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Summary of Business and Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 12 Months Ended
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Apr. 30, 2026
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract] |
Basis of Presentation | Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation The Company prepares its consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange commission (the “SEC”).
Principles of Consolidation | The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of Estimates | Use of Estimates The preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions about future events. These estimates and the underlying assumptions affect the amounts of assets and liabilities reported, disclosures about contingent assets and liabilities, and reported amounts of revenue and expenses. Actual results and outcomes could differ significantly from the Company’s estimates, judgments, and assumptions. Such estimates include, but are not limited to, determining standalone selling price for performance obligations in contracts with customers and estimating variable consideration, the estimated expected benefit period for deferred contract acquisition costs, the useful lives of long-lived assets, the incremental borrowing rate for operating leases, assumptions used to measure stock-based compensation, and the valuation of deferred income tax assets and uncertain tax positions. These estimates and assumptions are based on management’s best estimates and judgment. Management evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors, including the current economic environment, which management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. The Company adjusts such estimates and assumptions when facts and circumstances dictate. Changes in those estimates resulting from continuing changes in the economic environment will be reflected in the financial statements in future periods. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could materially differ from those estimates and assumptions.
Fiscal Year | Fiscal Year The Company’s fiscal year ends on April 30.
Concentration of Risk | Concentration of Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities and accounts receivable. The majority of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents are held by one financial institution. The Company is exposed to that financial institution to the extent that its cash balance with that financial institution is in excess of Federal Deposit Insurance Company (“FDIC”) insurance limits. The Company’s investment policy is to invest in securities with a minimum rating of P-2 by Moody’s, A-2 by Standard & Poor, F2 by Fitch or higher for short-term investments, minimum rating of BBB by Moody’s, Standard & Poor, Fitch or higher for long-term investments with maturity dates between 12 to 18 months, and minimum rating of A or higher by Standard & Poor and Fitch for long-term investments with maturity dates of 18 months or longer from the date of purchase. For accounts receivable, the Company is exposed to credit risk in the event of nonpayment by customers up to the amounts recorded on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company manages its accounts receivable credit risk through ongoing credit evaluation of its customers financial conditions. The Company generally does not require collateral from its customers. See Note 2. Revenue for information regarding the Company’s significant customers.
Cash and Cash Equivalents | Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents.
Marketable Securities | Marketable Securities The Company’s investments in marketable debt securities have been classified and accounted for as available-for-sale and are recorded at estimated fair value. The Company’s available-for-sale marketable securities comprised of U.S. treasury securities, certificates of deposit, U.S. government agency securities, commercial paper, and corporate debt securities, are classified as available-for-sale marketable securities. The Company considers all of its marketable securities as available for use in current operations, including those with maturity dates beyond one year, and therefore classifies these securities within current assets on the consolidated balance sheets. Purchase premiums and discounts are amortized or accreted using the effective interest method over the life of the related security and such amortization and accretion are included in interest income in the consolidated statements of operations. For available-for-sale marketable securities in an unrealized loss position, the Company first assesses whether it intends to sell or it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before the recovery of its entire amortized cost basis. If either of these criteria is met, the security’s amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations. If neither of these criteria is met, the Company further assesses whether the decline in fair value below amortized cost is due to credit or non-credit related factors. In making this assessment, the Company considers the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, any changes to the rating of the security by a rating agency, and any adverse conditions specifically related to the security, among other factors. Credit related unrealized losses are recognized as an allowance on the consolidated balance sheets with a corresponding charge in the other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations. Non-credit related unrealized losses and unrealized gains on available-for-sale marketable securities are reported in other comprehensive income (loss) as a separate component on the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. Realized gains and losses are determined based on the specific-identification method and are reported in interest income on the consolidated statements of operations.
