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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Quarterly Period Ended | March 31, 2023
OR
☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 001-14956
Bausch Health Companies Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

British Columbia | , | Canada | 98-0448205
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

2150 St. Elzéar Blvd. West, Laval, Québec, Canada H7L 4A8
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)
(514) 744-6792
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Shares, No Par Value | BHC | New York Stock Exchange | , | Toronto Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☐ | Emerging growth company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
Common shares, no par value — 363,723,880 shares outstanding as of April 28, 2023.

BAUSCH HEALTH COMPANIES INC.
FORM 10-Q
FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED MARCH 31, 2023
INDEX

Part I. | Financial Information |
Item 1. | Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) |
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 | 1
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 | 2
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 | 3
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity (Deficit) for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 | 4
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 | 5
| Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 6
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 45
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 75
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 75
Part II. | Other Information |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 76
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 76
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 76
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 76
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 76
Item 5. | Other Information | 76
Item 6. | Exhibits | 76
Signatures | 78

i

BAUSCH HEALTH COMPANIES INC.
FORM 10-Q
FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED MARCH 31, 2023
Introductory Note
Except where the context otherwise requires, all references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023 (this “Form 10-Q”) to the “Company”, “we”, “us”, “our” or similar words or phrases are to Bausch Health Companies Inc. and its subsidiaries, taken together. In this Form 10-Q, references to “$” are to United States (“U.S.”) dollars, references to “€” are to Euros and references to “CAD” are to Canadian dollars. Unless otherwise indicated, the statistical and financial data contained in this Form 10-Q are presented as of March 31, 2023.
Forward-Looking Statements
This Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and may be forward-looking information within the meaning of applicable Canadian securities laws (collectively, “forward-looking statements”), as described in more detail under the heading “Forward-Looking Statements” in Item 2 of Part I of this Form 10-Q. Additional information about these factors and about the material factors or assumptions underlying such forward-looking statements may be found (i) in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed on February 23, 2023, under Item 1A. “Risk Factors”; and (ii) in the Company’s other filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and the Canadian Securities Administrators (the “CSA”). When relying on our forward-looking statements to make decisions with respect to the Company, investors and others should carefully consider such factors and other uncertainties and potential events. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date made. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any of these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this Form 10-Q or to reflect actual outcomes, except as required by law. We caution that, as it is not possible to predict or identify all relevant factors that may impact forward-looking statements, the list of important factors, as described in more detail under the heading “Forward-Looking Statements” in Item 2 of Part I of this Form 10-Q, that may affect future results is not exhaustive and should not be considered a complete statement of all potential risks and uncertainties.
ii

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
BAUSCH HEALTH COMPANIES INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in millions, except share amounts)
(Unaudited)

| March 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Assets |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 518 |  |  | $ | 564 |
Restricted cash | 13 |  |  | 27 |
Trade receivables, net | 1,688 |  |  | 1,790 |
Inventories, net | 1,222 |  |  | 1,090 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 796 |  |  | 776 |
Total current assets | 4,237 |  |  | 4,247 |
Property, plant and equipment, net | 1,596 |  |  | 1,600 |
Intangible assets, net | 5,552 |  |  | 5,800 |
Goodwill | 11,579 |  |  | 11,547 |
Deferred tax assets, net | 2,163 |  |  | 2,166 |
Other non-current assets | 318 |  |  | 326 |
Total assets | $ | 25,445 |  |  | $ | 25,686 |
Liabilities |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 561 |  |  | $ | 521 |
Accrued and other current liabilities | 2,916 |  |  | 2,988 |
Current portion of long-term debt | 446 |  |  | 432 |
Total current liabilities | 3,923 |  |  | 3,941 |
Acquisition-related contingent consideration | 219 |  |  | 208 |
Non-current portion of long-term debt | 20,207 |  |  | 20,334 |
Deferred tax liabilities, net | 205 |  |  | 202 |
Other non-current liabilities | 746 |  |  | 741 |
Total liabilities | 25,300 |  |  | 25,426 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 18) |  |  |
Equity (Deficit) |  |  |
Common shares, no par value, unlimited shares authorized, 363,607,062 and 361,898,846 issued and outstanding at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively | 10,405 |  |  | 10,391 |
Additional paid-in capital | 171 |  |  | 159 |
Accumulated deficit | (9,387) |  |  | (9,186) |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (1,989) |  |  | (2,056) |
Total Bausch Health Companies Inc. shareholders’ deficit | (800) |  |  | (692) |
Noncontrolling interest | 945 |  |  | 952 |
Total equity | 145 |  |  | 260 |
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 25,445 |  |  | $ | 25,686 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
1

BAUSCH HEALTH COMPANIES INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in millions, except per share amounts)
(Unaudited)

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Product sales |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,922 |  |  | $ | 1,891 |
Other revenues |  |  |  |  | 22 |  |  | 27 |
|  |  |  |  | 1,944 |  |  | 1,918 |
Expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of goods sold (excluding amortization and impairments of intangible assets) |  |  |  |  | 572 |  |  | 536 |
Cost of other revenues |  |  |  |  | 10 |  |  | 15 |
Selling, general and administrative |  |  |  |  | 725 |  |  | 622 |
Research and development |  |  |  |  | 143 |  |  | 127 |
Amortization of intangible assets |  |  |  |  | 273 |  |  | 310 |
Asset impairments |  |  |  |  | 13 |  |  | 8 |
Restructuring, integration, separation and IPO costs |  |  |  |  | 10 |  |  | 13 |
Other expense, net |  |  |  |  | 23 |  |  | 2 |
|  |  |  |  | 1,769 |  |  | 1,633 |
Operating income |  |  |  |  | 175 |  |  | 285 |
Interest income |  |  |  |  | 6 |  |  | 2 |
Interest expense |  |  |  |  | (307) |  |  | (362) |
Foreign exchange and other |  |  |  |  | (10) |  |  | (7) |
Loss before income taxes |  |  |  |  | (136) |  |  | (82) |
(Provision for) benefit from income taxes |  |  |  |  | (73) |  |  | 16 |
Net loss |  |  |  |  | (209) |  |  | (66) |
Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interest |  |  |  |  | 8 |  |  | (3) |
Net loss attributable to Bausch Health Companies Inc. |  |  |  |  | $ | (201) |  |  | $ | (69) |
Basic and diluted loss per share attributable to Bausch Health Companies Inc. |  |  |  |  | $ | (0.55) |  |  | $ | (0.19) |
Basic and diluted weighted-average common shares |  |  |  |  | 363.3 |  | 360.8

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
2

BAUSCH HEALTH COMPANIES INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(in millions)
(Unaudited)

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Net loss |  |  |  |  | $ | (209) |  |  | $ | (66) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  |  |  |  | 65 |  |  | (56) |
Pension and postretirement benefit plan adjustments, net of income taxes |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  |  |  | 65 |  |  | (50) |
Comprehensive loss |  |  |  |  | (144) |  |  | (116) |
Comprehensive loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interest |  |  |  |  | 10 |  |  | (3) |
Comprehensive loss attributable to Bausch Health Companies Inc. |  |  |  |  | $ | (134) |  |  | $ | (119) |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
3

BAUSCH HEALTH COMPANIES INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
(in millions)
(Unaudited)

|  | Bausch Health Companies Inc. Shareholders’ Equity (Deficit) |  |  |  |
|  | Common Shares |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Accumulated Deficit |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Bausch Health Companies Inc. Shareholders’ Deficit |  | Non- controlling Interest |  | Total Equity (Deficit)
|  | Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |
|  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Balances, January 1, 2023 |  | 361.9 |  |  | $ | 10,391 |  |  | $ | 159 |  |  | $ | (9,186) |  |  | $ | (2,056) |  |  | $ | (692) |  |  | $ | 952 |  |  | $ | 260 |
Common shares issued under share-based compensation plans |  | 1.7 |  |  | 14 |  |  | (14) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Share-based compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 41 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 41 |  |  | — |  |  | 41 |
Employee withholding taxes related to share-based awards |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (12) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (12) |  |  | — |  |  | (12) |
B+L vested shares |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3) |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |
Net loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (201) |  |  | — |  |  | (201) |  |  | (8) |  |  | (209) |
Other comprehensive loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 67 |  |  | 67 |  |  | (2) |  |  | 65 |
Balances, March 31, 2023 |  | 363.6 |  |  | $ | 10,405 |  |  | $ | 171 |  |  | $ | (9,387) |  |  | $ | (1,989) |  |  | $ | (800) |  |  | $ | 945 |  |  | $ | 145 |
|  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Balances, January 1, 2022 |  | 359.4 |  |  | $ | 10,317 |  |  | $ | 462 |  |  | $ | (8,961) |  |  | $ | (1,924) |  |  | $ | (106) |  |  | $ | 72 |  |  | $ | (34) |
Common shares issued under share-based compensation plans |  | 1.9 |  |  | 56 |  |  | (54) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |
Share-based compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 32 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 32 |  |  | — |  |  | 32 |
Employee withholding taxes related to share-based awards |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (25) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (25) |  |  | — |  |  | (25) |
Net (loss) income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (69) |  |  | — |  |  | (69) |  |  | 3 |  |  | (66) |
Other comprehensive loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (50) |  |  | (50) |  |  | — |  |  | (50) |
Balances, March 31, 2022 |  | 361.3 |  |  | $ | 10,373 |  |  | $ | 415 |  |  | $ | (9,030) |  |  | $ | (1,974) |  |  | $ | (216) |  |  | $ | 75 |  |  | $ | (141) |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
4

BAUSCH HEALTH COMPANIES INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in millions)
(Unaudited)

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022
Cash Flows From Operating Activities |  |  |
Net loss | $ | (209) |  |  | $ | (66) |
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization of intangible assets | 319 |  |  | 352 |
Amortization and write-off of debt premiums, discounts and issuance costs | 11 |  |  | 14 |
Asset impairments | 13 |  |  | 8 |
Acquisition-related contingent consideration | 31 |  |  | 3 |
Allowances for losses on trade receivable and inventories | 10 |  |  | 14 |
Deferred income taxes | — |  |  | (83) |
Adjustments to accrued legal settlements | 1 |  |  | (1) |
Payments of accrued legal settlements | (1) |  |  | (360) |
Share-based compensation | 41 |  |  | 32 |
Foreign exchange gain (loss) | 6 |  |  | (2) |
Gain excluded from hedge effectiveness | (3) |  |  | — |
Other | (4) |  |  | 10 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Trade receivables | 108 |  |  | 197 |
Inventories | (128) |  |  | (73) |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | (33) |  |  | (33) |
Accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities | (8) |  |  | (75) |
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 154 |  |  | (63) |
Cash Flows From Investing Activities |  |  |
Acquisitions and other investments | (31) |  |  | — |
Purchases of property, plant and equipment | (47) |  |  | (46) |
Payments for intangible and other assets | (4) |  |  | (11) |
Purchases of marketable securities | (13) |  |  | (5) |
Proceeds from sale of marketable securities | 11 |  |  | 6 |
Interest settlements from cross-currency swaps | 6 |  |  | — |
Net cash used in investing activities | (78) |  |  | (56) |
Cash Flows From Financing Activities |  |  |
Issuance of long-term debt, net of discounts | 155 |  |  | 986 |
Repayments of long-term debt | (279) |  |  | (485) |
Payments of employee withholding taxes related to share-based awards | (12) |  |  | (25) |
Payments of acquisition-related contingent consideration | (7) |  |  | (8) |
Payments of financing costs | — |  |  | (1) |
Other | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | (142) |  |  | 468 |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and other | 6 |  |  | (8) |
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and other settlement deposits | (60) |  |  | 341 |
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and other settlement deposits, beginning of period | 591 |  |  | 2,119 |
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and other settlement deposits, end of period | $ | 531 |  |  | $ | 2,460 |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 518 |  |  | $ | 1,249 |
Restricted cash | 13 |  |  | 1,211 |
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and other settlement deposits, end of period | $ | 531 |  |  | $ | 2,460 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
5

BAUSCH HEALTH COMPANIES INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
1.DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
Bausch Health Companies Inc. (the “Company” or “Bausch Health”) is a global, diversified specialty pharmaceutical and medical device company that develops, manufactures and markets, primarily in the therapeutic areas of gastroenterology (“GI”), hepatology, neurology and dermatology, a broad range of branded, generic and branded generic pharmaceuticals, over-the-counter (“OTC”) products and aesthetic medical devices, and, through its approximately 89% ownership of Bausch + Lomb Corporation (“Bausch + Lomb”), branded, and branded generic pharmaceuticals, OTC products and medical devices (contact lenses, intraocular lenses, ophthalmic surgical equipment) in the therapeutic areas of eye health. The Company’s products are marketed directly or indirectly in approximately 100 countries.
2.SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation and Use of Estimates
The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared by the Company in U.S. dollars and in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial reporting, which do not conform in all respects to the requirements of U.S. GAAP for annual financial statements. Accordingly, these notes to the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP that are contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the U.S Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and the Canadian Securities Administrators (the “CSA”) on February 23, 2023. The unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared using accounting policies that are consistent with the policies used in preparing the Company’s audited Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2022. The unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements reflect all normal and recurring adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s financial position and results of operations for the interim periods. The operating results for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full year.
Separation of the Bausch + Lomb Eye Health Business
On August 6, 2020, the Company announced its plan to separate its eye health business, consisting of its Bausch + Lomb global Vision Care, Surgical and Ophthalmic Pharmaceuticals businesses into an independent publicly traded entity, Bausch + Lomb Corporation (“Bausch + Lomb” or “B+L”) from the remainder of Bausch Health Companies Inc. (the “B+L Separation”). On May 5, 2022, the registration statement related to the initial public offering of Bausch +Lomb (the “B+L IPO”) was declared effective, and B+L’s common stock began trading on the New York Stock Exchange and the Toronto Stock Exchange, in each case under the ticker symbol “BLCO” on May 6, 2022. Prior to the effectiveness of the registration statement, B+L was an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Bausch Health. On May 10, 2022, a wholly owned subsidiary of Bausch Health sold 35,000,000 common shares of B+L pursuant to the B+L IPO. Upon the closing of the B+L IPO and after giving effect to the subsequent partial exercise of the over-allotment option by the underwriters, Bausch Health indirectly holds 310,449,643 common shares of Bausch + Lomb, which represents approximately 89% of B+L’s outstanding common shares as of March 31, 2023.
The completion of the B+L Separation is subject to the achievement of targeted debt leverage ratios and the receipt of applicable shareholder and other necessary approvals. The Company continues to evaluate all relevant factors and considerations related to completing the B+L Separation, including the effect of the Norwich Legal Decision (see “Xifaxan® Paragraph IV Proceedings” of Note 17, “LEGAL PROCEEDINGS”) on the B+L Separation.
The B+L IPO established two separate companies that include: (i) a diversified pharmaceutical company comprised of the Salix, International, Diversified (dentistry, neurology, medical dermatology and generics pharmaceutical), and Solta Medical aesthetic medical device businesses and (ii) a fully integrated eye health company which consists of the Bausch + Lomb Vision Care, Surgical and Ophthalmic Pharmaceuticals businesses. Other than the effects of the B+L IPO described above, these unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements do not include any adjustments to give effect to the B+L Separation.
Use of Estimates
In preparing the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions. The estimates and assumptions used by the Company affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, and
6

the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from these estimates and the differences could be material.
On an ongoing basis, management reviews its estimates to ensure that these estimates appropriately reflect changes in the Company’s business and new information as it becomes available. If historical experience and other factors used by management to make these estimates do not reasonably reflect future activity, the Company’s results of operations and financial position could be materially impacted.
Principles of Consolidation
The unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and those of its subsidiaries and any variable interest entities for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.
Reclassifications
Certain reclassifications have been made to prior year amounts to conform to the current year presentation.
3.REVENUE RECOGNITION
The Company’s revenues are primarily generated from product sales, primarily in the therapeutic areas of GI, hepatology, neurology, dermatology and eye health, that consist of: (i) branded pharmaceuticals, (ii) generic and branded generic pharmaceuticals, (iii) OTC products and (iv) medical devices (contact lenses, intraocular lenses, ophthalmic surgical equipment and aesthetic medical devices). Other revenues include alliance and service revenue from the licensing and co-promotion of products and contract service revenue which is derived primarily from contract manufacturing for third parties and which is not material. See Note 18, “SEGMENT INFORMATION” for the disaggregation of revenue which depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by the economic factors of each category of customer contracts.
Product Sales Provisions
As is customary in the pharmaceutical industry, gross product sales are subject to a variety of deductions in arriving at reported net product sales. The transaction price for product sales is typically adjusted for variable consideration, which may be in the form of cash discounts, allowances, returns, rebates, chargebacks and distribution fees paid to customers. Provisions for variable consideration are established to reflect the Company’s best estimates of the amount of consideration to which it is entitled based on the terms of the contract. The amount of variable consideration included in the transaction price may be constrained, and is included in the net sales price only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of the cumulative revenue recognized will not occur in a future period.
Provisions for these deductions are recorded concurrently with the recognition of gross product sales revenue and include cash discounts and allowances, chargebacks, and distribution fees, which are paid to direct customers, as well as rebates and returns, which can be paid to direct and indirect customers. Returns provision balances and volume discounts to direct customers are included in Accrued and other current liabilities. All other provisions related to direct customers are included in Trade receivables, net, while provision balances related to indirect customers are included in Accrued and other current liabilities.
The Company continually monitors its variable consideration provisions and evaluates the estimates used as additional information becomes available. Adjustments will be made to these provisions periodically to reflect new facts and circumstances that may indicate that historical experience may not be indicative of current and/or future results. The Company is required to make subjective judgments based primarily on its evaluation of current market conditions and trade inventory levels related to the Company’s products. This evaluation may result in an increase or decrease in the experience rate that is applied to current and future sales, or require an adjustment related to past sales, or both. If the trend in actual amounts of variable consideration varies from the Company’s prior estimates, the Company adjusts these estimates when such trend is believed to be sustainable. At that time, the Company would record the necessary adjustments which would affect net product revenue and earnings reported in the current period. The Company applies this method consistently for contracts with similar characteristics.
7

The following tables present the activity and ending balances of the Company’s variable consideration provisions for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
(in millions) |  | Discounts and Allowances |  | Returns |  | Rebates |  | Chargebacks |  | Distribution Fees |  | Total
Reserve balances, January 1, 2023 |  | $ | 188 |  |  | $ | 427 |  |  | $ | 1,023 |  |  | $ | 196 |  |  | $ | 76 |  |  | $ | 1,910 |
Current period provisions |  | 139 |  |  | 42 |  |  | 664 |  |  | 465 |  |  | 61 |  |  | 1,371 |
Payments and credits |  | (148) |  |  | (40) |  |  | (729) |  |  | (487) |  |  | (49) |  |  | (1,453) |
Reserve balances, March 31, 2023 |  | $ | 179 |  |  | $ | 429 |  |  | $ | 958 |  |  | $ | 174 |  |  | $ | 88 |  |  | $ | 1,828 |

Included in Rebates in the table above are cooperative advertising credits due to customers of approximately $43 million and $40 million as of March 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, respectively, which are reflected as a reduction of Trade receivables, net in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. There were no price appreciation credits during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
(in millions) |  | Discounts and Allowances |  | Returns |  | Rebates |  | Chargebacks |  | Distribution Fees |  | Total
Reserve balances, January 1, 2022 |  | $ | 222 |  |  | $ | 482 |  |  | $ | 944 |  |  | $ | 170 |  |  | $ | 45 |  |  | $ | 1,863 |
Current period provisions |  | 134 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 581 |  |  | 471 |  |  | 51 |  |  | 1,256 |
Payments and credits |  | (162) |  |  | (54) |  |  | (599) |  |  | (359) |  |  | (53) |  |  | (1,227) |
Reserve balances, March 31, 2022 |  | $ | 194 |  |  | $ | 447 |  |  | $ | 926 |  |  | $ | 282 |  |  | $ | 43 |  |  | $ | 1,892 |

Included in Rebates in the table above are cooperative advertising credits due to customers of approximately $37 million and $36 million as of March 31, 2022 and January 1, 2022, respectively, which are reflected as a reduction of Trade receivables, net in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. There were no price appreciation credits during the three months ended March 31, 2022.
Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities
There are no contract assets for any period presented. Contract liabilities consist of deferred revenue, the balance of which is not material to any period presented.
Allowance for Credit Losses
An allowance is maintained for potential credit losses. The Company estimates the current expected credit loss on its receivables based on various factors, including historical credit loss experience, customer credit worthiness, value of collateral (if any), and any relevant current and reasonably supportable future economic factors. Additionally, the Company generally estimates the expected credit loss on a pool basis when customers are deemed to have similar risk characteristics. Trade receivable balances are written off against the allowance when it is deemed probable that the trade receivable will not be collected. Trade receivables, net are stated net of certain sales provisions and the allowance for credit losses. The activity in the allowance for credit losses for trade receivables for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 is as follows.

(in millions) | 2023 |  | 2022
Balance, beginning of period | $ | 33 |  |  | $ | 35 |
Provision for expected credit losses | 1 |  |  | — |
Write-offs charged against the allowance | (1) |  |  | — |
Recoveries of amounts previously written off | 3 |  |  | 3 |
Foreign exchange and other | (4) |  |  | — |
Balance, end of period | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | 38 |

8

4.LICENSING AGREEMENTS AND ACQUISITION
Licensing Agreements
In the normal course of business, the Company may enter into select licensing and collaborative agreements for the commercialization and/or development of unique products. These products are sometimes investigational treatments in early stage development that target unique conditions. The ultimate outcome, including whether the product will be: (i) fully developed, (ii) approved by regulatory agencies, (iii) covered by third-party payors or (iv) profitable for distribution, is highly uncertain. The commitment periods under these agreements vary and include customary termination provisions. Expenses arising from commitments, if any, to fund the development and testing of these products and their promotion are recognized as incurred. Royalties due are recognized when earned and milestone payments are accrued when each milestone has been achieved and payment is probable and can be reasonably estimated.
Acquisition
On January 17, 2023, Bausch + Lomb acquired AcuFocus, Inc., an ophthalmic medical device company, for an up-front payment of $35 million, $31 million of which was paid in January 2023, with the remaining purchase price to be paid within 18 months following the transaction, less any amounts that are the subject of any indemnification claims. The acquisition was made to acquire certain small aperture intraocular technology for the treatment of certain cataract conditions. Additional contingent payments may be payable upon achievement of future sales milestones. Bausch + Lomb recorded an initial acquisition-related contingent consideration liability of $5 million.
As a result of this transaction, recorded within the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets are Intangibles, net of $28 million, Goodwill of $2 million, other assets of $11 million and liabilities of $2 million.
5.RESTRUCTURING, INTEGRATION, SEPARATION AND IPO COSTS
Restructuring and Integration Costs
The Company evaluates opportunities to improve its operating results and implement cost savings programs to streamline its operations and eliminate redundant processes and expenses. Restructuring and integration costs are expenses associated with the implementation of these cost savings programs and include expenses associated with: (i) reducing headcount, (ii) eliminating real estate costs associated with unused or under-utilized facilities and (iii) implementing contribution margin improvement and other cost reduction initiatives.
The Company incurred $9 million and $3 million of restructuring and integration costs during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Separation Costs, Separation-related Costs, IPO Costs and IPO-related Costs
The Company has incurred, and will incur, costs associated with activities relating to the B+L Separation. In 2022, the Company also incurred costs associated with activities relating to the Solta IPO, which was suspended in June 2022. These B+L Separation and Solta IPO activities include: (i) separating the Bausch + Lomb and, in 2022, Solta Medical businesses from the remainder of the Company, (ii) completing the B+L IPO and, in 2022, preparing for the suspended Solta IPO and (iii) the actions necessary for Bausch + Lomb to become an independent publicly traded entity. Separation and IPO costs are incremental costs directly related to the B+L Separation and, in 2022, the suspended Solta IPO and include, but are not limited to: (i) legal, audit and advisory fees, (ii) talent acquisition costs and (iii) costs associated with establishing a new board of directors and related board committees for Bausch + Lomb. Included in Restructuring, integration, separation and IPO costs for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 are separation and IPO costs of $1 million and $10 million, respectively.
The Company has incurred, and expects to continue to incur incremental costs with respect to the B+L Separation. During 2022, the Company also incurred incremental costs indirectly related to the suspended Solta IPO. These separation-related and IPO-related costs include, but are not limited to: (i) IT infrastructure and software licensing costs, (ii) rebranding costs and (iii) costs associated with facility relocation and/or modification. Included in Selling, general and administrative for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 are separation-related and IPO-related costs of $6 million and $24 million, respectively.
The extent and timing of future charges of these costs to complete the B+L Separation cannot be reasonably estimated at this time and could be material.
9

6.FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Fair value measurements are estimated based on valuation techniques and inputs categorized as follows:
•Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
•Level 2 — Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities; and
•Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are financial instruments whose values are determined using discounted cash flow methodologies, pricing models, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant judgment or estimation.
If the inputs used to measure the financial assets and liabilities fall within more than one level described above, the categorization is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement of the instrument.
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The following fair value hierarchy table presents the components and classification of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

|  | March 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
(in millions) |  | Carrying Value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Carrying Value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents |  | $ | 45 |  |  | $ | 36 |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 94 |  |  | $ | 85 |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | — |
Restricted cash |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 27 |  |  | $ | 27 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Foreign currency exchange contracts |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | — |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Acquisition-related contingent consideration |  | $ | 269 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 269 |  |  | $ | 241 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 241 |
Cross-currency swaps |  | $ | 48 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 48 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 39 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 39 |  |  | $ | — |
Foreign currency exchange contracts |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | — |

Cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments, primarily money market funds, with maturities of three months or less when purchased, and are reflected in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at carrying value, which approximates fair value due to their short-term nature. Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash as presented in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2023 includes $358 million of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash held by legal entities of Bausch + Lomb. Cash held by Bausch + Lomb legal entities and any future cash from the operating, investing and financing activities of Bausch + Lomb is expected to be retained by Bausch + Lomb entities and are generally not available to support the operations, investing and financing activities of other legal entities, including Bausch Health unless paid as a dividend which would be determined by the Board of Directors of Bausch + Lomb and paid pro rata to Bausch + Lomb’s shareholders.
There were no transfers into or out of Level 3 assets or liabilities during the three months ended March 31, 2023.
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Cross-currency Swaps
During the third quarter of 2022, Bausch + Lomb entered into cross-currency swaps, with aggregate notional amounts of $1,000 million, to mitigate fluctuation in the value of a portion of its euro-denominated net investment in its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements from fluctuation in exchange rates. The euro-denominated net investment being hedged is Bausch + Lomb’s investment in certain Bausch + Lomb euro-denominated subsidiaries.
The accounting for changes in the fair value of a derivative instrument depends on whether the instrument has been designated and qualifies as part of a hedging relationship and on the type of hedging relationship. For derivative instruments designated and qualifying as hedging instruments, the hedging instrument must be designated, based upon the exposure being hedged, as a fair value hedge, cash flow hedge, or a hedge of the foreign currency exposure of a net investment in a foreign operation. For derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments, the gain or loss is recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations during the current period.
Bausch + Lomb’s cross-currency swaps qualify for and have been designated as a hedge of the foreign currency exposure of a net investment in a foreign operation and are remeasured at each reporting date to reflect changes in their fair values. The fair value is determined via a mark-to-market analysis, using observable (Level 2) inputs. These inputs may include: (i) the foreign currency exchange spot rate between the euro and U.S. dollar, (ii) the interest rate yield curves in the euro and U.S. dollar and (iii) the credit risk rating for each applicable counterparty. The net change in fair value of cross-currency swaps is reported as a gain or loss in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) as part of Foreign currency translation adjustment to the extent they are effective, and remain in Accumulative Comprehensive Income until either the sale or complete, or substantially complete, liquidation of the subsidiary. No portion of the cross-currency swaps were ineffective for the periods presented. Bausch + Lomb uses the spot method of assessing hedge effectiveness. Bausch + Lomb has elected to amortize amounts excluded from the assessment of effectiveness over the term of its cross-currency swaps as Interest expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The assets and liabilities associated with Bausch + Lomb’s cross-currency swaps as included in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are as follows:

(in millions) | March 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Other non-current liabilities | $ | (51) |  |  | $ | (45) |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 6 |
Net fair value | $ | (48) |  |  | $ | (39) |

The following table presents the effect of hedging instruments on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss and the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
(in millions) |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  |  |
Loss recognized in Other comprehensive loss |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |
Gain excluded from assessment of hedge effectiveness |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |
Location of gain of excluded component |  | Interest Expense |

No portion of the cross-currency swaps were ineffective for the three months ended March 31, 2023. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company received $6 million in interest settlements, which are reported as investing activities in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
Foreign Currency Exchange Contracts
As of March 31, 2023, the Company’s outstanding foreign currency exchange contracts had an aggregate notional amount of $548 million.
The Company’s foreign currency exchange contracts are remeasured at each reporting date to reflect changes in their fair values determined using forward rates, which are observable market inputs, multiplied by the notional amount. The Company’s foreign currency exchange contracts are economically hedging the foreign exchange exposure on certain of the Company’s intercompany balances. These contracts have not been designated as an accounting hedge, and therefore the net change in their fair value is reported as a gain or loss in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations as part of Foreign exchange and other. Settlements of the Company’s foreign currency exchange contracts are reported as a gain or loss
11

in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations as part of Foreign exchange and other and reported as operating activities in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
The assets and liabilities associated with the Company’s foreign exchange contracts as included in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are as follows:

(in millions) | March 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Accrued and other current liabilities | $ | (3) |  |  | $ | (4) |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 6 |
Net fair value | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 2 |

The following table presents the effect of the Company’s foreign exchange contracts on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
(in millions) | 2023 |  | 2022 |  |  |  |
Gain (loss) related to changes in fair value | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | (7) |  |  |  |  |
(Loss) gain related to settlements | $ | (5) |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  |  |  |

Acquisition-related Contingent Consideration Obligations
The fair value measurement of contingent consideration obligations arising from business combinations is determined via a probability-weighted discounted cash flow analysis, using unobservable (Level 3) inputs. These inputs may include: (i) the estimated amount and timing of projected cash flows, (ii) the probability of the achievement of the factor(s) on which the contingency is based and (iii) the risk-adjusted discount rate used to present value the probability-weighted cash flows. Significant increases or decreases in any of those inputs in isolation could result in a significantly higher or lower fair value measurement. At March 31, 2023, the fair value measurements of acquisition-related contingent consideration were determined using risk-adjusted discount rates ranging from 6% to 18%, and a weighted average risk-adjusted discount rate of 7%. The weighted average risk-adjusted discount rate was calculated by weighting each contract’s relative fair value at March 31, 2023.
The following table presents a reconciliation of contingent consideration obligations measured on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:

|  | March 31,
(in millions) |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Balance, beginning of period |  |  |  | $ | 241 |  |  |  |  | $ | 241 |
Adjustments to Acquisition-related contingent consideration: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accretion for the time value of money |  | $ | 4 |  |  |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  |
Fair value adjustments due to changes in estimates of other future payments |  | 27 |  |  |  |  | (1) |  |  |
Acquisition-related contingent consideration |  |  |  | 31 |  |  |  |  | 3 |
Acquisition of AcuFocus Inc. |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  |  | — |
Payments/Settlements |  |  |  | (8) |  |  |  |  | (8) |
Balance, end of period |  |  |  | 269 |  |  |  |  | 236 |
Current portion included in Accrued and other current liabilities |  |  |  | 50 |  |  |  |  | 43 |
Non-current portion |  |  |  | $ | 219 |  |  |  |  | $ | 193 |

Fair Value of Long-term Debt
The fair value of long-term debt as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was $13,367 million and $14,011 million, respectively, and was estimated using the quoted market prices for the same or similar debt issuances (Level 2).
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7.INVENTORIES
Inventories, net consist of:

(in millions) |  | March 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Raw materials |  | $ | 378 |  |  | $ | 326 |
Work in process |  | 123 |  |  | 98 |
Finished goods |  | 721 |  |  | 666 |
|  | $ | 1,222 |  |  | $ | 1,090 |

