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INCOME TAXES (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Components of loss before income taxes

The components of Loss before income taxes for 2022, 2021 and 2020 consist of:

(in millions)						2022						2021						2020
Domestic						$	64					$	(323)					$	(410)
Foreign						(193)						(701)						(524)
						$	(129)					$	(1,024)					$	(934)

Components of (provision for) benefit from income taxes

The components of (Provision for) benefit from income taxes for 2022, 2021 and 2020 consist of:

(in millions)						2022						2021						2020
Current:
Domestic						$	(15)					$	(23)					$	(8)
Foreign						(256)						74						(216)
						(271)						51						(224)
Deferred:
Domestic						14						20						9
Foreign						174						16						590
						188						36						599
						$	(83)					$	87					$	375

Reconciliation of (provision for) benefit from income taxes from the expected amount calculated by applying the Canadian statutory rate to income (loss) before income taxes

The (Provision for) benefit from income taxes differs from the expected amount calculated by applying the Company’s Canadian statutory rate of 26.9% to Loss before income taxes for 2022, 2021 and 2020 as follows:

(in millions)						2022						2021						2020
Loss before income taxes						$	(129)					$	(1,024)					$	(934)
(Provision for) benefit from income taxes
Expected benefit from income taxes at Canadian statutory rate						$	35					$	275					$	251
Non-deductible amount of share-based compensation						(19)						(9)						(9)
Adjustments to tax attributes						53						(59)						26
Change in valuation allowance related to foreign tax credits and NOLs						100						28						62
Change in valuation allowance on Canadian deferred tax assets and tax rate changes						24						40						687
Change in uncertain tax positions						(50)						112						(163)
Foreign tax rate differences						(57)						(198)						(128)
Non-deductible portion of Goodwill impairments						(175)						(99)						—
Tax benefit on intra-entity transfers						—						—						(338)
Other						6						(3)						(13)
						$	(83)					$	87					$	375

Schedule of tax effect of major items recorded as deferred tax assets and liabilities and valuation allowance

Deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 consist of:

(in millions)						2022						2021
Deferred tax assets:
Tax loss carryforwards						$	2,872					$	2,973
Provisions						859						991
Debt discounts and deferred financing costs						370						—
Research and development tax credits						140						173
Scientific Research and Experimental Development pool						48						52
Tax credit carryforwards						14						14
Deferred revenue						2						3
Prepaid expenses						26						26
Share-based compensation						22						17
Other						24						38
Total deferred tax assets						4,377						4,287
Less valuation allowance						(2,023)						(2,222)
Deferred tax assets net of valuation allowance						2,354						2,065
Deferred tax liabilities:
Intangible assets						191						188
Plant, equipment and technology						74						44
Outside basis differences						125						110
Total deferred tax liabilities						390						342
Net deferred tax asset						$	1,964					$	1,723

The following table presents a reconciliation of the deferred tax asset valuation allowance for 2022, 2021 and 2020:

(in millions)						2022						2021						2020
Balance, beginning of year						$	2,222					$	2,252					$	2,831
Charged to Benefit from income taxes						(124)						(63)						(773)
Charged to other accounts						(75)						33						194
Balance, end of year						$	2,023					$	2,222					$	2,252

Summary of open tax years by jurisdiction

Jurisdiction:						Open Years
United States - Federal						2015 - 2021
Canada						2012 - 2021
Germany						2014 - 2021
France						2013 - 2021
Ireland						2018 - 2021
Australia						2018 - 2021
Luxembourg						2017 - 2021

Reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized tax benefits

The following table presents a reconciliation of the unrecognized tax benefits for 2022, 2021 and 2020:

(in millions)						2022						2021						2020
Balance, beginning of year						$	927					$	1,025					$	1,002
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year						156						79						66
Additions for tax positions of prior years						10						121						171
Reductions for tax positions of prior years						(127)						(129)						(209)
Lapse of statute of limitations						(85)						(169)						(5)
Balance, end of year						$	881					$	927					$	1,025

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Tabular disclosure of the components of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for each year presented including, but not limited to: current tax expense (benefit), deferred tax expense (benefit), investment tax credits, government grants, the benefits of operating loss carryforwards, tax expense that results from allocating certain tax benefits either directly to contributed capital or to reduce goodwill or other noncurrent intangible assets of an acquired entity, adjustments of a deferred tax liability or asset for enacted changes in tax laws or rates or a change in the tax status of the entity, and adjustments of the beginning-of-the-year balances of a valuation allowance because of a change in circumstances that causes a change in judgment about the realizability of the related deferred tax asset in future years.

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Tabular disclosure of the components of net deferred tax asset or liability recognized in an entity's statement of financial position, including the following: the total of all deferred tax liabilities, the total of all deferred tax assets, the total valuation allowance recognized for deferred tax assets.

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Tabular disclosure of the reconciliation using percentage or dollar amounts of the reported amount of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for the year to the amount of income tax expense that would result from applying domestic federal statutory tax rates to pretax income from continuing operations.

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Tabular disclosure of income before income tax between domestic and foreign jurisdictions.

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