Accounts Receivable | Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable includes billed and unbilled receivables, net of allowance of doubtful accounts. Trade accounts receivable are recorded at invoiced amounts and do not bear interest. The expectation of collectability is based on a review of credit profiles of customers, contractual terms and conditions, current economic trends, and historical payment experience. The Company regularly reviews the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts by considering the age of each outstanding invoice and the collection history of each customer to determine the appropriate amount of allowance for doubtful accounts.
Fair Value Measurements | Fair Value Measurements Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value are reported using a three-level fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. This hierarchy maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows: Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date. Level 2—Inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 3—Inputs that are unobservable for the asset or liability. To the extent that valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised by the Company in determining fair value is greatest for instruments categorized in Level 3. A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
Property and Equipment | Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Assets are depreciated using the straight-line method over useful lives of three to five years. Leasehold improvements and certain furniture and fixtures are amortized using the straight-line method over the lesser of the remaining respective lease term or useful lives.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets | Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company evaluates long-lived assets or asset groups for impairment whenever events indicate that the carrying value of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable based on expected future cash flows attributable to that asset or asset group. Recoverability of assets held and used is measured by comparing the carrying amount of an asset or an asset group to estimated undiscounted future net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset or asset group. If the carrying amount of an asset or asset group exceeds estimated undiscounted future cash flows, then an impairment charge would be recognized based on the excess of the carrying amount of the asset or asset group over its fair value. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of their carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell.
Goodwill | Goodwill Goodwill is the amount by which the cost of acquired net assets in a business combination exceeds the fair value of the net identifiable assets on the date of purchase and is carried at its historical cost. The Company tests goodwill for impairment on an annual basis or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. The Company performs its annual impairment test of goodwill as of February 1, and whenever events or circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired.
Leases | Leases The Company determines if an arrangement is or contains a lease at inception by evaluating various factors, including if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration and other facts and circumstances. Lease classification is determined at the lease commencement date. The Company has lease arrangements that include lease and non-lease components. The Company has elected to not account for the lease and non-lease components separately. For short-term leases, defined as leases with a lease term of 12 months or less, the Company elected to not recognize an associated lease liability and right-of-use (“ROU”), asset. Lease payments for short-term leases are expensed on a straight-line basis over the lease term. In addition, the Company subleases certain of its unoccupied facilities to third parties. Any impairment to the associated right-of-use assets, leasehold improvements, or other assets as a result of a sublease is recognized in the period the sublease is executed and recorded in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company recognizes sublease income on a straight-line basis over the sublease term. Sublease income is recorded as a reduction to the Company’s operating lease costs. The Company does not have financing leases. Operating lease ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent its obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of remaining lease payments over the lease term. The Company uses the rate implicit in the lease when readily determinable at lease inception. If the implicit rate is not readily determinable, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the adoption date for leases that commenced prior to the adoption date and the commencement date for leases that commenced after the adoption date. The incremental borrowing rate assumptions include the lease term and the Company’s credit risk. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any advance lease payments made and excludes lease incentives. The Company’s lease terms include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis as operating expense in the consolidated statements of operations over the lease term.
Software Development Costs | Software Development Costs The Company capitalizes certain software development costs subsequent to the establishment of technological feasibility. Based on the Company’s product development process and substantial development risks, the Company’s products are made available for general release as soon as technological feasibility is reached. The Company expenses the cost of purchased software that is to be sold, leased, or otherwise marketed as part of a product until the technological feasibility of the product has been established or where the software has an alternative future use. Once the technological feasibility of the product, to be externally marketed, has been established or where the software has an alternative future use, the Company capitalizes the cost of purchased software until the associated product is available for general release to customers, at which point the capitalized cost is amortized on a product-by-product basis at the greater of the ratio of current gross revenues to the total of current and anticipated future gross revenues or over the remaining estimated economic life of the product.
