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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Other Information | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2025
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract] |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Other Information | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Other Information Nature of Business Operations Power Solutions International, Inc. (“Power Solutions,” “PSI” or the “Company”), a Delaware corporation, is a global producer and distributor of a broad range of high-performance, certified, low-emission power systems, including alternative-fueled power systems for original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) of off-highway industrial equipment and large custom-engineered integrated electrical power generation systems. The Company’s customers include large, industry-leading and multinational organizations. The Company’s products and services are sold predominantly to customers throughout North America as well as to customers located throughout the Pacific Rim and Europe. The Company’s power systems are highly engineered, comprehensive systems which, through the Company’s technologically sophisticated development and manufacturing processes, including its in-house design, prototyping, testing and engineering capabilities and its analysis and determination of the specific components to be integrated into a given power system (driven in large part by emission standards and cost considerations), allow the Company to provide its customers with power systems customized to meet specific OEM application requirements, other customers’ technical specifications and requirements imposed by environmental regulatory bodies. The Company’s power system configurations range from a basic engine integrated with appropriate fuel system components to completely packaged power systems that include any combination of cooling systems, electronic systems, air intake systems, fuel systems, housings, power takeoff systems, exhaust systems, hydraulic systems, enclosures, brackets, hoses, tubes and other assembled componentry. The Company also designs and manufactures large, custom-engineered integrated electrical power generation systems for both standby and prime power applications. The Company purchases engines from third-party suppliers and produces internally designed engines, all of which are then integrated into its power systems. Of the other components that the Company integrates into its power systems, a substantial portion consist of internally designed components and components for which it coordinates significant design efforts with third-party suppliers, with the remainder consisting largely of parts that are sourced off-the-shelf from third-party suppliers. Some of the key components (including purchased engines) embody proprietary intellectual property of the Company’s suppliers. As a result of its design and manufacturing capabilities, the Company is able to provide its customers with a power system that can be incorporated into a customer’s specified application. In addition to the certified products described above, the Company sells diesel, gasoline and non-certified power systems and aftermarket components. Stock Ownership and Control Weichai America Corp., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Weichai Power Co., Ltd. (HK2338, SZ000338) (herein collectively referred to as “Weichai”), beneficially owns approximately 46.5% of the outstanding shares of the Company’s Common Stock as of August 26, 2025. Weichai has entered into an Investor Rights Agreement (the “Rights Agreement”) with the Company. The Rights Agreement provides Weichai with representation on the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) and management representation rights. Weichai currently has four representatives on the Board, which constitutes the majority of the directors serving on the Board. In addition, the Company and Weichai have entered into a Shareholders Agreement with the Company’s founders (the “Founders”), pursuant to which the Founders have agreed to vote in favor of Weichai’s designees to the Board and for certain other matters. The Founders currently beneficially own approximately 6.3% of the Company’s Common Stock as of September 18, 2025. As a result, Weichai is able to exercise control over matters requiring stockholders’ approval, including the election of directors, amendment of the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation (the “Charter”) and approval of significant corporate transactions. This control could have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control of the Company or changes in management and will make the approval of certain transactions impractical without the support of Weichai. According to the Rights Agreement, during any period when the Company is a “controlled company” within the meaning of the Nasdaq Listing Rules, it will take such measures as to avail itself of the “controlled company” exemptions available under Rule 5615 of the Nasdaq Listing Rules from Rules 5605(b), (d) and (e) to the extent applicable. Liquidity During the first nine months of 2025, the Company reported net income of $97.9 million and cash provided by operations of $28.7 million. On July 30, 2025, the Company amended its Uncommitted Revolving Credit Agreement (the “Revolving Credit Agreement”), which extended the maturity date from August 30, 2025 to July 30, 2027 (See Note 6. Debt) and increased the borrowing capacity to $135.0 million. As the Company has achieved profitability, is