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Note 5 - Loans and ACL for Loans

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Loans, Notes, Trade and Other Receivables Disclosure [Text Block]

(5)

Loans and ACL for Loans

Composition of loans by class follows:

December 31, (in thousands)	2022		2021

Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied	$	1,397,346	$	1,128,244
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		834,629		678,405
Total commercial real estate		2,231,975		1,806,649

Commercial and industrial - term		765,163		596,710
Commercial and industrial - term - PPP		18,593		140,734
Commercial and industrial - lines of credit		465,813		370,312
Total commercial and industrial		1,249,569		1,107,756

Residential real estate - owner occupied		591,515		400,695
Residential real estate - non-owner occupied		313,248		281,018
Total residential real estate		904,763		681,713

Construction and land development		445,690		299,206
Home equity lines of credit		200,725		138,976
Consumer		139,461		104,294
Leases		13,322		13,622
Credit cards		20,413		17,087
Total loans (1)	$	5,205,918	$	4,169,303

(1) Total loans are presented inclusive of premiums, discounts and net loan origination fees and costs.

As a result of the CB acquisition on March 7, 2022, $632 million in loans (net of purchase accounting adjustments) were added to the portfolio. Loans totaling $755 million were added to the portfolio as a result of the KB acquisition on May 31, 2021.

Fees and costs of originating loans are deferred at origination and amortized over the life of the loan. Loan balances reported herein include deferred loan origination fees, net of deferred loan costs. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, net deferred loan origination fees exceeded deferred loan origination costs, resulting in net negative balances of $1 million and $6 million, respectively. The large change from the prior year was attributed forgiveness activity within the PPP portfolio, which resulted in the acceleration of origination fee recognition.

Bancorp’s credit exposure is diversified with secured and unsecured loans to individuals and businesses. No specific industry concentration exceeds 10% of loans outstanding. While Bancorp has a diversified loan portfolio, a customer’s ability to honor contracts is somewhat dependent upon the economic stability and/or industry in which that customer does business. Loans outstanding and related unfunded commitments are primarily concentrated within Bancorp’s current market areas, which encompass Louisville, central, eastern and northern Kentucky, as well as the Indianapolis, Indiana and Cincinnati, Ohio metropolitan markets.

Bancorp occasionally enters into loan participation agreements with other banks in the ordinary course of business to diversify credit risk. For certain sold participation loans, Bancorp has retained effective control of the loans, typically by restricting the participating institutions from pledging or selling their share of the loan without permission from Bancorp. GAAP requires the participated portion of these loans to be recorded as secured borrowings. The participated portions of these loans are included in the C&I totals above with a corresponding liability reflected in other liabilities. At both December 31, 2022 and 2021, the total participated portions of loans of this nature totaled $5 million.

Accrued interest on loans, which is excluded from the amortized cost of loans, totaled $17 million and $11 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and was included in the consolidated balance sheets.

Loans with carrying amounts of $2.77 billion and $2.20 billion were pledged to secure FHLB borrowing capacity at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

Loans to directors and their related interests, including loans to companies for which directors are principal owners and executive officers are presented in the following table:

Years ended December 31, (in thousands)	2022			2021
Balance at beginning of period	$	53,574		$	43,091
Effect of change in composition of directors and executive officers		1,124			240
New term loans		15,000			5,000
Repayment of term loans		(1,588	)		(3,671	)
Changes in balances of revolving lines of credit		10,575			8,914
Balance at end of period	$	78,685		$	53,574

PCD Loans

In connection with the acquisitions of CB on March 7, 2022, and KB on May 31, 2021, Bancorp acquired loans both with and without evidence of credit quality deterioration subsequent to origination. Acquired loans are recorded at their fair value at the time of acquisition with no carryover from the acquired institution’s previously recorded ACL. Acquired loans are accounted for under ASC 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses.