Deferred Revenue, Revenue Recognition, and Costs to Obtain and Fulfill a Contract | Deferred Revenue Deferred revenue consists of billings or cash received for services in advance of revenue recognition and is recognized as revenue when all of the Company’s revenue recognition criteria are met. The portion of deferred revenue that is anticipated to be recognized as revenue during the succeeding twelve-month period is recorded as deferred revenue, current and the remaining portion is recorded as deferred revenue, non-current on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company’s contract liabilities are classified as deferred revenue upon the right to invoice or when payments have been received for undelivered products or services. Revenue Recognition The Company accounts for revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codifications (“ASC”) Topic 606, Revenue From Contracts With Customers (“ASC 606”) for all periods presented. The core principle of ASC 606 is to recognize revenue from the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. This principle is achieved by applying the following five-step approach: Identification of the Contract, or Contracts, with a Customer. A contract with a customer exists when (1) the Company enters into an enforceable contract with a customer that defines each party’s rights regarding the goods or services to be transferred and identifies the payment terms related to these goods or services, (2) the contract has commercial substance and (3) the Company determines that collection of substantially all consideration for goods or services that are transferred is probable based on the customer’s intent and ability to pay the promised consideration. Identification of the Performance Obligations in the Contract. Performance obligations promised in a contract are identified based on the goods or services that will be transferred to the customer that are both capable of being distinct, whereby the customer can benefit from the goods or services either on their own or together with other resources that are readily available from third parties or from the Company, and are distinct in the context of the contract, whereby the transfer of the goods or services is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. To the extent a contract includes multiple promised goods or services, the Company applies judgment to determine whether promised goods or services are capable of being distinct and distinct in the context of the contract. If these criteria are not met, the promised goods or services are accounted for as a combined performance obligation. Determination of the Transaction Price. The transaction price is determined based on the consideration to which the Company will be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to the customer, net of sales taxes or value-added taxes. If the transaction price includes variable consideration, the Company includes an estimate of the amount it expects to receive if it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur. Usage-based fees earned in exchange for the use of the Company’s software licenses and subscription services in excess of committed usage are recognized in the period when usage occurs. Allocation of the Transaction Price to the Performance Obligations in the Contract. Contracts that contain multiple performance obligations require an allocation of the transaction price to each performance obligation based on a relative standalone selling price (“SSP”). When appropriate, the Company determines SSP based on data points that include the price at which the performance obligation has previously been sold through past transactions on a stand-alone basis, internally approved pricing guidelines and other relevant data points. If there is no observable SSP, it is estimated by considering all reasonably available information including but not limited to pricing practices, competitor pricing strategies and other observable inputs. When the SSP of a license or subscription and bundled maintenance and support services is highly variable and the contract also includes additional performance obligations with observable SSP, the Company first allocates the transaction price to the performance obligations with established SSPs and then applies the residual approach to allocate the remaining transaction price to the license or subscription and bundled maintenance and support services. If applying the residual approach results in zero or very little consideration being allocated to the performance obligation, the Company considers all reasonably available data to determine an appropriate allocation of the transaction price. If the contract contains a single performance obligation, the entire transaction price is allocated to the single performance obligation. Recognition of Revenue when, or as, Performance Obligations are Satisfied. The Company satisfies substantially all of its performance obligations over time, as discussed in further detail below. Revenue is recognized at the time the related performance obligation is satisfied with the transfer of a promised good or service to a customer over time. Revenue from software licenses that do not require maintenance and support services is recognized when the control of the software is transferred to the customer. Subscription Revenue Subscription revenue is primarily comprised of software licenses, software-as-a-service offerings, stand-ready COE support services, initial production deployments of C3 AI Applications or Generative AI, and hosting charges. Software licenses grant customers the right to use C3 AI Software, either on their own cloud instances or their internal hardware infrastructures, during the contractual term. The Company also offers a premium stand ready service through its COE. Sales of the Company’s software-as-a-service offerings include a right to use