generating positive cash flows from operating activities, and has amended the Revolving Credit Agreement, the Company has concluded that its existing cash and cash equivalents and cash from operations will be sufficient for the Company for at least twelve months from the issuance of these condensed consolidated financial statements. Basis of Presentation and Consolidation The Company is filing this Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2025, which contains unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2025 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Power Solutions International, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries and majority-owned subsidiaries in which the Company exercises control. The condensed consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) and rules and regulations of the SEC for interim financial reporting. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the Company’s annual financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted. The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X and include all of the information and disclosures required by U.S GAAP for interim financial reporting. These unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company and related footnotes for the year ended December 31, 2024, included in the 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on March 24, 2025 (the “2024 Annual Report”). The Company’s significant accounting policies are described in the aforementioned 2024 Annual Report. The accompanying interim financial information is unaudited; however, the Company believes the financial information reflects all adjustments (consisting of items of a normal recurring nature) necessary for a fair presentation of its financial position, results of operations and cash flows in conformity with U.S. GAAP. Operating results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of annual operating results. Segments The Company operates as one business and geographic operating segment. Operating segments are defined as components of a business that can earn revenues and incur expenses for which discrete financial information is available that is evaluated on a regular basis by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”). The Company’s CODM is its principal executive officer, who decides how to allocate resources and assess performance. A single management team reports to the CODM, who manages the entire business. The Company’s CODM reviews consolidated statements of income to make decisions, allocate resources and assess performance, and the CODM does not evaluate the profit or loss from any separate geography or product line. Concentrations The following table presents customers individually accounting for more than 10% of the Company’s net sales:
|  | For the Three Months Ended September 30, |  | For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Customer A |  | ** |  | ** |  | ** |  | 10 | %
Customer B |  | 18 | % |  | 13 | % |  | 20 | % |  | **
Customer C |  | 11 | % |  | ** |  | ** |  | 12 | %
Customer E |  | 10 | % |  | ** |  | 11 | % |  | **
Customer F |  | 17 | % |  | ** |  | 14 | % |  | **
The following table presents customers individually accounting for more than 10% of the Company’s trade accounts receivable:
|  | As of September 30, 2025 |  | As of December 31, 2024
Customer B |  | 21 | % |  | **
Customer D |  | ** |  | 15 | %
Customer C |  | 12 | % |  | **
The following table presents suppliers individually accounting for more than 10% of the Company’s purchases:
|  | For the Three Months Ended September 30, |  | For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Supplier A |  | 28 | % |  | 13 | % |  | 23 | % |  | 15 | %
**Less than 10% of the total Use of Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires that management make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates and assumptions include the valuation of allowances for credit losses, inventory reserves, warranty reserves, stock-based compensation, evaluation of goodwill, other intangibles, property, plant and equipment for impairment, income tax valuation allowances and determination of useful lives of long-lived assets. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates. Restricted Cash Restricted cash consists of funds that are contractually restricted as to usage or withdrawal due to required minimum levels of cash collateral for letters of credits and contractual agreements with customers. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had restricted cash of $3.7 million and $3.2 million, respectively, which includes $1.4 million restricted cash held in escrow which could be required to be refunded to the customer if conditions occur as defined in the agreement with the customer. The Company has not recognized revenue associated with the restricted cash. The deferred revenue is included within Noncurrent Contract Liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Inventories The Company’s inventories consist primarily of engines and parts. Engines are valued at the lower of cost, including estimated freight-in, or net realizable value. Parts are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value, except for integral parts provided by customers for installation on custom ordered engines. Such parts are accounted for as noncash consideration which is valued at fair value. Net realizable value approximates replacement cost. Cost is principally determined using the first-in, first-out method and includes material, labor and manufacturing overhead. It is the Company’s policy