8.INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND GOODWILL
Intangible Assets
The major components of intangible assets consist of:

|  | March 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
(in millions) |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization and Impairments |  | Net Carrying Amount |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization and Impairments |  | Net Carrying Amount
Finite-lived intangible assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Product brands |  | $ | 20,902 |  |  | $ | (17,471) |  |  | $ | 3,431 |  |  | $ | 20,840 |  |  | $ | (17,196) |  |  | $ | 3,644 |
Corporate brands |  | 904 |  |  | (571) |  |  | 333 |  |  | 899 |  |  | (542) |  |  | 357 |
Product rights/patents |  | 3,350 |  |  | (3,265) |  |  | 85 |  |  | 3,347 |  |  | (3,251) |  |  | 96 |
Partner relationships |  | 150 |  |  | (150) |  |  | — |  |  | 149 |  |  | (149) |  |  | — |
Technology and other |  | 201 |  |  | (196) |  |  | 5 |  |  | 201 |  |  | (196) |  |  | 5 |
Total finite-lived intangible assets |  | 25,507 |  |  | (21,653) |  |  | 3,854 |  |  | 25,436 |  |  | (21,334) |  |  | 4,102 |
B&L Trademark |  | 1,698 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,698 |  |  | 1,698 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,698 |
|  | $ | 27,205 |  |  | $ | (21,653) |  |  | $ | 5,552 |  |  | $ | 27,134 |  |  | $ | (21,334) |  |  | $ | 5,800 |

Long-lived assets with finite lives are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. Impairment charges associated with these assets are included in Asset impairments in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company continues to monitor the recoverability of its finite-lived intangible assets and tests the intangible assets for impairment if indicators of impairment are present. The Company estimates the fair values of long-lived assets with finite lives using an undiscounted cash flow model which utilizes Level 3 unobservable inputs. The undiscounted cash flow model relies on assumptions regarding revenue growth rates, gross profit, selling, general and administrative expenses and research and development expenses.
Asset impairments for the three months ended March 31, 2023 were $13 million and include impairments of: (i) $8 million, in aggregate, attributable to certain trade names no longer in use and (ii) $5 million, related to the discontinuance of a certain product line. Asset impairments for the three months ended March 31, 2022 were $8 million due to discontinuances and decreases in the forecasted sales of certain product lines.
Xifaxan® intangible assets included in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets had a carrying value of $2,559 million and an estimated remaining useful life of 57 months as of March 31, 2023. On August 10, 2022, a court held, among other matters, that certain U.S. Patents protecting the composition and use of Xifaxan® for treating inflammatory bowel syndrome with diarrhea (“IBS-D”) were invalid (the “Norwich Legal Decision”). On August 16, 2022, the Company appealed the Norwich Legal Decision and intends to vigorously defend its Xifaxan® intellectual property. See “Xifaxan® Paragraph IV Proceedings” of Note 17, “LEGAL PROCEEDINGS” for details of this litigation matter and the Company’s response.
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As the ultimate outcome of the Norwich Legal Decision and other potential future related developments, including a competitor’s ability to launch a successful generic version to Xifaxan®, could impact the timing and extent of future revenues and cash flows associated with Xifaxan®, the Company determined that, in the third quarter of 2022, the ruling in the Norwich Legal Decision constituted an event requiring assessment of the Xifaxan® intangible assets for potential impairment using different scenarios representing a range of different outcomes which address, among other things, the timing of when a competitor or competitors will be able to successfully launch a generic version to Xifaxan®, if they are able to launch one at all. This assessment resulted in no impairment of the carrying value of the Xifaxan® finite-lived intangible assets as of September 30, 2022.
From September 30, 2022 through the first quarter of 2023 there were no material changes to the facts and circumstances of the Norwich Legal Decision or to actual or expected business performance for Xifaxan®. Based on these factors, no impairment to the carrying value of the Xifaxan® finite-lived intangible assets was identified as of March 31, 2023. The Company also determined that no change to the remaining useful lives of its Xifaxan® finite-lived intangible assets was required.
It is possible that the Norwich Legal Decision and other potential future developments: (i) may adversely impact the estimated future cash flows associated with these products, which could result in an impairment of the value of these intangible assets in one or more future periods and (ii) may result in shortened useful lives of the Xifaxan® intangible assets, which would increase amortization expense in future periods. Any such impairment or shortening of the useful lives of Xifaxan® could be material to the results of operations of the Company in the period or periods in which they were to occur.
Estimated amortization expense of finite-lived intangible assets for the remainder of 2023 and each of the five succeeding years ending December 31 and thereafter is as follows:

(in millions) |  | Remainder of 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2026 |  | 2027 |  | 2028 |  | Thereafter |  | Total |
Amortization |  | $ | 756 |  |  | $ | 907 |  |  | $ | 801 |  |  | $ | 673 |  |  | $ | 636 |  |  | $ | 39 |  |  | $ | 42 |  |  | $ | 3,854 |  |

Goodwill
The changes in the carrying amounts of goodwill during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and the year ended December 31, 2022 were as follows:

(in millions) |  |  |  | Bausch + Lomb |  | Salix |  | International |  | Dermatology |  | Solta Medical |  | Diversified |  | Total
Balance, January 1, 2022 |  |  |  | $ | 5,318 |  |  | $ | 3,159 |  |  | $ | 825 |  |  | $ | 798 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,357 |  |  | $ | 12,457 |
Realignment of segment goodwill |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (798) |  |  | 115 |  |  | 683 |  |  | — |
Additions |  |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |
Impairment |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (824) |  |  | (824) |
Foreign exchange and other |  |  |  | (77) |  |  | — |  |  | (36) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 22 |  |  | (91) |
Balance, December 31, 2022 |  |  |  | 5,246 |  |  | 3,159 |  |  | 789 |  |  | — |  |  | 115 |  |  | 2,238 |  |  | 11,547 |
Additions |  |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |
Foreign exchange and other |  |  |  | 14 |  |  | — |  |  | 22 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6) |  |  | 30 |
Balance, March 31, 2023 |  |  |  | $ | 5,262 |  |  | $ | 3,159 |  |  | $ | 811 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 115 |  |  | $ | 2,232 |  |  | $ | 11,579 |

Goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment at least annually on October 1st at the reporting unit level. A reporting unit is the same as, or one level below, an operating segment. The Company performs its annual impairment test by first assessing qualitative factors. Where the qualitative assessment suggests that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, a quantitative fair value test is performed for that reporting unit (Step 1).
The fair value of a reporting unit refers to the price that would be received to sell the unit as a whole in an orderly transaction between market participants. The Company estimates the fair value of a reporting unit using a discounted cash flow model which utilizes Level 3 unobservable inputs. The discounted cash flow model relies on assumptions regarding revenue growth rates, gross profit, projected working capital needs, selling, general and administrative expenses, research and development expenses, capital expenditures, income tax rates, discount rates and terminal growth rates. To estimate fair value, the Company discounts the forecasted cash flows of each reporting unit. The discount rate the Company uses represents the estimated weighted average cost of capital, which reflects the overall level of inherent risk involved in its reporting unit operations and the rate of return a market participant would expect to earn. The quantitative fair value test is performed utilizing long-term growth rates and discount rates applied to the estimated cash flows in estimation of fair value. To estimate
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cash flows beyond the final year of its model, the Company estimates a terminal value by applying an in-perpetuity growth assumption and discount factor to determine the reporting unit’s terminal value.
To forecast a reporting unit’s cash flows the Company takes into consideration economic conditions and trends, estimated future operating results, management’s and a market participant’s view of growth rates and product lives, and anticipates future economic conditions. Revenue growth rates inherent in these forecasts are based on input from internal and external market research that compare factors such as growth in global economies, recent industry trends and product life-cycles. Macroeconomic factors such as changes in economies, changes in the competitive landscape including the unexpected loss of exclusivity to the Company’s product portfolio, changes in government legislation, product life-cycles, industry consolidations and other changes beyond the Company’s control could have a positive or negative impact on achieving its targets. Accordingly, if market conditions deteriorate, or if the Company is unable to execute its strategies, it may be necessary to record impairment charges in the future and such charges could be material.
2022
March 31, 2022 Interim Assessment
During the three months ended March 31, 2022, macroeconomic factors had impacted interest rates and the U.S. inflation rate was higher than previously expected. Given the limited headroom of the Dermatology (formerly Ortho Dermatologics) reporting unit as calculated on October 1, 2021, the Company believed that these facts and circumstances suggested the fair value of the Dermatology reporting unit could be less than its carrying amount, and therefore a quantitative fair value test was performed for the reporting unit.
The quantitative fair value test utilized the Company’s most recent cash flow projections as revised in the fourth quarter of 2022 which reflected current market conditions and current trends in business performance. The quantitative fair value test utilized a long-term growth rate of 1% and a discount rate of 9%. The discount rate contemplated changes in the current macroeconomic conditions noting certain inputs such as the risk-free rate increased over the three months ended March 31, 2022, and was offset by decreases in other reporting unit specific risks during the same period. Based on the quantitative fair value test, the fair value of the Dermatology reporting unit was less than 2% greater than its carrying value and as a result there was no impairment to the goodwill of the reporting unit.
June 30, 2022 Interim Assessment
Dermatology
During the three months ended June 30, 2022, increases in interest rates and, to a lesser extent, higher than expected inflation in the U.S. and other macroeconomic factors impacted key assumptions used to value the Dermatology reporting unit as of March 31, 2022. Given the limited headroom of the Dermatology reporting unit as calculated on March 31, 2022, the Company believed that these facts and circumstances suggested the fair value of the Dermatology reporting unit could be less than its carrying amount, and therefore a quantitative fair value test was performed for the reporting unit.
The quantitative fair value test utilized the Company’s most recent cash flow projections for the Dermatology reporting unit as revised in the second quarter of 2022 which reflected current market conditions and current trends in business performance. The Company’s discounted cash flow model for the Dermatology reporting unit included a range of potential outcomes for, among other matters, macroeconomic factors such as higher than expected inflation for many commodities, volatility in many of the equity markets and pressures on market interest rates. The quantitative fair value test utilized a long-term growth rate of 1% and a discount rate of 10%. The discount rate had increased 1% since the assessment performed as of March 31, 2022, as a result of changes in macroeconomic conditions, including an increase in the risk-free rate during the three months ended June 30, 2022. Based on the quantitative fair value test, the carrying value of the Dermatology reporting unit exceeded its fair value as of June 30, 2022, and the Company recognized a goodwill impairment of $83 million.
Bausch + Lomb Reporting Units
During the period May 6, 2022 (the date Bausch + Lomb’s stock began trading publicly) through June 30, 2022, equity and bond markets were negatively impacted by various macroeconomic and geopolitical factors including, but not limited to: rising inflation rates in the U.S. and abroad, uncertainties created by the Russia/Ukraine conflict, interest rate volatility, COVID-19 related lockdowns and supply issues. The equity markets negatively impacted the market price for Bausch + Lomb’s common stock which as of June 30, 2022 was trading below its IPO offering price. The Company believed that these facts and circumstances suggest the fair value of the three reporting units of the Bausch + Lomb segment could be less than their respective carrying amounts. Therefore, separate quantitative fair value tests were performed for the Vision Care, Surgical and Ophthalmic reporting units of the Bausch + Lomb segment.
The quantitative fair value tests utilized the Company’s most recent cash flow projections for each of its reporting units as revised in the second quarter of 2022 which reflected current market conditions and current trends in business performance.
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The quantitative fair value tests utilized long-term growth rates of 2% and 3% and discount rates of 9.0% and 11.5%. After completing the testing, the fair value of each of these reporting units exceeded their respective carrying values by more than 25%, and, therefore, there was no impairment to goodwill.
September 30, 2022 Interim Assessment
Dermatology
During the third quarter of 2022, the Company continued to monitor the market conditions impacting the Dermatology reporting unit. Continued increases in interest rates and, to a lesser extent, higher than expected inflation in the U.S. and other macroeconomic factors impacted key assumptions used to value the Dermatology reporting unit at June 30, 2022. Based on the impairment of goodwill recognized in the second quarter of 2022 for the Dermatology reporting unit, the reporting unit had no headroom as calculated on June 30, 2022, and as such, the Company believed that these facts and circumstances suggested the fair value of the Dermatology reporting unit could be less than its carrying amount, and therefore a quantitative fair value test was performed for the reporting unit.
The quantitative fair value test utilized the Company’s most recent cash flow projections for the Dermatology reporting unit as revised in the third quarter of 2022 which reflected current market conditions and current trends in business performance. The Company’s discounted cash flow model for the Dermatology reporting unit includes, among other matters, volatility in many of the equity markets and pressures on market interest rates and macroeconomic factors such as changes in inflation for many commodities. The quantitative fair value test utilized a long-term growth rate of 1% and the discount rate increased from 10.0% at June 30, 2022 to 10.5% at September 30, 2022, which reflects the increases in market interest rates. Based on the quantitative fair value test, the carrying value of the Dermatology reporting unit exceeded its fair value at September 30, 2022, and the Company recognized a goodwill impairment of $119 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. As of September 30, 2022, the Dermatology reporting unit had remaining goodwill of $480 million.
Salix
On August 10, 2022, the Norwich Legal Decision was issued that held, among other matters, that certain U.S. Patents protecting the composition and use of Xifaxan® for treating IBS-D were invalid. On August 16, 2022, the Company appealed the Norwich Legal Decision and intends to vigorously defend its Xifaxan® intellectual property. See “Xifaxan® Paragraph IV Proceedings” of Note 17, “LEGAL PROCEEDINGS” for details of this litigation matter and the Company’s response.
Xifaxan® revenues represent approximately 80% of the Salix reporting unit’s revenue. The ultimate outcome of the Norwich Legal Decision and other potential future related developments, including a competitor’s ability to launch a successful generic version to Xifaxan®, could impact the timing and extent of future revenues and cash flows associated with Xifaxan®. As such, the Company believes that the uncertainty of the possible outcomes of the Norwich Legal Decision and the potential impact on Xifaxan® revenues are indicators that the Salix reporting unit’s fair value could be less than its carrying amount, and therefore a quantitative fair value test was performed for the reporting unit.
The Company performed its quantitative fair value test using a probability-weighted discounted cash flow analysis, with a base case representing the Company’s most recent cash flow projections as revised in the third quarter of 2022, as well as different scenarios representing a range of different outcomes which address, among other things, the range of possible outcomes of the Norwich Legal Decision and the timing of when a competitor or competitors could be able to successfully launch a generic version of Xifaxan®, if they are able to launch one at all. The forecasted cash flows under each set of outcomes were discounted utilizing a long-term growth rate of 2.5% and discount rates of 9.75% and 10.0%. The Company assigned a probability weighting to each scenario reflecting its best estimate of likelihood of the outcome resulting in each scenario, and calculated a weighted average of the valuations derived from the discounted cash flows under each scenario using this probability weighting.
As of September 30, 2022, the carrying value of the Salix reporting unit was less than its fair value as determined by the Company’s probability-weighted discount valuation model and therefore no impairment was recorded as of September 30, 2022. However, as the Company’s probability-weighted discount valuation includes certain scenarios under which the Company does not retain market exclusivity for Xifaxan® through January 2028, these probability-weighted fair values of the Salix reporting unit exceeded its carrying value by less than 5%.
During the interim periods of 2022, no events occurred, or circumstances changed during the period October 1, 2021 (the date of the last annual impairment test) through September 30, 2022, that indicated that the fair value of any reporting unit, other than the Dermatology reporting unit, the Salix reporting unit and the reporting units of the Bausch + Lomb segment, might be below their respective carrying values.
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2022 Annual Impairment Test
The Company’s annual goodwill impairment test as of October 1, 2022, included performing separate quantitative fair value tests for the Neurology and Other reporting unit and the Vision Care, Surgical and Ophthalmic reporting units of the Bausch + Lomb segment. For its remaining reporting units, the Company conducted its annual goodwill impairment test as of October 1, 2022, by first assessing qualitative factors. Based on its qualitative assessment as of October 1, 2022, management believed that, it was more likely than not that the carrying amounts of its remaining reporting units were less than their respective fair values and therefore concluded that a quantitative fair value test for those reporting units was not required.
Neurology and Other
The Neurology and Other reporting unit operates in the United States, where shifting market dynamics, including changes in payer demands, health care legislation, and other regulations are contributing to increasing pressure for the reduction of healthcare costs, through both pricing of pharmaceutical products and/or directing patients to lower cost unbranded generic products. The nature of the Neurology and Other reporting unit’s product portfolio, which includes branded generic pharmaceuticals, is by its nature impacted by these changing market dynamics. As a result, the Company has begun taking steps to: (i) reassess its pricing strategies, (ii) re-evaluate its marketing and promotional efforts and (iii) reduce its cost structure, and has revised its long-term forecasts for the Neurology and Other reporting unit to reflect these developments.
The quantitative fair value test for the Neurology and Other reporting unit utilized the most recent cash flow projections for the reporting unit as revised in the fourth quarter of 2022 to reflect current market conditions and current trends in business performance. The quantitative assessment utilized a long-term growth rate of -2.5% and a discount rate of 10.25% in the estimation of the reporting unit’s fair value. As a result of the revisions to its long-term expectations for these and other factors, goodwill for the Neurology and Other reporting unit was impaired during the Company’s most recent annual impairment test reflecting its best estimate at that time of the outlook and risks of this business. Based on the quantitative fair value test, the carrying value of the Neurology and Other reporting unit exceeded its fair value as of October 1, 2022, and the Company recognized a goodwill impairment of $622 million. As of December 31, 2022, the Neurology and Other reporting unit had remaining goodwill of $1,439 million.
Bausch + Lomb Reporting Units
The quantitative fair value test for the Vision Care, Surgical and Ophthalmic reporting units of the Bausch + Lomb segment utilized the most recent cash flow projections for each of the reporting units as revised in the fourth quarter of 2022 which reflected current market conditions and current trends in business performance. The quantitative assessment utilized long-term growth rates of 2.0% and 3.0% and discount rates of 9.50% and 12.25% in estimation of the fair value of the reporting units. After completing the testing, the fair value of each of these reporting units exceeded its respective carrying value by more than 25% and, therefore, there was no impairment to goodwill.
December 31, 2022
During the period October 1, 2022 through December 31, 2022, the Company continued to monitor the market conditions and trends in business performance for all its reporting units, particularly as they pertain to the Dermatology and Salix reporting units, and determined that, no events occurred, or circumstances changed that would indicate that the fair value of any reporting unit might be below its carrying value. However, if market conditions deteriorate, or if the Company is unable to execute its strategies, it may be necessary to record impairment charges in the future and any such charges could be material.
Dermatology
As a result of the impairment of goodwill in the third quarter of 2022, the Dermatology reporting unit had no headroom on September 30, 2022, and as such, the Company continued to monitor the market conditions impacting the Dermatology reporting unit during the period October 1, 2022 through December 31, 2022.
During the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company evaluated the reporting unit’s performance as well as its revised long-term forecasts in light of current market conditions, current trends in business performance and the expected impacts of management’s latest business strategies. This evaluation supported management’s previous expectations for long-term business performance. Additionally, based on corporate bond rates as of December 31, 2022, the Company concluded that discount rates would not have increased during the fourth quarter as compared to the discount rate used in determining the fair value of the reporting unit as of September 30, 2022. Based on these factors, management concluded that it was more likely than not that the carrying value of its Dermatology reporting unit was less than its fair value and therefore, concluded a quantitative assessment was not required during the quarter ended December 31, 2022.
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Salix
Based on the quantitative fair value testing performed in the third quarter of 2022, the Salix reporting unit had limited headroom as of September 30, 2022 and, as such, the Company continued to monitor the potential impacts of changes in the Norwich Legal Decision and market conditions on the valuation of the Salix reporting unit during the period October 1, 2022 through December 31, 2022.
Through December 31, 2022, there were no material changes in the facts and circumstances of the Norwich Legal Decision, including management’s assessment as to a competitor’s ability to launch a successful generic version to Xifaxan® prior to January 2028, if they are able to launch one at all. The Company also evaluated the reporting unit’s performance in the fourth quarter as well as its revised long-term forecasts in light of current market conditions, current trends in business performance and the expected impacts of management’s latest business strategies. This evaluation supported management’s previous expectations for long-term business performance. Additionally, based on corporate bond rates as of December 31, 2022, the Company concluded that discount rates would not have increased during the fourth quarter as compared to the discount rates used in determining the fair value of the reporting unit as of September 30, 2022. Based on these factors, management concluded that it was more likely than not that the carrying value of its Salix reporting unit was less than its fair value and therefore, concluded a quantitative assessment was not required during the quarter ended December 31, 2022.
March 31, 2023 Interim Assessment
During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company continued to monitor the market conditions and trends in business performance for all its reporting units, particularly as they pertain to the Dermatology, Neurology and Other, and Salix reporting units, and determined that, no events occurred, or circumstances changed that would indicate that the fair value of any reporting unit might be below its carrying value. However, if market conditions deteriorate, or if the Company is unable to execute its strategies, it may be necessary to record impairment charges in the future and any such charges could be material.
Accumulated goodwill impairment charges through March 31, 2023 were $5,004 million.
9.ACCRUED AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accrued and other current liabilities consist of:

(in millions) |  | March 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Product rebates |  | $ | 914 |  |  | $ | 983 |
Product returns |  | 429 |  |  | 427 |
Legal matters and related fees |  | 326 |  |  | 326 |
Employee compensation and benefit costs |  | 260 |  |  | 300 |
Interest |  | 208 |  |  | 208 |
Income taxes payable |  | 46 |  |  | 30 |
Other |  | 733 |  |  | 714 |
|  | $ | 2,916 |  |  | $ | 2,988 |

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10.FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS
Principal amounts of debt obligations and principal amounts of debt obligations net of premiums, discounts and issuance costs consist of the following:

|  |  |  | March 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
(in millions) |  | Maturity |  | Principal Amount |  | Net of Premiums, Discounts and Issuance Costs |  | Principal Amount |  | Net of Premiums, Discounts and Issuance Costs
Senior Secured Credit Facilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2022 Amended Credit Agreement |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2027 Revolving Credit Facility |  | February 2027 |  | $ | 395 |  |  | $ | 395 |  |  | $ | 470 |  |  | $ | 470 |
February 2027 Term Loan B Facility |  | February 2027 |  | 2,406 |  |  | 2,363 |  |  | 2,437 |  |  | 2,392 |
B+L Credit Facilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
B+L Revolving Credit Facility |  | May 2027 |  | 100 |  |  | 100 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
B+L Term Facility |  | May 2027 |  | 2,481 |  |  | 2,436 |  |  | 2,488 |  |  | 2,439 |
Senior Secured Notes: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
5.50% Secured Notes |  | November 2025 |  | 1,680 |  |  | 1,673 |  |  | 1,680 |  |  | 1,672 |
6.125% Secured Notes |  | February 2027 |  | 1,000 |  |  | 988 |  |  | 1,000 |  |  | 987 |
5.75% Secured Notes |  | August 2027 |  | 500 |  |  | 496 |  |  | 500 |  |  | 496 |
4.875% Secured Notes |  | June 2028 |  | 1,600 |  |  | 1,584 |  |  | 1,600 |  |  | 1,583 |
11.00% First Lien Secured Notes |  | September 2028 |  | 1,774 |  |  | 2,740 |  |  | 1,774 |  |  | 2,826 |
14.00% Second Lien Secured Notes |  | October 2030 |  | 352 |  |  | 711 |  |  | 352 |  |  | 711 |
9.00% Intermediate Holdco Secured Notes |  | January 2028 |  | 999 |  |  | 1,397 |  |  | 999 |  |  | 1,423 |
Senior Unsecured Notes: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
9.00% |  | December 2025 |  | 959 |  |  | 952 |  |  | 959 |  |  | 951 |
9.25% |  | April 2026 |  | 741 |  |  | 737 |  |  | 741 |  |  | 737 |
8.50% |  | January 2027 |  | 643 |  |  | 644 |  |  | 643 |  |  | 644 |
7.00% |  | January 2028 |  | 171 |  |  | 170 |  |  | 171 |  |  | 170 |
5.00% |  | January 2028 |  | 433 |  |  | 430 |  |  | 433 |  |  | 429 |
6.25% |  | February 2029 |  | 821 |  |  | 813 |  |  | 821 |  |  | 813 |
5.00% |  | February 2029 |  | 452 |  |  | 448 |  |  | 452 |  |  | 448 |
7.25% |  | May 2029 |  | 337 |  |  | 334 |  |  | 337 |  |  | 334 |
5.25% |  | January 2030 |  | 779 |  |  | 772 |  |  | 779 |  |  | 771 |
5.25% |  | February 2031 |  | 462 |  |  | 458 |  |  | 462 |  |  | 458 |
Other |  | Various |  | 12 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 12 |
Total long-term debt and other |  |  |  | $ | 19,097 |  |  | 20,653 |  |  | $ | 19,110 |  |  | 20,766 |
Less: Current portion of long-term debt and other |  |  |  | 446 |  |  |  |  | 432 |
Non-current portion of long-term debt |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 20,207 |  |  |  |  | $ | 20,334 |