The fair value of acquired loans recorded at the time of acquisition is based upon several factors, including the timing and payment of expected cash flows, as adjusted for estimated credit losses and prepayments, and then discounting these cash flows using comparable market rates. The resulting fair value adjustment is recorded in the form of a premium or discount to the unpaid principal balance of the respective loans. As it relates to acquired loans that, as of the date of acquisition, have experienced a more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination (“PCD”), the net premium or net discount is adjusted to reflect Bancorp’s allowance for credit losses recorded for PCD loans at the time of acquisition, and the remaining fair value adjustment is accreted or amortized into interest income over the remaining life of the respective loans. As it relates to loans not classified as PCD (“non-PCD”) loans, the credit loss and yield components of their fair value adjustment are aggregated, and the resulting net premium or net discount is accreted or amortized into interest income over the remaining life of the respective loans. Bancorp records an ACL for non-PCD loans at the time of acquisition through provision expense, and therefore, no further adjustments are made to the net premium or net discount for non-PCD loans.

Bancorp purchased loans through the acquisitions of CB and KB for which there was, at the time of acquisition, more-than-insignificant deterioration of credit quality since origination. The carrying amount of loans acquired and classified as PCD was as follows at the respective acquisition dates:

	CB			KB
(in thousands)	March 7, 2022			May 31, 2021

Purchase price of PCD loans at acquisition	$	88,549		$	32,765
ACL for loans at acquisition		(9,950	)		(6,757	)
Non-credit discount at acquisition		(4,094	)		(735	)
Fair value of PCD loans at acquisition	$	74,505		$	25,273

At December 31, 2022, the book balance of PCD loans acquired as a result of the CB and KB acquisitions totaled $64 million and $13 million, respectively. Interest income recognized on loans classified as PCD totaled $5.2 million and $647,000 for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

ACL for Loans

The table below reflects activity in the ACL related to loans:

(in thousands) Year ended December 31, 2022	Beginning Balance		Initial ACL for PCD Loans		Provision for Credit Losses on Loans			Charge-offs			Recoveries		Ending Balance

Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied	$	15,960	$	3,508	$	3,173		$	(37	)	$	37	$	22,641
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		9,595		2,121		(1,061	)		(41	)		213		10,827
Total commercial real estate		25,555		5,629		2,112			(78	)		250		33,468

Commercial and industrial - term		8,577		1,358		2,497			(724	)		1,283		12,991
Commercial and industrial - lines of credit		4,802		1,874		(87	)		(200	)		-		6,389
Total commercial and industrial		13,379		3,232		2,410			(924	)		1,283		19,380

Residential real estate - owner occupied		4,316		590		1,777			(30	)		64		6,717
Residential real estate - non-owner occupied		3,677		-		(75	)		(27	)		22		3,597
Total residential real estate		7,993		590		1,702			(57	)		86		10,314

Construction and land development		4,789		419		2,050			(72	)		-		7,186
Home equity lines of credit		1,044		2		567			-			-		1,613
Consumer		772		78		750			(1,080	)		638		1,158
Leases		204		-		(3	)		-			-		201
Credit cards		162		-		94			(96	)		51		211
Total	$	53,898	$	9,950	$	9,682		$	(2,307	)	$	2,308	$	73,531

(in thousands) Year ended December 31, 2021	Beginning Balance		Initial ACL for PCD Loans		Provision for Credit Losses on Loans			Charge-offs			Recoveries		Ending Balance

Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied	$	19,396	$	1,491	$	(2,031	)	$	(3,065	)	$	169	$	15,960
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		6,983		2,112		1,826			(1,909	)		583		9,595
Total commercial real estate		26,379		3,603		(205	)		(4,974	)		752		25,555

Commercial and industrial - term		8,970		1,022		(112	)		(1,337	)		34		8,577
Commercial and industrial - lines of credit		3,614		1,755		(567	)		-			-		4,802
Total commercial and industrial		12,584		2,777		(679	)		(1,337	)		34		13,379

Residential real estate - owner occupied		3,389		142		1,134			(383	)		34		4,316
Residential real estate - non-owner occupied		1,818		88		1,766			-			5		3,677
Total residential real estate		5,207		230		2,900			(383	)		39		7,993

Construction and land development		6,119		-		(1,333	)		-			3		4,789
Home equity lines of credit		895		147		1			-			1		1,044
Consumer		340		-		743			(987	)		676		772
Leases		261		-		(57	)		-			-		204
Credit cards		135		-		27			-			-		162
Total	$	51,920	$	6,757	$	1,397		$	(7,681	)	$	1,505	$	53,898

