion of the purchase price allocated to the IPR&D asset acquired (which includes all transaction costs related to the transactions with Santhera) was immediately expensed to research and development. The Company may be obligated to pay Santhera sales-based milestones of up to $105 million, which includes a sales-based milestone payment of up to $12.5 million upon achievement of revenues of $100 million. Such sales-based milestone payments, if made, will be capitalized as intangible assets and amortized to cost of sales over the remaining estimated useful life of the approved product when the milestone is achieved and becomes payable by the Company. As the transaction is accounted for as an asset acquisition under U.S. GAAP, the Company will recognize all royalty payments in cost of sales as revenue from product sales is recognized. Following the approval of the NDA for AGAMREE® on October 26, 2023, the Company became obligated to make a milestone payment of $36 million to Santhera. The $36 million payment was made during the fourth quarter of 2023. The Company capitalized the $36 million payment which is being amortized using the straight-line method over the product’s estimated useful life of 10.5 years. The strategic equity investment in Santhera is accounted for as an investment in equity securities, and is recognized as a non-current asset, as the Company does not intend to sell the shares within 12 months. Since Santhera shares have a readily determinable fair value, the investment will be measured quarterly at fair value with changes reported in earnings in other income, net in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. e. AGREEMENTS FOR DRUG MANUFACTURING, DEVELOPMENT, PRECLINICAL AND CLINICAL STUDIES. The Company has entered into agreements with contract manufacturers for the manufacture of commercial drug and drug and study placebo for the Company’s trials and studies, with contract research organizations (CRO) to conduct and monitor the Company’s trials and studies and with various entities for laboratories and other testing related to the Company’s trials and studies. The contractual terms of the agreements vary, but most require certain advances as well as payments based on the achievement of milestones. Further, these agreements are cancellable at any time, but obligate the Company to reimburse the providers for any time or costs incurred through the date of termination.

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