Covenant Compliance
The Senior Secured Credit Facilities (as defined below), the B+L Credit Facilities (as defined below) and the indentures governing the Senior Secured Notes (as defined and described in the table above), the 9.00% Intermediate Holdco Secured Notes (as defined below) and Senior Unsecured Notes (as defined and described in the table above) contain customary affirmative and negative covenants and specified events of default. These affirmative and negative covenants include, among other things, and subject to certain qualifications and exceptions, covenants that restrict the Company’s ability and the ability of its subsidiaries to: incur or guarantee additional indebtedness; create or permit liens on assets; pay dividends on capital stock or redeem, repurchase or retire capital stock or subordinated indebtedness; make certain investments and other restricted payments; engage in mergers, acquisitions, consolidations and amalgamations; transfer and sell certain assets; and engage in transactions with affiliates. As of March 31, 2023, the amount available for restricted payments under the “builder basket” in the Company’s most restrictive indentures (as defined by those indentures) was approximately $9,700 million (although such availability is subject to the Company’s compliance with a 2.00:1.00 fixed charge coverage ratio). The 2027 Revolving Credit Facility (as defined below) also contains a financial maintenance covenant that, requires the Company to
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maintain a first lien net leverage ratio of not greater than 4.00:1.00. The financial maintenance covenant may be waived or amended without the consent of the term loan facility lenders and contains a customary term loan facility standstill.
As of March 31, 2023, the Company was in compliance with its financial maintenance covenant related to its debt obligations. The Company, based on its current forecast for the next twelve months from the date of issuance of these financial statements, expects to remain in compliance with its financial maintenance covenant and meet its debt service obligations over that same period.
The Company continues to take steps to ensure compliance with its financial maintenance covenant and may take other actions to reduce its debt levels to align with the Company’s long-term strategy, including divesting other businesses, refinancing debt and issuing equity or equity-linked securities as deemed appropriate.
Exchange Offer
On September 30, 2022, the Company closed a series of transactions whereby it exchanged (the “Exchange Offer”) validly tendered senior unsecured notes with an aggregate outstanding principal balance of $5,594 million as set forth in the table below (collectively, the “Existing Unsecured Senior Notes”) for $3,125 million in aggregate principal balance of newly issued secured notes, a reduction of outstanding principal of $2,469 million.
The secured notes issued in the Exchange Offer consist of: (i) $1,774 million in aggregate principal amount of new 11.00% First Lien Secured Notes due 2028 (the “11.00% First Lien Secured Notes”) issued by the Company, (ii) $352 million in aggregate principal amount of new 14.00% Second Lien Secured Notes due 2030 (the “14.00% Second Lien Secured Notes” and, together with the 11.00% First Lien Secured Notes, the “New BHC Secured Notes”) issued by the Company and (iii) $999 million in aggregate principal amount of new 9.00% Senior Secured Notes due 2028 (the “9.00% Intermediate Holdco Secured Notes” and, together with the New BHC Secured Notes, the “New Secured Notes”) issued by 1375209 B.C. Ltd. (“Intermediate Holdco”), an existing indirect wholly-owned unrestricted subsidiary of the Company that holds 38.6% of the issued and outstanding common shares of Bausch + Lomb.
The Company performed an assessment of the Exchange Offer and determined that it met the criteria to be accounted for as a troubled debt restructuring under Accounting Standards Codification 470-60. For each series of the Existing Unsecured Senior Notes exchanged, the undiscounted cash flows associated with the New Secured Notes issued were compared to the carrying value of the Existing Unsecured Senior Notes exchanged for such New Secured Notes and the applicable exchange was accounted for as follows: (i) to the extent the undiscounted cash flows of the New Secured Notes in question were lower than the carrying value of the applicable Existing Unsecured Senior Notes exchanged, the carrying value of the applicable New Secured Notes was established at the total of these undiscounted cash flows, with a gain recorded for the remaining difference between this value and the carrying value of the applicable Existing Senior Unsecured Notes (as such, no interest expense will be recorded for the applicable New Secured Notes prospectively) and (ii) to the extent the undiscounted cash flows of the New Secured Notes in question exceeded the carrying value of the applicable Existing Unsecured Senior Notes exchanged, the carrying value of the applicable New Secured Notes was established at the carrying value of the applicable Existing Senior Unsecured Notes, and the Company established new effective interest rates based on the carrying value of the applicable Existing Unsecured Senior Notes prior to the Exchange Offer.
The difference between the principal amount of the New Secured Notes and their carrying value was recorded as a premium and is included in long-term debt on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The premium recorded on the New Secured Notes was $1,835 million, which will be reduced as contractual interest payments are made on the New Secured Notes. During the first quarter of 2023, the Company made contractual interest payments of $128 million related to the New Secured Notes, of which $111 million was recorded as a reduction of the premium.
Senior Secured Credit Facilities
Senior Secured Credit Facilities under the 2018 Restated Credit Agreement
On June 1, 2018, the Company and certain of its subsidiaries as guarantors entered into the “Senior Secured Credit Facilities” under the Company’s Fourth Amended and Restated Credit and Guaranty Agreement, as amended by the First Incremental Amendment to the Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of November 27, 2018 (the “2018 Restated Credit Agreement”). Prior to the 2022 Amended Credit Agreement (as defined below), the 2018 Restated Credit Agreement provided for a revolving credit facility of $1,225 million (the “2023 Revolving Credit Facility”) and term loan facilities of original principal amounts of $4,565 million and $1,500 million, maturing in June 2025 (the “June 2025 Term Loan B Facility”) and November 2025 (the “November 2025 Term Loan B Facility”), respectively.
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Senior Secured Credit Facilities under the 2022 Amended Credit Agreement
On May 10, 2022, the Company and certain of its subsidiaries as guarantors entered into a Second Amendment (the “Second Amendment”) to the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit and Guaranty Agreement (as amended by the Second Amendment, the “2022 Amended Credit Agreement”). The 2022 Amended Credit Agreement provides for a new term loan facility with an aggregate principal amount of $2,500 million (the “2027 Term Loan B Facility”) maturing on February 1, 2027 and a new revolving credit facility of $975 million (the “2027 Revolving Credit Facility”) that will mature on the earlier of February 1, 2027 and the date that is 91 calendar days prior to the scheduled maturity of indebtedness for borrowed money of the Company and Bausch Health Americas, Inc. (“BHA”) in an aggregate principal amount in excess of $1,000 million. Borrowings under the 2027 Revolving Credit Facility can be made in U.S. dollars, Canadian dollars or Euros. After giving effect to the Second Amendment, the 2023 Revolving Credit Facility, June 2025 Term Loan B Facility and November 2025 Term Loan B Facility were refinanced (such refinancing, the “Credit Agreement Refinancing”), along with certain of the Company’s existing senior notes, using net proceeds from the borrowings under the 2027 Term Loan B Facility, the B+L IPO and the B+L Debt Financing (as defined below) and available cash on hand. As of March 31, 2023, the Company had drawn $395 million and had $23 million of issued and outstanding letters of credit on the 2027 Revolving Credit Facility.
Borrowings under the 2027 Term Loan B Facility bear interest at a rate per annum equal to, at the Company’s option, either: (a) a forward-looking term rate determined by reference to the financing rate for borrowing U.S. dollars overnight collateralized by U.S. Treasury securities (“term SOFR rate”) for the interest period relevant to such borrowing or (b) a base rate determined by reference to the highest of: (i) the prime rate (as defined in the 2022 Amended Credit Agreement), (ii) the federal funds effective rate plus 1/2 of 1.00% and (iii) the term SOFR rate for a period of one month plus 1.00% (or if such rate shall not be ascertainable, 1.50%) (provided, however that the term SOFR rate with respect to the 2027 Term Loan B Facility shall at no time be less than 0.50% per annum), in each case, plus an applicable margin.
Borrowings under the 2027 Revolving Credit Facility in: (i) U.S. dollars bear interest at a rate per annum equal to, at the Company’s option, either: (a) the term SOFR rate (subject to a floor of 0.00% per annum) or (b) a U.S. dollar base rate, (ii) Canadian dollars bear interest at a rate per annum equal to, at the Company’s option, either: (a) a Canadian dollar offer rate or (b) a Canadian dollar prime and (iii) euros bear interest at a rate per annum equal to a term benchmark rate determined by reference to the cost of funds for euro deposits (“EURIBOR”) for the interest period relevant to such borrowing (subject to a floor of 0.00% per annum), in each case, plus an applicable margin. Term SOFR rate loans are subject to a credit spread adjustment ranging from 0.10%-0.25%.
The applicable interest rate margin for borrowings under the 2027 Term Loan B Facility is 5.25% for term SOFR rate loans and 4.25% for U.S. dollar base rate loans. The applicable interest rate margin for borrowings under the 2027 Revolving Credit Facility ranges from 4.75% to 5.25% for term SOFR rate loans, BA rate loans and EURIBOR loans and 3.75% to 4.25% for U.S. dollar base rate loans and Canadian prime rate loans.
In addition, the Company is required to pay commitment fees of 0.25%-0.50% per annum with respect to the unutilized commitments under the 2027 Revolving Credit Facility, payable quarterly in arrears. The Company also is required to pay: (i) letter of credit fees on the maximum amount available to be drawn under all outstanding letters of credit in an amount equal to the applicable margin on term SOFR rate borrowings under the 2027 Revolving Credit Facility on a per annum basis, payable quarterly in arrears, (ii) customary fronting fees for the issuance of letters of credit and (iii) agency fees.
Subject to certain exceptions and customary baskets set forth in the 2022 Amended Credit Agreement, the Company is required to make mandatory prepayments of the loans under the Senior Secured Credit Facilities under certain circumstances, including from: (i) 100% of the net cash proceeds of insurance and condemnation proceeds for property or asset losses (subject to reinvestment rights and net proceeds thresholds), (ii) 100% of the net cash proceeds from the incurrence of debt (other than permitted debt as described in the 2022 Amended Credit Agreement), (iii) 50% of Excess Cash Flow (as defined in the 2022 Amended Credit Agreement) subject to decrease based on leverage ratios and subject to a threshold amount and (iv) 100% of net cash proceeds from asset sales (subject to reinvestment rights and net proceeds thresholds). These mandatory prepayments may be used to satisfy future amortization.
The amortization rate for the 2027 Term Loan B Facility is 5.00% per annum, or $125 million, payable in quarterly installments beginning on September 30, 2022. The Company may direct that prepayments be applied to such amortization payments in order of maturity. As of March 31, 2023, the remaining mandatory quarterly amortization payments for the 2027 Term Loan B Facility were $469 million through December 2026.
The 2022 Amended Credit Agreement permits the incurrence of incremental credit facility borrowings up to the greater of $1,000 million and 40% of Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA (non-GAAP) (as defined in the 2022 Amended Credit Agreement), subject to customary terms and conditions, as well as the incurrence of additional incremental credit facility borrowings subject to, in the case of secured debt, a secured leverage ratio of not greater than 3.50:1.00, and, in the case of
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unsecured debt, either a total leverage ratio of not greater than 6.50:1.00 or an interest coverage ratio of not less than 2.00:1.00.
The 2022 Amended Credit Agreement provides that Bausch + Lomb shall initially be a “restricted” subsidiary subject to the terms of the 2022 Amended Credit Agreement covenants, but does not require Bausch + Lomb to guarantee the obligations under the 2022 Amended Credit Agreement. The 2022 Amended Credit Agreement permits the Company to designate Bausch + Lomb as an “unrestricted” subsidiary under the 2022 Amended Credit Agreement and no longer subject to the terms of the covenants thereunder provided that no event of default is continuing or will result from such designation and the total leverage ratio of Remainco (as defined in the 2022 Amended Credit Agreement) will not be greater than 7.60:1.00 on a pro forma basis. The Credit Agreement Refinancing contains provisions that were designed to facilitate the B+L Separation.
On November 29, 2022, the Company designated 1261229 B.C. Ltd., the entity that directly or indirectly holds approximately 89% of the issued and outstanding shares of Bausch + Lomb, as an unrestricted subsidiary of the Company in accordance with the terms of the Company’s debt documents. In connection therewith, all of the subsidiaries of 1261229 B.C. Ltd., including Bausch + Lomb and its subsidiaries, are unrestricted subsidiaries of the Company and, as a result, are not subject to the covenants under the Bausch Health debt documents, and the earnings and debt of Bausch + Lomb, as defined in the relevant debt documents, are also not included in the calculation of the Company’s financial maintenance covenant.
Senior Secured Credit Facilities under the B+L Credit Agreement
On May 10, 2022, Bausch + Lomb entered into a credit agreement (the “B+L Credit Agreement”, and the credit facilities thereunder, the “B+L Credit Facilities”) providing for a term loan of $2,500 million with a five-year term to maturity (the “B+L Term Facility”) and a five-year revolving credit facility of $500 million (the “B+L Revolving Credit Facility” and such financing, the “B+L Debt Financing”). The B+L Credit Facilities are secured by substantially all of the assets of Bausch + Lomb and its material, wholly-owned Canadian, U.S., Dutch and Irish subsidiaries, subject to certain exceptions. The term loan is denominated in U.S. dollars, and borrowings under the revolving credit facility will be made available in U.S. dollars, euros, pounds sterling and Canadian dollars. As of March 31, 2023, the B+L Revolving Credit Facility had $100 million of outstanding borrowings, $24 million of issued and outstanding letters of credit and remaining availability of $376 million under its Revolving Credit Facility.
The B+L Revolving Credit Facility is a source of funding for Bausch + Lomb and its subsidiaries only. Absent the payment of a dividend, which would be determined by the Board of Directors of Bausch + Lomb and paid pro rata to Bausch + Lomb’s shareholders, proceeds from the B+L Revolving Credit Facility are not available to fund the operations, investing and financing activities of any other subsidiaries of Bausch Health.
Borrowings under the B+L Revolving Credit Facility in: (i) U.S. dollars bear interest at a rate per annum equal to, at Bausch + Lomb’s option, either: (a) a term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”)-based rate or (b) a U.S. dollar base rate, (ii) Canadian dollars bear interest at a rate per annum equal to, at Bausch + Lomb’s option, either: (a) a Canadian Dollar Offered Rate (“CDOR”) or (b) a Canadian dollar prime rate, (iii) euros bear interest at a rate per annum equal to EURIBOR and (iv) pounds sterling bear interest at a rate per annum equal to Sterling Overnight Index Average (“SONIA”) (provided, however, that the term SOFR-based rate, CDOR, EURIBOR and SONIA shall be no less than 0.00% per annum at any time and the U.S. dollar base rate and the Canadian dollar prime rate shall be no less than 1.00% per annum at any time), in each case, plus an applicable margin. Term SOFR-based loans are subject to a credit spread adjustment of 0.10%.
The applicable interest rate margins for borrowings under the B+L Revolving Credit Facility are: (i) between 0.75% to 1.75% with respect to U.S. dollar base rate or Canadian dollar prime rate borrowings and between 1.75% to 2.75% with respect to SOFR, EURIBOR, SONIA or CDOR borrowings based on Bausch + Lomb’s total net leverage ratio and (ii) after: (x) Bausch + Lomb’s senior unsecured non-credit-enhanced long term indebtedness for borrowed money receives an investment grade rating from at least two of Standard & Poor’s, Moody’s and Fitch and (y) the B+L Term Facility has been repaid in full in cash (the “IG Trigger”), between 0.015% to 0.475% with respect to U.S. dollar base rate or Canadian dollar prime rate borrowings and between 1.015% to 1.475% with respect to SOFR, EURIBOR, SONIA or CDOR borrowings based on Bausch + Lomb’s debt rating. In addition, Bausch + Lomb is required to pay commitment fees of 0.25% per annum in respect of the unutilized commitments under the B+L Revolving Credit Facility, payable quarterly in arrears until the IG Trigger and a facility fee between 0.110% to 0.275% of the total revolving commitments, whether used or unused, based on Bausch + Lomb’s debt rating and payable quarterly in arrears. Bausch + Lomb is also required to pay letter of credit fees on the maximum amount available to be drawn under all outstanding letters of credit in an amount equal to the applicable margin on SOFR borrowings under the B+L Revolving Credit Facility on a per annum basis, payable quarterly in arrears, as well as customary fronting fees for the issuance of letters of credit and agency fees.
Borrowings under the B+L Term Facility bear interest at a rate per annum equal to, at Bausch + Lomb’s option, either (i) a term SOFR-based rate, plus an applicable margin of 3.25% or (ii) a U.S. dollar base rate, plus an applicable margin of 2.25% (provided, however, that the term SOFR-based rate shall be no less than 0.50% per annum at any time and the U.S. dollar
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base rate shall not be lower than 1.50% per annum at any time). Term SOFR-based loans are subject to a credit spread adjustment of 0.10%. The stated rate of interest under the Term Facility at March 31, 2023 was 8.46% per annum.
Subject to certain exceptions and customary baskets set forth in the B+L Credit Agreement, Bausch + Lomb is required to make mandatory prepayments of the loans under the B+L Term Facility under certain circumstances, including from: (i) 100% of the net cash proceeds of insurance and condemnation proceeds for property or asset losses (subject to reinvestment rights, decrease based on leverage ratios and net proceeds threshold), (ii) 100% of the net cash proceeds from the incurrence of debt (other than permitted debt as described in the B+L Credit Agreement), (iii) 50% of Excess Cash Flow (as defined in the B+L Credit Agreement) subject to decrease based on leverage ratios and subject to a threshold amount and (iv) 100% of net cash proceeds from asset sales (subject to reinvestment rights, decrease based on leverage ratios and net proceeds threshold). These mandatory prepayments may be used to satisfy future amortization.
The amortization rate for the B+L Term Facility is 1.00% per annum, or $25 million, and the first quarterly installment was paid on September 30, 2022. Bausch + Lomb may direct that prepayments be applied to such amortization payments in order of maturity. As of March 31, 2023, the remaining mandatory quarterly amortization payments for the B+L Term Facility were $100 million through March 2027, with the remaining term loan balance being due in May 2027.
Senior Secured Notes
The Senior Secured Notes are guaranteed by each of the Company’s subsidiaries that is a guarantor under the 2022 Amended Credit Agreement and existing Senior Unsecured Notes (together, the “Note Guarantors”). In connection with the closing of the B+L IPO, the redemption of the Company’s 6.125% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2025 (the “April 2025 Unsecured Notes”) (as discussed below) and the related release in respect of the 2018 Restated Credit Agreement, the guarantees and related security provided by Bausch + Lomb and its subsidiaries in respect of the existing senior notes of the Company and BHA were released.
The Senior Secured Notes and the guarantees related thereto are senior obligations and are secured, subject to permitted liens and certain other exceptions, by the same first priority liens that secure the Company’s obligations under the 2022 Amended Credit Agreement under the terms of the indentures governing the Senior Secured Notes.
The Senior Secured Notes and the guarantees rank equally in right of repayment with all of the Company’s and Note Guarantors’ respective existing and future unsubordinated indebtedness and senior to the Company’s and Note Guarantors’ respective future subordinated indebtedness. The Senior Secured Notes and the guarantees related thereto are effectively pari passu with the Company’s and the Note Guarantors’ respective existing and future indebtedness secured by a first priority lien on the collateral securing the Senior Secured Notes and effectively senior to the Company’s and the Note Guarantors’ respective existing and future indebtedness that is unsecured, including the existing Senior Unsecured Notes, or that is secured by junior liens, in each case to the extent of the value of the collateral. In addition, the Senior Secured Notes are structurally subordinated to: (i) all liabilities of any of the Company’s subsidiaries that do not guarantee the Senior Secured Notes and (ii) any of the Company’s debt that is secured by assets that are not collateral.
Upon the occurrence of a change in control (as defined in the indentures governing the Senior Secured Notes), unless the Company has exercised its right to redeem all of the notes of a series, holders of the Senior Secured Notes may require the Company to repurchase such holder’s notes, in whole or in part, at a purchase price equal to 101% of the principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest.
6.125% Senior Secured Notes due 2027 - February 2022 Financing
On February 10, 2022, the Company issued $1,000 million aggregate principal amount of 6.125% Senior Secured Notes due February 2027 (the “February 2027 Secured Notes”). The proceeds from the February 2027 Secured Notes, along with proceeds from the B+L IPO, the 2027 Term Loans and the B+L Debt Financing and cash on hand, were used to redeem the April 2025 Unsecured Notes and the Credit Agreement Refinancing as discussed below. The February 2027 Secured Notes accrue interest at a rate of 6.125% per year, payable semi-annually in arrears on each February and August.
The February 2027 Secured Notes are redeemable at the option of the Company, in whole or in part, at any time on or after February 2024, at the redemption prices set forth in the indenture. The Company may redeem some or all of the February 2027 Secured Notes prior to February 2024 at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount thereof plus a “make-whole” premium. Prior to February 2024, the Company may redeem up to 40% of the aggregate principal amount of the February 2027 Secured Notes using the proceeds of certain equity offerings at the redemption price set forth in the indenture.
New BHC Secured Notes
The 11.00% First Lien Secured Notes mature on September 30, 2028, and have a stated interest of 11.00% per year that is payable semi-annually in arrears on each March 30 and September 30. The 11.00% First Lien Secured Notes are redeemable, in whole or in part, at any time at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest to,
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but not including, the date of redemption plus a “make-whole” premium as described in the 11.00% First Lien Secured Notes indenture.
The 14.00% Second Lien Secured Notes mature on October 15, 2030, and have a stated interest of 14.00% per year that is payable semi-annually in arrears on each April 15 and October 15. The 14.00% Second Lien Secured Notes will be redeemable, in whole or in part, at any time on or after October 15, 2025 at the applicable redemption prices set forth in the 14.00% Second Lien Secured Notes indenture. In addition, some or all of the 14.00% Second Lien Secured Notes may be redeemed prior to October 15, 2025 at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the date of redemption plus a “make-whole” premium as described in the 14.00% Second Lien Secured Notes indenture. At any time prior to October 15, 2025, up to 40% of the aggregate principal amount of the 14.00% Second Lien Secured Notes may be redeemed with the net proceeds of certain equity offerings at the redemption price set forth in the 14.00% Second Lien Secured Notes indenture.
9.00% Intermediate Holdco Senior Secured Notes
The 9.00% Intermediate Holdco Secured Notes mature on January 30, 2028, and have a stated interest of 9.00% per year that is payable semi-annually in arrears on each January 30 and July 30. The 9.00% Intermediate Holdco Secured Notes are redeemable at the option of Intermediate Holdco, in whole or in part, at any time, at the redemption prices set forth in the 9.00% Intermediate Holdco Secured Notes indenture.
The 9.00% Intermediate Holdco Secured Notes are general senior secured obligations of Intermediate Holdco and secured by first priority liens (subject to permitted liens and certain other exceptions) on substantially all of the assets of Intermediate Holdco, which as of March 31, 2023 were comprised of 38.6% of the issued and outstanding common shares of Bausch + Lomb Corporation. The 9.00% Intermediate Holdco Secured Notes and Intermediate Holdco’s other obligations under the indenture governing such notes are not obligations or responsibilities of, or guaranteed by, the Company, Bausch + Lomb or any of their respective affiliates or subsidiaries (other than the issuer Intermediate Holdco). The sole recourse of the holders of the 9.00% Intermediate Holdco Secured Notes under the 9.00% Intermediate Holdco Secured Notes and the indenture governing such notes is limited to Intermediate Holdco and its assets.
Senior Unsecured Notes
The Senior Unsecured Notes issued by the Company are the Company’s senior unsecured obligations and are jointly and severally guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by each of its subsidiaries that is a guarantor under the Senior Secured Credit Facilities. The Senior Unsecured Notes issued by BHA are senior unsecured obligations of BHA and are jointly and severally guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by the Company and each of its subsidiaries (other than BHA) that is a guarantor under the Senior Secured Credit Facilities. Future subsidiaries of the Company and BHA, if any, may be required to guarantee the Senior Unsecured Notes.
If the Company experiences a change in control, the Company may be required to make an offer to repurchase each series of Senior Unsecured Notes, in whole or in part, at a purchase price equal to 101% of the aggregate principal amount of the Senior Unsecured Notes repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest.
Redemption of April 2025 Unsecured Notes
In connection with the closing of the B+L IPO, on May 10, 2022, the Company using: (i) the net proceeds from the issuance of the February 2027 Secured Notes, (ii) the net proceeds from the B+L IPO, (iii) the net proceeds from the borrowings under the B+L Debt Financing and (iv) cash on hand caused sufficient funds for the redemption in full of its April 2025 Unsecured Notes at a redemption price of 101.021% of the principal amount then outstanding to be irrevocably deposited with the Bank of New York Mellon, N.A. The April 2025 Unsecured Notes were redeemed on May 16, 2022 and were accounted for as an extinguishment of debt.
Weighted Average Stated Rate of Interest
The weighted average stated rate of interest for the Company’s outstanding debt obligations as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was 7.87% and 7.74%, respectively. Due to the accounting treatment for the New Secured Notes, interest expense in the Company’s financial statements for 2023 and in future periods will not be representative of the weighted average stated rate of interest.
Maturities
The Company may, from time to time, purchase outstanding debt for cash in open market purchases or privately negotiated transactions. Such repurchases or exchanges, if any, will depend on prevailing market conditions, future liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors.
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Maturities of debt obligations for the remainder of 2023, the five succeeding years ending December 31 and thereafter are as follows:

(in millions) |
Remainder of 2023 | $ | 113 |
2024 | 150 |
2025 | 2,789 |
2026 | 891 |
2027 | 6,962 |
2028 | 4,990 |
Thereafter | 3,202 |
Total debt obligations | 19,097 |
Unamortized premiums, discounts and issuance costs | 1,556 |
Total long-term debt and other | $ | 20,653 |

11.SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION
Bausch Health’s Long-Term Incentive Plan
In May 2014, shareholders approved Bausch Health’s 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2014 Plan”) which replaced Bausch Health’s 2011 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2011 Plan”) for future equity awards granted by the Company. The Company transferred the common shares available under the 2011 Plan to the 2014 Plan. The maximum number of common shares that may be issued to participants under the 2014 Plan was initially equal to 18,000,000 common shares, plus the number of common shares under the 2011 Plan reserved but unissued and not underlying outstanding awards and the number of common shares becoming available for reuse after awards are terminated, forfeited, cancelled, exchanged or surrendered under the 2011 Plan and the Company’s 2007 Equity Compensation Plan. The Company registered 20,000,000 common shares for issuance under the 2014 Plan. The 2014 Plan was amended and restated effective April 30, 2018 and April 28, 2020 to, among other things, increase the number of common shares authorized for issuance under the 2014 Plan.
Effective June 21, 2022, Bausch Health further amended and restated the 2014 Plan, as subsequently amended and restated (the “Amended and Restated 2014 Plan”). Such amendment and restatement increased the number of common shares authorized for issuance under the Amended and Restated 2014 Plan by an additional 11,500,000 common shares, among other things.
Approximately 9,527,000 common shares were available for future grants under the Amended and Restated 2014 Plan as of March 31, 2023. The Company uses reserved and unissued common shares to satisfy its obligations under its share-based compensation plans.
Bausch Health has a long-term incentive program with the objective of aligning the share-based awards granted to senior management with the Company’s focus on generating operating cash flow while maintaining focus on improving total shareholder return over the long-term. The share-based awards granted under this long-term incentive program consist of time-based stock options, time-based restricted share units (“RSUs”) and performance-based RSUs. Performance-based RSUs are comprised of awards that vest: (i) upon achievement of certain share price appreciation conditions that are based on total shareholder return (“TSR”), (ii) upon attainment of certain performance targets that are based on the Company’s return on tangible capital (“ROTC”), (iii) upon attainment of Adjusted Operating Cash Flow, as defined in each applicable award agreement, and a Relative Total Shareholder Return modifier performance metric and (iv) fully or partially upon attainment of certain goals that are linked to the B+L Separation.
In order to retain and incentivize certain members of the Company’s senior leadership team, on September 5, 2022, the Talent and Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors approved a retention program for certain executive officers and other members of leadership. Under the retention program, certain executive officers and other members of leadership were granted a one-time award of restricted stock units (the “Retention RSU Grant”) under the Amended and Restated 2014 Plan. The Retention RSU Grants will generally vest in 1/3 installments on each of the first three anniversaries of the grant date based on continuous employment with Bausch Health.
Bausch + Lomb Long-Term Incentive Plan
Prior to May 5, 2022, Bausch + Lomb participated in Bausch Health’s long-term incentive program. Effective May 5, 2022, Bausch + Lomb established the Bausch + Lomb Corporation 2022 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “B+L Plan”). A total of 28,000,000 common shares of Bausch + Lomb were originally authorized under the B+L Plan. Effective April 24, 2023, the
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shareholders of Bausch + Lomb approved an amendment and restatement to the B+L Plan to increase the number of shares authorized for issuance thereunder by an additional 10,000,000 common shares, resulting in an aggregate 38,000,000 common shares of Bausch + Lomb authorized for issuance under the Plan (the “Plan Amendment”). The B+L Plan provides for the grant of various types of awards including RSUs, restricted stock, stock appreciation rights, stock options, performance-based awards and cash awards. Under the Plan, the exercise price of awards, if any, is set on the grant date and may not be less than the fair market value per share on that date. Generally, stock options have a term of ten years and a three-year vesting period, subject to limited exceptions.
Approximately 9,300,000 Bausch + Lomb common shares were available for future grants as of March 31, 2023. This does not include the additional 10,000,000 common shares authorized for issuance under the Plan Amendment. Bausch + Lomb uses reserved and unissued common shares to satisfy its obligations under its share-based compensation plans.
Bausch + Lomb has a long-term incentive program with the objective of aligning the share-based awards granted to senior management with Bausch + Lomb’s focus on enhancing its revenue growth while maintaining focus on total shareholder return over the long-term. In addition to stock options and RSUs, during the first quarter of 2023, performance restricted share units (“PSUs”) were also granted. The PSUs are comprised of awards that vest upon: (i) achievement of certain share price appreciation conditions, including absolute and relative TSR and (ii) attainment of certain performance targets that are based on Bausch + Lomb’s Organic Revenue Growth. If Bausch + Lomb’s performance is below a specified performance level, no common shares will be paid. Each vested PSU represents the right of a holder to receive a number of Bausch + Lomb’s common shares up to a specified maximum.
The fair value of each TSR PSU granted was estimated using a Monte Carlo Simulation model, which utilizes multiple input variables to estimate the probability that the performance condition will be achieved. The fair value of the Organic Revenue Growth PSUs is estimated based on the trading price of Bausch + Lomb’s common shares on the date of grant. Expense recognized for the Organic Revenue Growth PSUs in each reporting period reflects Bausch + Lomb’s latest estimate of Organic Revenue Growth in determining the number of PSUs that are expected to vest. If the Organic Revenue Growth PSUs do not ultimately vest due to the Organic Revenue Growth targets not being met, no compensation expense is recognized and any previously recognized compensation expense is reversed.
On February 15, 2023, Bausch + Lomb announced the appointment of Brent Saunders as its Chief Executive Officer, effective March 6, 2023. Pursuant to Mr. Saunders’ employment agreement, on February 23, 2023, Mr. Saunders was granted the following equity grants: 750,000 PSUs, 1,318,681 stock options and 375,000 RSUs. The RSUs are scheduled to vest 50% on the second anniversary of the grant date and the remaining 50% on the third anniversary of the grant date. The stock options are scheduled to vest in equal one-third installments on each of the first three anniversaries of the grant date. The PSUs vest on the fourth anniversary from grant date based on Bausch + Lomb’s achievement of absolute share price hurdles, or upon achievement of absolute and relative TSR hurdles in relation to the S&P 500 Index during the four-year performance period.
The following table summarizes the components and classification of the Company’s share-based compensation expenses related to stock options and RSUs for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
(in millions) |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  |  |  |
Stock options |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  |  |  |
RSUs |  | 35 |  |  | 28 |  |  |  |  |
|  | $ | 41 |  |  | $ | 32 |  |  |  |  |
Research and development expenses |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  | 38 |  |  | 29 |  |  |  |  |
|  | $ | 41 |  |  | $ | 32 |  |  |  |  |

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Share-based awards granted for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 consist of:

| 2023 |  | 2022
Bausch Health Share-Based Awards |  |  |
Stock options |  |  |
Granted | 999,000 |  |  | 2,545,000 |
Weighted-average exercise price | $ | 9.25 |  |  | $ | 24.08 |
Weighted-average grant date fair value | $ | 4.87 |  |  | $ | 6.63 |
Time-based RSUs |  |  |
Granted | 4,133,000 |  |  | 1,662,000 |
Weighted-average grant date fair value | $ | 9.18 |  |  | $ | 24.21 |
Adjusted Operating Cash Flow performance-based RSUs |  |  |
Granted | 647,000 |  |  | — |
Weighted-average grant date fair value | $ | 10.57 |  |  | $ | — |
Bausch+ Lomb Share-Based Awards |  |  |
Stock options |  |  |
Granted | 2,679,000 |  |  | — |
Weighted-average exercise price | $ | 18.27 |  |  | $ | — |
Weighted-average grant date fair value | $ | 5.52 |  |  | $ | — |
RSUs |  |  |
Granted | 2,358,000 |  |  | — |
Weighted-average grant date fair value | $ | 18.04 |  |  | $ | — |
TSR performance-based RSUs |  |  |
Granted | 1,175,000 |  |  | — |
Weighted-average grant date fair value | $ | 27.65 |  |  | $ | — |
Organic Revenue Growth performance-based RSUs |  |  |
Granted | 142,000 |  |  | — |
Weighted-average grant date fair value | $ | 17.96 |  |  | $ | — |

As of March 31, 2023, the remaining unrecognized compensation expenses related to all outstanding non-vested stock options, time-based RSUs and performance-based RSUs amounted to $216 million, which will be amortized over a weighted-average period of 2.31 years.
As of March 31, 2023, the remaining unrecognized compensation expenses related to all outstanding non-vested stock options, time-based RSUs and performance-based RSUs under the B+L Plan amounted to $118 million, which will be amortized over a weighted-average period of 2.49 years.
12.ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
Accumulated other comprehensive loss consists of:

(in millions) |  | March 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  | $ | (1,971) |  |  | $ | (2,038) |
Pension adjustment, net of tax |  | (18) |  |  | (18) |
|  | $ | (1,989) |  |  | $ | (2,056) |

Income taxes are not provided for foreign currency translation adjustments arising on the translation of the Company’s operations having a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar, except to the extent of translation adjustments related to the Company’s retained earnings for foreign jurisdictions in which the Company is not considered to be permanently reinvested.
As a result of the change in the Company’s ownership interest in Bausch + Lomb, in the second quarter of 2022, the carrying amount of accumulated other comprehensive income was adjusted to reflect the change in the ownership interest in Bausch + Lomb through a corresponding credit of $137 million to equity attributable to the Company.
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13.RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Included in Research and development are costs related to product development and quality assurance programs. Quality assurance are the costs incurred to meet evolving customer and regulatory standards. Research and development costs consist of:

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
(in millions) |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  |  |  |
Product related research and development |  | $ | 136 |  |  | $ | 121 |  |  |  |  |
Quality assurance |  | 7 |  |  | 6 |  |  |  |  |
|  | $ | 143 |  |  | $ | 127 |  |  |  |  |

14.OTHER EXPENSE, NET
Other expense, net consists of:

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
(in millions) |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  |  |  |
Litigation and other matters |  | $ | (8) |  |  | $ | (1) |  |  |  |  |
Acquisition-related contingent consideration |  | 31 |  |  | 3 |  |  |  |  |
|  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  |  |  |

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, Litigation and other matters primarily relates to an insurance recovery regarding a certain litigation matter.
Acquisition-related contingent consideration expense for the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily includes adjustments to reflect the changes in estimates of the future royalty and milestone payments related to a branded product.
15.INCOME TAXES
For interim financial statement purposes, U.S. GAAP income tax expense/benefit related to ordinary income is determined by applying an estimated annual effective income tax rate against a company’s ordinary income. Income tax expense/benefit related to items not characterized as ordinary income is recognized as a discrete item when incurred. The estimation of the Company’s income tax provision requires the use of management forecasts and other estimates, application of statutory income tax rates and an evaluation of valuation allowances. The Company’s estimated annual effective income tax rate may be revised, if necessary, in each interim period.
Provision for income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $73 million and included: (i) $13 million of income tax benefit for the Company’s ordinary loss for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and (ii) $86 million of net income tax expense for discrete items, which includes: (a) $41 million of net income tax expense related to final and potential settlements of various tax audits in the first quarter of 2023, (b) $18 million of income tax expense related to changes in uncertain tax positions, (c) $18 million of income tax expense associated with the establishment of a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets of B+L’s Canadian parent and (d) $6 million of income tax expense associated with stock compensation.
Benefit from income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was $16 million and included: (i) $14 million of income tax expense for the Company’s ordinary loss for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and (ii) $30 million of net income tax benefit for discrete items, which includes: (a) $36 million of net income tax benefit recognized for changes in uncertain tax positions and (b) a $6 million tax provision associated with the filing of certain tax returns.
The Company records a valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets to reduce the net carrying value to an amount that it believes is more likely than not to be realized. When the Company establishes or reduces the valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets, the provision for income taxes will increase or decrease, respectively, in the period such determination is made. The valuation allowance against deferred tax assets was approximately $2,000 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The Company will continue to assess the need for valuation allowances on an ongoing basis.
As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had $901 million and $881 million, respectively, of unrecognized tax benefits, which included $41 million and $32 million of interest and penalties, respectively. Of the total unrecognized tax benefits as of March 31, 2023, $402 million would reduce the Company’s effective tax rate, if recognized.
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The Company believes that it is reasonably possible that the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits at March 31, 2023 could decrease by approximately $5 million in the next 12 months as a result of the resolution of certain tax audits and other events.
The Company continues to be under examination by the Canada Revenue Agency. In the first quarter of 2023, the Company recorded income tax expense related to prior year withholding tax returns.
On April 19, 2021, the Canadian federal government delivered its 2021 budget which contained proposed measures related to limitations on interest deductibility and changes in relation to international taxation. Draft legislative proposals pertaining to interest deductibility were initially released for public comment on February 4, 2022, with revised legislative proposals subsequently released on November 3, 2022. The proposed rules on interest deductibility are expected to be effective no earlier than January 1, 2024. The proposed rules and their application are complex and could have a material adverse impact on our consolidated effective tax rate and financial results in future years if enacted as drafted.
The Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) previously completed its examinations of the Company’s U.S. consolidated federal income tax returns for the years 2013 and 2014. There were no material adjustments to the Company’s taxable income as a result of these examinations. However, the 2014 tax year remains open to the extent of a 2017 capital loss carried back to that year. The Company’s annual tax filings for 2015 and 2016 and short period tax return for the period ended September 8, 2017, which was filed as a result of the Company’s internal restructuring efforts during 2017 is currently under IRS examination. As part of its examination, the Company received a notice of proposed adjustment from the IRS that would disallow the 2017 Capital Loss resulting from its internal restructuring. The Company previously contested this proposed tax deficiency through the IRS administrative appeals process and if necessary, will continue to contest any proposed tax deficiency through appropriate litigation. Accordingly, no income tax provision had been recorded as of December 31, 2022.
If the Company were ultimately unsuccessful in defending its position, and all or a substantial portion of the 2017 capital loss
deduction were disallowed, the Company estimates, in a worst-case scenario, that it could be liable for additional income taxes (excluding penalties and interest) of up to $2,100 million, which could have an adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations.
In January 2023, as part of an alternative dispute resolution process with the IRS, the Company reached a tentative settlement on the 2017 Capital Loss. This tentative settlement is subject to further review and approvals before it is finalized. In anticipation of the finalization of this settlement agreement the Company has recorded an estimate for the impact of the settlement during the first quarter of 2023.
The Company’s U.S. affiliates remain under examination for various state tax audits in the U.S. for years 2015 through 2022.
The Company’s subsidiaries in Germany are under audit for tax years 2014 through 2016. At this time, the Company does not expect that proposed adjustments, if any, would be material to the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
On November 8, 2022 the Company’s affiliate in the Netherlands received an assessment from the Luxembourg Tax Authorities as successor in interest to its affiliate in Luxembourg for tax years 2018 – 2019 for €272 million. The Company is vigorously defending its position and has not recorded any reserves for this assessment.
Certain affiliates of the Company in regions outside of Canada, the U.S., Germany and Luxembourg are currently under examination by relevant taxing authorities, and all necessary accruals have been recorded, including uncertain tax benefits. At this time, the Company does not expect that proposed adjustments, if any, would be material to the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
16.EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE
Basic and diluted loss per share attributable to Bausch Health Companies Inc. were calculated as follows:

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions, except per share amounts) |  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Net loss attributable to Bausch Health Companies Inc. |  |  |  |  | $ | (201) |  |  | $ | (69) |
Basic and diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding |  |  |  |  | 363.3 |  |  | 360.8 |
Basic and diluted loss per share attributable to Bausch Health Companies Inc. |  |  |  |  | $ | (0.55) |  |  | $ | (0.19) |