(in thousands) Year ended December 31, 2020	Beginning Balance		Impact of Adopting ASC 326			Initial ACL for PCD loans		Provision for Credit Losses on Loans			Charge-offs			Recoveries		Ending Balance

Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied	$	5,235	$	2,946		$	152	$	11,194		$	(143	)	$	12	$	19,396
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		3,327		1,542			1,350		2,115			(1,351	)		-		6,983
Total commercial real estate		8,562		4,488			1,502		13,309			(1,494	)		12		26,379

Commercial and industrial - term		6,782		365			-		1,832			(18	)		9		8,970
Commercial and industrial - lines of credit		5,657		(1,528	)		-		(515	)		-			-		3,614
Total commercial and industrial		12,439		(1,163	)		-		1,317			(18	)		9		12,584

Residential real estate - owner occupied		1,527		1,087			99		737			(79	)		18		3,389
Residential real estate - non-owner occupied		947		429			-		442			(2	)		2		1,818
Total residential real estate		2,474		1,516			99		1,179			(81	)		20		5,207

Construction and land development		2,105		3,056			-		902			-			56		6,119
Home equity lines of credit		728		114			-		53			-			-		895
Consumer		100		264			34		91			(508	)		359		340
Leases		237		(4	)		-		28			-			-		261
Credit cards		146		(50	)		-		39			-			-		135
Total	$	26,791	$	8,221		$	1,635	$	16,918		$	(2,101	)	$	456	$	51,920

The following tables present the amortized cost basis of non-performing loans and the amortized cost basis of loans on non-accrual status for which there was no related ACL losses as of December 31, 2022 and 2021:

(in thousands) December 31, 2022	Non-accrual Loans With No Recorded ACL		Total Non-accrual		Troubled Debt Restructurings (1)		Past Due 90-Days- or-More and Still Accruing Interest

Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied	$	—	$	7,707	$	—	$	78
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		1,370		2,525		—		—
Total commercial real estate		1,370		10,232		—		78

Commercial and industrial - term		403		1,182		—		259
Commercial and industrial - PPP		—		21		—		28
Commercial and industrial - lines of credit		273		348		—		300
Total commercial and industrial		676		1,551		—		587

Residential real estate - owner occupied		249		1,801		—		—
Residential real estate - non-owner occupied		—		219		—		220
Total residential real estate		249		2,020		—		220

Construction and land development		—		—		—		—
Home equity lines of credit		—		205		—		—
Consumer		—		234		—		—
Leases		—		—		—		—
Credit cards		—		—		—		7
Total	$	2,295	$	14,242	$	—	$	892

(1) Does not include TDRs reflected in the non-accrual column.

	Non-accrual Loans						Past Due 90-Days-
(in thousands)	*With No*		*Total*		*Troubled Debt*		*or-More and Still*
December 31, 2021	*Recorded ACL*		*Non-accrual*		*Restructurings (1)*		*Accruing Interest*

Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied	$	486	$	720	$	—	$	—
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		665		1,748		—		—
Total commercial real estate		1,151		2,468		—		—

Commercial and industrial - term		419		670		12		—
Commercial and industrial - PPP		—		—		—		592
Commercial and industrial - lines of credit		—		228		—		56
Total commercial and industrial		419		898		12		648

Residential real estate - owner occupied		805		1,997		—		36
Residential real estate - non-owner occupied		—		293		—		—
Total residential real estate		805		2,290		—		36

Construction and land development		—		—		—		—
Home equity lines of credit		—		646		—		—
Consumer		—		410		—		—
Leases		—		—		—		—
Credit cards		—		—		—		—
Total	$	2,375	$	6,712	$	12	$	684

(1) Does not include TDRs reflected in the non-accrual column.

For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the amount of accrued interest income previously recorded as revenue and subsequently reversed due to the change in accrual status was immaterial.

For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, no interest income was recognized on loans on non-accrual status.