to review inventories on a continuing basis for obsolete, excess and slow-moving items and to record valuation adjustments for such items in order to eliminate non-recoverable costs from inventory. Valuation adjustments are recorded in an inventory reserve account and reduce the cost basis of the inventory in the period in which the reduced valuation is determined. Inventory reserves are established based on quantities on hand, usage and sales history, customer orders, projected demand and utilization within a current or future power system. Specific analysis of individual items or groups of items is performed based on these same criteria, as well as on changes in market conditions or any other identified conditions. Inventories consist of the following:
(in thousands) Inventories |  | As of September 30, 2025 |  | As of December 31, 2024
Raw materials |  | $ | 125,204 |  |  | $ | 84,323 |
Work in process |  | 6,638 |  |  | 872 |
Finished goods |  | 28,847 |  |  | 16,812 |
Total inventories |  | 160,689 |  |  | 102,007 |
Inventory allowance |  | (8,466) |  |  | (8,135) |
Inventories, net |  | $ | 152,223 |  |  | $ | 93,872 |
Activity in the Company’s inventory allowance was as follows:
(in thousands) |  | For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
Inventory Allowance |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Balance at beginning of period |  | $ | 8,135 |  |  | $ | 5,730 |
Charged to expense |  | 487 |  |  | 2,910 |
Write-offs |  | (156) |  |  | (412) |
Balance at end of period |  | $ | 8,466 |  |  | $ | 8,228 |
As of September 30, 2025, the Company’s inventory included $2.8 million of raw materials provided by its customers for installation in the fulfillment of its performance obligations to these customers and recorded an associated contract liability. See Note 2. Revenue for further information regarding contract assets and contract liabilities. Other Accrued Liabilities Other accrued liabilities consisted of the following:
(in thousands) Other Accrued Liabilities |  | As of September 30, 2025 |  | As of December 31, 2024
Accrued product warranty |  | $ | 7,008 |  |  | $ | 10,233 |
Accrued litigation 1 |  | 1,400 |  |  | 3,847 |
Contract liabilities |  | 12,525 |  |  | 10,184 |
Accrued compensation and benefits |  | 18,604 |  |  | 10,721 |
Accrued interest expense |  | 331 |  |  | 1,237 |
Stock appreciation rights liability 2 |  | 1,174 |  |  | 1,804 |
Non-interest bearing note payable |  | 728 |  |  | 693 |
Customs accrual |  | 4,683 |  |  | 1,162 |
Taxes payable |  | 163 |  |  | 200 |
Other |  | 3,077 |  |  | 4,645 |
Total |  | $ | 49,693 |  |  | $ | 44,726 |
1 As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 accrued litigation includes accruals related to various ongoing legal matters including associated legal fees. See Note 10. Commitments and Contingencies for further information regarding the various ongoing legal matters. 2 The Company has an incentive compensation plan, which authorizes the granting of a variety of different types of awards including, but not limited to, non-qualified stock options, incentive stock options, Stock Appreciation Rights (“SARs”), Restricted Stock Awards (“RSAs”), deferred stock and performance units to its executive officers, employees, consultants and Directors. T he SAR awards granted for the year ended September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were all liability classified awards and remained outstanding. See Note 13. Stock-Based Compensation in the Company’s 2024 Annual Report for additional information on the SARs and RSAs. Warranty Costs The Company offers a standard limited warranty on the workmanship of its products that in most cases covers defects for a defined period. Warranties for certified emission products are mandated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (the “EPA”) and/or the California Air Resources Board (the “CARB”) and are longer than the Company’s standard warranty on certain emission-related products. The Company’s products also carry limited warranties from suppliers. The Company’s warranties generally apply to engines fully manufactured by the Company and to the modifications the Company makes to supplier base products. Costs related to supplier warranty claims are generally borne by the supplier and passed through to the end customer. Warranty estimates are based on historical experience and represent the projected cost associated with the product. A liability and related expense are recognized at the time products are sold. The Company adjusts estimates when it is determined that actual costs may differ from initial or previous estimates. The Company’s warranty liability is generally affected by failure rates, repair costs and the timing of failures. Future events and circumstances related to these factors could materially change the estimates and require adjustments to the warranty liability. In addition, new product launches require a greater use of judgment in developing estimates until historical experience becomes available. Accrued product warranty activities are presented below:
(in thousands) |  | For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
Accrued Product Warranty |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Balance at beginning of period |  | $ | 13,972 |  |  | $ | 19,263 |
Current period provision * |  | 4,657 |  |  | 4,398 |
Changes in estimates for preexisting warranties ** |  | 736 |  |  | 2,115 |
Payments made during the period |  | (10,291) |  |  | (10,413) |
Balance at end of period |  | 9,074 |  |  | 15,363 |
Less: current portion |  | 7,008 |  |  | 10,455 |