C3 AI Software during the contract term. In addition, customers pay a usage-based runtime fee for C3 AI Software for specified levels of guaranteed minimum consumption. Subscriptions also include maintenance and support services, which include critical and continuous updates to the software that are integral to maintaining the intended utility of the software over the contractual term. For a significant majority of the Company’s offerings, software subscriptions and maintenance and support services are highly interdependent and interrelated and represent a single distinct performance obligation within the context of the contract. The Company also sells software licenses that do not require maintenance and support services. The Company currently has a small number of customers that license software offerings under a perpetual license model, and the Company expects that may continue for the foreseeable future for certain customers due to their specific contracting requirements. The Company’s subscriptions are generally offered under renewable, multi-period, fixed fee contracts where payments are typically due in advance. A time-elapsed output method is used to measure progress because the nature of the promise is a stand-ready service. The Company also offers premium stand-ready C3 AI COE support services, hosting services and trial services, which are distinct performance obligations. A description of the Company’s offerings are as follows: •The C3 Agentic AI Platform. C3 Agentic AI Platform is a software platform that uses flexible, model-driven architecture to accelerate and reduce the complexities of developing enterprise-grade AI applications. C3 AI Studio is the integrated development environment engineers, data scientists, and increasingly business analysts use to design, build, test, and deploy applications on the platform. With C3 Agentic AI Platform, organizations can integrate advanced AI capabilities seamlessly and deliver AI-enabled applications faster than alternative methods to capture value quickly. The C3 Agentic AI Platform offers advanced agentic AI services and capabilities, including omni-modal data fusion, secure deployment, advanced orchestration, and a robust agent and tools framework. These features enable seamless integration and management of multiple AI models within a unified workflow, supporting a wide range of high-value, cross-industry applications and enhancing operational efficiency, security, and decision-making across sectors. Customers primarily pay for the C3 Agentic AI Platform via fixed annual fees based on the number of development users allowed to access the C3 Agentic AI Platform. The C3 Agentic AI Platform offering is primarily a term subscription and may generate additional runtime subscription fees, a form of consumption or usage-based revenue based on compute and storage resources required to run the C3 Agentic AI Platform. •C3 AI Applications. C3 AI Applications are production applications that address a wide range of predictive analytics, reporting, visualization and Generative AI use cases. C3 AI Applications are industry-tested and proven enterprise-grade applications built on a cohesive suite architecture that is designed to integrate and process highly dynamic data sets from sensor networks and enterprise and extraprise information systems, and enable advanced ML capabilities. C3 AI Applications sold without the C3 Agentic AI Platform can be in the form of term or perpetual licenses or subscriptions and earn revenue through a fixed fee or through runtime subscription fees. This includes software licenses that are demonstration versions of C3 AI Applications configured for a customer and do not require maintenance and support services. •C3 Generative AI. C3 Generative AI combines the utility of LLMs, generative AI, reinforcement learning, natural language processing, and the C3 Agentic AI Platform to rapidly locate, retrieve, and present information, disparate data stores, applications, and enterprise information systems. •C3 AI Maintenance and Support Services. C3 AI Maintenance and Support Services are provided for the C3 Agentic AI Platform and the C3 AI Applications that are selected by the customer. This support includes standard monitoring, performance monitoring, database maintenance, security monitoring, upgrading, backup and restore, patching, etc. provided by the Company. The Company continuously provides updates that are critical to the continued and enhanced utility of the software. •C3 AI COE Support Services. COE Support Services provide premium development services and support by an available pool of resources to allow the customer to utilize, extend or modify C3 AI Applications and/or to develop its own applications on the C3 Agentic AI Platform COE Support Services represent a stand-ready performance obligation comprised of a series of distinct days of service that is satisfied and recognized in revenue ratably over the term of the COE agreement. Revenue for COE Support Services is included within subscription revenue in the consolidated statements of operations. •Initial Production Deployments. Initial production deployments are subscriptions for developers access to C3 AI Application(s) and/or C3 Agentic AI Platform or C3 Generative AI and COE support services of up to six-months. Following the initial production deployment period, customers either pay a monthly fee and consumption charges using vCPU and vGPU hours as the metric to calculate payment or enter into a time-certain multi-period commitment that may include consumption charge. •Hosting Services. For certain customers, the Company provides access to the C3 Agentic AI Platform and/or C3 AI Applications in the Company’s cloud environment. The customer consumes and receives benefit throughout the hosting period from the entity’s performance of hosting and providing access to the hosted