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PENSION AND POSTRETIREMENT EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2019
Retirement Benefits [Abstract] |
PENSION AND POSTRETIREMENT EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS | PENSION AND POSTRETIREMENT EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS The Company has defined benefit plans and a participatory defined benefit postretirement medical and life insurance plan, which covers a closed grandfathered group of legacy Bausch & Lomb Holdings Incorporated (‘‘B&L’’) U.S. employees and employees in certain other countries. The U.S. defined benefit accruals were frozen as of December 31, 2004 and benefits that were earned up to December 31, 2004 were preserved. Participants continue to earn interest credits on their cash balance. The most significant non-U.S. plans are two defined benefit plans in Ireland. In 2011, both Ireland defined benefit plans were closed to future service benefit accruals; however, additional accruals related to annual salary increases continued. In December 2014, one of the Ireland defined benefit plans was amended effective August 2014 to eliminate future benefit accruals related to salary increases. All of the pension benefits accrued through the plan amendment date were preserved. As a result of the plan amendment, there are no active plan participants accruing benefits under the amended Ireland defined benefit plan. The U.S. postretirement benefit plan was amended effective January 1, 2005 to eliminate employer contributions after age 65 for participants who did not meet the minimum requirements of age and service on that date. The employer contributions for medical and prescription drug benefits for participants retiring after March 1, 1989 were frozen effective January 1, 2010. Effective January 1, 2014, the Company no longer offers medical and life insurance coverage to new retirees. In addition to the B&L benefit plans, outside of the U.S., a limited group of the Company's employees are covered by defined benefit pension plans. The Company uses December 31 as the year-end measurement date for all of its defined benefit pension plans and the postretirement benefit plan. Accounting for Pension Benefit Plans and Postretirement Benefit Plan The Company recognizes in its Consolidated Balance Sheets an asset or liability equal to the over- or under-funded benefit obligation of each defined benefit pension plan and postretirement benefit plan. Actuarial gains or losses and prior service costs or credits that arise during the period but are not recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost are recognized, net of tax, as a component of other comprehensive income (loss). The amounts included in Accumulated other comprehensive loss as of December 31, 2019, and 2018 were as follows:
|  | Pension Benefit Plans |  | U.S. Postretirement Benefit Plan
| U.S. Plan |  | Non-U.S. Plans |
(in millions) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Unrecognized actuarial losses |  | $ | (20 | ) |  | $ | (31 | ) |  | $ | (65 | ) |  | $ | (50 | ) |  | $ | (2 | ) |  | $ | (1 | )
Unrecognized prior service credits |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | 27 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 17 |
Of the December 31, 2019 amounts, the Company expects to recognize $3 million and $1 million of unrecognized prior service credits related to the U.S. postretirement benefit plan and the non-U.S. defined benefit plans, respectively, in net periodic (benefit) cost during 2020. In addition, the Company expects to recognize $2 million of unrecognized actuarial losses related to the non-U.S. pension benefit plans in net periodic (benefit) cost during 2020. Net Periodic (Benefit) Cost The following table provides the components of net periodic (benefit) cost for the Company’s defined benefit pension plans and postretirement benefit plan in 2019, 2018 and 2017:
|  | Pension Benefit Plans |  | U.S. Postretirement Benefit Plan
| U.S. Plan |  | Non-U.S. Plans |
(in millions) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Service cost |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Interest cost |  | 8 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 2 |
Expected return on plan assets |  | (13 | ) |  | (15 | ) |  | (13 | ) |  | (5 | ) |  | (5 | ) |  | (5 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Amortization of net loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Amortization of prior service credit |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  | (3 | )
Other |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net periodic (benefit) cost |  | $ | (3 | ) |  | $ | (6 | ) |  | $ | (3 | ) |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | (1 | )
Benefit Obligation, Change in Plan Assets and Funded Status The table below presents components of the change in projected benefit obligation, change in plan assets and funded status for 2019 and 2018:
|  | Pension Benefit Plans |  | U.S. Postretirement Benefit Plan
| U.S. Plan |  | Non-U.S. Plans |
(in millions) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Change in Projected Benefit Obligation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Projected benefit obligation, beginning of year |  | $ | 214 |  |  | $ | 234 |  |  | $ | 235 |  |  | $ | 254 |  |  | $ | 41 |  |  | $ | 48 |
Service cost |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Interest cost |  | 8 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Employee contributions |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Settlements |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Benefits paid |  | (15 | ) |  | (16 | ) |  | (8 | ) |  | (5 | ) |  | (4 | ) |  | (5 | )
Actuarial losses (gains) |  | 18 |  |  | (13 | ) |  | 30 |  |  | (10 | ) |  | 2 |  |  | (4 | )
Currency translation adjustments |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4 | ) |  | (10 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Projected benefit obligation, end of year |  | 227 |  |  | 214 |  |  | 259 |  |  | 235 |  |  | 41 |  |  | 41 |