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During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, all potential common shares issuable for stock options and RSUs were excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per share, as the effect of including them would have been anti-dilutive. The dilutive effect of potential common shares issuable for stock options and RSUs on the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding would have been approximately 3,426,000 and 3,600,000 common shares for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, time-based RSUs, performance-based RSUs and stock options to purchase approximately 17,636,000 and 9,332,000 common shares, respectively, were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the effect would have been anti-dilutive under the treasury stock method. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, an additional 90,000 and 156,000 performance-based RSUs, respectively, were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share as the required performance conditions had not been met.
17.LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
From time to time, the Company becomes involved in various legal and administrative proceedings, which include product liability, intellectual property, commercial, tax, antitrust, governmental and regulatory investigations, related private litigation and ordinary course employment-related issues. From time to time, the Company also initiates actions or files counterclaims. The Company could be subject to counterclaims or other suits in response to actions it may initiate. The Company believes that the prosecution of these actions and counterclaims is important to preserve and protect the Company, its reputation and its assets. Certain of these proceedings and actions are described in Note 20, “LEGAL PROCEEDINGS,” to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC and the CSA on February 23, 2023.
On a quarterly basis, the Company evaluates developments in legal proceedings, potential settlements and other matters that could increase or decrease the amount of the liability accrued. As of March 31, 2023, the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets includes accrued current loss contingencies of $326 million related to matters which are both probable and reasonably estimable. For all other matters, unless otherwise indicated, the Company cannot reasonably predict the outcome of these legal proceedings, nor can it estimate the amount of loss, or range of loss, if any, that may result from these proceedings. An adverse outcome in certain of these proceedings could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations, and could cause the market value of its common shares and/or debt securities to decline.
Governmental and Regulatory Inquiries
Investigation by the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the District of Iowa – re OrthoDerm
The Company received a Civil Investigative Demand in May 2021 from the Civil Division of the United States Department of Justice and the United States Attorney’s Office for the District of Iowa, requesting documents and other information concerning the sales and marketing of Bryhali®, Duobrii®, Jublia® and Siliq®. The Company is cooperating with this investigation. The Company cannot predict the outcome or the duration of this investigation or any other legal proceedings or any enforcement actions or other remedies that may be imposed on the Company arising out of this investigation.
Securities and RICO Class Actions and Related Matters
U.S. Securities Litigation - Opt-Out Litigation
On December 16, 2019, the Company announced that it had agreed to settle, subject to final court approval, the consolidated securities class action filed in the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey (In re Valeant Pharmaceuticals International, Inc. Securities Litigation, Case No. 15-cv-07658) (the “Securities Class Action Settlement”). On January 31, 2021, the District Court issued an order granting final approval of this settlement. On February 4, 2021, Timber Hill LLC (“Timber Hill”) filed a notice of appeal of the Court’s final approval order, which overruled its objections to the allocation of settlement proceeds as between common stock and options. On March 1, 2021, Cathy Lochridge filed a notice of appeal of the Court’s final approval order, which overruled her objections as to the attorneys’ fees awarded to class counsel. On October 14, 2021, Timber Hill dismissed its appeal of the final approval order. On December 20, 2021, the Third Circuit denied Lochridge’s appeal. On January 3, 2022, Lochridge filed a petition for rehearing of the appeal en banc. On May 12, 2022, the Third Circuit denied Lochridge’s petition for rehearing en banc. The deadline for Lochridge to file a petition for a writ of certiorari with the U.S. Supreme Court was August 10, 2022 and no petition was filed. As such, the deadline for further appeals has passed and the settlement has become final pursuant to the stipulation of settlement. The matter is now concluded with respect to the Company and all claims have been resolved and discharged as to the Company and its current/former officers and directors.
In October 2015, four putative securities class actions were filed in the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey against the Company and certain current or former officers and directors. The allegations related to, among other things,
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allegedly false and misleading statements and/or failures to disclose information about the Company’s business and prospects, including relating to drug pricing, the Company’s use of specialty pharmacies, and the Company’s relationship with Philidor Rx Services, LLC (“Philidor”). On May 31, 2016, the court entered an order consolidating the four actions under the caption In re Valeant Pharmaceuticals International, Inc. Securities Litigation, Case No. 15-cv-07658. On December 16, 2019, the Company, the current or former officers and directors, ValueAct, and the underwriters announced that they agreed to resolve the securities action for $1,210 million, subject to final court approval. This settlement received final approval from the court on January 31, 2021 and resolved and discharged all claims against the Company in the class action. As part of the settlement, the Company and the other settling defendants admitted no liability as to the claims against it and deny all allegations of wrongdoing. The settlement was subject to appeal of the final court approval (as such appeal is further described above). In order to qualify for a settlement payment all persons and entities that purchased or otherwise acquired the Company securities during the class period must have submitted a proof of claim and release form by May 6, 2020. The settlement payments were paid into an escrow account in accordance with the payment schedule outlined in the settlement agreement. During 2022, the Company’s rights to the funds previously paid into the escrow account have been extinguished in accordance with the settlement agreement.
On June 6, 2018, a putative class action was filed in the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey against the Company and certain current or former officers and directors. This action, captioned Timber Hill LLC, v. Valeant Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., et al., (Case No. 18-cv-10246), asserts securities fraud claims under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act on behalf of a putative class of persons who purchased call options or sold put options on the Company’s common stock during the period January 4, 2013 through August 11, 2016. On June 11, 2018, this action was consolidated with In re Valeant Pharmaceuticals International, Inc. Securities Litigation, (Case No. 15-cv-07658). On January 14, 2019, the defendants filed a motion to dismiss the Timber Hill complaint. Briefing on that motion was completed on February 13, 2019. On August 15, 2019, the Court denied the motion to dismiss the Timber Hill action, holding that this complaint was a legal nullity as a result of the June 11, 2018 consolidation order.
In addition to the consolidated putative class action, thirty-seven groups of individual investors in the Company’s stock and debt securities have chosen to opt out of the consolidated putative class action and filed securities actions in the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey against the Company and certain current or former officers and directors. These actions were captioned previously in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed on February 23, 2023. Sixteen of the thirty-seven opt-out actions have been dismissed; and the total number of remaining opt-out actions pending in the District of New Jersey is twenty-one actions.
These individual shareholder actions assert claims under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act. Certain of these individual actions assert additional claims, including claims under Section 18 of the Exchange Act, Sections 11, 12(a)(2) and 15 of the Securities Act, common law fraud, negligent misrepresentation and claims under the New Jersey Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act. These claims are based on alleged purchases of Company stock, options, and/or debt at various times between January 3, 2013 and August 10, 2016. The allegations in the complaints are similar to those made by plaintiffs in the putative class action. Motions to dismiss were filed in many of these individual actions and the Court has dismissed state law claims including New Jersey Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, common law fraud and negligent misrepresentation claims in certain cases. On January 7, 2019, the Court entered a stipulation of voluntary dismissal in the Senzar opt-out action, closing the case. On September 10, 2019, the Court granted defendants’ motion to dismiss all claims in the Aly opt-out action. On October 9, 2019, the Aly Plaintiffs filed a notice of appeal to the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit. On June 16, 2021, the Court of Appeals granted plaintiffs’ appeal in the Aly action. This action has been remanded to the District Court. On June 19, 2020, the Court entered stipulations of voluntary dismissal in the Catalyst, Mississippi, Connecticut and Delaware actions. On July 13, 2020, the Court entered a stipulation of voluntary dismissal in the NYCERS action. On December 30, 2020, the Court entered a stipulation of voluntary dismissal in the BlueMountain action. On February 18, 2021, and March 10, 2021, the Court entered stipulations of voluntary dismissal in the T. Rowe, BloombergSen, Principal Funds, Pentwater, Lord Abbett, Equity Trustees and UC Regents actions. On April 30, 2021, the Court entered a stipulation of voluntary dismissal in the Florida SBA action. On July 20, 2021, the Court entered a stipulation of voluntary dismissal in the Janus action.
Discovery in the opt-out actions has concluded. Motions for summary judgment were filed on August 1, 2022. Trial dates have not been set in any of the opt-out actions.
The Company disputes the claims against it in the remaining individual opt-out complaints and intends to defend itself vigorously.
Canadian Securities Litigation
In 2015, six putative class actions were filed and served against the Company and certain current or former officers and directors in Canada in the provinces of British Columbia, Ontario and Quebec. The Company is also aware of two additional putative class actions that were filed with the applicable court but which have not been served on the Company and the
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factual allegations made in these actions are substantially similar to those outlined herein. These actions were captioned previously in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed on February 23, 2023.
The actions generally allege violations of Canadian provincial securities legislation on behalf of putative classes of persons who purchased or otherwise acquired securities of the Company for periods commencing as early as January 1, 2013 and ending as late as November 16, 2015. The alleged violations relate to the same matters described in the U.S. Securities Litigation description above.
Each of these putative class actions, other than the Catucci action in the Quebec Superior Court, was discontinued. In the Catucci action, on August 29, 2017, the judge granted the plaintiffs leave to proceed with their claims under the Quebec Securities Act and authorized the class proceeding. On October 26, 2017, the plaintiffs issued their Judicial Application Originating Class Proceedings.
After a hearing on November 11, 2019, the court approved a settlement in the Catucci action between the class members and the Company’s auditors and the action was dismissed as against them.
On August 4, 2020, the Company entered into a settlement agreement with the plaintiffs in Catucci, on behalf of the class, pursuant to which it agreed to resolve the Catucci action for the amount of CAD 94,000,000 plus payment of an additional amount to cover notice and settlement administration costs and disbursements. As part of the settlement, the Company and the other defendants admitted no liability as to the claims against it and deny all allegations of wrongdoing. Court approval of the settlement was granted after a hearing on November 16, 2020. The Catucci action has now been dismissed against the Company, its current and former directors and officers, its underwriters and its insurers.
In addition to the class proceedings described above, on April 12, 2018, the Company was served with an application for leave filed in the Quebec Superior Court of Justice to pursue an action under the Quebec Securities Act against the Company and certain current or former officers and directors. This proceeding is captioned BlackRock Asset Management Canada Limited et al. v. Valeant, et al. (Court File No. 500-11-054155-185). The allegations in the proceeding are similar to those made by plaintiffs in the Catucci class action. On June 18, 2018, the same BlackRock entities filed an originating application (Court File No. 500-17-103749-183) against the same defendants asserting claims under the Quebec Civil Code in respect of the same alleged misrepresentations.
The Company is aware that certain other members of the Catucci class exercised their opt-out rights prior to the June 19, 2018 deadline. On February 15, 2019, one of the entities which exercised its opt-out rights, the California State Teachers’ Retirement System (“CalSTRS”), served the Company with an application in the Quebec Superior Court of Justice for leave to pursue an action under the Quebec Securities Act against the Company, certain current or former officers and directors of the Company and its auditor. That proceeding is captioned California State Teachers’ Retirement System v. Bausch Health Companies Inc. et al. (Court File No. 500-11-055722-181). The allegations in the proceeding are similar to those made by the plaintiffs in the Catucci class action and in the BlackRock opt-out proceedings. On that same date, CalSTRS also served the Company with proceedings (Court File No. 500-17-106044-186) against the same defendants asserting claims under the Quebec Civil Code in respect of the same alleged misrepresentations.
On February 3, 2020, the Quebec Superior Court granted the applications of CalSTRS and BlackRock for leave to pursue their respective actions asserting claims under the Quebec Securities Act. On June 16, 2020, the Quebec Court of Appeal granted the defendants leave to appeal that decision. The appeal was heard on September 29, 2021 and, by judgment dated October 29, 2021, the appeals were dismissed.
On October 8 and 9, 2020, respectively, CalSTRS amended its proceedings to, among other things, include a new alleged misrepresentation concerning the accounting treatment of “price appreciation credits” in respect of Glumetza® during the period covered by the claims. A hearing was held on February 17, 2021 with respect to whether CalSTRS would be permitted to file the proposed amended proceedings. On June 9, 2021, the Quebec Superior Court granted the Company’s application to strike the new allegations from its Quebec Securities Act claim, but permitted the amendments to its claim under the Quebec Civil Code. On December 8, 2021, CalSTRS delivered its amended pleadings.
On March 17, 2021, four additional opt-outs from the Catucci class issued a Statement of Claim in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice. That proceeding is captioned The Bank of Korea et al. v. Valeant Pharmaceuticals International Inc. et al. (Court File No. 21-006589666-0000). In addition, these plaintiffs also served and filed a motion for leave to pursue claims under the Ontario Securities Act. The allegations in this proceeding are similar to those made by the plaintiffs in the Catucci class action and the plaintiffs in the opt-out actions described above.
The Company believes that it has viable defenses in each of these actions. In each case, the Company intends to defend itself vigorously.
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Other Securities and RICO Class Actions and Related Matters
Insurance Coverage Lawsuit
On December 7, 2017, the Company filed a lawsuit against its insurance companies that issued insurance policies covering claims made against the Company, its subsidiaries, and its directors and officers during two distinct policy periods, (i) 2013-14 and (ii) 2015-16. The lawsuit is currently pending in the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey (Valeant Pharmaceuticals International, Inc., et al. v. AIG Insurance Company of Canada, et al.; Case No. 3:18-CV-00493). In the lawsuit, the Company seeks coverage for: (i) the costs of defending and resolving claims brought by former shareholders and debtholders of Allergan, Inc. in In re Allergan, Inc. Proxy Violation Securities Litigation and Timber Hill LLC, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated v. Pershing Square Capital Management, L.P., et al. (the “Allergan Securities Litigation”) (under the 2013-2014 coverage period) and (ii) costs incurred and to be incurred in connection with the securities class actions and opt-out cases described in this section and the SEC Investigation and certain of the other investigations described under “Complete or Inactive Matters” in Note 20, “LEGAL PROCEEDINGS,” to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, filed with the SEC and the CSA on February 24, 2021 and under “Governmental and Regulatory Inquiries” and “Complete or Inactive Matters” in Note 21, “LEGAL PROCEEDINGS,” to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the SEC and the CSA on February 19, 2020 (under the 2015-2016 coverage period).
On July 20, 2021, the Company entered into settlement agreements with the insurers in the 2015-2016 coverage period in which the Company agreed to resolve its claims for insurance coverage in connection with the U.S. Securities Litigation and the Canadian Securities Litigation and related opt-out litigation and related investigations matters described above. On that same day, the Company entered into settlement agreements with two of its insurers in the 2013-2014 coverage period in which the Company agreed to resolve its claims against those two insurers only for insurance coverage in connection with the Allergan Securities Litigation. As a result of all of the settlement agreements entered into with the insurers on July 20, 2021, the Company has received an aggregate sum of $213 million. The Company has resolved its insurance claims with respect to the Allergan Securities Litigation against the Hartford Fire Insurance Company but its claims against the remaining insurers in the 2013-2014 coverage period remain pending.
RICO Class Actions
Between May 27, 2016 and September 16, 2016, three actions were filed in the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey against the Company and various third-parties (these actions were subsequently consolidated), alleging claims under the federal Racketeer Influenced Corrupt Organizations Act (“RICO”) on behalf of a putative class of certain third-party payors that paid claims submitted by Philidor for certain Company-branded drugs between January 2, 2013 and November 9, 2015. The consolidated complaint alleges, among other things, that the defendants committed predicate acts of mail and wire fraud by submitting or causing to be submitted prescription reimbursement requests that misstated or omitted facts regarding: (1) the identity and licensing status of the dispensing pharmacy; (2) the resubmission of previously denied claims; (3) patient co-pay waivers; (4) the availability of generic alternatives; and (5) the insured’s consent to renew the prescription. The complaint further alleges that these acts constitute a pattern of racketeering or a racketeering conspiracy in violation of the RICO statute and caused plaintiffs and the putative class unspecified damages, which may be trebled under the RICO statute. On August 4, 2021, the Company executed a stipulation of settlement for this action and, on August 17, 2021, the Court preliminarily approved the settlement. On December 6, 2021 the Special Master overseeing this litigation issued a report and recommendation recommending final approval of the settlement, and on February 22, 2022 the settlement was approved by the district court. The time to appeal the district court’s final approval order expired on March 24, 2022, and the settlement has resolved and discharged all claims against the Company in this action.
Hound Partners Lawsuit
In October 2018, Hound Partners Offshore Fund, LP, Hound Partners Long Master, LP and Hound Partners Concentrated Master, LP, filed a lawsuit against the Company in the Superior Court of New Jersey Law Division/Mercer County that asserts claims for common law fraud, negligent misrepresentation, and violations of the New Jersey Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act. The Company disputes the claims and intends to vigorously defend this matter.
Antitrust
Glumetza Antitrust Litigation
Between August 2019 and July 2020, eight (8) putative antitrust class actions and four (4) non-class complaints naming the Company, Salix Pharmaceuticals, Ltd., Salix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Santarus, Inc. (for purposes of this subsection, collectively, the “Company”), among other defendants, were filed or transferred to the Northern District of California. Three (3) of the class actions were filed by plaintiffs seeking to represent a class of direct purchasers. The purported classes of
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direct purchasers filed a consolidated first amended complaint and a motion for class certification in April 2020. The court certified a direct purchaser class in August 2020. The putative class action complaints filed by end payer purchasers have all been voluntarily dismissed. Three (3) of the non-class complaints were filed by direct purchasers. The fourth non-class complaint, asserting claims based on both direct and indirect purchases, was filed by an insurer plaintiff in July 2020 and subsequently amended in September 2020. In December 2020, the court denied the Company’s motion to dismiss as to the insurer plaintiff’s direct claims but dismissed the insurer plaintiff’s indirect claims. On February 2, 2021, the insurer plaintiff’s motion for leave to amend its complaint was denied.
These actions were consolidated and coordinated in In re Glumetza Antitrust Litigation, Case No. 3:19-cv-05822-WHA (the “In re Glumetza Antitrust Litigation”). The lawsuits alleged that a 2012 settlement of a patent litigation regarding Glumetza® delayed generic entry in exchange for an agreement not to launch an authorized generic of Glumetza® or grant any other company a license to do so. The complaints alleged that the settlement agreement resulted in higher prices for Glumetza® and its generic equivalent both prior to and after generic entry. Both the class and non-class plaintiffs sought damages under federal antitrust laws for claims based on direct purchases.
On February 8, 2021, the insurer plaintiff filed an action asserting its indirect (state law) claims in the Superior Court of Alameda County, California against the Company and others (the “State Court Action”) (discussed in further detail below, see Glumetza State-Law Insurer Litigations).
On July 26, 2021, the Company reached an agreement in principle and, thereafter, on September 14, 2021, executed a final settlement agreement to resolve the class plaintiffs’ claims for $300 million, subject to court approval. On August 1, 2021, the Company also reached an agreement in principle to resolve the non-class direct purchaser plaintiffs’ claims, described above, for additional consideration. A final settlement agreement with the non-class direct purchaser plaintiffs was executed on August 6, 2021. As part of the settlements, the Company admitted no liability as to the claims against it and denied all allegations of wrongdoing. On September 20, 2021, the insurer plaintiff voluntarily dismissed its claims in the consolidated federal action. By stipulation, the insurer plaintiff has asserted its direct opt-out claims in the State Court Action, resulting in the consolidation of all of its opt-out claims in the State Court Action.
On September 22, 2021, the court granted preliminary approval of the class settlement agreement and vacated the October 2021 trial date and all other pre-trial deadlines in the consolidated actions. On February 3, 2022, the court granted final approval of the class settlement and ordered dismissal of the class plaintiffs’ claims. The deadline to appeal the final approval of the class settlement has now passed, and the settlements have resolved and discharged all asserted class and direct purchaser non-class claims against the Company in the In re Glumetza Antitrust Litigation.
Generic Pricing Antitrust Litigation
The Company’s subsidiaries, Oceanside Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Oceanside”), Bausch Health US, LLC (formerly Valeant Pharmaceuticals North America LLC) (“Bausch Health US”) and Bausch Health Americas, Inc. (formerly Valeant Pharmaceuticals International) (“Bausch Health Americas”) (for the purposes of this paragraph, collectively, the “Company”), are defendants in multidistrict antitrust litigation (“MDL”) entitled In re: Generic Pharmaceuticals Pricing Antitrust Litigation, pending in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania (MDL 2724, 16- MD-2724). The lawsuits seek damages under federal and state antitrust laws, state consumer protection and unjust enrichment laws and allege that the Company’s subsidiaries entered into a conspiracy to fix, stabilize, and raise prices, rig bids and engage in market and customer allocation for generic pharmaceuticals. The lawsuits, which have been brought as putative class actions by direct purchasers, end payers, and indirect resellers, and as direct actions by direct purchasers, end payers, insurers, States, and various Counties, Cities, and Towns, have been consolidated into the MDL. There are also additional, separate complaints which have been consolidated in the same MDL that do not name the Company or any of its subsidiaries as a defendant. There are cases pending in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County against the Company and other defendants related to the multidistrict litigation, but no complaint has been filed in the cases. The cases have been placed in deferred status. The Company disputes the claims against it and continues to defend itself vigorously.
Additionally, Bausch Health Companies Inc. and certain U.S. and Canadian subsidiaries (for the purposes of this paragraph, collectively the “Company”) have been named as defendants in a proposed class proceeding entitled Kathryn Eaton v. Teva Canada Limited, et al. in the Federal Court in Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Court File No. T-607-20). The plaintiff seeks to certify a proposed class action on behalf of persons in Canada who purchased generic drugs in the private sector, alleging that the Company and other defendants violated the Competition Act by conspiring to allocate the market, fix prices, and maintain the supply of generic drugs, and seeking damages under federal law. The proposed class action contains similar allegations to the In re: Generic Pharmaceuticals Pricing Antitrust Litigation pending in the United States Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. The Company disputes the claims against it and intends to defend itself vigorously.
These lawsuits cover products of both Bausch + Lomb and the Company’s businesses. It is anticipated that Bausch + Lomb and the Company will split the fees and expenses associated with defending these claims, as well as any potential damages or
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other liabilities awarded in or otherwise arising from these claims, in the manner set forth in the Master Separation Agreement between Bausch Health and Bausch + Lomb.
Glumetza State-Law Insurer Litigations
On February 8, 2021, the insurer plaintiff from the federal In re Glumetza Antitrust Litigation, Case No. 3:19-cv-05822- WHA (N.D. Cal.) (the “In re Glumetza Antitrust Litigation”) (discussed in further detail above), Humana Inc. (“Humana”), filed an action asserting its indirect (state law) claims in the Superior Court of Alameda County, California against the Company and others (the “State Court Action”). The State Court Action alleges that a 2012 settlement of a patent litigation regarding Glumetza® delayed generic entry in exchange for an agreement not to launch an authorized generic of Glumetza® or grant any other company a license to do so. The State Court Action alleges that the settlement agreement resulted in higher prices for Glumetza® and its generic equivalent both prior to and after generic entry. On September 20, 2021, the parties stipulated that Humana’s direct opt-out claims from In re Glumetza Antitrust Litigation, discussed above, were deemed asserted in the State Court Action.
Defendants’ demurrer in the State Court Action was heard on September 22, 2021. On November 29, 2021, the court denied the motion in part and granted it in part as to certain state law claims, with leave to amend. Humana did not amend the complaint. Defendants’ answers were filed on February 3, 2022.
On April 5, 2022, Health Care Service Corporation filed an action with similar substantive allegations and similar indirect (state law) claims in the Superior Court of Alameda County, California against the Company and others. Defendants’ answers were filed on June 17, 2022. On November 28, 2022, the Court consolidated this action with the State Court Action for trial and pretrial purposes (the “Consolidated State Case”). Trial is currently scheduled to start in January 2024 in the Consolidated State Case.
The Company disputes the claims and intends to vigorously defend these matters.
Intellectual Property
Patent Litigation/Paragraph IV Matters
From time to time, the Company (and/or certain of its affiliates) is also party to certain intellectual property litigation proceedings in the United States and Canada, including as arising from claims filed against the Company or by the Company (or that the Company anticipates filing within the required time periods) related to certain products sold by or on behalf of the Company, which may be in connection with Notices of Paragraph IV Certification (in the United States) and Notices of Allegation (in Canada) received from third-party generic manufacturers, where such products include Xifaxan® 200 mg and 550 mg, Arazlo®, Duobrii®, Lumify®, Nuvessa® and Trulance® in the United States and Jublia® in Canada
Xifaxan® Paragraph IV Proceedings
On February 17, 2020, the Company and Alfasigma S.p.A. (“Alfasigma”) received a Notice of Paragraph IV Certification from Norwich Pharmaceuticals Inc. (“Norwich”), in which Norwich asserted that the U.S. patents listed in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”)’s Orange Book for the Company’s Xifaxan® tablets, 550 mg, are either invalid, unenforceable and/or will not be infringed by the commercial manufacture, use or sale of Norwich’s generic rifaximin tablets, 550 mg, for which an Abbreviated New Drug Application (“ANDA”) has been filed by Norwich. The Company, through its subsidiaries Salix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Bausch Health Ireland Limited, holds the New Drug Application for Xifaxan® and owns or exclusively licenses (from Alfasigma) these patents. On March 26, 2020, certain of the Company’s subsidiaries and Alfasigma filed suit against Norwich in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware (Case No. 20-cv-00430) pursuant to the Hatch-Waxman Act, alleging infringement by Norwich of one or more claims of the Xifaxan® Patents, thereby triggering a 30-month stay of the approval of Norwich’s ANDA for rifaximin tablets, 550 mg. Xifaxan® is protected by 27 patents covering the composition of matter and the use of Xifaxan® listed in the FDA’s Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations, or the Orange Book. Trial in this matter was held in March 2022. The court issued a final judgment on August 10, 2022, (the “Norwich Legal Decision”), finding that the U.S. Patents protecting the use of Xifaxan® (rifaximin) 550 mg tablets for the reduction in risk of hepatic encephalopathy (“HE”) recurrence valid and infringed and the U.S. Patents protecting the composition, and use of Xifaxan® for treating IBS-D invalid. The Norwich Legal Decision prevents FDA approval of Norwich’s 550 mg ANDA until October 2029. The Company appealed the Norwich Legal Decision to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit on August 16, 2022. Following the Company’s appeal, Norwich claimed to have removed the HE indication from its existing ANDA and then filed a motion in the District Court requesting modification of the Norwich Legal Decision to permit the FDA to approve their ANDA before October 2029. The Company opposed this motion and awaits a decision on the motion from the District Court. In January 2023, the U.S. Patent Office issued U.S. Patent No. 11,564,912 (the “’912 Patent”) directed to IBS-D, which was then listed in the FDA’s Orange Book for Xifaxan®. On April 28, 2023, the Company received a new Notice of Paragraph IV Certification from Norwich asserting that claims of the ‘912 Patent are invalid, unenforceable, and/or will not be infringed by the commercial manufacture, use, or
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sale of Norwich’s generic rifaximin tablets, 550 mg, under the existing Norwich ANDA. Any suit brought against the existing Norwich ANDA under the ‘912 Patent is not believed to result in a new 30-month stay of approval. The Company remains confident in the strength of the Xifaxan® patents and intends to vigorously defend its intellectual property.
Duobrii® Paragraph IV Proceedings
In June 2022, the Company received a Notice of Paragraph IV Certification from Taro Pharmaceuticals Inc. (“Taro”), in which Taro asserted that certain U.S. patents, each of which is listed in the FDA’s Orange Book for Duobrii® (halobetasol propionate and tazarotene) lotion, are either invalid, unenforceable and/or will not be infringed by the commercial manufacture, use, sale, offer for sale, or importation of Taro’s generic lotion, for which an ANDA has been filed by Taro. On July 21, 2022, the Company filed suit against Taro pursuant to the Hatch-Waxman Act, alleging infringement by Taro of one or more claims of the Duobrii® Patents and triggering a 30-month stay of the approval of the Taro ANDA.
The Company remains confident in the strength of the Duobrii® patents and intends to vigorously defend its intellectual property.
Trulance® Paragraph IV Proceedings
In April 2021, the Company commenced litigation against MSN Laboratories Private Ltd. (“MSN”) and Mylan Pharmaceuticals Inc., (“Mylan”) alleging patent infringement by MSN’s and Mylan’s filing of their ANDA for generic Trulance® (plecanatide) 3 mg tablets. This suit had been filed following receipt of a Notice of Paragraph IV Certification from each of MSN and Mylan, in which they had each asserted that the U.S. patents listed in the FDA’s Orange Book for the Company’s Trulance® tablets, 3 mg, were invalid, unenforceable and/or would not be infringed by the commercial manufacture, use or sale of their respective generic plecanatide tablets, 3 mg. The filing of these suits triggered a 30-month stay of the approval of the MSN and Mylan ANDAs for plecanatide tablets.
In January 2023, the Company commenced litigation against Aurobindo Pharma Limited (“Auro”) alleging patent infringement by Auro’s filing of their ANDA for generic Trulance® (plecanatide) 3 mg tablets. This suit had been filed following receipt of a Notice of Paragraph IV Certification from Auro, in which it asserted that the U.S. patent listed in the FDA’s Orange Book for the Company’s Trulance® tablets, 3 mg, were invalid, unenforceable and/or would not be infringed by the commercial manufacture, use or sale of Auro’s generic plecanatide tablets, 3 mg. The filing of this suit triggered a 30-month stay of the approval of the Auro ANDA for plecanatide tablets.
The Company remains confident in the strength of the Trulance® patents and intends to vigorously pursue this matter and defend its intellectual property.
PreserVision® AREDS Patent Litigation
PreserVision® AREDS and PreserVision® AREDS 2 are over the counter eye vitamin formulas for those with moderate-to-advanced age-related degeneration (“AMD”). The PreserVision® U.S. formulation patent expired in March 2021, but a patent covering methods of using the formulation remains in force into 2026. Bausch & Lomb Incorporated (“B&L Inc.”) has filed patent infringement proceedings against 19 named defendants in 16 proceedings, claiming infringement of these patents and, in certain circumstances, related unfair competition and false advertising causes of action. Twelve of these proceedings were subsequently settled; two resulted in a default. As of the date of this filing, there are two ongoing actions: (1) Bausch & Lomb Inc. & PF Consumer Healthcare 1 LLC v. ZeaVision LLC, C.A. No. 4:22-cv-00914-AGF (E.D. Mo.) and (2) Bausch & Lomb Inc. & PF Consumer Healthcare 1 LLC v. SBH Holdings LLC, C.A. No. 20-cv-01463-GBW-CJB (D. Del.). Bausch + Lomb remains confident in the strength of these patents and B&L Inc. intends to continue to vigorously pursue these matters and defend its intellectual property.
Patent Litigation against Certain Ocuvite and PreserVision
On June 22, 2021, ZeaVision, LLC (“ZeaVision”) filed a complaint for patent infringement against certain of the Ocuvite® and PreserVision® products in the Eastern District of Missouri (Case No. 4:21-cv-00739-RWS). On June 29, 2021, ZeaVision amended its complaint to assert a second patent against certain of the Ocuvite® and PreserVision® products. On November 16, 2021, ZeaVision filed an additional complaint for patent infringement to assert a third patent against certain of the PreserVision® products (Case No. 4:21-cv-01352-RWS). On March 1, 2022, the cases were consolidated. On March 10, 2022, the court granted Bausch + Lomb’s motion to stay all proceedings pending inter partes review. On July 8, 2022, ZeaVision filed a motion to partially lift the stay to allow Case No. 4:21-cv-00739-RWS to proceed, and this motion was denied. The Company disputes the claims and intends to vigorously defend this matter.
Lumify® Paragraph IV Proceedings
On August 16, 2021, B&L Inc. received a Notice of Paragraph IV Certification from Slayback Pharma LLC (“Slayback”), in which Slayback asserted that certain U.S. patents, each of which is listed in the FDA’s Orange Book for Lumify®
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(brimonidine tartrate solution) drops (the “Lumify Patents”), are either invalid, unenforceable and/or will not be infringed by the commercial manufacture, use or sale of Slayback’s generic drops, for which an ANDA has been filed by Slayback. B&L Inc., through its affiliate Bausch + Lomb Ireland Limited, exclusively licenses the Lumify Patents from Eye Therapies, LLC (“Eye Therapies”). On September 10, 2021, B&L Inc., Bausch + Lomb Ireland Limited and Eye Therapies filed suit against Slayback pursuant to the Hatch-Waxman Act, alleging infringement by Slayback of one or more claims of the Lumify Patents, thereby triggering a 30-month stay of the approval of the Slayback ANDA.
On January 20, 2022, B&L Inc. received a Notice of Paragraph IV Certification from Lupin Ltd. (“Lupin”), in which Lupin asserted that certain U.S. patents, each of which is listed in the FDA’s Orange Book for Lumify® (brimonidine tartrate solution) drops (the “Lumify Patents”), are either invalid, unenforceable and/or will not be infringed by the commercial manufacture, use or sale of Lupin’s generic brimonidine tartrate solution, for which its ANDA No. 216716 has been filed by Lupin. On February 2, 2022, B&L Inc., Bausch + Lomb Ireland Limited and Eye Therapies filed suit against Lupin pursuant to the Hatch-Waxman Act, alleging patent infringement by Lupin of one or more claims of the Lumify Patents, thereby triggering a 30-month stay of the approval of the Lupin ANDA.
B&L Inc. remains confident in the strength of the Lumify® related patents and B&L Inc. intends to vigorously defend its intellectual property.
Inter Partes Review Proceedings at the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
In addition, patents covering the Company’s branded pharmaceutical products may be challenged in proceedings other than court proceedings, including inter partes review (“IPR”) at the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office. The proceedings operate under different standards from district court proceedings, and are often completed within 18 months of institution. IPR challenges have been brought against patents covering the Company’s branded pharmaceutical products.
Following Acrux DDS’s IPR petition, the U.S. Patent and Trial Appeal Board (“PTAB”), in May 2017, instituted inter partes review for an Orange Book-listed patent covering Jublia® (U.S. Patent No. 7,214,506 (the “‘506 Patent”)) and, on June 6, 2018, issued a written determination invalidating such patent. An appeal of this decision was filed on August 7, 2018. On March 13, 2020, the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit reversed this decision and remanded the matter back to the PTAB for further proceedings. As a result of a settlement, a joint motion to terminate the proceedings was filed on November 12, 2020 and, on January 8, 2021, the PTAB granted this motion. The ‘506 Patent, therefore, remains valid and enforceable and expires in 2026. Jublia® is covered by sixteen Orange Book-listed patents owned by the Company or its licensor, which expire in the years 2026 through 2035. In 2018, the Company received notices of the filing of a number of ANDAs with paragraph IV certification, and timely filed patent infringement suits against these ANDA filers, and, in addition, the Company has also commenced certain patent infringement proceedings in Canada. All cases in the U.S. regarding Jublia® have been settled. Three lawsuits are pending in Canada regarding Jublia® against Apotex Inc. and Pharmascience Inc.
Mylan and MSN have filed IPR petitions for certain U.S. patents listed in the FDA Orange Book for Trulance® (plecanatide). On March 21, 2022, Mylan filed a petition for IPR of U.S. Patent No. 7,041,786. On October 12, 2022, MSN also filed a petition for IPR of U.S. Patent No. 7,041,786 and the PTAB then issued a decision on December 14, 2022, instituting MSN’s IPR and joining it with Mylan’s IPR. On June 10, 2022, Mylan filed petitions for IPR of U.S. Patent Nos. 9,610,321, 9,616,097, 9,919,024 and 9,925,231. In the Company’s favor, the PTAB issued decisions on Jan. 4, 2022, denying Mylan’s petitions.
The Company remains confident in the strength of these patents and intends to vigorously defend its intellectual property.
Product Liability
Shower to Shower® Products Liability Litigation
Since 2016, the Company has been named in a number of product liability lawsuits involving the Shower to Shower® body powder product acquired in September 2012 from Johnson & Johnson; due to dismissals, twenty-six (26) of such product liability suits currently remain pending. In three (3) cases pending in the Atlantic County, New Jersey Multi-County Litigation, agreed stipulations of dismissal have been entered by the Court, thus dismissing the Company from those cases. Potential liability (including its attorneys’ fees and costs) arising out of these remaining suits is subject to full indemnification obligations of Johnson & Johnson owed to the Company and its affiliates, and legal fees and costs will be paid by Johnson & Johnson. Twenty-five (25) of these lawsuits filed by individual plaintiffs allege that the use of Shower to Shower® caused the plaintiffs to develop ovarian cancer, mesothelioma or breast cancer. The allegations in these cases include failure to warn, design defect, manufacturing defect, negligence, gross negligence, breach of express and implied warranties, civil conspiracy concert in action, negligent misrepresentation, wrongful death, loss of consortium and/or punitive damages. The damages sought include compensatory damages, including medical expenses, lost wages or earning capacity, loss of consortium and/or compensation for pain and suffering, mental anguish anxiety and discomfort, physical impairment and loss of enjoyment of life. Plaintiffs also seek pre- and post-judgment interest, exemplary and punitive damages, and attorneys’ fees. Additionally,
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two proposed class actions have been filed in Canada against the Company and various Johnson & Johnson entities (one in the Supreme Court of British Columbia and one in the Superior Court of Quebec), on behalf of persons who have purchased or used Johnson & Johnson’s Baby Powder or Shower to Shower®. The class actions allege the use of the product increases certain health risks (British Columbia) or negligence in failing to properly test, failing to warn of health risks, and failing to remove the products from the market in a timely manner (Quebec). The plaintiffs in these actions are seeking awards of general, special, compensatory and punitive damages. On November 17, 2020, the British Columbia court issued a judgment declining to certify a class as to the Company or Shower to Shower®, and at this time no appeal of that judgment has been filed. On December 16, 2021, the plaintiff in the British Columbia class action filed a Second Amended Notice of Civil Claim and Application for Certification, removing the Company as a defendant; as a result, the British Columbia class action is concluded as to the Company.
Johnson & Johnson, through one or more subsidiaries, has purported to have completed a Texas divisional merger with respect to any talc liabilities at Johnson & Johnson Consumer, Inc. (“JJCI”). LTL Management, LLC (“LTL”), the resulting entity of the divisional merger, assumed JJCI’s talc liabilities and thereafter filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Western District of North Carolina. Pursuant to court orders entered in November 2021, the case was transferred to the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey (the “Bankruptcy Court”), and substantially all cases related to Johnson & Johnson’s talc liability were stayed for a period of 60 days pursuant to a preliminary injunction. Notwithstanding the divisional merger and LTL’s bankruptcy case, the Company and its affiliates continue to have indemnification claims and rights against Johnson & Johnson and LTL pursuant to the terms of the indemnification agreement entered into between JJCI and its affiliates and the Company and its affiliates, which indemnification agreement remains in effect. As a result, it is the Company’s current expectation that it will not incur any material impairments with respect to its indemnification claims as a result of the divisional merger or the bankruptcy. In December 2021, certain talc claimants filed motions to dismiss the bankruptcy case. Shortly thereafter, LTL filed a motion in the Bankruptcy Court to extend the 60-day preliminary injunction. On February 25, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered orders denying the motions to dismiss and extending the preliminary injunction staying substantially all cases subject to the indemnification agreement related to Johnson & Johnson’s talc liability through at least June 29, 2022, which it later extended indefinitely. The order denying the motions to dismiss and the order extending the preliminary injunction were subject to appeal and the Bankruptcy Court certified their appeals directly to the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit. On May 11, 2022, the Third Circuit granted authorization for the parties to proceed with their direct appeals. Oral argument before the Third Circuit was held on September 19, 2022. On January 30, 2023, a unanimous three-judge Third Circuit Court of Appeals panel issued its decision directing the Bankruptcy Court to dismiss LTL’s bankruptcy case, concluding that LTL was not in financial distress and could not file a bankruptcy case in good faith. LTL requested a rehearing and on March 22, 2023, the Third Circuit denied LTL’s rehearing request. Thereafter LTL moved for a stay of the mandate of the Third Circuit’s dismissal decision while LTL sought review by the Supreme Court. On March 31, 2023, the Third Circuit denied LTL’s stay motion. At that juncture, the Bankruptcy Court determined it appropriate to discontinue the proceedings pending there, and on April 4, 2023, entered orders dismissing the bankruptcy case and related adversary proceedings and terminating the preliminary injunction.
However, on April 4, 2023, LTL re-filed for chapter 11 in the Bankruptcy Court and again commenced an adversary proceeding seeking a preliminary injunction enjoining substantially all cases subject to the indemnification agreement. The Bankruptcy Court granted a temporary restraining order enjoining litigation against the “Protected Parties” including the Bausch entities. The Bankruptcy Court held a hearing on April 18, 2023, to consider the preliminary injunction, and on April 20, 2023, the Bankruptcy Court ordered a preliminary injunction solely on a limited basis to enjoin the commencement or continuation of any trial against any Protected Party (including the Bausch entities). The injunction does not enjoin the commencement of a new suit or any discovery or pre-trial activity in pending suits. The talc claimants have sought to have the decision certified for direct appeal to the Third Circuit. Additionally, the Bankruptcy Court will be ordering the parties to continue mediation, and will consider proposals for mediators, a Future Claims Representative, and a fee examiner at a hearing scheduled for May 3, 2023. On April 24, 2023, the talc claimants filed a motion to dismiss the newly filed Chapter 11 case and a hearing is scheduled for May 22, 2023. Meanwhile, LTL has stated that it intends to file a plan of reorganization by May 14, 2023.
If the bankruptcy case is ultimately dismissed, the Company’s position vis a vis J&J would return to the status quo prior to the filing. The litigation against the Company and other defendants will no longer be stayed, and LTL and J&J will continue to have indemnification obligations running to the Company and its affiliates for Shower-to-Shower related product liability litigation.
To the extent that any cases proceed during the pendency of the bankruptcy case, or if the case is ultimately dismissed, it is the Company’s expectation that Johnson & Johnson, in accordance with the indemnification agreement, will continue to vigorously defend the Company in each of the remaining actions.
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General Civil Actions
U.S. Securities Litigation - New Jersey Declaratory Judgment Lawsu it
On March 24, 2022, the Company and Bausch + Lomb were named in a declaratory judgment action in the Superior Court of New Jersey, Somerset County, Chancery Division, brought by certain individual investors in the Company’s common shares and debt securities who are also maintaining individual securities fraud claims against the Company and certain current or former officers and directors as part of the U.S. Securities Litigation. This action seeks a declaratory judgment that alleged transfers of certain Company assets to Bausch + Lomb would constitute a voidable transfer under the New Jersey Voidable Transactions Act and that Bausch + Lomb would be liable for damages, if any, awarded against the Company in the individual opt-out actions. The declaratory judgment action alleges that the future potential separation of Bausch + Lomb from the Company by distribution of Bausch + Lomb stock to the Company’s shareholders would leave the Company with inadequate financial resources to satisfy these plaintiffs’ alleged securities fraud damages in the underlying individual opt-out actions. None of the plaintiffs in this declaratory judgment action have obtained a judgment against the Company in the underlying individual opt-out actions and the Company disputes the claims against it in those underlying actions. The underlying individual opt-out actions assert claims under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act, and certain actions assert claims under Section 18 of the Exchange Act. The allegations in those underlying individual opt out actions are made against the Company and several of its former officers and directors only and relate to, among other things, allegedly false and misleading statements made during the 2013-2016 time period by the Company and/or failures to disclose information about the Company’s business and prospects including relating to drug pricing and the use of specialty pharmacies. On March 31, 2022, the Company and Bausch + Lomb removed the action to the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey. On April 29, 2022, Plaintiffs filed a motion to remand. On November 29, 2022, the District Court granted Plaintiffs’ remand motion and the case was remanded to the Superior Court. On December 8, 2022, Plaintiffs filed a proposed Order to Show Cause and motion for a preliminary injunction, and sought interim relief including expedited discovery. On December 13, 2022, the Court denied Plaintiffs’ proposed Order to Show Cause and stayed discovery pending the resolution of the Company and Bausch + Lomb’s forthcoming motions to dismiss, while instructing the Company to provide certain notice to Plaintiffs of the intended completion of the distribution referenced above under certain circumstances. On December 22, 2022, Plaintiffs filed an amended complaint which, among other things, added claims seeking injunctive relief. On January 11, 2023, the Company and Bausch + Lomb moved to dismiss the amended complaint. Briefing was complete on February 24, 2023, and the motion to dismiss was heard on March 3, 2023. On April 3, 2023, the court issued a decision granting in part and denying in part the motion to dismiss.
Both the Company and Bausch + Lomb dispute the claims in this declaratory judgment action and intend to vigorously defend this matter.
California Proposition 65 Related Matter
On June 19, 2019, plaintiffs filed a proposed class action in California state court against Bausch Health US and Johnson & Johnson (Gutierrez, et al. v. Johnson & Johnson, et al., Case No. 37-2019-00025810-CU-NP-CTL), asserting claims for purported violations of the California Consumer Legal Remedies Act, False Advertising Law and Unfair Competition Law in connection with their sale of talcum powder products that the plaintiffs allege violated Proposition 65 and/or the California Safe Cosmetics Act. This lawsuit was served on Bausch Health US in June 2019 and was subsequently removed to the United States District Court for the Southern District of California, where it is currently pending. Plaintiffs seek damages, disgorgement of profits, injunctive relief, and reimbursement/restitution. Bausch Health US filed a motion to dismiss Plaintiffs’ claims, which was granted in April 2020 without prejudice. In May 2020, Plaintiffs filed an amended complaint and in June 2020, filed a motion for leave to amend the complaint further, which was granted. In August 2020, Plaintiffs filed the Fifth Amended Complaint. On January 22, 2021, the Court granted the motion to dismiss with prejudice. On February 19, 2021, Plaintiffs filed a Notice of Appeal with the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. On July 1, 2021, Appellants (Plaintiffs) filed their opening brief; Appellees’ response briefs were filed on October 8, 2021. This matter was stayed by the Ninth Circuit on December 7, 2021, due to the preliminary injunction entered by the Bankruptcy Court in the LTL bankruptcy proceeding. This stay included Appellants’ reply brief deadline, which was previously due to be filed on or before December 2, 2021. On March 9, 2022, the Ninth Circuit issued an order extending the stay through July 29, 2022. On July 29, 2022, Johnson & Johnson filed a status report in the Gutierrez appeal, outlining the developments since the last status report and the imposition of the stay. Johnson & Johnson noted that following a July 26, 2022, hearing, the Bankruptcy Court left the preliminary injunction in place, and asked the Ninth Circuit to continue to stay this action while the bankruptcy preliminary injunction remained in place. On January 20, 2023, the Ninth Circuit extended the stay until February 17, 2023. On February 17, 2023, Johnson & Johnson requested the court afford it sixty (60) days – until April 18, 2023, or seven (7) days following any lifting of the LTL Bankruptcy Court’s preliminary injunction – whichever comes earliest – to provide an additional status report about the bankruptcy proceeding and the Third Circuit dismissal for which LTL has requested a rehearing. On April 7, 2023, Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc. filed a status report regarding the bankruptcy proceeding advising the Court of the dismissal of the prior bankruptcy proceeding and the filing of the second bankruptcy proceeding, as well as the preliminary
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injunction and stay order, and requesting the stay of the appeal remain in place until May 10, 2023. The Ninth Circuit has not yet acted on that request.
The Company and Bausch Health US dispute the claims against them and intend to defend this lawsuit vigorously.
New Mexico Attorney General Consumer Protection Action
The Company and Bausch Health US were named in an action brought by State of New Mexico ex rel. Hector H. Balderas, Attorney General of New Mexico, in the County of Santa Fe New Mexico First Judicial District Court (New Mexico ex rel. Balderas v. Johnson & Johnson, et al., Civil Action No. D-101-CV-2020-00013, filed on January 2, 2020), alleging consumer protection claims against Johnson & Johnson and Johnson & Johnson Consumer, Inc., the Company and Bausch Health US related to Shower to Shower® and its alleged causal link to mesothelioma and other cancers. In April 2020, Bausch Health US filed a motion to dismiss, which in September 2020, the Court granted in part as to the New Mexico Medicaid Fraud Act and New Mexico Fraud Against Taxpayers Act claims and denied as to all other claims. The State of New Mexico brings claims against all defendants under the New Mexico Unfair Practices Act and other common law and equitable causes of action, alleging defendants engaged in wrongful marketing, sale and promotion of talcum powder products. The lawsuit seeks to recover the cost of the talcum powder products as well as the cost of treating asbestos-related cancers allegedly caused by those products. Bausch Health US filed its answer on November 16, 2020. On December 30, 2020 Johnson & Johnson filed a Motion for Partial Judgment on the Pleadings and on January 4, 2021, Bausch Health US filed a joinder to that motion, which was denied on March 8, 2021. Trial was scheduled to begin on May 30, 2023, until the case was stayed by an interlocutory appeal to the New Mexico Supreme Court by Johnson & Johnson.
On July 14, 2022, LTL filed an adversary proceeding in the Bankruptcy Court (Case No. 21-30589, Adv. Pro. No. 22-01231) against the State of New Mexico ex rel. Hector H. Balderas, Attorney General, and a motion seeking an injunction barring the New Mexico Attorney General from continuing to prosecute the action while the bankruptcy case is pending. A hearing was held on September 14, 2022, and on October 4, 2022, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order granting the injunction. The New Mexico and Mississippi Attorneys General appealed the order granting the preliminary injunction and sought direct appeal to the Third Circuit. The Bankruptcy Court certified the matter for direct appeal to the Third Circuit Court of Appeals. Following the Third Circuit’s decision requiring dismissal of the main bankruptcy proceeding, and its subsequent denials of LTL’s requests for a rehearing or a stay pending disposition by the Supreme Court, on April 4, 2023, the Bankruptcy Court entered orders dismissing the bankruptcy case and related adversary proceedings. However, also on April 4, 2023, LTL re-filed for chapter 11 in the Bankruptcy Court and again sought a preliminary injunction, though it does not currently include this lawsuit. The Bankruptcy Court did not grant the broad preliminary injunction requested and, instead, issued a preliminary injunction solely on a limited basis to enjoin the commencement or continuation of any trial against any Protected Party. However, this action remains stayed due to a separate September 13, 2022, stay order from the New Mexico Supreme Court in a pending appeal from a Motion to Compel filed by Johnson & Johnson. Accordingly, at this time this matter remains stayed pending the outcome of that appeal.
The Company and Bausch Health US dispute the claims against them and intend to defend this lawsuit vigorously.
Other General Civil Actions
Litigation with Former Salix CEO
On January 28, 2019, former Salix Ltd. CEO and director Carolyn Logan filed a lawsuit in the Delaware Court of Chancery, asserting claims for breach of contract and declaratory relief. On November 19, 2021, Logan amended her complaint to add a claim for breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing. The lawsuit arises out of the contractual termination of approximately $30 million in unvested equity awards following the determination by the Salix Ltd. Board of Directors that Logan intentionally engaged in wrongdoing that resulted, or would reasonably be expected to result, in material harm to Salix Ltd., or to the business or reputation of Salix Ltd. Logan seeks the restoration of the unvested equity awards and a declaration regarding certain rights related to indemnification. On June 20, 2019, the Court entered an order staying the claim for declaratory relief pending the final resolution of the breach of contract claim. Trial is scheduled to commence on September 11, 2023.
The Company disputes the claims against it and intends to defend itself vigorously.
Doctors Allergy Formula Lawsuit
In April 2018, Doctors Allergy Formula, LLC (“Doctors Allergy”), filed a lawsuit against Bausch Health Americas in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of New York, asserting breach of contract and related claims under a 2015 Asset Purchase Agreement, which purports to include milestone payments that Doctors Allergy alleges should have been paid by Bausch Health Americas. Doctors Allergy claims its damages are not less than $23 million. Bausch Health Americas has asserted counterclaims against Doctors Allergy. Bausch Health Americas filed a motion seeking an order granting Bausch
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Health Americas summary judgment on its counterclaims against Plaintiff and dismissing Plaintiff’s claims against it. The motion was fully briefed as of May 2021. The Court held a hearing on the motion on January 25, 2022. The motion remains pending. Bausch Health Americas disputes the claims against it and intends to continue to defend itself vigorously.
18.SEGMENT INFORMATION
Reportable Segments
The following is a brief description of the Company’s segments:
•The Salix segment consists of sales in the U.S. of GI products. Sales of the Xifaxan® product line represented approximately 80% of the Salix segment’s revenues.
•The International segment consists of sales, with the exception of sales of Bausch + Lomb products and Solta Medical aesthetic medical devices, outside the U.S. and Puerto Rico of branded pharmaceutical products, branded generic pharmaceutical products and OTC products.
•The Solta Medical segment consists of global sales of Solta Medical aesthetic medical devices.
•The Diversified (formerly Diversified Products) segment consists of sales in the U.S. of: (i) pharmaceutical products in the areas of neurology and certain other therapeutic classes, (ii) dermatology products, (iii) generic pharmaceutical products and (iv) dentistry products.
•The Bausch + Lomb segment consists of global sales of Bausch + Lomb Vision Care, Surgical and Ophthalmic Pharmaceuticals products.
Segment profit is based on operating income after the elimination of intercompany transactions, including between Bausch + Lomb and other segments. Certain costs, such as Amortization of intangible assets, Asset impairments, Goodwill impairments, Restructuring, integration, separation and IPO costs and Other expense, net, are not included in the measure of segment profit, as management excludes these items in assessing segment financial performance.
Corporate includes the finance, treasury, certain research and development programs, tax and legal operations of the Company’s businesses and incurs certain expenses, gains and losses related to the overall management of the Company, which are not allocated to the other business segments. In assessing segment performance and managing operations, management does not review segment assets. Furthermore, a portion of share-based compensation is considered a corporate cost, since the amount of such expense depends on company-wide performance rather than the operating performance of any single segment.
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Segment Revenues and Profits
Segment revenues and profits were as follows:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
(in millions) | 2023 |  | 2022 |  |  |  |
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Salix | $ | 496 |  |  | $ | 464 |  |  |  |  |
International | 247 |  |  | 244 |  |  |  |  |
Solta Medical | 73 |  |  | 72 |  |  |  |  |
Diversified | 197 |  |  | 249 |  |  |  |  |
Bausch + Lomb | 931 |  |  | 889 |  |  |  |  |
| $ | 1,944 |  |  | $ | 1,918 |  |  |  |  |
Segment profits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Salix | $ | 314 |  |  | $ | 322 |  |  |  |  |
International | 77 |  |  | 91 |  |  |  |  |
Solta Medical | 36 |  |  | 35 |  |  |  |  |
Diversified | 107 |  |  | 158 |  |  |  |  |
Bausch + Lomb | 211 |  |  | 206 |  |  |  |  |
| 745 |  |  | 812 |  |  |  |  |
Corporate | (251) |  |  | (194) |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of intangible assets | (273) |  |  | (310) |  |  |  |  |
Asset impairments | (13) |  |  | (8) |  |  |  |  |
Restructuring, integration, separation and IPO costs | (10) |  |  | (13) |  |  |  |  |
Other expense, net | (23) |  |  | (2) |  |  |  |  |
Operating income | 175 |  |  | 285 |  |  |  |  |
Interest income | 6 |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense | (307) |  |  | (362) |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange and other | (10) |  |  | (7) |  |  |  |  |
Loss before income taxes | $ | (136) |  |  | $ | (82) |  |  |  |  |

