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INCOME TAXES (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Components of loss before income taxes | The components of Loss before income taxes for 2023, 2022 and 2021 consist of:
(in millions) |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Domestic |  | $ | (382) |  |  | $ | 64 |  |  | $ | (323) |
Foreign |  | (8) |  |  | (193) |  |  | (701) |
|  | $ | (390) |  |  | $ | (129) |  |  | $ | (1,024) |
Components of (provision for) benefit from income taxes | The components of (Provision for) benefit from income taxes for 2023, 2022 and 2021 consist of:
(in millions) |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Current: |  |  |  |  |  |
Domestic |  | $ | (21) |  |  | $ | (15) |  |  | $ | (23) |
Foreign |  | (194) |  |  | (256) |  |  | 74 |
|  | (215) |  |  | (271) |  |  | 51 |
Deferred: |  |  |  |  |  |
Domestic |  | (21) |  |  | 14 |  |  | 20 |
Foreign |  | 15 |  |  | 174 |  |  | 16 |
|  | (6) |  |  | 188 |  |  | 36 |
|  | $ | (221) |  |  | $ | (83) |  |  | $ | 87 |
Reconciliation of (provision for) benefit from income taxes from the expected amount calculated by applying the Canadian statutory rate to income (loss) before income taxes | The (Provision for) benefit from income taxes differs from the expected amount calculated by applying the Company’s Canadian statutory rate of 26.9% to Loss before income taxes for 2023, 2022 and 2021 as follows:
(in millions) |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Loss before income taxes |  | $ | (390) |  |  | $ | (129) |  |  | $ | (1,024) |
(Provision for) benefit from income taxes |  |  |  |  |  |
Expected benefit from income taxes at Canadian statutory rate |  | $ | 105 |  |  | $ | 35 |  |  | $ | 275 |
Non-deductible amount of share-based compensation |  | (19) |  |  | (19) |  |  | (9) |
Adjustments to tax attributes |  | 32 |  |  | 53 |  |  | (59) |
Change in valuation allowance related to foreign tax credits and NOLs |  | (6) |  |  | 100 |  |  | 28 |
Change in valuation allowance on Canadian deferred tax assets and tax rate changes |  | (158) |  |  | 24 |  |  | 40 |
Change in uncertain tax positions |  | (28) |  |  | (50) |  |  | 112 |
Foreign tax rate differences |  | (42) |  |  | (57) |  |  | (198) |
Non-deductible portion of Goodwill impairments |  | (104) |  |  | (175) |  |  | (99) |
Other |  | (1) |  |  | 6 |  |  | (3) |
|  | $ | (221) |  |  | $ | (83) |  |  | $ | 87 |
Schedule of tax effect of major items recorded as deferred tax assets and liabilities and valuation allowance | Deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 consist of:
(in millions) |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |  |
Tax loss carryforwards |  | $ | 3,357 |  |  | $ | 2,872 |
Provisions |  | 629 |  |  | 859 |
Debt discounts and deferred financing costs |  | 342 |  |  | 370 |
Research and development tax credits |  | 97 |  |  | 140 |
Scientific Research and Experimental Development pool |  | 51 |  |  | 48 |
Tax credit carryforwards |  | 17 |  |  | 14 |
Deferred revenue |  | — |  |  | 2 |
Prepaid expenses |  | 23 |  |  | 26 |
Share-based compensation |  | 20 |  |  | 22 |
Other |  | 16 |  |  | 24 |
Total deferred tax assets |  | 4,552 |  |  | 4,377 |
Less valuation allowance |  | (2,254) |  |  | (2,023) |
Deferred tax assets net of valuation allowance |  | 2,298 |  |  | 2,354 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |  |
Intangible assets |  | 173 |  |  | 191 |
Plant, equipment and technology |  | 51 |  |  | 74 |
Outside basis differences |  | 138 |  |  | 125 |
Total deferred tax liabilities |  | 362 |  |  | 390 |
Net deferred tax asset |  | $ | 1,936 |  |  | $ | 1,964 |
The following table presents a reconciliation of the deferred tax asset valuation allowance:
(in millions) |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Balance, beginning of year |  | $ | 2,023 |  |  | $ | 2,222 |  |  | $ | 2,252 |
Charged to Benefit from income taxes |  | 164 |  |  | (124) |  |  | (63) |
Charged to other accounts |  | 67 |  |  | (75) |  |  | 33 |
Balance, end of year |  | $ | 2,254 |  |  | $ | 2,023 |  |  | $ | 2,222 |
Summary of open tax years by jurisdiction |
Jurisdiction: |  | Open Years
United States - Federal |  | 2015 - 2023
Canada |  | 2012 - 2023
Germany |  | 2014 - 2023
France |  | 2013 - 2023
Ireland |  | 2018 - 2023
Australia |  | 2018 - 2023
Luxembourg |  | 2017 - 2021
Reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized tax benefits | The following table presents a reconciliation of the unrecognized tax benefits:
(in millions) |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Balance, beginning of year |  | $ | 881 |  |  | $ | 927 |  |  | $ | 1,025 |
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year |  | 6 |  |  | 156 |  |  | 79 |
Additions for tax positions of prior years |  | 50 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 121 |
Reductions for tax positions of prior years |  | (15) |  |  | (127) |  |  | (129) |
Lapse of statute of limitations |  | (4) |  |  | (85) |  |  | (169) |
Balance, end of year |  | $ | 918 |  |  | $ | 881 |  |  | $ | 927 |

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