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INCOME TAXES (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Components of loss before income taxes | The components of Loss before income taxes for 2022, 2021 and 2020 consist of:
(in millions) |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Domestic |  | $ | 64 |  |  | $ | (323) |  |  | $ | (410) |
Foreign |  | (193) |  |  | (701) |  |  | (524) |
|  | $ | (129) |  |  | $ | (1,024) |  |  | $ | (934) |
Components of (provision for) benefit from income taxes | The components of (Provision for) benefit from income taxes for 2022, 2021 and 2020 consist of:
(in millions) |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Current: |  |  |  |  |  |
Domestic |  | $ | (15) |  |  | $ | (23) |  |  | $ | (8) |
Foreign |  | (256) |  |  | 74 |  |  | (216) |
|  | (271) |  |  | 51 |  |  | (224) |
Deferred: |  |  |  |  |  |
Domestic |  | 14 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 9 |
Foreign |  | 174 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 590 |
|  | 188 |  |  | 36 |  |  | 599 |
|  | $ | (83) |  |  | $ | 87 |  |  | $ | 375 |
Reconciliation of (provision for) benefit from income taxes from the expected amount calculated by applying the Canadian statutory rate to income (loss) before income taxes | The (Provision for) benefit from income taxes differs from the expected amount calculated by applying the Company’s Canadian statutory rate of 26.9% to Loss before income taxes for 2022, 2021 and 2020 as follows:
(in millions) |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Loss before income taxes |  | $ | (129) |  |  | $ | (1,024) |  |  | $ | (934) |
(Provision for) benefit from income taxes |  |  |  |  |  |
Expected benefit from income taxes at Canadian statutory rate |  | $ | 35 |  |  | $ | 275 |  |  | $ | 251 |
Non-deductible amount of share-based compensation |  | (19) |  |  | (9) |  |  | (9) |
Adjustments to tax attributes |  | 53 |  |  | (59) |  |  | 26 |
Change in valuation allowance related to foreign tax credits and NOLs |  | 100 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 62 |
Change in valuation allowance on Canadian deferred tax assets and tax rate changes |  | 24 |  |  | 40 |  |  | 687 |
Change in uncertain tax positions |  | (50) |  |  | 112 |  |  | (163) |
Foreign tax rate differences |  | (57) |  |  | (198) |  |  | (128) |
Non-deductible portion of Goodwill impairments |  | (175) |  |  | (99) |  |  | — |
Tax benefit on intra-entity transfers |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (338) |
Other |  | 6 |  |  | (3) |  |  | (13) |
|  | $ | (83) |  |  | $ | 87 |  |  | $ | 375 |
Schedule of tax effect of major items recorded as deferred tax assets and liabilities and valuation allowance | Deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 consist of:
(in millions) |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |  |
Tax loss carryforwards |  | $ | 2,872 |  |  | $ | 2,973 |
Provisions |  | 859 |  |  | 991 |
Debt discounts and deferred financing costs |  | 370 |  |  | — |
Research and development tax credits |  | 140 |  |  | 173 |
Scientific Research and Experimental Development pool |  | 48 |  |  | 52 |
Tax credit carryforwards |  | 14 |  |  | 14 |
Deferred revenue |  | 2 |  |  | 3 |
Prepaid expenses |  | 26 |  |  | 26 |
Share-based compensation |  | 22 |  |  | 17 |
Other |  | 24 |  |  | 38 |
Total deferred tax assets |  | 4,377 |  |  | 4,287 |
Less valuation allowance |  | (2,023) |  |  | (2,222) |
Deferred tax assets net of valuation allowance |  | 2,354 |  |  | 2,065 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |  |
Intangible assets |  | 191 |  |  | 188 |
Plant, equipment and technology |  | 74 |  |  | 44 |
Outside basis differences |  | 125 |  |  | 110 |
Total deferred tax liabilities |  | 390 |  |  | 342 |
Net deferred tax asset |  | $ | 1,964 |  |  | $ | 1,723 |
The following table presents a reconciliation of the deferred tax asset valuation allowance for 2022, 2021 and 2020:
(in millions) |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Balance, beginning of year |  | $ | 2,222 |  |  | $ | 2,252 |  |  | $ | 2,831 |
Charged to Benefit from income taxes |  | (124) |  |  | (63) |  |  | (773) |
Charged to other accounts |  | (75) |  |  | 33 |  |  | 194 |
Balance, end of year |  | $ | 2,023 |  |  | $ | 2,222 |  |  | $ | 2,252 |
Summary of open tax years by jurisdiction |
Jurisdiction: |  | Open Years
United States - Federal |  | 2015 - 2021
Canada |  | 2012 - 2021
Germany |  | 2014 - 2021
France |  | 2013 - 2021
Ireland |  | 2018 - 2021
Australia |  | 2018 - 2021
Luxembourg |  | 2017 - 2021
Reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized tax benefits | The following table presents a reconciliation of the unrecognized tax benefits for 2022, 2021 and 2020:
(in millions) |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Balance, beginning of year |  | $ | 927 |  |  | $ | 1,025 |  |  | $ | 1,002 |
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year |  | 156 |  |  | 79 |  |  | 66 |
Additions for tax positions of prior years |  | 10 |  |  | 121 |  |  | 171 |
Reductions for tax positions of prior years |  | (127) |  |  | (129) |  |  | (209) |
Lapse of statute of limitations |  | (85) |  |  | (169) |  |  | (5) |
Balance, end of year |  | $ | 881 |  |  | $ | 927 |  |  | $ | 1,025 |

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- Definition Tabular disclosure of the reconciliation using percentage or dollar amounts of the reported amount of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for the year to the amount of income tax expense that would result from applying domestic federal statutory tax rates to pretax income from continuing operations. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 12 -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32687-109319 + Details
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- Definition Tabular disclosure for tax positions taken in the tax returns filed or to be filed for which it is more likely than not that the tax position will not be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities and other income tax contingencies. Includes, but is not limited to, interest and penalties, reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits, unrecognized tax benefits that would affect the effective tax rate, tax years that remain subject to examination by tax jurisdictions, and information about positions for which it is reasonably possible that amounts unrecognized will significantly change within 12 months. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 15A -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=SL6600010-109319 Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 15 -Subparagraph (d) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32718-109319 Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 19 -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32840-109319 + Details
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