software, which the customer would otherwise have to undertake itself or obtain another party to do. The Company recognizes hosting services over time based on the consumption patterns of the customers. Customers who choose to install the C3 Agentic AI Platform and/or C3 AI Applications in their own cloud environments do not subscribe to the Company’s hosting services. Hosting services are generally offered as part of the subscription for C3 Agentic AI Platform and/or C3 AI Application arrangements and the amount of revenue recognized on a monthly basis varies based on actual consumption by the customer. Professional Services The Company’s professional revenue primarily include service fees and prioritized engineering services. Service fees include revenue from services such as consulting, training, and paid implementation services. For service fees, revenue is typically recognized over time as the services are performed. Prioritized engineering services are undertaken when a customer requests that the Company accelerate the design, development, and delivery of software features and functions that are planned in future product roadmap. When the Company agrees to this, an agreed upon fee is negotiated to accelerate the development of the software as well as other terms, such as relevant specifications. When the software feature is delivered, it becomes integrated to the Company’s core product offering, is available to all subscribers of the underlying software product and enhances the operation of that product going forward. Such prioritized engineering services result in production-level computer software – compiled code that enhances the functionality of its production products – which is available for customers to use over the life of their software licenses. Prioritized engineering services revenue is recognized as professional services over the period in which the software development is completed. Contract balances The Company typically invoices customers for subscription fees in annual increments upon execution of the initial contract or subsequent renewal, payable within 30 to 60 days, and providing customers access to the C3 Agentic AI Platform and/or C3 AI Applications. For initial production deployments, the Company typically invoices customers upon execution of the contract. Monthly usage-based runtime and hosting charges are billed as they are delivered or in arrears. Certain government contracts are cancellable during the subscription term depending on the future fiscal funding available to the contract. The Company has not experienced any cancellation due to the funding constraint related to such contracts. The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers. Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. A receivable is recognized in the period the Company delivers goods or provides services, or when the Company’s right to consideration is unconditional, whichever is earlier. In situations where revenue recognition occurs before invoicing, an unbilled receivable is recorded. While the timing of revenue recognition usually differs from the timing of payment, the Company has determined the contracts generally do not include a significant financing component, because the period between when the Company transfers its software and services to a customer and when the customer pays for the software and service is typically one year or less. The primary purpose of the invoicing terms is to provide customers with simplified and predictable ways of purchasing the Company’s software and services, not to receive or provide financing. Costs to Obtain a Contract The Company’s customer acquisition costs are primarily related to sales commissions if such costs are incremental costs to obtain a contract without a service condition. Sales commissions are deferred and then amortized taking into consideration the pattern of transfer to which assets relate. If the commissions paid on the initial and renewal contracts are not commensurate to each other, the Company amortizes the commissions paid on the initial contract over an expected period of benefit, including expected renewals, which is determined to be approximately five years. In arriving at the average period of benefit the Company considered the duration of the Company’s relationships with customers and the Company’s technology. Sales commissions for renewal contracts are generally deferred and amortized over the contract period. Sales commissions for renewal contracts are expensed as incurred when the expected amortization period is one year or less. Costs to obtain a contract that will be amortized within the succeeding 12-month period are classified as current and included in prepaid expenses and other current assets on the consolidated balance sheets. The remaining balance is classified as non-current and are included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. Amortization expense is included in sales and marketing expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. Deferred commissions are periodically analyzed for impairment.
Cost of Revenue | Cost of Revenue Cost of subscription revenue consists primarily of fulfillment costs related to compensation, including salaries, bonuses, benefits, stock-based compensation and other related expenses for the production environment, support and COE staff, third-party system integration partners, hosting of the Company’s AI Platform, including payments to outside cloud service providers, and allocated overhead and depreciation for facilities. Cost of professional services revenue consists primarily of compensation, including salaries, bonuses, benefits, stock-based compensation and other related costs associated with the Company’s professional service personnel, prioritized engineering personnel, third-party system integration partners, and allocated overhead and depreciation for facilities.