The following table presents the amortized cost basis and ACL allocated for collateral dependent loans, which are individually evaluated to determine expected credit losses:

(in thousands) December 31, 2022	Real Estate		Accounts Receivable / Equipment		Other		Total		ACL Allocation

Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied	$	14,764	$	-	$	-	$	14,764	$	2,652
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		4,415		-		-		4,415		846
Total commercial real estate		19,179		-		-		19,179		3,498

Commercial and industrial - term		39		2,207		-		2,246		1,205
Commercial and industrial - lines of credit		422		2,821		-		3,243		761
Total commercial and industrial		461		5,028		-		5,489		1,966

Residential real estate - owner occupied		2,199		-		-		2,199		222
Residential real estate - non-owner occupied		415		-		-		415		116
Total residential real estate		2,614		-		-		2,614		338

Construction and land development		-		-		-		-		-
Home equity lines of credit		205		-		-		205		-
Consumer		-		-		219		219		20
Leases		-		-		-		-		-
Credit cards		-		-		-		-		-
Total collateral dependent loans	$	22,459	$	5,028	$	219	$	27,706	$	5,822

(in thousands) December 31, 2021	Real Estate		Accounts Receivable / Equipment		Other		Total		ACL Allocation

Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied	$	720	$	-	$	-	$	720	$	-
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		7,652		-		-		7,652		1,652
Total commercial real estate		8,372		-		-		8,372		1,652

Commercial and industrial - term		-		598		-		598		-
Commercial and industrial - lines of credit		-		200		-		200		-
Total commercial and industrial		-		798		-		798		-

Residential real estate - owner occupied		1,997		-		-		1,997		-
Residential real estate - non-owner occupied		502		-		-		502		116
Total residential real estate		2,499		-		-		2,499		116

Construction and land development		-		-		-		-		-
Home equity lines of credit		646		-		-		646		-
Consumer		-		-		247		247		-
Leases		-		-		-		-		-
Credit cards		-		-		-		-		-
Total collateral dependent loans	$	11,517	$	798	$	247	$	12,562	$	1,768

There have been no significant changes to the types of collateral securing Bancorp’s collateral dependent loans.

The following tables present the aging of contractually past due loans by portfolio class:

(in thousands)			30-59 days		60-89 days		90 or more		Total		Total
December 31, 2022	Current		Past Due		Past Due		Days Past Due		Past Due		Loans

Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied	$	1,393,016	$	3,404	$	460	$	466	$	4,330	$	1,397,346
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		831,731		225		2,592		81		2,898		834,629
Total commercial real estate		2,224,747		3,629		3,052		547		7,228		2,231,975

Commercial and industrial - term		763,793		157		292		921		1,370		765,163
Commercial and industrial - term - PPP		17,719		748		77		49		874		18,593
Commercial and industrial - lines of credit		464,494		389		300		630		1,319		465,813
Total commercial and industrial		1,246,006		1,294		669		1,600		3,563		1,249,569

Residential real estate - owner occupied		587,830		1,613		974		1,098		3,685		591,515
Residential real estate - non-owner occupied		312,249		373		331		295		999		313,248
Total residential real estate		900,079		1,986		1,305		1,393		4,684		904,763

Construction and land development		445,618		—		72		—		72		445,690
Home equity lines of credit		200,036		566		40		83		689		200,725
Consumer		138,846		342		85		188		615		139,461
Leases		13,322		—		—		—		—		13,322
Credit cards		20,401		3		2		7		12		20,413
Total	$	5,189,055	$	7,820	$	5,225	$	3,818	$	16,863	$	5,205,918

(in thousands)			30-59 days		60-89 days		90 or more		Total		Total
December 31, 2021	Current		Past Due		Past Due		Days Past Due		Past Due		Loans

Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied	$	1,127,448	$	-	$	81	$	715	$	796	$	1,128,244
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		677,231		360		327		487		1,174		678,405
Total commercial real estate		1,804,679		360		408		1,202		1,970		1,806,649

Commercial and industrial - term		595,070		1,032		44		564		1,640		596,710
Commercial and industrial - term - PPP		139,718		128		296		592		1,016		140,734
Commercial and industrial - lines of credit		369,963		271		22		56		349		370,312
Total commercial and industrial		1,104,751		1,431		362		1,212		3,005		1,107,756

Residential real estate - owner occupied		397,415		1,399		137		1,744		3,280		400,695
Residential real estate - non-owner occupied		280,257		403		258		100		761		281,018
Total residential real estate		677,672		1,802		395		1,844		4,041		681,713