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Revenues by Segment and Product Category
Revenues by segment and product category were as follows:

(in millions) | Salix |  | International |  | Solta Medical |  | Diversified |  | Bausch + Lomb |  | Total
| Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Pharmaceuticals | $ | 496 |  |  | $ | 57 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 162 |  |  | $ | 108 |  |  | $ | 823 |
Devices | — |  |  | — |  |  | 73 |  |  | — |  |  | 406 |  |  | 479 |
OTC | — |  |  | 39 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 353 |  |  | 394 |
Branded and Other Generics | — |  |  | 138 |  |  | — |  |  | 27 |  |  | 61 |  |  | 226 |
Other revenues | — |  |  | 13 |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 22 |
| $ | 496 |  |  | $ | 247 |  |  | $ | 73 |  |  | $ | 197 |  |  | $ | 931 |  |  | $ | 1,944 |
| Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Pharmaceuticals | $ | 464 |  |  | $ | 58 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 205 |  |  | $ | 107 |  |  | $ | 834 |
Devices | — |  |  | — |  |  | 72 |  |  | — |  |  | 386 |  |  | 458 |
OTC | — |  |  | 38 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 336 |  |  | 376 |
Branded and Other Generics | — |  |  | 133 |  |  | — |  |  | 36 |  |  | 54 |  |  | 223 |
Other revenues | — |  |  | 15 |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 27 |
| $ | 464 |  |  | $ | 244 |  |  | $ | 72 |  |  | $ | 249 |  |  | $ | 889 |  |  | $ | 1,918 |

The top ten products for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 represented 48% and 47% of total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Geographic Information
Revenues are attributed to a geographic region based on the location of the customer and were as follows:

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions) |  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022
U.S. and Puerto Rico |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,111 |  |  | $ | 1,115 |
China |  |  |  |  | 88 |  |  | 103 |
Canada |  |  |  |  | 84 |  |  | 78 |
Poland |  |  |  |  | 75 |  |  | 76 |
Mexico |  |  |  |  | 69 |  |  | 61 |
France |  |  |  |  | 57 |  |  | 57 |
Japan |  |  |  |  | 50 |  |  | 51 |
Germany |  |  |  |  | 43 |  |  | 45 |
United Kingdom |  |  |  |  | 30 |  |  | 28 |
Russia |  |  |  |  | 34 |  |  | 25 |
Spain |  |  |  |  | 22 |  |  | 21 |
Italy |  |  |  |  | 21 |  |  | 20 |
South Korea |  |  |  |  | 22 |  |  | 19 |
Other |  |  |  |  | 238 |  |  | 219 |
|  |  |  |  | $ | 1,944 |  |  | $ | 1,918 |

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Major Customers
Customers that accounted for 10% or more of total revenues were as follows:

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022
AmerisourceBergen Corporation | 19% |  | 18%
McKesson Corporation (including McKesson Specialty) | 14% |  | 14%
Cardinal Health, Inc. | 13% |  | 13%

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
INTRODUCTION
Unless the context otherwise indicates, as used in this “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” the terms “we,” “us,” “our,” “the Company,” “Bausch Health,” and similar terms refer to Bausch Health Companies Inc. and its subsidiaries, taken together. This “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” should be read in conjunction with the unaudited interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes (the “Financial Statements”) included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023 (this “Form 10-Q”). The matters discussed in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” contain certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of The Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of The Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and that may be forward-looking information within the meaning of applicable Canadian securities laws (collectively “Forward-Looking Statements”). See “Forward-Looking Statements” at the end of this Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Our accompanying unaudited interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements as of March 31, 2023 and for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) for interim financial statements, and should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2022, which were included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 23, 2023. In our opinion, the unaudited interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal and recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows for the periods indicated. Additional company information is available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com and on the SEC website at www.sec.gov. All currency amounts are expressed in U.S. dollars, unless otherwise noted. Certain defined terms used herein have the meaning ascribed to them in the Financial Statements.
OVERVIEW
We are a global, diversified specialty pharmaceutical and medical device company that develops, manufactures and markets, primarily in the therapeutic areas of gastroenterology (“GI”), hepatology, neurology and dermatology, a broad range of branded, generic and branded generic pharmaceuticals, over-the-counter (“OTC”) products and aesthetic medical devices, and, through our approximately 89% ownership of Bausch + Lomb Corporation (“Bausch + Lomb”), branded, and branded generic pharmaceuticals, OTC products and medical devices (contact lenses, intraocular lenses, ophthalmic surgical equipment) in the therapeutic areas of eye health. Our products are marketed directly or indirectly in approximately 100 countries.
Our portfolio of products falls into five reportable segments: (i) Salix, (ii) International, (iii) Solta Medical, (iv) Diversified (formerly Diversified Products) and (v) Bausch + Lomb. The following is a brief description of the Company’s segments:
•The Salix segment consists of sales in the U.S. of GI products. Sales of the Xifaxan® product line represented approximately 80% of the Salix segment’s revenues.
•The International segment consists of sales, with the exception of sales of Bausch + Lomb products and Solta Medical aesthetic medical devices, outside the U.S. and Puerto Rico of branded pharmaceutical products, branded generic pharmaceutical products and OTC products.
•The Solta Medical segment consists of global sales of Solta Medical aesthetic medical devices.
•The Diversified segment consists of sales in the U.S. of: (i) pharmaceutical products in the areas of neurology and certain other therapeutic classes, (ii) Dermatology (formerly Ortho Dermatologics) products, (iii) generic pharmaceutical products and (iv) dentistry products.
•The Bausch + Lomb segment consists of global sales of Bausch + Lomb Vision Care, Surgical and Ophthalmic Pharmaceuticals products.
For additional discussion of our reportable segments, see the subsection “ — Segment Revenues and Profits” of Note 18, “SEGMENT INFORMATION” to our unaudited interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Separation of the Bausch + Lomb Eye Health Business
On August 6, 2020, we announced our plan to separate our eye health business consisting of our Bausch + Lomb global Vision Care, Surgical and Ophthalmic Pharmaceuticals businesses into an independent publicly traded entity, Bausch + Lomb
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Corporation (“Bausch + Lomb” or “B+L”) from the remainder of Bausch Health Companies Inc. (the “B+L Separation”). On May 5, 2022, the registration statement related to the initial public offering of Bausch +Lomb (the “B+L IPO”) was declared effective, and B+L’s common stock began trading on the New York Stock Exchange and the Toronto Stock Exchange, in each case under the ticker symbol “BLCO” on May 6, 2022. Prior to the effectiveness of the registration statement, B+L was an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Bausch Health. On May 10, 2022, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Bausch Health sold 35,000,000 common shares of B+L pursuant to the B+L IPO. Upon the closing of the B+L IPO and after giving effect to the subsequent partial exercise of the over-allotment option by the underwriters, Bausch Health indirectly holds 310,449,643 common shares of Bausch + Lomb, which represents approximately 89% of B+L’s outstanding common shares as of the date of this filing.
We continue to believe that completing the B+L Separation makes strategic sense. The completion of the B+L Separation is subject to the achievement of targeted debt leverage ratios and the receipt of applicable shareholder and other necessary approvals. We continue to evaluate all relevant factors and considerations related to the B+L Separation, including the effect of the Norwich Legal Decision (see “Xifaxan® Paragraph IV Proceedings” of Note 17, “LEGAL PROCEEDINGS” to our unaudited interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements) on the B+L Separation.
The B+L Separation, if consummated, will result in two separate, independent companies:
•Bausch Health excluding Bausch + Lomb - a diversified pharmaceutical company with leading positions in gastroenterology, hepatology, dermatology, neurology and international pharmaceuticals, and aesthetic medical devices. The remaining pharmaceutical entity will comprise a diversified portfolio of our leading durable brands across the Salix, International, dentistry, neurology, medical dermatology and generics, and aesthetic medical devices businesses; and
•Bausch + Lomb - a fully integrated eye health company built on the iconic Bausch + Lomb brand and long history of innovation.
As independent entities, management believes that each company will be better positioned to individually focus on its core businesses to drive additional growth, more effectively allocate capital and better manage its respective capital needs. Further, the B+L Separation will allow us and the market to compare the operating results of each entity with other peer companies. Although management believes the B+L Separation will unlock value, there can be no assurance that it will be successful in doing so.
See Item 1A. “Risk Factors — Risk Relating to the B+L Separation” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC and the CSA on February 23, 2023, for additional risks relating to the B+L Separation.
Focus on Value and Core Businesses
We continue to execute on a multi-year plan designed to transform and bring out value in our Company, which includes focus on, among other factors, our: product portfolio, infrastructure, geographic footprint, capital structure and risk management. We believe that these and other actions we have taken have helped to focus our operations and improve our capital structure.
To position ourselves to unlock the value we see in our individual businesses, we have sought to right-size our portfolio of assets and provide financial flexibility. In line with this focus on our core businesses, we have: (i) made measurable progress in effectively managing our capital structure, including taking actions to reduce the principal balances of our long-term debt, (ii) directed capital allocation to drive growth within these core businesses, (iii) divested assets to improve our capital structure and simplify our business, (iv) resolved certain of the Company’s legacy litigation matters originating back to 2015 and prior, (v) increased our efforts to improve patient access and (vi) continued to invest in sustainable growth drivers to position us for long-term growth.
We believe that these and other actions we have taken to transform our Company, have helped focus our operations, unlocked value across our product portfolios, improved our capital structure and mitigated certain risks associated with legacy litigation matters. We believe that these measures, along with our continued commitment to improving people’s lives through our health products, help position us to unlock potential value across our portfolio of assets by separating our eye health and pharmaceutical businesses.
Effectively Managing Our Capital Structure
At the time of our announcement of the B+L Separation, we emphasized that it is important that the post-separation entities be well capitalized, with appropriate leverage and with access to additional capital, if and when needed, to provide each entity with the ability to independently allocate capital to areas that will strengthen their own competitive positions in their respective lines of business and position each entity for sustainable growth. Therefore, we see the appropriate
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capitalization and leverage of these businesses post-separation as a key to maximizing value across our portfolio of assets and, as such, it is a primary objective of our plan of separation. For additional details on the B+L Separation, see “Separation of the Bausch + Lomb Eye Health Business” in Note 2, “SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES” to our unaudited interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Managing Our Capital Structure in 2022
During 2022, we reduced the aggregate principal amount of our debt obligations by approximately $3,800 million, as we: (i) utilized the net proceeds from the B+L IPO which closed on May 10, 2022, to make repayments of debt, (ii) reduced our debt through open market repurchases of debt with a principal value of approximately $927 million for approximately $550 million, (iii) extended the maturities of our debt through refinancing and (iv) completed an exchange offer which reduced the outstanding principal balance of our debt by $2,469 million by exchanging $5,594 million of aggregate principal value of existing unsecured senior notes (the “Existing Unsecured Senior Notes”) for newly issued secured notes with an aggregate principal balance of $3,125 million (the “Exchange Offer”).
The B+L IPO, 2022 Notes Issuance and Credit Agreement Refinancing - In connection with the B+L IPO, we completed a series of transactions in support of our commitment to improve our liquidity, reduce our leverage and better capitalize the two business entities post-separation. These transactions included:
•On February 10, 2022, the Company issued $1,000 million aggregate principal amount of 6.125% Senior Secured Notes due February 2027 (the “February 2027 Secured Notes”).
•On May 10, 2022:
•The B+L IPO closed, with aggregate net proceeds (including the partial exercise of the over-allotment option by the underwriters), after deducting underwriting commissions, of approximately $675 million.
•The Company entered into the 2022 Amended Credit Agreement as defined and discussed in Note 10, “FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS” to our unaudited interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The 2022 Amended Credit Agreement consists of new term loans of $2,500 million and a revolving credit facility of $975 million.
•Bausch + Lomb entered into the B+L Credit Agreement, as defined and discussed in Note 10, “FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS” to our unaudited interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The B+L Credit Agreement provides for a five-year term loan facility in an initial principal amount of $2,500 million and also provides for a five-year revolving credit facility of $500 million.
The net proceeds from these transactions, along with cash on hand, allowed us to: (i) repay certain amounts outstanding under our then existing June 2025 Term Loan B Facility and November 2025 Term Loan B Facility (each as defined and discussed in Note 10, “FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS” to our unaudited interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, (ii) replace our existing revolving credit facility which was due to mature in 2023, with revolving credit facilities that mature in 2027, (iii) redeem in full all of our then outstanding 6.125% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2025 (the “April 2025 Unsecured Notes”) and (iv) replace our then remaining amounts outstanding under our June 2025 Term Loan B Facility and November 2025 Term Loan B Facility with term loan facilities that were to expire in 2027.
Early Extinguishment of Debt - During 2022, through a series of transactions we repurchased and retired outstanding senior unsecured notes with an aggregate par value of $927 million in the open market for approximately $550 million using: (i) the net proceeds from the partial exercise of the over-allotment option in the B+L IPO by the underwriters, after deducting underwriting commissions, (ii) amounts available under our revolving credit facility and (iii) cash on hand.
Exchange Offer - As discussed in further detail below under “— Liquidity and Capital Resources — Liquidity and Debt — Long-term Debt”, we made the strategic decision based on the fair value of our Senior Unsecured Notes to undertake the Exchange Offer in September 2022. We exchanged certain validly tendered existing senior unsecured notes, with an aggregate outstanding principal balance of approximately $5,594 million with maturities of 2025 through 2031 for newly issued senior secured notes, with an aggregate principal balance of approximately $3,125 million with maturities of 2028 and 2030. After fees and expenses, the Exchange Offer reduced the principal balances of our outstanding debt obligations by $2,469 million and extended the maturities of approximately $2,400 million of principal balances coming due during the years 2025 through 2027 to the years 2028 and 2030.
The secured notes issued in the Exchange Offer consist of: (i) $1,774 million in aggregate principal amount of new 11.00% First Lien Secured Notes due 2028 (the “11.00% First Lien Secured Notes”) issued by the Company, (ii) $352 million in aggregate principal amount of new 14.00% Second Lien Secured Notes due 2030 (the “14.00% Second Lien Secured Notes”, and, together with the 11.00% First Lien Secured Notes, the “New BHC Secured Notes”) issued by the Company and (iii) $999 million in aggregate principal amount of new 9.00% Senior Secured Notes due 2028 (the “9.00%
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Intermediate Holdco Secured Notes”, and, together with the New BHC Secured Notes, the “New Secured Notes”) issued by 1375209 B.C. Ltd. (“Intermediate Holdco”), an existing wholly-owned unrestricted subsidiary of the Company that holds 38.6% of the issued and outstanding common shares of Bausch + Lomb.
Maturities of our principal balances of debt obligations as of March 31, 2023 were as follows:

(in millions) |  | Remainder of 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2026 |  | 2027 |  | 2028 |  | Thereafter |  | Total |
Total debt obligations |  | $ | 113 |  |  | $ | 150 |  |  | $ | 2,789 |  |  | $ | 891 |  |  | $ | 6,962 |  |  | $ | 4,990 |  |  | $ | 3,202 |  |  | $ | 19,097 |  |

We believe these transactions improve our overall capitalization and leverage.
See Note 10, “FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS” to our unaudited interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and “— Liquidity and Capital Resources — Liquidity and Debt — Long-term Debt” below for additional discussion of these matters. Cash requirements for future debt repayments including interest can be found in “— Liquidity and Capital Resources — Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Contractual Obligations.”
Continue to Manage our Capital Structure
We continue to monitor our capital structure and to evaluate other opportunities to simplify our business and improve our capital structure, giving us the ability to better focus on our core businesses. The Company regularly evaluates market conditions, its liquidity profile and various financing alternatives for opportunities to enhance its capital structure. If the Company determines that conditions are favorable, the Company may refinance or repurchase existing debt or issue additional debt, equity or equity-linked securities.
Direct Capital Allocation to Drive Growth Within Our Core Businesses
Our capital allocation is also driven by our long-term growth strategies. We allocate resources to promote our core businesses globally through: (i) strategic acquisitions, (ii) research and development (“R&D”) investment, (iii) strategic licensing agreements and (iv) strategic investments in our infrastructure. We believe that the outcome of this process allows us to better drive value in our product portfolio and generate operational efficiencies.
R&D Investment
We search for new product opportunities through internal development and strategic licensing agreements, that, if successful, will allow us to leverage our commercial footprint, particularly our sales force, and supplement our existing product portfolio and address specific unmet needs in the market.
Our internal R&D organization focuses on the development of products through clinical trials. As of December 31, 2022, approximately 1,300 dedicated R&D and quality assurance employees in 25 R&D facilities were involved in our R&D efforts internally.
As of March 31, 2023, we had approximately 100 projects in our global pipeline. Certain core internal R&D projects that have received a significant portion of our R&D investment in current and prior periods are listed below.
Gastrointestinal
•Rifaximin -
◦Two global Phase 3 studies for the use of a rifaximin soluble solid dispersion (“SSD”) formulation for the prevention of overt hepatic encephalopathy (“OHE”) in patients with early decompensation in liver cirrhosis (RED-C) have commenced and are actively enrolling. Based on the top line results of a Phase 2 study, patients receiving 40 mg twice daily showed a statistically significant separation from placebo. We have completed scientific advisory meetings with the Medicines Evaluation Board in the Netherlands and with Health Canada, with plans to meet with authorities in Japan and China later this year.
◦Recently received orphan drug designation for sickle cell disease. A phase 2 study with novel dosage formulation is currently enrolling patients for the treatment of sickle cell disease.
◦Development of a fit for purpose Patient Reported Outcomes tool for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, or “SIBO”, is continuing in 2023 and will be validated in an upcoming clinical trial.
•Amiselimod (S1P modulator) - A Phase 2 study to evaluate Amiselimod (S1P modulator) for the treatment of mild to moderate ulcerative colitis is actively enrolling and is expected to finish later in 2023.
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Solta Medical
•Clear + Brilliant® Touch - Next generation Clear + Brilliant® laser designed to deliver a customized and more comprehensive treatment protocol by providing patients of all ages and skin types the benefits of two wavelengths with submissions in Europe and Canada planned in 2024, and in Asia Pacific markets in 2025. Also, Next Generation Fraxel®, a fractionated laser device for skin resurfacing is planned for FDA submission later in 2023.
Dermatology
•Internal Development Project (“IDP”) 120 - An acne product with a fixed combination of mutually incompatible ingredients: benzoyl peroxide and tretinoin. Phase 3 clinical studies have been completed and met the primary endpoints. We are currently evaluating next steps for this project.
•IDP-126 - An acne product with a fixed combination of benzoyl peroxide, clindamycin phosphate and adapalene. The FDA has accepted our New Drug Application (“NDA”) with an October 20, 2023 Prescription Drug User Fee Act (“PDUFA”) date. We also have plans for a Canada submission in the second quarter of 2023.
Bausch + Lomb
•SiHy Daily - A silicone hydrogel daily disposable contact lens designed to provide clear vision throughout the day. To date, SiHy Daily has been launched in approximately 25 countries, under the branded name INFUSE®, Ultra® ONE DAY and AQUALOX® ONE DAY. Bausch + Lomb plans to launch its SiHy Daily lenses into additional countries throughout 2023 and expects to launch a multi-focal and toric lens in 2023 and 2024, respectively.
•LUMIFY® (brimonidine tartrate ophthalmic solution, 0.025%) - An OTC eye drop developed as an ocular redness reliever. To date, Bausch + Lomb has launched and acquired the right to launch Lumify® in various countries. Bausch + Lomb also has several innovative new line extension formulations under development, including Lumify® Eye Illuminations which, Bausch + Lomb expects to launch soon, Lumify Preservative Free, for which an NDA is expected to be submitted to the FDA during 2023 and Lumify® Allergy, for which an NDA is expected to be submitted to the FDA during 2024.
•Bausch + Lomb is expanding its portfolio of premium intraocular lenses (“IOL”) built on the enVista® platform with Aspire TM (Monofocal Plus), Envy TM Trifocal and BEYOND TM (extended depth of focus (“EDOF”)) optical designs with two options: non-Toric and Toric for astigmatism patients. Bausch + Lomb expects that they will be commercialized together with a new preloaded EyeGility inserter. Bausch + Lomb anticipates launching Monofocal Plus, Trifocal and EDOF optical designs for presbyopia in the U.S. in 2023, 2024 and 2025/2026, respectively.
Strategic Licensing Agreements
To supplement our internal R&D initiatives and to build-out and refresh our product portfolio, we also search for opportunities to augment our pipeline through arrangements that allow us to gain access to unique products and investigational treatments, by strategically aligning ourselves with other innovative product solutions.
In the normal course of business, the Company may enter into select licensing and collaborative agreements for the commercialization and/or development of unique products primarily in the U.S. and Canada. These products are sometimes investigational treatments in early stage development that target unique conditions. The ultimate outcome, including whether the product will be: (i) fully developed, (ii) approved by the FDA or other regulators, (iii) covered by third-party payors or (iv) profitable for distribution, is highly uncertain. Under certain agreements, the Company may be required to make payments contingent upon the achievement of specific developmental, regulatory, or commercial milestones.
Strategic Acquisitions
We remain very selective when considering any acquisition and pursue only those opportunities that we believe align well with our current organization and strategic plan. We sometimes refer to these opportunities as “bolt on” acquisitions. In being selective, we seek to enter into only those acquisitions that provide us with significant synergies with our existing business, thereby minimizing risks to our core businesses and providing long-term growth opportunities.
During January 2023, Bausch + Lomb acquired AcuFocus, Inc., an ophthalmic medical device company that has delivered small aperture intraocular technology to address the diverse unmet needs in eye care. The IC-8® Apthera™ IOL was approved by the FDA in July 2022 as the first and only small aperture non-toric EDOF IOL for certain cataract patients who have as much as 1.5 diopters of corneal astigmatism and wish to address presbyopia at the same time. Bausch + Lomb believes the IC-8® Apthera™ EDOF IOL will bolster its surgical portfolio by enhancing the IOL offerings, which is a strategic area of focus for Bausch + Lomb.
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Improve Patient Access
Improving patient access to our products, as well as making them more affordable, is a key element of our business strategy.
Patient Access and Pricing Team - We formed the Patient Access and Pricing Team which is committed to maintaining patients ability to access our branded prescription pharmaceutical products. All future pricing actions will be subject to review by the Patient Access and Pricing Team. Future pricing changes and programs could affect the average realized pricing for our products and may have a significant impact on our revenues and profits.
Bausch Health Patient Assistance Program - We are committed to supporting patients through our Patient Assistance Program which offers free medication for patients who meet income and other eligibility criteria. If approved, patients receive their Bausch Health prescription product(s) at no cost to them for up to one year, and may be able to reapply to the program annually if they continue to meet eligibility requirements and have a valid prescription.
Cash-pay Prescription Program - The cash-pay program was adopted to address the affordability and availability of certain branded dermatology products, when insurers and pharmacy benefit managers are no longer offering those branded prescription pharmaceutical products under their designated pharmacy benefit offerings. This program is currently limited to a select group of our brands and offered through our unique telemedicine platform which allows for patients to choose direct delivery to their home or to use a pharmacy of their choice. This program is designed to connect patients with dermatologists and provide patients both a predictable customer experience and a predictable cost for their dermatology health care needs.
Walgreens Fulfillment Arrangements - Under our brand fulfillment arrangement with Walgreen Co. (“Walgreens”), we make certain dermatology and ophthalmology products available to eligible patients through patient access and co-pay assistance programs at Walgreens U.S. retail pharmacy locations, as well as participating independent retail pharmacies.
Invest in Sustainable Growth Drivers to Position us for Long-Term Growth
We are constantly challenged by the changing dynamics of our industry to innovate and bring new products to market. Our investment in R&D reflects our commitment to drive organic growth through internal development of new products and other corporate investments to innovate within our core businesses where we believe we can be most profitable and where we aim to be an industry leader.
We believe that we have a well-established product portfolio that is diversified within our core businesses and provides a sustainable revenue stream to fund our operations. We continue to make strategic investments to drive revenue growth and build our R&D pipeline to ultimately bring products that serve patient needs. We believe we have a robust pipeline that not only provides for the next generation of our existing products but is also poised to bring new products to market. To that end, we have identified key growth drivers across all our business segments and where we see significant opportunity.
Focus on Core Business in 2023
We remain focused on growth, through innovation increasing the size, breadth and depth of our product pipeline through R&D and strategic business development.
Our key investment priorities for 2023 are as follows:
Salix - We believe in our GI product portfolio and we have implemented initiatives, including increasing our marketing investment in Xifaxan®, to further capitalize on the value of the infrastructure we have built around these products to extend our market share. We are increasing our investment in Xifaxan® direct-to-consumer (“DTC”) advertising and new sales force capabilities. We also continue to invest in our product line. Our rifaximin SSD formulation, is under development for the prevention of OHE and other complications in patients with early decompensation in liver cirrhosis (RED-C). The drug candidate is administered orally, and is a next-generation rifaximin formulation that acts by targeting beta-subunit of bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
International - Our International product portfolio consists of several new launches including Ryaltris® for moderate to severe seasonal allergic rhinitis and Uceris®, an aerosol foam for distal ulcerative colitis in Canada. We are also pursuing opportunities in the dermatology markets globally for products that address acne, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis and onychomycosis. To address these and other opportunities we continue to invest in the training and expansion of our sales and marketing teams.
Solta Medical - More than 70% of our Solta Medical business revenues come from consumables, which we believe results in a durable business model. We continue to invest in expanding our presence in key markets, including broadening the reach of our DTC campaigns in the U.S., the expansion of Thermage® FLX and the strengthening of our sales force in the U.S. and Europe.
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Diversified - We continue to seek out ways to bring out value in our promoted and nonpromoted products within our Diversified portfolios. In 2023 we anticipate making additional investments in the marketing and advertising of Aplenzin® as the only approved major depressive disorder product for Seasonal Affective Disorder, and also expanding our consumer awareness campaign for Jublia®. In addition, in support of our established acne product portfolio we also have a project in our pipeline, IDP-126, which is a fixed combination of benzoyl peroxide, clindamycin phosphate and adapalene. The FDA has accepted our NDA with an October 20, 2023 PDUFA date. In our generics portfolio, we are focused on effectively managing this portfolio of non-promoted products. In our Dentistry business, we are increasing our investments in Arestin® direct to patient activation and awareness campaigns.
Business Trends
In addition to the actions previously outlined, the events described below have affected and may affect our business trends. The matters discussed in this section contain forward-looking statements. Please see “Forward-Looking Statements” at the end of Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for additional information.
Russia-Ukraine War
In February 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine. As military activity and sanctions against Russia, Belarus and specific areas of Ukraine have continued, the war has increasingly affected economic and global financial markets and exacerbated ongoing economic challenges, including issues such as high levels of inflation and global supply-chain disruption.
Our revenues attributable to Russia, Ukraine and Belarus, in the aggregate, were approximately $37 million and $29 million for three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company does not have any research or manufacturing facilities in Russia, Ukraine or Belarus. To date, the Russia-Ukraine war has not had a material impact on our business, however we are not able to determine the ultimate future direct or indirect impacts this war may have on our business.
For a further discussion of these and other risks relating to our international business, see Item 1A. “Risk Factors — Risk Relating to the Russia and Ukraine conflict” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC and the CSA on February 23, 2023.
COVID-19 Update
During 2022, the outbreak of the omicron variant in China resulted in government enforced lockdowns and other social restrictions, which impacted our ability to conduct business as usual in certain regions in China, particularly Shanghai. The lockdowns in China had impacted the demand for certain products, particularly B+L’s Vision care and our Solta Medical products, as shelter in place orders limited the demand and need for the use of contact lenses and related products as well as for aesthetic medical treatments. Additionally, government enforced lockdowns caused certain businesses to suspend operations, creating distribution and other logistic issues for the distribution of our products and the sourcing for a limited number of raw materials. These lockdowns began to ease during the fourth quarter of 2022 and our revenues in China for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were $88 million and $103 million, respectively, a decrease of $15 million. To date, we have dealt with these issues in China with only a minimal impact on our manufacturing and distribution processes and we continue to monitor the impact of COVID-19 on all aspects of our business.
For a further discussion of these and other COVID-19 related risks, see Item 1A. “Risk Factors — Risk Relating to COVID-19” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC and the CSA on February 23, 2023.
Health Care Reform
The U.S. federal and state governments continue to propose and pass legislation designed to regulate the health care industry. Many of these changes focus on health care cost containment, which result in pricing pressures relating to the sales and reimbursements of healthcare products. The Biden Administration and Congress continue to focus on health care cost containment which could result in legislative and regulatory changes.
In addition, we continue to face various proposed health care pricing changes and regulations from governments throughout the world in locations in which we operate our business. These proposed changes may also continue to result in pricing pressures relating to sales, promotions and reimbursement of our product portfolio.
We continually review newly enacted and proposed U.S. federal and state legislation, as well as proposed rule-making and guidance published by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the FDA, and applicable foreign governments in locations in which we operate; however, at this time, it is unclear the effect these matters may have on our businesses.
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Generic Competition and Loss of Exclusivity
Certain of our products face the expiration of their patent or regulatory exclusivity in 2023 or in later years, following which we anticipate generic competition of these products. In addition, in certain cases, as a result of negotiated settlements of some of our patent infringement proceedings against generic competitors, we have granted licenses to such generic companies, which will permit them to enter the market with their generic products prior to the expiration of our applicable patent or regulatory exclusivity. Finally, for certain of our products that lost patent or regulatory exclusivity in prior years, we anticipate that generic competitors may launch in 2023 or in later years. Following a loss of exclusivity (“LOE”) of and/or generic competition for a product, we would anticipate that product sales for such product would decrease significantly shortly following the LOE or entry of a generic competitor. Where we have the rights, we may elect to launch an authorized generic (“AG”) of such product (either ourselves or through a third-party) prior to, upon or following generic entry, which may mitigate the anticipated decrease in product sales; however, even with launch of an authorized generic, the decline in product sales of such product would still be expected to be significant, and the effect on our future revenues could be material.
2023 through 2027 LOE Branded Products - Based on current patent expiration dates, settlement agreements and/or competitive information, we have identified branded products that we believe could begin facing potential LOE and/or generic competition in the U.S. during the years 2023 through 2027. These products and year of expected LOE include, but are not limited to, Aplenzin® (2026), Bryhali® (2026), Noritate® (2023), Onexton® (2023), Prolensa® (2023), Uceris® Foam (2023) and Xerese® (2023). These dates may change based on, among other things, successful challenge to our patents, settlement of existing or future patent litigation and at-risk generic launches. We believe the entry into the market of generic competition generally would have an adverse impact on the volume and/or pricing of the affected products, however we are unable to predict the magnitude or timing of this impact.
In addition, for a number of our products (including Xifaxan® 550 mg, Arazlo®, Duobrii®, Trulance® and Lumify® in the U.S. and Jublia® in Canada), we have commenced (or anticipate commencing) and have (or may have) ongoing infringement proceedings against potential generic competitors in the U.S. and Canada. If we are not successful in these proceedings, we may face increased generic competition for these products.
See Note 17, “LEGAL PROCEEDINGS” to our unaudited interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements elsewhere in this Form 10-Q, as well as Note 20, “LEGAL PROCEEDINGS” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC and the CSA on February 23, 2023 for further details regarding certain infringement proceedings.
The risks of generic competition are a fact of the health care industry and are not specific to our operations or product portfolio. These risks are not avoidable, but we believe they are manageable. To manage these risks, our leadership team continually evaluates the impact that generic competition may have on future profitability and operations. In addition to aggressively defending the Company’s patents and other intellectual property, our leadership team makes operational and investment decisions regarding these products and businesses at risk, not the least of which are decisions regarding our pipeline. Our leadership team actively manages the Company’s pipeline in order to identify innovative and realizable projects aligned with our core businesses that are expected to provide incremental and sustainable revenues and growth into the future. We believe that our current pipeline is strong enough to meet these objectives and provide future sources of revenues, in our core businesses, sufficient enough to sustain our growth and corporate health as other products in our established portfolio face generic competition and lose momentum.
We believe that we have a well-established product portfolio that is diversified within our core businesses. We also believe that we have a robust pipeline that not only provides for the next generation of our existing products, but also brings new solutions into the market.
See Item 1A “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC and the CSA on February 23, 2023, for additional information on our competition risks.
Regulatory Matters
In the normal course of business, our products, devices and facilities are the subject of ongoing oversight and review by regulatory and governmental agencies, including general, for cause and pre-approval inspections by the relevant competent authorities where we have business operations. In August 2022, we received a non-compliant rating from Health Canada related to our pharmaceutical manufacturing facility in Laval, Quebec. This rating was received without any restrictive conditions on plant operations so the production of important treatments for Canadians and for export was able to continue without interruption. A subsequent inspection of the Laval facility by Health Canada during March 2023 resulted in the issuance of a compliant rating.
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Through the date of this filing, all of our global operations and facilities have the relevant operational good manufacturing practices certificates and all Company products and all operating sites are in good compliance standing with all relevant notified bodies and global health authorities. Further, all sites under FDA jurisdiction are rated as either No Action Indicated (where there was no Form 483 observation) or Voluntary Action Indicated (“VAI”) (where there was a Form 483 with one or more observations). In the case of VAI inspection outcomes, the FDA has accepted our responses to the issues cited, which will be verified when the agency makes its next inspection of those specific facilities.
FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE HIGHLIGHTS
The following table provides selected unaudited financial information for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
(in millions, except per share data) | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | Change |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues | $ | 1,944 |  |  | $ | 1,918 |  |  | $ | 26 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating income | $ | 175 |  |  | $ | 285 |  |  | $ | (110) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loss before income taxes | $ | (136) |  |  | $ | (82) |  |  | $ | (54) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss attributable to Bausch Health Companies Inc. | $ | (201) |  |  | $ | (69) |  |  | $ | (132) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic and diluted loss per share attributable to Bausch Health Companies Inc. | $ | (0.55) |  |  | $ | (0.19) |  |  | $ | (0.36) |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Financial Performance
Summary of the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 Compared to the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were $1,944 million and $1,918 million, respectively, an increase of $26 million, or 1%. The increase was primarily due to growth in: (i) the Bausch + Lomb segment driven by improved net pricing and higher volumes and (ii) the Salix segment driven by higher volumes partially offset by: (i) lower revenues in our Diversified segment and (ii) the unfavorable impact of foreign currencies, primarily in Europe and Asia.
Operating income for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was $175 million and $285 million, respectively, and included non-cash charges for Depreciation and amortization of intangible assets of $319 million and $352 million, Asset impairments of $13 million and $8 million and Share-based compensation of $41 million and $32 million, respectively. The decrease in our operating results of $110 million reflects, among other factors:
•a decrease in contribution (Product sales revenue less Cost of goods sold, excluding amortization and impairments of intangible assets) of $5 million;
•an increase in selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) of $103 million primarily attributable to: (i) higher compensation expenses, (ii) higher advertising and promotion expenses and (iii) certain administrative expenses, partially offset by the favorable impact of foreign currencies;
•an increase in R&D expenses of $16 million primarily attributable to higher spend on certain Salix projects;
•a decrease in Amortization of intangible assets of $37 million primarily attributable to fully amortized intangible assets no longer being amortized in 2023;
•an increase in Asset impairments of $5 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023; and
•an unfavorable change in Other expense, net of $21 million, primarily attributable to adjustments to reflect changes in estimates of the liability for Acquisition-related contingent consideration.
Loss before income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was $136 million and $82 million, respectively, an increase of $54 million. The increase in our Loss before income taxes is primarily attributable to the decrease in our operating results of $110 million, as previously discussed, partially offset by a decrease in Interest expense of $55 million. The decrease in interest expense is due to the impact of the accounting treatment for a portion of interest payments on the New Secured Notes, which reduced reported interest expense by $74 million relative to contractual interest cost.
Net loss attributable to Bausch Health for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was $201 million and $69 million, respectively, an increase of $132 million. This was primarily due to the increase in our Loss before income taxes of $54 million as previously discussed, and an unfavorable change in income taxes of $89 million.
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Our unaudited operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | Change
Revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Product sales |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,922 |  |  | $ | 1,891 |  |  | $ | 31 |
Other revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  | 22 |  |  | 27 |  |  | (5) |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,944 |  |  | 1,918 |  |  | 26 |
Expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of goods sold (excluding amortization and impairments of intangible assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 572 |  |  | 536 |  |  | 36 |
Cost of other revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  | 10 |  |  | 15 |  |  | (5) |
Selling, general and administrative |  |  |  |  |  |  | 725 |  |  | 622 |  |  | 103 |
Research and development |  |  |  |  |  |  | 143 |  |  | 127 |  |  | 16 |
Amortization of intangible assets |  |  |  |  |  |  | 273 |  |  | 310 |  |  | (37) |
Asset impairments |  |  |  |  |  |  | 13 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 5 |
Restructuring, integration, separation and IPO costs |  |  |  |  |  |  | 10 |  |  | 13 |  |  | (3) |
Other expense, net |  |  |  |  |  |  | 23 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 21 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,769 |  |  | 1,633 |  |  | 136 |
Operating income |  |  |  |  |  |  | 175 |  |  | 285 |  |  | (110) |
Interest income |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 4 |
Interest expense |  |  |  |  |  |  | (307) |  |  | (362) |  |  | 55 |
Foreign exchange and other |  |  |  |  |  |  | (10) |  |  | (7) |  |  | (3) |
Loss before income taxes |  |  |  |  |  |  | (136) |  |  | (82) |  |  | (54) |
(Provision for) benefit from income taxes |  |  |  |  |  |  | (73) |  |  | 16 |  |  | (89) |
Net loss |  |  |  |  |  |  | (209) |  |  | (66) |  |  | (143) |
Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interest |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8 |  |  | (3) |  |  | 11 |
Net loss attributable to Bausch Health Companies Inc. |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (201) |  |  | $ | (69) |  |  | $ | (132) |

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 Compared to the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Revenues
The Company’s revenues are primarily generated from product sales, primarily in the therapeutic areas of GI, hepatology, neurology, dermatology and eye health, that consist of: (i) branded pharmaceuticals, (ii) generic and branded generic pharmaceuticals, (iii) OTC products and (iv) medical devices (contact lenses, intraocular lenses, ophthalmic surgical equipment and aesthetic medical devices). Other revenues include alliance and service revenue from the licensing and co-promotion of products and contract service revenue which is derived primarily from contract manufacturing for third parties and which is not material.
Our revenues were $1,944 million and $1,918 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, an increase of $26 million, or 1%. The increase was primarily due to: (i) an increase in volumes of $78 million in the Salix, Bausch + Lomb and Solta Medical segments and (ii) incremental sales attributable to acquisitions of $2 million, partially offset by: (i) the unfavorable impact of foreign currencies of $40 million, primarily in Europe and Asia, (ii) a decrease in net realized pricing of $9 million and (iii) the impact of divestitures and discontinuations of $5 million.
The changes in our segment revenues and segment profits for the three months ended March 31, 2023, are discussed in further detail in the respective subsequent section “ — Reportable Segment Revenues and Profits.”
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Cash Discounts and Allowances, Chargebacks and Distribution Fees
As is customary in the pharmaceutical industry, gross product sales are subject to a variety of deductions in arriving at net product sales. Provisions for these deductions are recognized concurrently with the recognition of gross product sales. These provisions include cash discounts and allowances, chargebacks, and distribution fees, which are paid or credited to direct customers, as well as rebates and returns, which can be paid or credited to direct and indirect customers. As more fully discussed in Note 3, “REVENUE RECOGNITION” to our unaudited interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company continually monitors the provisions for these deductions and evaluates the estimates used as additional information becomes available. Price appreciation credits are generated when we increase a product’s wholesaler acquisition cost (“WAC”) under our contracts with certain wholesalers. Under such contracts, we are entitled to credits from such wholesalers for the impact of that WAC increase on inventory on hand at the wholesalers. In wholesaler contracts, such credits are offset against the total distribution service fees we pay on all of our products to each such wholesaler. In addition, some payor contracts require discounting if a price increase or series of price increases in a contract period exceeds a negotiated threshold. Provision balances relating to amounts payable to direct customers are netted against trade receivables and balances relating to indirect customers are included in accrued liabilities.
We actively manage these offerings, focusing on the incremental costs of our patient assistance programs, the level of discounting to non-retail accounts and identifying opportunities to minimize product returns. We also concentrate on managing our relationships with our payors and wholesalers, reviewing the ranges of our offerings and being disciplined as to the amount and type of incentives we negotiate. Provisions recorded to reduce gross product sales to net product sales and revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  | 2023 |  | 2022
(in millions) |  | Amount |  | Pct. |  | Amount |  | Pct.
Gross product sales |  | $ | 3,293 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 3,147 |  |  | 100.0 | %
Provisions to reduce gross product sales to net product sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Discounts and allowances |  | 139 |  |  | 4.2 | % |  | 134 |  |  | 4.3 | %
Returns |  | 42 |  |  | 1.3 | % |  | 19 |  |  | 0.6 | %
Rebates |  | 664 |  |  | 20.2 | % |  | 581 |  |  | 18.5 | %
Chargebacks |  | 465 |  |  | 14.1 | % |  | 471 |  |  | 15.0 | %
Distribution fees |  | 61 |  |  | 1.9 | % |  | 51 |  |  | 1.6 | %
Total provisions |  | 1,371 |  |  | 41.7 | % |  | 1,256 |  |  | 40.0 | %
Net product sales |  | 1,922 |  |  | 58.3 | % |  | 1,891 |  |  | 60.0 | %
Other revenues |  | 22 |  |  |  |  | 27 |  |  |
Revenues |  | $ | 1,944 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,918 |  |  |