Warranties | Warranties The Company’s offerings are warranted to perform in a manner consistent with industry standards. The Company’s arrangements generally include provisions for indemnifying customers against liabilities if its services infringe on a third party’s intellectual property rights. They also generally include service-level agreements warranting defined levels of uptime reliability and performance. The Company does not consider such assurance-type warranties as performance obligations under ASC 606. To date, the Company has not incurred material costs as a result of its warranties and indemnifications.
Stock-Based Compensation | Stock-Based Compensation Stock-based compensation expense related to stock option awards, restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and employee stock awards related to the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) is recognized based on the fair value of the awards granted. The fair value of each option and ESPP awards are estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Black-Scholes option pricing model requires the input of assumptions, including the fair value of the underlying common stock, the expected term of the option, the expected volatility of the price of the Company’s common stock, risk-free interest rates, and the expected dividend yield of the Company’s common stock, which are estimated as follows: Expected term—For stock options considered to be “plain vanilla” options, the Company estimates the expected term based on the simplified method, which is essentially the weighted average of the vesting period and contractual term, as the Company’s historical option exercise experience does not provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate the expected term. The expected term for ESPP awards approximates the offering period. Expected volatility—The Company uses the average volatility of its Class A common stock and the stocks of a peer group of representative public companies to develop an expected volatility assumption. Risk-free interest rate—Risk-free rate is estimated based upon quoted market yields for the United States Treasury debt securities for a term consistent with the expected life of the awards in effect at the time of grant. Expected dividend yield—The expected dividend is assumed to be zero as the Company has never paid dividends and has no current plans to do so. Fair value of underlying common stock—Since the completion of the IPO, the fair value of the Company’s common stock is determined by the closing price, on the date of grant, of its common stock, which is traded on the New York Stock Exchange. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized following the straight-line attribution method over the requisite service period for options, and over the offering period for ESPP awards. The Company’s RSUs include time-based RSUs and performance-based RSUs with market conditions (“PRSUs”). The fair value of each time-based RSU is based on the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. The fair value of each PRSU is measured using a Monte Carlo simulation valuation model which requires the use of various assumptions, including the stock price volatility and risk-free interest rate as of the valuation date corresponding to the length of time remaining in the performance period. Stock-based compensation expense for awards with market conditions is recognized over the requisite service period using the accelerated attribution method and is not reversed if the market condition is not met. The related stock-based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the awards. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur.
Research and Development Expenses | Research and Development Expenses Research and development expenses consist primarily of employee-related costs, including salaries, bonuses, benefits, and stock-based compensation for personnel involved in developing and refining platforms and applications, including adding new features and modules, increasing their functionality, and enhancing the usability of platforms and applications. Research and development expenses also include cloud infrastructure costs, third-party system integration partners, other IT-related costs, and allocated overhead and depreciation for facilities. This includes certain costs related to development of features and modules created through prioritized engineering services purchased by customers where the Company retains the related intellectual property. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.
Advertising Expenses | Advertising Expenses Advertising expenses of $0.1 million, $18.3 million and $15.8 million incurred during the fiscal years ended April 30, 2026, 2025 and 2024, respectively, were expensed as incurred as a component of sales and marketing expenses on the consolidated statements of operations.
Restructuring Expenses | Restructuring expenses consist of severance, employee-related termination benefits, stock-based compensation expense and write-off of property and equipment.
401(k) Plan | 401(k) Plan The Company has a 401(k) tax deferred savings plan under which eligible employees may elect to have a portion of their salary deferred and contributed to the plan. Employer matching contributions are determined by the Company and are discretionary.