Construction and land development		299,206		—		—		—		—		299,206
Home equity lines of credit		138,141		279		47		509		835		138,976
Consumer		103,109		724		102		359		1,185		104,294
Leases		13,622		—		—		—		—		13,622
Credit cards		17,087		—		—		—		—		17,087
Total	$	4,158,267	$	4,596	$	1,314	$	5,126	$	11,036	$	4,169,303

Loan Risk Ratings

Consistent with regulatory guidance, Bancorp categorizes loans into credit risk rating categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information and current economic trends. Pass-rated loans include all risk-rated loans other than those classified as OAEM, substandard, and doubtful, which are defined below:

OAEM – Loans classified as OAEM have potential weaknesses requiring management's heightened attention. These potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of repayment prospects for the loan or of Bancorp's credit position at some future date.

Substandard – Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the paying capacity of the obligor or of collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have well-defined weaknesses that jeopardize ultimate repayment of the debt. Default is a distinct possibility if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Substandard non-performing – Loans classified as substandard non-performing have all the characteristics of substandard loans and have been placed on non-accrual status or have been accounted for as TDRs. Loans are usually placed on non-accrual status when prospects for recovering both principal and accrued interest are considered doubtful or when a default of principal or interest has existed for 90 days or more.

Doubtful – Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or repayment in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. A loan is typically charged off once it is classified as doubtful.

Management considers the guidance in ASC 310-20 when determining whether a modification, extension, or renewal of loan constitutes a current period origination. Current period renewals of credit are re-underwritten at the point of renewal and considered current period originations for purposes of the table below. Bancorp has elected not to disclose revolving loans that have converted to term loans, as activity relating to this disclosure, which is included in the tables is currently immaterial to Bancorp’s loan portfolio and is expected to be in the future. As of December 31, 2022, the risk rating of loans based on year of origination was as follows:

(in thousands)	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year												Revolving loans amortized
December 31, 2022	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior			cost basis	Total

Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied:
Risk rating
Pass	$	338,460	$	380,612	$	264,833	$	128,407	$	76,359	$	139,095	$	24,875	$	1,352,641
OAEM		-		2,006		-		3,534		-		5,414		-		10,954
Substandard		1,381		1,012		3,744		19,574		-		233		100		26,044
Substandard non-performing		-		-		-		-		-		7,707		-		7,707
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total Commercial real estate non-owner occupied	$	339,841	$	383,630	$	268,577	$	151,515	$	76,359	$	152,449	$	24,975	$	1,397,346

Commercial real estate - owner occupied:
Risk rating
Pass	$	165,711	$	202,599	$	194,052	$	104,148	$	60,899	$	74,356	$	13,062	$	814,827
OAEM		2,895		1,777		4,540		1,891		676		216		510		12,505
Substandard		-		1,152		-		1,623		1,928		69		-		4,772
Substandard non-performing		1,533		911		-		-		-		81		-		2,525
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total Commercial real estate owner occupied	$	170,139	$	206,439	$	198,592	$	107,662	$	63,503	$	74,722	$	13,572	$	834,629

Commercial and industrial - term:
Risk rating
Pass	$	357,470	$	210,906	$	90,063	$	39,068	$	29,901	$	27,354	$	-	$	754,762
OAEM		3,835		2,935		-		303		1,426		-		-		8,499
Substandard		178		-		-		201		-		341		-		720
Substandard non-performing		539		39		486		101		17		-		-		1,182
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total Commercial and industrial - term	$	362,022	$	213,880	$	90,549	$	39,673	$	31,344	$	27,695	$	-	$	765,163

Commercial and industrial - PPP
Risk rating
Pass	$	-	$	14,212	$	4,047	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	18,259
OAEM		-		-		313		-		-		-		-		313
Substandard		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Substandard non-performing		-		-		21		-		-		-		-		21
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total Commercial and industrial - PPP	$	-	$	14,212	$	4,381	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	18,593

(continued)

(in thousands)	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year												Revolving loans amortized
December 31, 2022	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		cost basis		Total

Commercial and industrial -lines of credit
Risk rating
Pass	$	54,948	$	13,999	$	991	$	9,179	$	1,188	$	1,033	$	367,688	$	449,026
OAEM		-		-		-		-		-		366		12,491		12,857
Substandard		-		-		905		1,915		-		-		762		3,582
Substandard non-performing		-		-		-		273		-		-		75		348
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total Commercial and industrial - lines of credit	$	54,948	$	13,999	$	1,896	$	11,367	$	1,188	$	1,399	$	381,016	$	465,813