Change in Plan Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair value of plan assets, beginning of year |  | 187 |  |  | 206 |  |  | 147 |  |  | 155 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Actual return on plan assets |  | 42 |  |  | (11 | ) |  | 17 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Employee contributions |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Company contributions |  | 2 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 4 |
Settlements |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Benefits paid |  | (15 | ) |  | (16 | ) |  | (8 | ) |  | (5 | ) |  | (4 | ) |  | (5 | )
Currency translation adjustments |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3 | ) |  | (6 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Fair value of plan assets, end of year |  | 216 |  |  | 187 |  |  | 161 |  |  | 147 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Funded Status at end of year |  | $ | (11 | ) |  | $ | (27 | ) |  | $ | (98 | ) |  | $ | (88 | ) |  | $ | (41 | ) |  | $ | (41 | )
Recognized as: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accrued and other current liabilities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (2 | ) |  | $ | (2 | ) |  | $ | (5 | ) |  | $ | (5 | )
Other non-current liabilities |  | $ | (11 | ) |  | $ | (27 | ) |  | $ | (96 | ) |  | $ | (86 | ) |  | $ | (36 | ) |  | $ | (36 | )
A number of the Company’s pension benefit plans were underfunded as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, having accumulated benefit obligations exceeding the fair value of plan assets. Information for the underfunded pension benefit plans is as follows:
|  | U.S. Plan |  | Non-U.S. Plans
(in millions) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Projected benefit obligation |  | $ | 227 |  |  | $ | 214 |  |  | $ | 259 |  |  | $ | 235 |
Accumulated benefit obligation |  | 227 |  |  | 214 |  |  | 251 |  |  | 225 |
Fair value of plan assets |  | 216 |  |  | 187 |  |  | 161 |  |  | 147 |
The Company’s policy for funding its pension benefit plans is to make contributions that meet or exceed the minimum statutory funding requirements. These contributions are determined based upon recommendations made by the actuary under accepted actuarial principles. In 2020, the Company expects to contribute $3 million, $9 million and $5 million to the U.S. pension benefit plan, the non-U.S. pension benefit plans and the U.S. postretirement benefit plan, respectively. The Company plans to use postretirement benefit plan assets and cash on hand, as necessary, to fund the U.S. postretirement benefit plan benefit payments in 2020. Estimated Future Benefit Payments Future benefit payments over the next 10 years for the pension benefit plans and the postretirement benefit plan, which reflect expected future service, as appropriate, are expected to be paid as follows:
(in millions) |  | Pension Benefit Plans |  | U.S. Postretirement Benefit Plan
| U.S. Plan |  | Non-U.S. Plans |
2020 |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 5 |
2021 |  | 18 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 4 |
2022 |  | 18 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 4 |
2023 |  | 17 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 4 |
2024 |  | 16 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 3 |
2025-2029 |  | 77 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 13 |
Assumptions The weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit costs and benefit obligations for 2019, 2018 and 2017 were as follows:
|  | Pension Benefit Plans |  | U.S. Postretirement Benefit Plan
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
For Determining Net Periodic (Benefit) Cost |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Plans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Discount rate |  | 4.25 | % |  | 3.56 | % |  | 4.04 | % |  | 4.16 | % |  | 3.47 | % |  | 3.85 | %
Expected rate of return on plan assets |  | 7.25 | % |  | 7.50 | % |  | 7.50 | % |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Rate of compensation increase |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Non-U.S. Plans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Discount rate |  | 2.39 | % |  | 2.29 | % |  | 2.08 | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Expected rate of return on plan assets |  | 3.46 | % |  | 3.66 | % |  | 3.84 | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Rate of compensation increase |  | 2.89 | % |  | 2.87 | % |  | 2.64 | % |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Pension Benefit Plans |  | U.S. Postretirement Benefit Plan
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
For Determining Benefit Obligation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Plans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Discount rate |  | 3.16 | % |  | 4.25 | % |  | 3.04 | % |  | 4.16 | %
Rate of compensation increase |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Non-U.S. Plans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Discount rate |  | 1.68 | % |  | 2.39 | % |  |  |  |
Rate of compensation increase |  | 3.05 | % |  | 2.89 | % |  |  |  |
The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets was developed based on a capital markets model that uses expected asset class returns, variance and correlation assumptions. The expected asset class returns were developed starting with current Treasury (for the U.S. pension plan) or Eurozone (for the Ireland pension plans) government yields and then adding corporate bond spreads and equity risk premiums to develop the return expectations for each asset class. The expected asset class returns are forward-looking. The variance and correlation assumptions are also forward-looking. They take into account historical relationships, but are adjusted to reflect expected capital market trends. The expected return on plan assets for the Company’s U.S. pension plan for 2019 was 7.25%. The expected return on plan assets for the Company’s Ireland pension plans was 3.50% for 2019. The discount rate used to determine benefit obligations represents the current rate at which the benefit plan liabilities could be effectively settled considering the timing of expected payments for plan participants. The 2020 expected rate of return for the U.S. pension benefit plan will be 6.25%. The 2020 expected rate of return for the Ireland pension benefit plans will be 3.00%. Pension Benefit Plans Assets Pension benefit plan assets are invested in several asset categories. The following presents the actual asset allocation as of December 31, 2019 and 2018:
|  | 2019 |  | 2018
U.S. Plan |  |  |  |
Equity securities |  | 55 | % |  | 52 | %
Fixed income securities |  | 44 | % |  | 47 | %
Other |  | 1 | % |  | 1 | %
Non-U.S. Plans |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | 6 | % |  | 5 | %
Equity securities |  | 25 | % |  | 20 | %
Fixed income securities |  | 64 | % |  | 69 | %
Other |  | 6 | % |  | 6 | %
The investment strategy underlying pension plan asset allocation is to manage the assets of the plan to provide for the non-current liabilities while maintaining sufficient liquidity to pay current benefits. Pension plan assets are diversified to protect against large investment losses and to reduce the probability of excessive performance volatility. Diversification of assets is achieved by allocating funds to various asset classes and investment styles within asset classes, and retaining investment management firm(s) with complementary investment philosophies, styles and approaches. The Company’s pension plan assets are managed by outside investment managers using a total return investment approach, whereby a mix of equity and debt securities investments are used to maximize the long-term rate of return on plan assets. A significant portion of the assets of the U.S. and Ireland pension plans have been invested in equity securities, as equity portfolios have historically provided higher returns than debt and other asset classes over extended time horizons. Correspondingly, equity investments also entail greater risks than other investments. Equity risks are balanced by investing a significant portion of plan assets in broadly diversified fixed income securities. Fair Value of Plan Assets The Company measured the fair value of plan assets based on the prices that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. See Note 6, "FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS" for details on the Company's fair value measurements based on a three-tier hierarchy. The table below presents total plan assets by investment category as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 and the classification of each investment category within the fair value hierarchy with respect to the inputs used to measure fair value. There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 during 2019 and 2018.
|  | Pension Benefit Plans - U.S. Plans
|  | December 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
(in millions) |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  | Total |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  | Total
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2 |
Commingled funds: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. broad market |  | — |  |  | 64 |  |  | — |  |  | 64 |  |  | — |  |  | 51 |  |  | — |  |  | 51 |
Emerging markets |  | — |  |  | 15 |  |  | — |  |  | 15 |  |  | — |  |  | 13 |  |  | — |  |  | 13 |
Worldwide developed markets |  | — |  |  | 26 |  |  | — |  |  | 26 |  |  | — |  |  | 21 |  |  | — |  |  | 21 |
Other assets |  | — |  |  | 15 |  |  | — |  |  | 15 |  |  | — |  |  | 13 |  |  | — |  |  | 13 |
Fixed income securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment grade |  | — |  |  | 95 |  |  | — |  |  | 95 |  |  | — |  |  | 87 |  |  | — |  |  | 87 |
|  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 215 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 216 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 185 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 187 |
|  | Pension Benefit Plans - Non-U.S. Plans
|  | December 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
(in millions) |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  | Total |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  | Total
Cash equivalents |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7 |
Commingled funds: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Emerging markets |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Worldwide developed markets |  | — |  |  | 38 |  |  | — |  |  | 38 |  |  | — |  |  | 29 |  |  | — |  |  | 29 |
Fixed income securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment grade |  | — |  |  | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |
Global high yield |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |
Government bond funds |  | 1 |  |  | 90 |  |  | — |  |  | 91 |  |  | — |  |  | 90 |  |  | — |  |  | 90 |
Other assets |  | — |  |  | 8 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |
|  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 159 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 161 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 147 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 147 |
Cash equivalents consisted primarily of term deposits and money market instruments. The fair value of the term deposits approximates their carrying amounts due to their short term maturities. The money market instruments also have short maturities and are valued using a market approach based on the quoted market prices of identical instruments. Commingled funds are not publicly traded. The underlying assets in these funds are publicly traded on the exchanges and have readily available price quotes. The Ireland pension plans held approximately 95% of the non-U.S. commingled funds in 2019 and 2018. The commingled funds held by the U.S. and Ireland pension plans are primarily invested in index funds. The underlying assets in the fixed income funds are generally valued using the net asset value per fund share, which is derived using a market approach with inputs that include broker quotes, benchmark yields, base spreads and reported trades. Defined Contribution Plans The Company sponsors defined contribution plans in the U.S., Ireland and certain other countries. Under these plans, employees are allowed to contribute a portion of their salaries to the plans, and the Company matches a portion of the employee contributions. The Company contributed $41 million, $36 million and $22 million to these plans during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

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