Cash discounts and allowances, returns, rebates, chargebacks and distribution fees as a percentage of gross product sales were 41.7% and 40.0% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, an increase of 1.7 percentage points due primarily to the following factors:
•returns were higher primarily due to reductions in the estimates of variable consideration for sales returns related to past sales in 2022. The Company continues to focus on maximizing operational efficiencies and actions to reduce product returns, including, but not limited to: (i) monitoring and reducing customer inventory levels, (ii) instituting disciplined pricing policies and (iii) improving contracting. These actions have had the effect of improving the sales return experience;
•rebates as a percentage of gross product sales were higher primarily due to an increase in gross product sales and higher rebate rates for certain branded products such as Xifaxan®, Trulance®, Arazlo® and Jublia®, partially offset by lower gross product sales for certain branded products such as Retin-A® Microsphere .06%, Retin-A® Microsphere .08% and Duobrii®;
•chargebacks as a percentage of gross product sales were lower primarily due to lower gross product sales of certain generic products such as Nifediac and certain branded generics such as Apriso® AG, Targretin® AG and Cuprimine® AG. These decreases were partially offset by: (i) increased gross product sales of our GI products Glumetza® SLX, Xifaxan® and Trulance® and (ii) higher chargeback rates for certain generics and branded generics; and
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•distribution service fees as a percentage of gross product sales were higher primarily due to higher gross product sales of Xifaxan®. Price appreciation credits are offset against distribution service fees when due to wholesalers. There were no price appreciation credits for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.
Expenses
Cost of Goods Sold (excluding amortization and impairments of intangible assets)
Cost of goods sold primarily includes: manufacturing and packaging; the cost of products we purchase from third parties; royalty payments we make to third parties; depreciation of manufacturing facilities and equipment; and lower of cost or market adjustments to inventories. Cost of goods sold typically vary between periods as a result of product mix, volume, royalties, changes in foreign currency and inflation. Cost of goods sold excludes the amortization and impairments of intangible assets.
Cost of goods sold was $572 million and $536 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, an increase of $36 million, or 7%. The increase was primarily driven by the increase in volumes as previously discussed, partially offset by: (i) lower unfavorable manufacturing variances and (ii) the favorable impact of foreign currencies.
Cost of goods sold as a percentage of product sales revenue were 29.8% and 28.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, an increase of 1.5 percentage points. Cost of goods sold as a percentage of product sales revenue was unfavorably impacted by: (i) changes in product mix, (ii) inflationary pressures and (iii) lower net realized pricing, as discussed above, partially offset by: (i) lower unfavorable manufacturing variances and (ii) the favorable impact of foreign currencies.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
SG&A expenses primarily include: employee compensation associated with sales and marketing, finance, legal, information technology, human resources and other administrative functions; certain outside legal fees and consultancy costs; product promotion expenses; overhead and occupancy costs; depreciation of corporate facilities and equipment; and other general and administrative costs. The Company has incurred, and expects to continue to incur incremental costs with respect to the B+L Separation. During 2022, the Company also incurred incremental costs indirectly related to the suspended Solta IPO. These separation-related and IPO-related costs include, but are not limited to: (i) IT infrastructure and software licensing costs, (ii) rebranding costs and (iii) costs associated with facility relocation and/or modification.
SG&A expenses were $725 million and $622 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, an increase of $103 million, or 17%. The increase was primarily attributable to higher: (i) advertising and promotion, (ii) compensation and (iii) certain administrative expenses, due in part to incremental costs associated with the separation of certain functions in connection with the B+L Separation. These increases were partially offset by: (i) lower separation-related and IPO-related costs and (ii) the favorable impact of foreign currencies.
Research and Development Expenses
Included in Research and development are costs related to our product development and quality assurance programs. Expenses related to product development include: employee compensation costs; overhead and occupancy costs; depreciation of research and development facilities and equipment; clinical trial costs; clinical manufacturing and scale-up costs; and other third-party development costs. Quality assurance are the costs incurred to meet evolving customer and regulatory standards and include: employee compensation costs; overhead and occupancy costs; amortization of software; and other third-party costs.
R&D expenses were $143 million and $127 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, an increase of $16 million, or 13%. The increase was primarily attributable to higher spend on certain Salix projects. R&D expenses as a percentage of Product sales were approximately 7% for each of the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.
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Amortization of Intangible Assets
Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, generally 1 to 20 years. Management continually assesses the useful lives related to the Company’s long-lived assets to reflect the most current assumptions.
Amortization of intangible assets was $273 million and $310 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, a decrease of $37 million. The decrease was primarily attributable to fully amortized intangible assets no longer being amortized in 2023.
See Note 8, “INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND GOODWILL” to our unaudited interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further details related to our intangible assets.
Asset impairments
Long-lived assets with finite lives are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. Impairment charges associated with these assets are included in Asset impairments in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company continues to monitor the recoverability of its finite-lived intangible assets and tests the intangible assets for impairment if indicators of impairment are present. The Company estimates the fair values of long-lived assets with finite lives using an undiscounted cash flow model which utilizes Level 3 unobservable inputs. The undiscounted cash flow model relies on assumptions regarding revenue growth rates, gross profit, selling, general and administrative expenses and research and development expenses.
Asset impairments were $13 million and $8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, an increase of $5 million. Asset impairments for the three months ended March 31, 2023 of $13 million was related to $8 million, in aggregate, attributable to certain trade names no longer in use and $5 million, related to the discontinuance of a certain product line. Asset impairments for the three months ended March 31, 2022 were $8 million due to discontinuances and decreases in the forecasted sales of certain product lines.
Uceris® Foam - On April 12, 2023, the FDA approved an ANDA, submitted by a competitor, for a budesonide (a steroid (cortisone-like) medicine) foam to help treat mild to moderate active ulcerative colitis. This product is a generic version of our Uceris® Foam product. Revenues for our branded Uceris® Foam product were $2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and $6 million and $7 million for the years 2022 and 2021, respectively. As of March 31, 2023, our intangible assets associated with Uceris® Foam have a net book value of approximately $45 million. We continue to evaluate the potential impacts of this generic entrant on our business strategy for our Uceris® Foam product. It is possible that any changes to our business strategy and related forecast for this product could result in impairment charges in one or more future periods, and such charges could be material.
See Note 8, “INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND GOODWILL” to our unaudited interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further details related to our intangible assets.
Restructuring, Integration, Separation and IPO Costs
Restructuring, integration, separation and IPO costs were $10 million and $13 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, a decrease of $3 million.
Restructuring and Integration Costs
The Company evaluates opportunities to improve its operating results and implement cost savings programs to streamline its operations and eliminate redundant processes and expenses. Restructuring and integration costs are expenses associated with the implementation of these cost savings programs and include expenses associated with: (i) reducing headcount, (ii) eliminating real estate costs associated with unused or under-utilized facilities and (iii) implementing contribution margin improvement and other cost reduction initiatives.
Restructuring and integration costs were $9 million and $3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company continues to evaluate opportunities to streamline its operations and identify additional cost savings globally. Although a specific plan does not exist at this time, the Company may identify and take additional exit and cost-rationalization restructuring actions in the future, the costs of which could be material.
Separation and IPO Costs
The Company has incurred, and expects to continue to incur costs associated with activities relating to the B+L Separation. In 2022, the Company also incurred costs associated with activities relating to the Solta IPO, which was suspended in June 2022. These B+L Separation and Solta IPO activities include: (i) separating the Bausch + Lomb and, in 2022, Solta Medical businesses from the remainder of the Company, (ii) completing the B+L IPO and, in 2022, preparing for
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the suspended Solta IPO and (iii) the actions necessary for Bausch + Lomb to become an independent publicly traded entity. Separation and IPO costs are incremental costs directly related to the ongoing B+L Separation and, in 2022, the suspended Solta IPO and include, but are not limited to: (i) legal, audit and advisory fees, (ii) talent acquisition costs and (iii) costs associated with establishing a new board of directors and related board committees for the Bausch + Lomb. Separation and IPO costs were $1 million and $10 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The extent and timing of future charges of these costs to complete the B+L Separation cannot be reasonably estimated at this time and could be material.
See Note 5, “RESTRUCTURING, INTEGRATION, SEPARATION AND IPO COSTS” to our unaudited interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further details regarding these actions.
Other expense, net
Other expense, net for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 consists of the following:

|  | Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions) |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Litigation and other matters |  | $ | (8) |  |  | $ | (1) |
Acquisition-related contingent consideration |  | 31 |  |  | 3 |
|  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | 2 |

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, Litigation and other matters primarily relates to an insurance recovery regarding a certain litigation matter.
As a result of better than expected performance of a branded product during the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company has revised its long-term sales forecast for that product. Acquisition-related contingent consideration expense for the three months ended March 31, 2023, primarily includes adjustments to reflect the changes in estimates of the future royalty and milestone payments related to that branded product.
Non-Operating Income and Expense
Interest Expense
Interest expense primarily consists of interest payments due, amortization and write-off of debt discounts, premiums and debt issuance costs under our credit facilities and notes as well as the amortization of amounts excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness over the term of the Company’s cross-currency swaps.
Interest expense was $307 million and $362 million, and included non-cash amortization and write-offs of debt premiums, discounts and deferred issuance costs of $11 million and $14 million, for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2023 decreased $55 million, or 15%, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022, primarily attributable to: (i) the accounting for contractual interest payments on the New Secured Notes, portions of which are recorded as a reduction of related premiums and not as interest expense, which reduced interest expense by $74 million relative to contractual interest cost and (ii) the impact of lower outstanding debt balances in 2023 as compared to 2022, partially offset by higher interest rates.
The weighted average stated rate of interest as of March 31, 2023 and 2022 was 7.87% and 5.97%, respectively. The increase in the weighted average stated rate of interest of 190 bps is primarily attributable to the New Secured Notes and higher interest rates on our variable rate debt. Due to the accounting treatment for the New Secured Notes, interest expense in the Company’s financial statements will not be representative of the weighted average stated rate of interest.
See Note 10, “FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS” to our unaudited interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the section titled “— Liquidity and Capital Resources — Liquidity and Debt — Long-term Debt” for further details.
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Foreign Exchange and Other
Foreign exchange and other primarily includes: (i) translation gains/losses on intercompany loans and third-party liabilities and (ii) the gain/loss due to foreign currency exchange contracts.
Foreign exchange and other was a loss of $10 million and $7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, an unfavorable net change of $3 million.
Income Taxes
Provision for income taxes was $73 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to a benefit from income taxes of $16 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, an unfavorable change of $89 million.
Our effective income tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2023 differs from the statutory Canadian income tax rate primarily due to: (i) the tax provision generated from our annualized mix of earnings by jurisdiction, (ii) the recording of valuation allowances on entities for which no tax benefit of losses is expected and (iii) the discrete treatment of certain tax matters, primarily related to: (a) final and potential settlements of tax audits accrued in the first quarter of 2023, (b) changes in uncertain tax positions, (c) the establishment of a valuation allowance on B+L’s Canadian parent and (d) changes to the tax deduction for stock compensation.
Our effective income tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2022 differs from the statutory Canadian income tax rate primarily due to: (i) the recording of valuation allowances on entities for which no tax benefit of losses is expected, (ii) the tax benefit generated from our annualized mix of earnings by jurisdiction and (iii) the discrete treatment of certain tax matters, primarily related to: (a) changes in uncertain tax positions, (b) adjustments for book to income tax return provisions and (c) a tax deduction for stock compensation.
See Note 15, “INCOME TAXES” to our unaudited interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further details.
Reportable Segment Revenues and Profits
The following is a brief description of the Company’s segments:
•The Salix segment consists of sales in the U.S. of GI products. Sales of the Xifaxan® product line represented approximately 80% of the Salix segment’s revenues.
•The International segment consists of sales, with the exception of sales of Bausch + Lomb products and Solta Medical aesthetic medical devices, outside the U.S. and Puerto Rico of branded pharmaceutical products, branded generic pharmaceutical products and OTC products.
•The Solta Medical segment consists of global sales of Solta Medical aesthetic medical devices.
•The Diversified (formerly Diversified Products) segment consists of sales in the U.S. of: (i) pharmaceutical products in the areas of neurology and certain other therapeutic classes, (ii) dermatology products, (iii) generic pharmaceutical products and (iv) dentistry products.
•The Bausch + Lomb segment consists of global sales of Bausch + Lomb Vision Care, Surgical and Ophthalmic Pharmaceuticals products.
Segment profit is based on operating income after the elimination of intercompany transactions, including between Bausch + Lomb and other segments. Certain costs, such as Amortization of intangible assets, Asset impairments, Goodwill impairments, Restructuring, integration, separation and IPO costs and Other expense, net, are not included in the measure of segment profit, as management excludes these items in assessing segment financial performance. See Note 18, “SEGMENT INFORMATION” to our unaudited interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a reconciliation of segment profit to Loss before income taxes.
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The following table presents segment revenues, segment revenues as a percentage of total revenues, and the period-over-period changes in segment revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. The following table also presents segment profits, segment profits as a percentage of segment revenues and the period-over-period changes in segment profits for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

|  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | Change
(in millions) |  | Amount |  | Pct. |  | Amount |  | Pct. |  | Amount |  | Pct.
Segment Revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Salix |  | $ | 496 |  |  | 26 | % |  | $ | 464 |  |  | 24 | % |  | $ | 32 |  |  | 7 | %
International |  | 247 |  |  | 13 | % |  | 244 |  |  | 13 | % |  | 3 |  |  | 1 | %
Solta Medical |  | 73 |  |  | 4 | % |  | 72 |  |  | 4 | % |  | 1 |  |  | 1 | %
Diversified |  | 197 |  |  | 10 | % |  | 249 |  |  | 13 | % |  | (52) |  |  | (21) | %
Bausch + Lomb |  | 931 |  |  | 47 | % |  | 889 |  |  | 46 | % |  | 42 |  |  | 5 | %
Total revenues |  | $ | 1,944 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 1,918 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 26 |  |  | 1 | %
Segment Profits / Segment Profit Margins |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Salix |  | $ | 314 |  |  | 63 | % |  | $ | 322 |  |  | 69 | % |  | $ | (8) |  |  | (2) | %
International |  | 77 |  |  | 31 | % |  | 91 |  |  | 37 | % |  | (14) |  |  | (15) | %
Solta Medical |  | 36 |  |  | 49 | % |  | 35 |  |  | 49 | % |  | 1 |  |  | 3 | %
Diversified |  | 107 |  |  | 54 | % |  | 158 |  |  | 63 | % |  | (51) |  |  | (32) | %
Bausch + Lomb |  | 211 |  |  | 23 | % |  | 206 |  |  | 23 | % |  | 5 |  |  | 2 | %
Total segment profits |  | $ | 745 |  |  | 38 | % |  | $ | 812 |  |  | 42 | % |  | $ | (67) |  |  | (8) | %

Organic Revenues and Organic Growth Rates (non-GAAP)
Organic revenue and organic revenue change are non-GAAP measures. Non-GAAP measures are not standardized measures under the financial reporting framework used to prepare the Company’s financial statements and might not be comparable to similar financial measures disclosed by other issuers.
Organic revenue (non-GAAP) and change in organic revenue (non-GAAP), are defined as GAAP Revenue and change in GAAP revenue (the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures), adjusted for changes in foreign currency exchange rates (if applicable) and excluding the impact of recent acquisitions, divestitures and discontinuations, as defined below. Organic revenue (non-GAAP) is impacted by changes in product volumes and price. The price component is made up of two key drivers: (i) changes in product gross selling price and (ii) changes in sales deductions. The Company uses organic revenue (non-GAAP) and change in organic revenue (non-GAAP) to assess performance of its reportable segments, and the Company in total. The Company believes that providing these measures is useful to investors as they provide a supplemental period-to-period comparison.
The adjustments to GAAP Revenue and changes in GAAP revenue to determine organic revenue (non-GAAP) and changes in organic revenue (non-GAAP) are as follows:
Foreign currency exchange rates: Although changes in foreign currency exchange rates are part of our business, they are not within management’s control. Changes in foreign currency exchange rates, however, can mask positive or negative trends in the business. The impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates is determined as the difference in the current period reported revenues at their current period currency exchange rates and the current period reported revenues revalued using the monthly average currency exchange rates during the comparable prior period.
Acquisitions, divestitures and discontinuations: In order to present period-over-period organic revenue (non-GAAP) growth/change on a comparable basis, revenues associated with acquisitions, divestitures and discontinuations are adjusted to include only revenues from those businesses and assets owned during both periods. Accordingly, organic revenue and organic growth/change exclude from the current period, revenues attributable to each acquisition for twelve months subsequent to the day of acquisition, as there are no revenues from those businesses and assets included in the comparable prior period. Organic revenue and change in organic revenue exclude from the prior period, all revenues attributable to each divestiture and discontinuance during the twelve months prior to the day of divestiture or discontinuance, as there are no revenues from those businesses and assets included in the comparable current period.
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The following table presents a reconciliation of GAAP revenues to organic revenues (non-GAAP) and the period-over-period changes in organic revenue (non-GAAP) for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 by segment.

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 |  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 |  | Change in Organic Revenue (Non-GAAP)
|  | Revenue as Reported |  | Changes in Exchange Rates |  | Acquisitions |  | Organic Revenue (Non-GAAP) |  | Revenue as Reported |  | Divestitures and Discontinuations |  | Organic Revenue (Non-GAAP) |
(in millions) |  |  | Amount |  | Pct.
Salix |  | $ | 496 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 496 |  |  | $ | 464 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 464 |  |  | $ | 32 |  |  | 7 | %
International |  | 247 |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | 253 |  |  | 244 |  |  | (3) |  |  | 241 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 5 | %
Solta Medical |  | 73 |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 76 |  |  | 72 |  |  | — |  |  | 72 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 6 | %
Diversified |  | 197 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 197 |  |  | 249 |  |  | — |  |  | 249 |  |  | (52) |  |  | (21) | %
Bausch + Lomb |  | 931 |  |  | 31 |  |  | (2) |  |  | 960 |  |  | 889 |  |  | (2) |  |  | 887 |  |  | 73 |  |  | 8 | %
Total |  | $ | 1,944 |  |  | $ | 40 |  |  | $ | (2) |  |  | $ | 1,982 |  |  | $ | 1,918 |  |  | $ | (5) |  |  | $ | 1,913 |  |  | $ | 69 |  |  | 4 | %

Salix Segment:
Salix Segment Revenue
The Salix segment includes our Xifaxan® product line. Revenues from our Xifaxan® product line accounted for approximately 80% of the Salix segment revenues for each of the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. No other single product group represents 10% or more of the Salix segment product sales. Salix segment revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was $496 million and $464 million, respectively, an increase of $32 million, or 7%. The increase is attributable to an increase in volumes of $50 million, primarily driven by Xifaxan®, partially offset by a decrease in net realized pricing of $18 million primarily attributable to reductions in 2022 of the estimates of variable consideration for sales returns related to past sales.
Salix Segment Profit
The Salix segment profit for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was $314 million and $322 million, respectively, a decrease of $8 million, or 2%. The decrease was primarily driven by higher: (i) advertising and promotion, (ii) selling and (iii) R&D expenses, partially offset by an increase in contribution attributable to the increase in revenues, as previously discussed. The increase in Salix’s operating expenses is primarily attributable to our investments in: (i) DTC advertising for Xifaxan®, (ii) new sales force capabilities and (iii) R&D expense, including for our global RED-C program, a Phase 3 study for our formulation of rifaximin SSD for the prevention of HE and other complications with early decompensated liver cirrhosis, as previously discussed.
International Segment:
International Segment Revenue
The International segment has a diversified product line with no single product group representing 10% or more of its product sales. The International segment revenue was $247 million and $244 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, an increase of $3 million, or 1%. The increase was primarily attributable to increase in net realized pricing of $12 million, partially offset by the unfavorable impact of foreign currencies of $6 million, primarily in Europe and the impact of divestitures and discontinuations of $3 million.
International Segment Profit
The International segment profit for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was $77 million and $91 million, respectively, a decrease of $14 million, or 15%. The decrease was primarily attributable to an increase in General and administrative expenses.
Solta Medical Segment:
Solta Medical Segment Revenue
The Solta Medical segment includes the Thermage® product line, which accounted for approximately 80% of the Solta Medical segment revenues for each of the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. No other single product group represents 10% or more of the Solta Medical segment revenues. The Solta Medical segment revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was $73 million and $72 million, respectively, an increase of $1 million, or 1%. The increase was primarily attributable to higher volumes of $4 million, partially offset by the unfavorable impact of foreign currencies of $3 million. The increase in volumes is primarily attributable to the Asia-Pacific region excluding China,
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partially offset by the impact of government enforced COVID-19 pandemic related shutdowns in China, as previously discussed.
Solta Medical Segment Profit
The Solta Medical segment profit for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was $36 million and $35 million, respectively, an increase of $1 million, or 3%. The increase was primarily attributable to the increase in revenues, as previously discussed.
Diversified Segment:
Diversified Segment Revenue
The Diversified segment revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was $197 million and $249 million, respectively, a decrease of $52 million, or 21%. The decrease was primarily driven by decreases in: (i) net realized pricing of $34 million and (ii) volumes of $18 million, across our Neurology and other, Dermatology and Generics businesses.
Diversified Segment Profit
The Diversified segment profit for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was $107 million and $158 million, respectively, a decrease of $51 million, or 32%. The decrease was primarily driven by lower contribution attributable to the net decrease in revenues, as previously discussed, partially offset by lower general and administrative expenses.
Bausch + Lomb Segment:
Bausch + Lomb Segment Revenue
The Bausch + Lomb segment has a diversified product line with no single product group representing 10% or more of its product sales. The Bausch + Lomb segment revenue was $931 million and $889 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, an increase of $42 million, or 5%. The increase was attributable to: (i) increase in volumes of $42 million, (ii) net realized pricing of $31 million primarily within the Vision Care business and (iii) incremental sales attributable to acquisitions of $2 million within the Surgical business, partially offset by: (i) the unfavorable impact of foreign currencies across the Bausch + Lomb international businesses of $31 million, primarily in Asia and Europe and (ii) the impact of divestitures and discontinuations of $2 million, related to the discontinuation of certain products within the Surgical business.
Bausch + Lomb Segment Profit
The Bausch + Lomb segment profit for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was $211 million and $206 million, respectively, an increase of $5 million, or 2%. The increase was primarily driven by higher contribution, attributable to the increase in revenues, as previously discussed, partially offset by an increase in selling expenses, attributable to higher warehousing and distribution costs, primarily driven by inflationary pressures.
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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Cash Flows

|  | Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions) |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | Change
Net loss |  | $ | (209) |  |  | $ | (66) |  |  | $ | (143) |
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities |  | 424 |  |  | (13) |  |  | 437 |
Cash provided by (used in) operating activities before changes in operating assets and liabilities |  | 215 |  |  | (79) |  |  | 294 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities |  | (61) |  |  | 16 |  |  | (77) |
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities |  | 154 |  |  | (63) |  |  | 217 |
Net cash used in investing activities |  | (78) |  |  | (56) |  |  | (22) |
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities |  | (142) |  |  | 468 |  |  | (610) |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and other |  | 6 |  |  | (8) |  |  | 14 |
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and other settlement deposits |  | (60) |  |  | 341 |  |  | (401) |
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and other settlement deposits, beginning of period |  | 591 |  |  | 2,119 |  |  | (1,528) |
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and other settlement deposits, end of period |  | $ | 531 |  |  | $ | 2,460 |  |  | $ | (1,929) |

Operating Activities
Net cash provided operating activities was $154 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to net cash used in operating activities of $63 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, an increase of $217 million. The increase was attributable to the increase in Cash provided by operating activities before changes in operating assets and liabilities, partially offset by the reduction in cash from Changes in operating assets and liabilities.
Cash provided by operating activities before changes in operating assets and liabilities was $215 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to Cash used in operating activities before changes in operating assets and liabilities of $79 million for the three months ended March 31 2022, an increase of $294 million. The increase is primarily attributable to: (i) a decrease in payments of accrued legal settlements related to the Glumetza Antitrust Litigation paid during the first quarter of 2022, (ii) changes in business performance and (iii) lower payments of interest included in Operating Activities as, due to the accounting treatment for the debt exchange, the portion of contractual interest payments on the New Secured Notes which reduce the premium on the New Secured Notes is reported as a Financing activity. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, contractual interest payments on the New Secured Notes allocated to the reduction of the recorded premium were $111 million and are included in Cash flows from financing activities.
Changes in operating assets and liabilities resulted in a net decrease in cash of $61 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to a net increase in cash of $16 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, a decrease of $77 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, Changes in operating assets and liabilities were negatively impacted by: (i) an increase in inventories of $128 million and (ii) the timing of other payments in the ordinary course of business of $41 million, partially offset by the timing of collection of trade receivables of $108 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, Changes in operating assets and liabilities was positively impacted by: (i) the collection of trade receivables of $197 million and (ii) an increase in accrued interest due to timing of payments of $44 million, partially offset by: (i) the timing of other payments in the ordinary course of business of $152 million and (ii) an increase in inventories of $73 million.
Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities was $78 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and was primarily driven by Purchases of property, plant and equipment of $47 million and acquisitions and other investments of $31 million.
Net cash used in investing activities was $56 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and was primarily driven by Purchases of property, plant and equipment of $46 million.
Financing Activities
Net cash used in financing activities was $142 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and was primarily driven by the repayment of long-term debt of $279 million which includes: (i) the $111 million of contractual interest
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payments on the New Secured Notes allocated to the reduction of the recorded premiums, as discussed above, (ii) the repayment of $130 million of amounts outstanding under our 2027 Revolving Credit Facility and (iii) payments of $37 million on the Term Loan B Facilities, partially offset by draws under the 2027 Revolving Credit Facility and the B+L Revolving Credit Facility.
Net cash provided by financing activities was $468 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and was primarily driven by the issuance of long-term debt, net of discounts, of $986 million of February 2027 Secured Notes, partially offset by the repayment of long-term debt of $485 million related to: (i) the repayment of the outstanding balance under its 2023 Revolving Credit Facility and (ii) the repayment of long-term debt of $200 million of its June 2025 Term Loan B Facility.
See Note 10, “FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS” to our unaudited interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the financing activities described above.
Liquidity and Debt
Future Sources of Liquidity
Our primary sources of liquidity are our cash and cash equivalents, cash collected from customers, funds as available from our revolving credit facility, issuances of long-term debt and issuances of equity or equity-linked securities. We believe these sources will be sufficient to meet our current liquidity needs for at least the twelve months following the issuance of this Form 10-Q.
The Company regularly evaluates market conditions, its liquidity profile, and various financing alternatives for opportunities to enhance its capital structure. If opportunities are favorable, the Company may refinance, repurchase or exchange existing debt or issue equity or equity-linked securities.
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash as presented in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2023 includes $358 million of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash held by legal entities of Bausch + Lomb. Cash held by Bausch + Lomb legal entities and any future cash from the operating, investing and financing activities of Bausch + Lomb is expected to be retained by Bausch + Lomb entities and are generally not available to support the operations, investing and financing activities of other legal entities, including Bausch Health unless paid as a dividend which would be determined by the Board of Directors of Bausch + Lomb and paid pro rata to Bausch + Lomb’s shareholders.
Long-term Debt
Long-term debt, net of unamortized premiums, discounts and issuance costs was $20,653 million and $20,766 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Aggregate contractual principal amounts due under our debt obligations were $19,097 million and $19,110 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, a decrease of $13 million.
See Note 10, “FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS” to our unaudited interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding long term debt.
Accounting for the Exchange Offer
The Company performed an assessment of the Exchange Offer and determined that it met the criteria to be accounted for as a troubled debt restructuring under Accounting Standards Codification 470-60. As a result of the application of this accounting, the difference between the principal amount of the New Secured Notes and their carrying value was recorded as a premium and is included in long-term debt on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.
The original premium recorded on the New Secured Notes was $1,835 million, which will be reduced as contractual interest payments are made on the New Secured Notes. The portion of each contractual interest payment allocated to reduce the recorded premium is determined as the difference between the payment due and the calculated interest at the effective interest rate of the underlying carry amount of the associated note. During the first quarter of 2023, the Company made contractual interest payments of $128 million related to the New Secured Notes, of which $111 million was recorded as a reduction of the recorded premium.
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The following table presents the future scheduled contractual interest payments of the New Secured Notes. Contractual interest payments will be allocated to the reduction of the recorded premium and interest expense as presented below. The amount of interest which reduces the recorded premium will be reported as a financing activity in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

(in millions) |  | Remainder of 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2026 |  | 2027 |  |  |  | Thereafter |  | Total
Interest payments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
11.00% First Lien Secured Notes due 2028 |  | $ | 98 |  |  | $ | 195 |  |  | $ | 195 |  |  | $ | 195 |  |  | $ | 195 |  |  |  |  | $ | 195 |  |  | $ | 1,073 |
14.00% Second Lien Secured Notes due 2030 |  | 51 |  |  | 49 |  | 49 |  | 49 |  | 49 |  |  |  | 149 |  | 396 |
9.00% Intermediate Holdco Secured Notes due 2028 |  | 45 |  |  | 90 |  |  | 90 |  |  | 90 |  |  | 90 |  |  |  |  | 45 |  |  | 450 |
|  | $ | 194 |  |  | $ | 334 |  |  | $ | 334 |  |  | $ | 334 |  |  | $ | 334 |  |  |  |  | $ | 389 |  |  | $ | 1,919 |
Interest payments recorded as: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense |  | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | 39 |  |  | $ | 36 |  |  | $ | 34 |  |  | $ | 31 |  |  |  |  | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | 196 |
Reduction of recorded premium |  | 170 |  |  | 295 |  |  | 298 |  |  | 300 |  |  | 303 |  |  |  |  | 357 |  |  | 1,723 |
|  | $ | 194 |  |  | $ | 334 |  |  | $ | 334 |  |  | $ | 334 |  |  | $ | 334 |  |  |  |  | $ | 389 |  |  | $ | 1,919 |

Senior Unsecured Notes
The Senior Unsecured Notes (as defined in Note 10, “FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS” to our unaudited interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements) issued by the Company are the Company’s senior unsecured obligations and are jointly and severally guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by each of its subsidiaries that is a guarantor under the 2022 Amended Credit Agreement. The Senior Unsecured Notes issued by BHA are senior unsecured obligations of BHA and are jointly and severally guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by the Company and each of its subsidiaries (other than BHA) that is a guarantor under the 2022 Amended Credit Agreement. Future subsidiaries of the Company and BHA, if any, may be required to guarantee the Senior Unsecured Notes. In connection with the closing of the B+L IPO, the discharge of the April 2025 Unsecured Notes Indenture and the related release under the 2022 Amended Credit Agreement described above, the guarantees and related security provided by Bausch + Lomb and its subsidiaries in respect of the existing senior notes of the Company and BHA were released. On a non-consolidated basis, the non-guarantor subsidiaries had total assets of $12,875 million and total liabilities of $5,526 million as of March 31, 2023, and revenues of $1,036 million and operating income of $3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023.
Availability Under Revolving Credit Facilities
As of the date of this filing, May 4, 2023, there were $445 million of outstanding borrowings, $23 million of issued and outstanding letters of credit and approximately $507 million of remaining availability under the 2027 Revolving Credit Facility.
As of the date of this filing, May 4, 2023, there were $100 million of outstanding borrowings, $24 million of issued and outstanding letters of credit and $376 million remaining availability under the B+L Revolving Credit Facility. Absent the payment of a dividend, which would be determined by the Board of Directors of Bausch + Lomb and paid pro rata to Bausch + Lomb’s shareholders, proceeds from the B+L Revolving Credit Facility are not available to fund the operations, investing and financing activities of any other subsidiaries of Bausch Health.
Covenant Compliance
Any inability to comply with the covenants under the terms of our 2022 Amended Credit Agreement, Senior Secured Notes indentures or Senior Unsecured Notes indentures could lead to a default or an event of default for which we may need to seek relief from our lenders and noteholders in order to waive the associated default or event of default and avoid a potential acceleration of the related indebtedness or cross-default or cross-acceleration to other debt. There can be no assurance that we would be able to obtain such relief on commercially reasonable terms or otherwise and we may be required to incur significant additional costs. In addition, the lenders under our 2022 Amended Credit Agreement, holders of our Senior Secured Notes and holders of our Senior Unsecured Notes may impose additional operating and financial restrictions on us as a condition to granting any such waiver.
On November 29, 2022, the Company designated 1261229 B.C. Ltd., the entity that directly or indirectly holds 89% of the issued and outstanding shares of Bausch + Lomb, as an unrestricted subsidiary of the Company in accordance with the terms of the Company’s indentures. In connection therewith, Bausch + Lomb and its subsidiaries are unrestricted subsidiaries of the Company and, as a result, are not subject to the covenants under the relevant Bausch Health indentures, and the earnings and debt of Bausch + Lomb, as defined in the relevant indentures, are also not included in the calculation of the Company’s financial maintenance covenant.
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As of March 31, 2023, the Company was in compliance with its financial maintenance covenant related to its outstanding debt. The Company, based on its current forecast, expects to remain in compliance with the financial maintenance covenant and meet its debt service obligations for at least the twelve months following the date of issuance of this Form 10-Q.
The Company continues to take steps to seek to improve its operating results to ensure continual compliance with its financial maintenance covenant and take other actions to reduce its debt levels to align with the Company’s long-term strategy. The Company may consider taking other actions, including divesting other businesses, refinancing debt and issuing equity or equity-linked securities including secondary offerings of the common shares of Bausch + Lomb, as deemed appropriate, to provide additional coverage in complying with the financial maintenance covenant and meeting its debt service obligations.
Weighted Average Interest Rate
The accounting for the Exchange Offer results in the New Secured Notes being carried at a premium relative to their principal amount and will result in no interest expense to be recorded in our financial statements for a significant portion of the New Secured Notes. Therefore, interest expense recorded in our financial statements will differ significantly from the contractual interest rates of the New Secured Notes and term loan facilities. The weighted average interest rate of our debt as reported in our financial statements and the weighted average stated rate of interest was 6.26% and 7.87%, respectively, as of March 31, 2023.
Focus on Capitalization of the Post-separation Entities
In connection with the B+L Separation, we have emphasized that it is important that the post-separation entities be well-capitalized, with appropriate leverage and with access to additional capital, if and when needed, to provide each entity with the ability to independently allocate capital to areas that will strengthen their own competitive positions in their respective lines of business and position each entity for sustainable growth. Therefore, we see the appropriate capitalization and leverage of these businesses post-separation as a key to bringing out the maximum value across our portfolio of assets and it continues to be a primary objective of our plan of separation.
Credit Rating
As of May 4, 2023, the credit ratings and outlook from Moody’s, Standard & Poor’s (“S&P’s”) and Fitch for certain outstanding obligations of the Company were as follows:

|  | Bausch Health Companies Inc. |  | Bausch + Lomb Corporation
Rating Agency |  | Corporate Rating |  | Senior Secured Rating |  | Senior Unsecured Rating |  | Outlook |  | Corporate Rating |  | Senior Secured Rating |  | Outlook
Moody’s |  | Caa2 |  | Caa1 |  | Ca |  | Negative |  |  |  | B1 |  | Negative
Standard & Poor’s |  | CCC |  | CCC+ |  | CCC- |  | Negative |  | B- |  | B- |  | Positive
Fitch |  | CCC |  | B |  | CC |  | No Outlook |  | B- |  | BB- |  | Rating Watch Evolving