Residential real estate -owner occupied
Risk rating
Pass	$	188,765	$	189,007	$	96,818	$	28,316	$	15,281	$	70,556	$	-	$	588,743
OAEM		360		96		-		70		-		-		-		526
Substandard		18		-		10		-		140		277		-		445
Substandard non-performing		65		191		70		292		122		1,061		-		1,801
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total Residential real estate -owner occupied	$	189,208	$	189,294	$	96,898	$	28,678	$	15,543	$	71,894	$	-	$	591,515

Residential real estate -non-owner occupied
Risk rating
Pass	$	97,313	$	83,458	$	55,787	$	34,304	$	19,300	$	21,720	$	-	$	311,882
OAEM		15		-		115		271		124		290		-		815
Substandard		-		-		-		-		-		332		-		332
Substandard non-performing		86		21		-		-		-		112		-		219
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total Residential real estate -non-owner occupied	$	97,414	$	83,479	$	55,902	$	34,575	$	19,424	$	22,454	$	-	$	313,248

Construction and land development
Risk rating
Pass	$	257,559	$	99,204	$	45,427	$	580	$	5,959	$	1,123	$	30,378	$	440,230
OAEM		-		-		-		-		-		-		999		999
Substandard		4,461		-		-		-		-		-		-		4,461
Substandard non-performing		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total Construction and land development	$	262,020	$	99,204	$	45,427	$	580	$	5,959	$	1,123	$	31,377	$	445,690

Home equity lines of credit
Risk rating
Pass	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	200,481	$	200,481
OAEM		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Substandard		-		-		-		-		-		-		39		39
Substandard non-performing		-		-		-		-		-		-		205		205
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total Home equity lines of credit	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	200,725	$	200,725

(continued)

(in thousands)	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year												Revolving loans amortized
December 31, 2022	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		cost basis		Total

Consumer
Risk rating
Pass	$	27,308	$	18,396	$	5,536	$	5,450	$	2,270	$	1,621	$	78,646	$	139,227
OAEM		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Substandard		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Substandard non-performing		21		56		40		62		9		31		15		234
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total Consumer	$	27,329	$	18,452	$	5,576	$	5,512	$	2,279	$	1,652	$	78,661	$	139,461

Leases
Risk rating
Pass	$	4,643	$	4,344	$	2,589	$	535	$	576	$	635	$	-	$	13,322
OAEM		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Substandard		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Substandard non-performing		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total Leases	$	4,643	$	4,344	$	2,589	$	535	$	576	$	635	$	-	$	13,322

Credit cards
Risk rating
Pass	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	20,413	$	20,413
OAEM		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Substandard		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Substandard non-performing		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total Credit cards	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	20,413	$	20,413

Total loans
Risk rating
Pass	$	1,492,177	$	1,216,737	$	760,143	$	349,987	$	211,733	$	337,493	$	735,543	$	5,103,813
OAEM		7,105		6,814		4,968		6,069		2,226		6,286		14,000		47,468
Substandard		6,038		2,164		4,659		23,313		2,068		1,252		901		40,395
Substandard non-performing		2,244		1,218		617		728		148		8,992		295		14,242
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total Loans	$	1,507,564	$	1,226,933	$	770,387	$	380,097	$	216,175	$	354,023	$	750,739	$	5,205,918

As of December 31, 2021, the risk rating of loans based on year of origination was as follows:

(in thousands)	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year												Revolving loans amortized
December 31, 2021	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Prior		cost basis		Total

Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied:
Risk rating
Pass	$	381,014	$	298,177	$	134,286	$	86,638	$	85,110	$	81,635	$	19,465	$	1,086,325
OAEM		3,186		2,666		19,784		-		353		1,619		248		27,856
Substandard		4,174		1,440		-		-		-		7,629		100		13,343
Substandard non-performing		-		39		78		-		592		11		-		720
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total Commercial real estate non-owner occupied	$	388,374	$	302,322	$	154,148	$	86,638	$	86,055	$	90,894	$	19,813	$	1,128,244