Foreign Currency | Foreign Currency The functional currency of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries is the U.S. dollar. Accordingly, monetary assets and liabilities of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries are remeasured into U.S. dollars at the exchange rates in effect at the reporting date, non-monetary assets and liabilities are re-measured at historical rates, and revenue and expenses are re-measured at average exchange rates in effect during each reporting period. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are recognized in other income (expense), net within the consolidated statements of operations.
Income Taxes | Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the consolidated financial statements. Under this method, the Company determines deferred tax assets and liabilities on the basis of the differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities by using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that these assets are more likely than not to be realized. In making such a determination, the Company considers all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies, and results of recent operations. If the Company determines that it is able to realize its deferred tax assets in the future in excess of their net recorded amount, the Company records an adjustment to the deferred tax asset valuation allowance, which reduces the provision for income taxes. Tax benefits from uncertain tax positions are recognized only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the Company’s consolidated financial statements from such positions are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized. Interest and penalties are recognized associated with tax matters as part of the income tax provision and include accrued interest and penalties with the related income tax liability on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.
Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders | Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders Basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is presented in conformity with the two-class method required for participating securities. The rights, including the liquidation and dividend rights, of the holders of Class A and Class B common stock are identical, except with respect to voting and conversion. As the liquidation and dividend rights are identical, the undistributed earnings are allocated on a proportionate basis and the resulting net loss per share will, therefore, be the same for both Class A and Class B common stock on an individual or combined basis. The net loss is allocated on a proportionate basis to participating securities and the resulting net loss per share attributable to common stockholders was the same for Class A and Class B common shares. Basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share attributable to common stockholders adjusts basic earnings per share for the potentially dilutive impact of stock options, RSUs and ESPP. As the Company has reported losses for all periods presented, all potentially dilutive securities are antidilutive and accordingly, basic net loss per share equals diluted net loss per share.
Segment Information | Segment Information The Company has identified its Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Executive Chairman as the chief operating decision makers (“CODMs”), who manage the Company’s business activities as a single operating and reportable segment at the consolidated level. The CODMs utilize consolidated GAAP and non-GAAP measures of profit and loss to evaluate the Company’s financial performance, allocate resources and make key operating decisions. Further, the CODMs review functional expenses (GAAP and non-GAAP cost of revenue, sales and marketing, research and development, and general and administrative) at the consolidated level to manage the Company’s operations. Other items included in GAAP and non-GAAP consolidated net income (loss) are interest income, other income (expense), net and the provision for income taxes, which are reflected in the consolidated statements of operations.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted | Accounting Standards Recently Adopted In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvement to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”) to provide disaggregated income tax disclosures on rate reconciliation and income taxes paid by jurisdiction. This guidance is effective for the Company for its fourth quarter of fiscal 2026 on a prospective basis, though early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted this guidance in its consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2026 on a prospective basis. While the adoption did not have impact on the Company’s consolidated financial results, it resulted in additional disclosures in the accompanying notes. See Note 10, “Income Taxes,” for further details. Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220) Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (“ASU 2024-03”), to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of financial information presented in the income statement by requiring disaggregated information about certain income statement expense line items. The Company is required to adopt the guidance in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2028, though early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this amendment on its consolidated financial statements. In July 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-05, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets (“ASU 2025-05”) to introduce a practical expedient for the application of the current expected credit loss model to current accounts receivable and contract assets. The amendment is effective beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2027 on a prospective basis, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this amendment on its consolidated financial statements. In September 2025, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2025-06, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software (“ASU 2025-06”). The amendment in this ASU modernizes the accounting for internal-use software costs by increasing the operability of the recognition guidance considering different methods of software development. The amendment is effective beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2029 on a prospective, retrospective or modified transition basis, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this amendment on its consolidated financial statements. In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-11, Interim Reporting (Topic 270): Narrow-Scope Improvements (ASU 2025-11), which clarifies interim disclosure requirements and the applicability of Topic 270. The amendment is effective beginning in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2028 on a prospective or retrospective basis, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this amendment on its consolidated financial statements.

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