Bausch Health Companies Inc. - During the first quarter of 2023, S&P’s lowered our corporate ratings one notch and changed its outlook to negative.
Bausch + Lomb Corporation - There were no changes to the corporate credit ratings of Bausch + Lomb Corporation during the first quarter of 2023.
Any downgrade in our corporate credit ratings or other credit ratings may increase our cost of borrowing and may negatively impact our ability to raise additional debt capital.
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS AND CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
We have no off-balance sheet arrangements that have a material current effect or that are reasonably likely to have a material effect on our results of operations, financial condition, capital expenditures, liquidity or capital resources.
A substantial portion of our cash requirements for the remainder of 2023 are for debt service. Our other future cash requirements relate to working capital, capital expenditures, business development transactions (contingent consideration), benefit obligations and litigation settlements. In addition, we may use cash to enter into licensing arrangements and/or to make strategic acquisitions. We regularly consider licensing and acquisition opportunities within our core therapeutic areas, some of which could be sizable.
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In addition to our working capital requirements, as of March 31, 2023, we expect our primary cash requirements during the remainder of 2023 to include:
•Debt repayments and interest payments—Based on our debt portfolio as of May 4, 2023, we anticipate making mandatory amortization and interest payments of approximately $1,189 million during the period April 1, 2023 through December 31, 2023. We have, and in the future may also elect to make additional principal payments under certain circumstances. Further, in the ordinary course of business, we may borrow and repay additional amounts under our credit facilities using cash on hand, cash from operations and cash provided from the sale of common stock and additional debt financings in connection with the B+L Separation;
•Capital expenditures—We expect to make payments of approximately $230 million for property, plant and equipment during the period April 1, 2023 through December 31, 2023;
•Contingent consideration payments—We expect to make contingent consideration payments of approximately $80 million during the period April 1, 2023 through December 31, 2023. These payments include a potential $45 million payment in connection with our agreement with Novaliq GmbH should the FDA approve our NDA for NOV03, an investigational drug with a novel mechanism of action to treat DED associated with MGM. If approved, we anticipate launching NOV03 in the U.S. in the second half of 2023; and
•Benefit obligations—We expect to make aggregate payments under our pension and postretirement obligations of $6 million during the period April 1, 2023 through December 31, 2023.
Litigation Payments
In the ordinary course of business, the Company is involved in litigation, claims, government inquiries, investigations, charges and proceedings. As of March 31, 2023, the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet includes accrued loss contingencies of $326 million related to matters which are both probable and reasonably estimable, however, a reliable estimate of the period in which the remaining loss contingencies will be payable, if ever, cannot be made. Our ability to successfully defend the Company against pending and future litigation may impact future cash flows.
See Note 17, “LEGAL PROCEEDINGS” to our unaudited interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further details.
Future Cost Savings Programs
We continue to evaluate opportunities to improve our operating results and may initiate additional cost savings programs to streamline our operations and eliminate redundant processes and expenses. These cost savings programs may include, but are not limited to: (i) reducing headcount, (ii) eliminating real estate costs associated with unused or under-utilized facilities and (iii) implementing contribution margin improvement and other cost reduction initiatives. The expenses associated with the implementation of these cost savings programs could be material and may impact our cash flows.
Future Licensing Payments
In the ordinary course of business, the Company may enter into select licensing and collaborative agreements for the commercialization and/or development of unique products primarily in the U.S. and Canada. In connection with these agreements, the Company may pay an upfront fee to secure the agreement. See Note 4, “LICENSING AGREEMENTS AND ACQUISITION” to our unaudited interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Payments associated with the upfront fee for these agreements cannot be reasonably estimated at this time and could be material.
Unrecognized Tax Benefits
As of March 31, 2023, the Company had unrecognized tax benefits totaling $901 million, of which, $5 million is expected to be realized during the remainder of 2023, however a reliable estimate of the period in which the remaining uncertain tax positions will be payable, if ever, cannot be made.
Future Repurchases of Debt
The Company regularly evaluates market conditions, its liquidity profile, and various financing alternatives for opportunities to enhance its capital structure. If opportunities are favorable, we may, from time to time, purchase outstanding debt for cash in open market purchases or privately negotiated transactions. Such repurchases or exchanges, if any, will depend on prevailing market conditions, future liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors.
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There have been no other material changes to the contractual obligations disclosed in Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Contractual Obligations” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC and the CSA on February 23, 2023.
OUTSTANDING SHARE DATA
Our common shares trade on the New York Stock Exchange and the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol “BHC”.
At April 28, 2023, we had 363,723,880 issued and outstanding common shares. In addition, as of April 28, 2023, we had outstanding 11,659,087 stock options and 11,168,222 time-based restricted share units that each represent the right of a holder to receive one of the Company’s common shares, and 735,711 performance-based restricted share units that represent the right of a holder to receive a number of the Company’s common shares up to a specified maximum. A maximum of 1,471,423 common shares could be issued upon vesting of the performance-based restricted share units outstanding.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
Critical accounting policies and estimates are those policies and estimates that are most important and material to the preparation of our financial statements, and which require management’s most subjective and complex judgment due to the need to select policies from among alternatives available, and to make estimates about matters that are inherently uncertain. Management has reassessed the critical accounting policies and estimates as disclosed in Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC and the CSA on February 23, 2023, and determined that there were no significant changes in our critical accounting policies and estimates during the three months ended March 31, 2023.
Interim Goodwill Assessment
No events occurred, or circumstances changed during the three months ended March 31, 2023, that indicated that the fair value of any reporting unit might be below its respective carrying value. However, as a result of certain market conditions, macroeconomic factors and other business specific related factors that existed in 2022, the Company continues to monitor changes in the facts and circumstances which may impact the fair value of its Dermatology, Salix and Neurology and other reporting units.
Dermatology
As a result of the impairment of goodwill in 2022, the Dermatology reporting unit had no headroom on September 30, 2022. As such, we continue to monitor conditions which may impact the valuation of the reporting unit including the reporting unit’s performance and revisions, if any, to its long-term forecasts in light of current market conditions, current trends in business performance and the expected impacts of management’s latest business strategies. Our current evaluation of these matters supports our previous expectations for the long-term business performance. Additionally, based on reference interest rates as of March 31, 2023, the Company concluded that discount rates would not have increased as compared to the discount rate used in determining the fair value as of September 30, 2022 when the unit was last tested. Based on our evaluation, we have not identified any changes in facts or circumstances that would suggest that it is more likely than not that the fair value of this reporting unit is less than its carrying value. However, given the limited headroom for this reporting unit, if market conditions deteriorate, or if we are unable to execute on our strategies, it may be necessary to record impairment charges in the future and those charges could be material.
Salix
Based on the quantitative fair value testing performed in 2022, the Salix reporting unit had limited headroom as of September 30, 2022. As such, we continue to monitor conditions which may impact the valuation of the reporting unit including the potential impacts of changes in the facts and circumstances of the Norwich Legal Decision, the reporting unit’s performance and revisions, if any, to its long-term forecasts in light of current market conditions, current trends in business performance and the expected impacts of management’s latest business strategies. During the period September 30, 2022 through March 31, 2023, there were no material changes in the facts and circumstances of the Norwich Legal Decision, including management’s assessment as to a competitor’s ability to launch a successful generic version to Xifaxan® prior to January 2028, if they are able to launch one at all. Our current evaluation of these matters supports our previous expectations for the long-term business performance. Additionally, based on reference interest rates, the Company concluded that discount rates would not have increased as compared to the discount rate used in determining the fair value as of September 30, 2022 when the unit was last tested. Based on our evaluation, we have not identified any changes in facts or circumstances that would suggest that it is more likely than not that the fair value of this reporting unit is less than its carrying value. However,
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given the limited headroom for this reporting unit, if we receive a negative outcome to the Norwich Legal Decision, if market conditions deteriorate or if we are unable to execute on our strategies, it may be necessary to record impairment charges in the future and those charges could be material.
Neurology and Other
As a result of the impairment of goodwill in 2022, the Neurology and Other reporting unit had no headroom on October 1, 2022. As such, we continue to monitor conditions which may impact the valuation of the reporting unit including the reporting unit’s performance and revisions, if any, to its long-term forecasts in light of current market conditions, current trends in business performance and the expected impacts of management’s latest business strategies. Our current evaluation of these matters supports our previous expectations for the long-term business performance. Additionally, based on reference interest rates, the Company concluded that discount rates would not have increased as compared to the discount rate used in determining the fair value as of October 1, 2022 when the reporting unit was last tested. Based on our evaluation, we have not identified any changes in facts or circumstances that would suggest that it is more likely than not that the fair value of this reporting unit is less than its carrying value. However, if market conditions deteriorate, or if we are unable to execute on our strategies, it may be necessary to record impairment charges in the future and those charges could be material.
See Note 8, “INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND GOODWILL” to our unaudited interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further details related to goodwill.
NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
None.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Caution regarding forward-looking information and statements and “Safe-Harbor” statements under the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and applicable Canadian securities laws:
To the extent any statements made in this Form 10-Q contain information that is not historical, these statements are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and may be forward-looking information within the meaning defined under applicable Canadian securities laws (collectively, “forward-looking statements”).
These forward-looking statements relate to, among other things: our business strategy, business plans and prospects and forecasts and changes thereto; product pipeline, prospective products and product approvals, expected launches of new products, product development and future performance and results of current and anticipated products; anticipated revenues for our products; expected research and development (“R&D”) and marketing spend; our expected primary cash and working capital requirements for this fiscal year and beyond; the Company’s plans for continued improvement in operational efficiency and the anticipated impact of such plans; our liquidity and our ability to satisfy our debt maturities as they become due; our ability to reduce debt levels; our ability to comply with the financial and other covenants contained in the 2022 Amended Credit Agreement and senior notes indentures; the ability of our subsidiary, Bausch + Lomb, to comply with the financial and other covenants contained in the B+L Credit Agreement; the impact of our distribution, fulfillment and other third-party arrangements; proposed pricing actions; exposure to foreign currency exchange rate changes and interest rate changes; the outcome of contingencies, such as litigation, subpoenas, investigations, reviews, audits and regulatory proceedings; the anticipated impact of the adoption of new accounting standards; general market conditions; our expectations regarding our financial performance, including revenues, expenses, gross margins and income taxes; our impairment assessments, including the assumptions used therein and the results thereof; the anticipated impact of the evolving COVID-19 pandemic and related responses from governments and private sector participants on the Company, its supply chain, third-party suppliers, project development timelines, costs, revenues, margins, liquidity and financial condition, the anticipated timing, speed and magnitude of recovery from these COVID-19 pandemic related impacts and the Company’s planned actions and responses to this pandemic; the anticipated impact from the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine; and the Company’s plan to separate its eye health business, including the structure and timing of completing such separation transaction.
Forward-looking statements can generally be identified by the use of words such as “believe”, “anticipate”, “expect”, “intend”, “estimate”, “plan”, “continue”, “will”, “may”, “could”, “would”, “should”, “target”, “potential”, “opportunity”, “designed”, “create”, “predict”, “project”, “forecast”, “seek”, “strive”, “ongoing”, “decrease” or “increase” and variations or other similar expressions. In addition, any statements that refer to expectations, intentions, projections or other characterizations of future events or circumstances are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements may not be appropriate for other purposes. All of the statements in this Form 10-Q that contain forward-looking statements are qualified by these cautionary statements. These statements are based upon the current expectations and beliefs of management. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable, such
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statements involve risks and uncertainties, and undue reliance should not be placed on such statements. Certain material factors or assumptions are applied in making such forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, factors and assumptions regarding the items previously outlined, those factors, risks and uncertainties outlined below and the assumption that none of these factors, risks and uncertainties will cause actual results or events to differ materially from those described in such forward-looking statements. Actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied in such statements. Important factors, risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from these expectations include, among other things, the following:
•the potential adverse impact on our business and operations resulting from the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine;
•the risks and uncertainties caused by or relating to the evolving COVID-19 pandemic, the fear of that pandemic, the availability and effectiveness of vaccines for COVID-19 (including with respect to current or future variants and subvariants), COVID-19 vaccine immunization rates, the emergence of variant and subvariant strains of COVID-19, the resurgence of the COVID-19 virus and variant and subvariant strains thereof (including, but not limited to, the recent resurgence of COVID-19 cases) and any resulting reinstitution of lockdowns and other restrictions, the evolving reaction of governments, private sector participants and the public to that pandemic, and the potential effects and economic impact of the pandemic and the reaction to it, the severity, duration and future impact of which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, and which may have a significant adverse impact on the Company, including, but not limited to, its supply chain, third-party suppliers, project development timelines, employee base, liquidity, stock price, financial condition, costs (which may increase) and revenue and margins (both of which may decrease);
•the challenges the Company faces as a result of the closing of the B+L IPO, including the transitional services being provided by and to Bausch + Lomb, any potential, actual or perceived conflict of interest of some of our directors and officers because of their equity ownership in Bausch + Lomb and/or because they also serve as directors or officers of Bausch + Lomb and our ability to timely consolidate the financial results of the Bausch + Lomb business;
•with respect to the B+L Separation, the risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the expected benefits and costs of the B+L Separation, the expected timing of completion of the B+L Separation and its terms, the Company’s ability to complete the B+L Separation considering the various conditions to the completion of the B+L Separation (some of which are outside the Company’s control, including conditions related to regulatory matters and applicable shareholder and stock exchange approvals), that market or other conditions are no longer favorable to completing the B+L Separation, that the previously announced planned Solta IPO has been suspended, that the Norwich Legal Decision (see “Xifaxan® Paragraph IV Proceedings” of Note 17, “LEGAL PROCEEDINGS” to our unaudited interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements) may affect the timing of, or our ability to complete the B+L Separation, that applicable shareholder, stock exchange, regulatory or other approvals are not obtained on the terms or timelines anticipated or at all, business disruption during the pendency of, or following, the B+L Separation, diversion of management time on separation transaction-related issues, retention of existing management team members, the reaction of customers and other parties to the separation transaction, the qualification of the separation transaction as a tax-free transaction for Canadian and/or U.S. federal income tax purposes (including whether or not an advance ruling from the Canada Revenue Agency and/or the Internal Revenue Service will be sought or obtained), the ability of the Company and the separated entity to satisfy the conditions required to maintain the tax-free status of the B+L Separation (some of which are beyond their control), limitations on the Company’s ability to sell a portion of the Company’s interest in Bausch + Lomb in order to maintain the tax-free status of the B+L Separation (including due to dilution from B+L’s issuance of share-based compensation awards), other potential tax or other liabilities that may arise as a result of the B+L Separation, the potential dissynergy costs resulting from the B+L Separation, the impact of the B+L Separation on relationships with customers, suppliers, employees and other business counterparties, general economic conditions, conditions in the markets the Company is engaged in, behavior of customers, suppliers and competitors, technological developments, as well as legal and regulatory rules affecting the Company’s business. In particular, the Company can offer no assurance that any B+L Separation will occur at all, or that any such transaction will occur on the timelines anticipated by the Company;
•ongoing litigation and potential additional litigation, claims, challenges and/or regulatory investigations challenging or otherwise relating to the B+L IPO and the B+L Separation and the costs, expenses, use of resources, diversion of management time and efforts, liability and damages that may result therefrom;
•the expense, timing and outcome of legal and governmental proceedings, investigations and information requests relating to, among other matters, our past distribution, marketing, pricing, disclosure and accounting practices (including with respect to our former relationship with Philidor Rx Services, LLC (“Philidor”)), including a number of pending non-class securities litigations (including certain pending opt-out actions in the U.S. related to the previously settled securities class action and certain opt-out actions in Canada relating to the previously settled class
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action in Canada), certain pending lawsuits and other claims, investigations or proceedings that may be initiated or that may be asserted;
•potential additional litigation and regulatory investigations (and any costs, expenses, use of resources, diversion of management time and efforts, liability and damages that may result therefrom), negative publicity and reputational harm on our Company, products and business that may result from the past and ongoing public scrutiny of our past distribution, marketing, pricing, disclosure and accounting practices and from our former relationship with Philidor;
•the past and ongoing scrutiny of our legacy business practices, including with respect to pricing, and any pricing controls or price adjustments that may be sought or imposed on our products as a result thereof;
•pricing decisions that we have implemented, or may in the future elect to implement, such as the Patient Access and Pricing Committee’s historic practice of limiting the average annual price increase for our branded prescription pharmaceutical products to single digits, or any future pricing actions we may take in 2023 or beyond following review by our Patient Access and Pricing Committee (which is responsible for the pricing of our drugs);
•legislative or policy efforts, including those that may be introduced and passed by the U.S. Congress, designed to reduce patient out-of-pocket costs for medicines, which could result in new mandatory rebates and discounts or other pricing restrictions, controls or regulations (including mandatory price reductions);
•ongoing oversight and review of our products and facilities by regulatory and governmental agencies, including periodic audits by the FDA and equivalent agencies outside of the U.S. and the results thereof;
•actions by the FDA or other regulatory authorities with respect to our products or facilities;
•compliance with the legal and regulatory requirements of our marketed products;
•our substantial debt (and potential additional future indebtedness) and current and future debt service obligations, our ability to reduce our outstanding debt levels and the resulting impact on our financial condition, cash flows and results of operations;
•our ability to comply with the financial and other covenants contained in our senior notes indentures, the 2027 Revolving Credit Facility, the 2022 Amended Credit Agreement, the B+L Credit Agreement and other current or future credit and/or debt agreements, including the ability of Bausch + Lomb to comply with its covenants and obligations under the B+L Credit Agreement, restrictions and prohibitions such covenants impose or may impose on the way we conduct our business, including prohibitions on incurring additional debt if certain financial covenants are not met, limitations on the amount of additional obligations we are able to incur pursuant to other covenants, our ability to draw under our 2027 Revolving Credit Facility, Bausch + Lomb’s ability to draw down under the revolving credit facility under the B+L Credit Agreement and restrictions on our ability to make certain investments and other restricted payments;
•any default under the terms of our senior notes indentures or the 2022 Amended Credit Agreement (and other current or future credit and/or debt agreements) and our ability, if any, to cure or obtain waivers of such default;
•any downgrade by rating agencies in our credit ratings, which may impact, among other things, our ability to raise debt and the cost of capital for additional debt issuances;
•any reductions in, or changes in the assumptions used in, our forecasts for fiscal year 2023 or beyond, including as a result of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business and operations, which could lead to, among other things: (i) a failure to meet the financial and/or other covenants contained in the 2022 Amended Credit Agreement, senior notes indentures and/or the B+L Credit Agreement (and other current or future credit and/or debt agreements) and/or (ii) impairment in the goodwill associated with certain of our reporting units or impairment charges related to certain of our products or other intangible assets, which impairments could be material;
•changes in the assumptions used in connection with our impairment analyses or assessments, which would lead to a change in such impairment analyses and assessments and which could result in an impairment in the goodwill associated with any of our reporting units or impairment charges related to certain of our products or other intangible assets;
•the uncertainties associated with the acquisition and launch of new products, assets and businesses, including, but not limited to, our ability to provide the time, resources, expertise and funds required for the commercial launch of new products, the acceptance and demand for new products, and the impact of competitive products and pricing, which could lead to material impairment charges;
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•our ability or inability to extend the profitable life of our products, including through line extensions and other life-cycle programs;
•our ability to retain, motivate and recruit directors, executives and other key employees;
•our ability to implement effective succession planning for our executives and key employees;
•factors impacting our ability to stabilize and reposition our Dermatology business to generate additional value, including the success of recently launched products and the approval of pipeline products (and the timing of such approvals);
•factors impacting our ability to achieve anticipated revenues for our products, including changes in anticipated marketing spend on such products and launch of competing products;
•factors impacting our ability to achieve anticipated market acceptance for our products, including acceptance of the pricing, effectiveness of promotional efforts, reputation of our products and launch of competing products;
•the challenges and difficulties associated with managing a large complex business, which has, in the past, grown rapidly;
•our ability to compete against companies that are larger and have greater financial, technical and human resources than we do, as well as other competitive factors, such as technological advances achieved, patents obtained and new products introduced by our competitors;
•our ability to effectively operate and grow our businesses in light of the challenges that the Company has faced and market conditions, including with respect to its substantial debt, pending investigations and legal proceedings, scrutiny of our past pricing and other practices, limitations on the way we conduct business imposed by the covenants contained in our 2022 Amended Credit Agreement, the B+L Credit Agreement, our senior notes indentures and the agreements governing our other indebtedness, and the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic;
•the extent to which our products are reimbursed by government authorities, pharmacy benefit managers (“PBMs”) and other third-party payors; the impact our distribution, pricing and other practices may have on the decisions of such government authorities, PBMs and other third-party payors to reimburse our products; the impact of obtaining or maintaining such reimbursement on the price and sales of our products; and the launch and implementation of any new pharma-care or dental-care program or related spending by the Canadian federal government;
•the inclusion of our products on formularies or our ability to achieve favorable formulary status, as well as the impact on the price and sales of our products in connection therewith;
•the consolidation of wholesalers, retail drug chains and other customer groups and the impact of such industry consolidation on our business;
•our ability to maintain strong relationships with physicians and other healthcare professionals;
•our eligibility for benefits under tax treaties and the availability of low effective tax rates for the business profits of certain of our subsidiaries;
•the implementation of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development inclusive framework on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting, including the global minimum corporate tax rate, by the countries in which we operate;
•the outcome of any audits by taxation authorities, which outcomes may differ from the estimates and assumptions that we may use in determining our consolidated tax provisions and accruals;
•the actions of our third-party partners or service providers of research, development, manufacturing, marketing, distribution or other services, including their compliance with applicable laws and contracts, which actions may be beyond our control or influence, and the impact of such actions on our Company;
•the risks associated with the international scope of our operations, including our presence in emerging markets and the challenges we face when entering and operating in new and different geographic markets (including the challenges created by new and different regulatory regimes in such countries and the need to comply with applicable anti-bribery and economic sanctions laws and regulations);
•adverse global economic conditions, including rates of inflation, and credit markets and foreign currency exchange uncertainty and volatility in certain of the countries in which we do business;
•the trade conflict between the U.S. and China;
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•the impact of the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine and the export controls, sanctions and other restrictive actions that have been or may be imposed by the U.S., Canada and other countries against governmental and other entities in Russia, Belarus and parts of Ukraine;
•the impact of the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (“USMCA”) and any potential changes to other trade agreements;
•our ability to obtain, maintain and license sufficient intellectual property rights over our products and enforce and defend against challenges to such intellectual property (such as in connection with the filing by Norwich Pharmaceuticals Inc. (“Norwich”) of its Abbreviated New Drug Application (“ANDA”) for Xifaxan® (rifaximin) 550 mg tablets and the Company’s related lawsuit filed against Norwich in connection therewith) and the impact of the Norwich Legal Decision on, among other things, our business results, financial results, and the B+L Separation;
•our ability to successfully appeal the decision of the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware in the Company’s lawsuit against Norwich in connection with Norwich’s ANDA and challenge Norwich’s ability to achieve a modified ANDA that avoids the August 10, 2022 final judgement by the District Court and omits the Xifaxan® hepatic encephalopathy (“HE”) indication and HE safety data;
•the fact that a substantial amount of our revenues are derived from the Xifaxan® product line, and that we may be materially impacted by the entry of a generic rifaximin product earlier than January 2028, including the risk of a competitor launching a generic rifaximin at risk prior to a final unappealable decision;
•the introduction of generic, biosimilar or other competitors of our branded products and other products, including the introduction of products that compete against our products that do not have patent or data exclusivity rights;
•our ability to identify, finance, acquire, close and integrate acquisition targets successfully and on a timely basis and the difficulties, challenges, time and resources associated with the integration of acquired companies, businesses and products;
•any divestitures of our assets or businesses and our ability to successfully complete any such divestitures on commercially reasonable terms and on a timely basis, or at all, and the impact of any such divestitures on our Company, including the reduction in the size or scope of our business or market share, loss of revenue, any loss on sale, including any resultant impairments of goodwill or other assets, or any adverse tax consequences suffered as a result of any such divestitures;
•the expense, timing and outcome of pending or future legal and governmental proceedings, arbitrations, investigations, subpoenas, tax and other regulatory audits, examinations, reviews and regulatory proceedings against us or relating to us and settlements thereof;
•our ability to negotiate the terms of or obtain court approval for the settlement of certain legal and regulatory proceedings;
•our ability to obtain components, raw materials or finished products supplied by third parties (some of which may be single-sourced) and other manufacturing and related supply difficulties, interruptions and delays;
•the disruption of delivery of our products and the routine flow of manufactured goods;
•economic factors over which the Company has no control, including changes in inflation, interest rates, foreign currency rates, and the potential effect of such factors on revenues, expenses and resulting margins;
•interest rate risks associated with our floating rate debt borrowings;
•our ability to effectively distribute our products and the effectiveness and success of our distribution arrangements;
•our ability to effectively promote our own products and those of our co-promotion partners;
•the success of our fulfillment arrangements with Walgreen Co., including market acceptance of, or market reaction to, such arrangements (including by customers, doctors, patients, PBMs, third-party payors and governmental agencies), and the continued compliance of such arrangements with applicable laws;
•our ability to secure and maintain third-party research, development, manufacturing, licensing, marketing or distribution arrangements;
•the risk that our products could cause, or be alleged to cause, personal injury and adverse effects, leading to potential lawsuits, product liability claims and damages and/or recalls or withdrawals of products from the market;
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•the mandatory or voluntary recall or withdrawal of our products from the market and the costs associated therewith;
•the availability of, and our ability to obtain and maintain, adequate insurance coverage and/or our ability to cover or insure against the total amount of the claims and liabilities we face, whether through third-party insurance or self-insurance;
•our indemnity agreements, which may result in an obligation to indemnify or reimburse the relevant counterparty, which amounts may be material;
•the difficulty in predicting the expense, timing and outcome within our legal and regulatory environment, including with respect to approvals by the FDA, Health Canada, European Medicines Agency and similar agencies in other countries, legal and regulatory proceedings and settlements thereof, the protection afforded by our patents and other intellectual and proprietary property, successful generic challenges to our products and infringement or alleged infringement of the intellectual property of others;
•the results of continuing safety and efficacy studies by industry and government agencies;
•the success of preclinical and clinical trials for our drug development pipeline or delays in clinical trials that adversely impact the timely commercialization of our pipeline products, as well as other factors impacting the commercial success of our products, which could lead to material impairment charges;
•uncertainties around the successful improvement and modification of our existing products and development of new products, which may require significant expenditures and efforts;
•the results of management reviews of our research and development portfolio (including following the receipt of clinical results or feedback from the FDA or other regulatory authorities), which could result in terminations of specific projects which, in turn, could lead to material impairment charges;
•the seasonality of sales of certain of our products;
•declines in the pricing and sales volume of certain of our products that are distributed or marketed by third parties, over which we have no or limited control;
•compliance by the Company or our third-party partners and service providers (over whom we may have limited influence), or the failure of our Company or these third parties to comply, with health care “fraud and abuse” laws and other extensive regulation of our marketing, promotional and business practices (including with respect to pricing), worldwide anti-bribery laws (including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the Canadian Corruption of Foreign Public Officials Act), worldwide economic sanctions and/or export laws, worldwide environmental laws and regulation and privacy and security regulations;
•the impacts of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 and potential amendment thereof and other legislative and regulatory health care reforms in the countries in which we operate, including with respect to recent government inquiries on pricing;
•the impact of any changes in or reforms to the legislation, laws, rules, regulation and guidance that apply to the Company and its businesses and products or the enactment of any new or proposed legislation, laws, rules, regulations or guidance that will impact or apply to the Company or its businesses or products;
•the impact of changes in federal laws and policy that may be undertaken under the current administration;
•illegal distribution or sale of counterfeit versions of our products;
•any plans for the Company’s aesthetic medical business;
•interruptions, breakdowns or breaches in our information technology systems; and
•risks in Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed on February 23, 2023 and risks detailed from time to time in our other filings with the SEC and the CSA, as well as our ability to anticipate and manage the risks associated with the foregoing.
Additional information about these factors and about the material factors or assumptions underlying such forward-looking statements may be found in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed on February 23, 2023, under Item 1A. “Risk Factors”, under Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of Part II of this Form 10-Q and in the Company’s other filings with the SEC and the CSA. When relying on our forward-looking statements to make decisions with respect to the Company, investors and others should carefully consider the foregoing factors and other uncertainties and
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potential events. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date made. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any of these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this Form 10-Q or to reflect actual outcomes, except as required by law. We caution that, as it is not possible to predict or identify all relevant factors that may impact forward-looking statements, the foregoing list of important factors that may affect future results is not exhaustive and should not be considered a complete statement of all potential risks and uncertainties.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Other than as indicated below under “— Interest Rate Risk” and “— Inflation Risk”, there have been no material changes to our exposures to market risks as disclosed in Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risks” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC and the CSA on February 23, 2023.
Interest Rate Risk
As of March 31, 2023, we had $13,715 million and $5,382 million in outstanding aggregate principal amount of fixed rate debt and variable rate debt, respectively. The estimated fair value of our issued fixed rate debt as of March 31, 2023 was $8,679 million. If interest rates were to increase by 100 basis-points, the fair value of our issued fixed rate debt would decrease by approximately $277 million. If interest rates were to decrease by 100 basis-points, the fair value of our issued fixed rate debt would increase by approximately $273 million. We are subject to interest rate risk on our variable rate debt as changes in interest rates could adversely affect earnings and cash flows. A 100 basis-point increase in interest rates would have an annualized pre-tax effect of approximately $54 million in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Cash Flows, based on current outstanding borrowings and effective interest rates on our variable rate debt. While our variable-rate debt may impact earnings and cash flows as interest rates change, it is not subject to changes in fair value.
Inflation Risk
We are subject to price control restrictions on our pharmaceutical products in a number of countries in which we operate. As a result, our ability to raise prices in a timely fashion in anticipation of inflation may be limited in some markets.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2023. Based on this evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2023.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
During the first quarter of 2023, we implemented a new enterprise resource planning (“ERP”) system for our U.S. and Ireland operations as part of our effort to upgrade and/or replace our ERP systems. The implementation resulted in certain changes to our processes related to financial reporting that have required us to effect certain modifications to our internal control over financial reporting. These changes to our processes have been and will continue to be subject to our evaluation of the operating effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting.
There were no other changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the first quarter of 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
For information concerning legal proceedings, reference is made to Note 17, “LEGAL PROCEEDINGS” to the unaudited interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Form 10-Q.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
There have been no material changes to the risk factors as disclosed in Item 1A. “Risk Factors” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC and the CSA on February 23, 2023.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
There were no sales of equity securities by the Company during the three months ended March 31, 2023.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
None.
Item 5. Other Information
None.
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Item 6. Exhibits

10.1* | Form of PSU Award Agreement †
31.1* | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2* | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1* | Certificate of the Chief Executive Officer of Bausch Health Companies Inc. pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2* | Certificate of the Chief Financial Officer of Bausch Health Companies Inc. pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS* | Inline XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LAB* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEF* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
104* | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

____________________________________
* Filed herewith.
† Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

|  | Bausch Health Companies Inc. (Registrant)
Date: | May 4, 2023 | /s/ THOMAS J. APPIO
|  | Thomas J. Appio Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
Date: | May 4, 2023 | /s/ TOM G.VADAKETH
|  | Tom G. Vadaketh Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

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