Noncurrent accrued product warranty (included with Other Noncurrent liabilities) |  | $ | 2,066 |  |  | $ | 4,908 |
*Warranty costs, net of supplier recoveries and other adjustments, were $5.3 million and $5.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Supplier recoveries were $0.1 million and $0.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. **Changes in estimates for preexisting warranties reflect changes in the Company’s estimate of warranty costs for products sold in prior periods. Such adjustments typically occur when claims experience deviates from historical and expected trends. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company recorded a cost for changes in estimates of preexisting warranties of $0.7 million, or $0.03 per diluted share. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recorded a cost of $2.1 million, or $0.09 per diluted share. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements – Adopted In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures – Segment Reporting (Topic 280). The amendments to this standard require public entities to disclose more detailed information about their reportable segments’ significant expenses on an interim and annual basis. The amendments to this standard do not change how a public entity identifies its operating segments, aggregates those operating segments, or applies the quantitative thresholds to determine its reportable segments. The amendments to this standard apply to all public entities that are required to report segment information in accordance with Topic 280, Segment Reporting and are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company adopted this guidance for the year ending December 31, 2024 and subsequent interim periods. See Note 15. Segment Reporting for the new disclosures required by the standard. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements – Not Yet Adopted In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures - Income Taxes (Topic 740). The amendments to this standard enhances the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures, primarily related to rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information as well as effectiveness of overall income tax disclosures. The new standard is effective for non-public companies, and public business entities that meet the definition of a smaller reporting company as defined by the SEC, for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is required to adopt the guidance for its 2025 annual report filed on Form 10-K, though early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of these amendments on its disclosures, but this standard update will not impact the Company's results of operations or financial position. In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income: Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40). This update requires entities to provide more detailed disclosures about the components of significant expense categories, enhancing the transparency and decision usefulness of financial statements. The amendments in this update are intended to provide investors with additional information about specific expense categories in the notes to the financial statements at interim and annual reporting periods. The updated standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods thereafter, although early adoption is permitted. While we anticipate that the adoption of this standard will require additional disclosures, the Company is currently assessing the impact of the amendment to this standard on its consolidated financial statements. In July 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-05, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets (Topic 326). The update permits entities to elect a practical expedient for estimating expected credit losses on current trade receivables and current contract assets by assuming that conditions existing at the balance sheet date will remain unchanged over the life of those assets. The update standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact of the amendment to this standard on its consolidated financial statements.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the organization, consolidation and basis of presentation of financial statements disclosure, and significant accounting policies of the reporting entity. May be provided in more than one note to the financial statements, as long as users are provided with an understanding of (1) the significant judgments and assumptions made by an enterprise in determining whether it must consolidate a VIE and/or disclose information about its involvement with a VIE, (2) the nature of restrictions on a consolidated VIE's assets reported by an enterprise in its statement of financial position, including the carrying amounts of such assets, (3) the nature of, and changes in, the risks associated with an enterprise's involvement with the VIE, and (4) how an enterprise's involvement with the VIE affects the enterprise's financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. Describes procedure if disclosures are provided in more than one note to the financial statements. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483426/235-10-50-1 Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Topic 810 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/810/tableOfContent Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Topic 205 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/205/tableOfContent + Details
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