Commercial real estate - owner occupied:
Risk rating
Pass	$	203,545	$	192,322	$	91,078	$	75,062	$	33,713	$	44,364	$	9,236	$	649,320
OAEM		1,681		1,480		3,568		469		1,506		124		570		9,398
Substandard		5,051		3,605		5,985		1,275		627		-		1,396		17,939
Substandard non-performing		1,259		-		-		-		32		457		-		1,748
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total Commercial real estate owner occupied	$	211,536	$	197,407	$	100,631	$	76,806	$	35,878	$	44,945	$	11,202	$	678,405

Commercial and industrial - term:
Risk rating
Pass	$	283,150	$	143,211	$	58,988	$	52,388	$	26,081	$	24,421	$	-	$	588,239
OAEM		738		86		254		3,382		8		-		-		4,468
Substandard		170		42		2,667		176		111		167		-		3,333
Substandard non-performing		-		543		72		55		-		-		-		670
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total Commercial and industrial -term	$	284,058	$	143,882	$	61,981	$	56,001	$	26,200	$	24,588	$	-	$	596,710

Commercial and industrial - PPP
Risk rating
Pass	$	128,409	$	12,325	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	140,734
OAEM		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Substandard		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Substandard non-performing		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total Commercial and industrial - PPP	$	128,409	$	12,325	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	140,734

(continued)

(in thousands)	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year												Revolving loans amortized
December 31, 2021	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Prior		cost basis		Total

Commercial and industrial - lines of credit
Risk rating
Pass	$	33,875	$	8,352	$	11,103	$	1,039	$	207	$	193	$	303,682	$	358,451
OAEM		-		-		-		-		-		-		6,355		6,355
Substandard		-		-		1,916		-		1,549		-		1,813		5,278
Substandard non-performing		-		-		-		-		-		-		228		228
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total Commercial and industrial - lines of credit	$	33,875	$	8,352	$	13,019	$	1,039	$	1,756	$	193	$	312,078	$	370,312

Residential real estate - owner occupied
Risk rating
Pass	$	176,487	$	99,936	$	31,327	$	17,259	$	16,599	$	56,639	$	-	$	398,247
OAEM		101		-		174		-		-		-		-		275
Substandard		-		-		-		-		108		68		-		176
Substandard non-performing		164		103		136		230		714		650		-		1,997
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total Residential real estate - owner occupied	$	176,752	$	100,039	$	31,637	$	17,489	$	17,421	$	57,357	$	-	$	400,695

Residential real estate - non-owner occupied
Risk rating
Pass	$	94,482	$	78,785	$	46,177	$	27,494	$	16,171	$	15,909	$	-	$	279,018
OAEM		352		126		281		132		-		462		-		1,353
Substandard		-		-		-		-		-		354		-		354
Substandard non-performing		103		-		45		28		-		117		-		293
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total Residential real estate - non-owner occupied	$	94,937	$	78,911	$	46,503	$	27,654	$	16,171	$	16,842	$	-	$	281,018

Construction and land development
Risk rating
Pass	$	160,696	$	99,699	$	16,665	$	6,262	$	1,890	$	1,156	$	12,736	$	299,104
OAEM		-		-		-		-		102		-		-		102
Substandard		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Substandard non-performing		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total Construction and land development	$	160,696	$	99,699	$	16,665	$	6,262	$	1,992	$	1,156	$	12,736	$	299,206

Home equity lines of credit
Risk rating
Pass	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	138,239	$	138,239
OAEM		-		-		-		-		-		-		91		91
Substandard		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Substandard non-performing		-		-		-		-		-		-		646		646
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total Home equity lines of credit	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	138,976	$	138,976

(continued)

(in thousands)	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year												Revolving loans amortized
December 31, 2021	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Prior		cost basis		Total

Consumer
Risk rating
Pass	$	23,866	$	9,316	$	5,014	$	1,260	$	555	$	646	$	63,227	$	103,884
OAEM		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Substandard		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Substandard non-performing		55		304		30		11		-		4		6		410
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total Consumer	$	23,921	$	9,620	$	5,044	$	1,271	$	555	$	650	$	63,233	$	104,294

Leases
Risk rating
Pass	$	5,375	$	3,596	$	1,375	$	1,331	$	406	$	1,539	$	-	$	13,622
OAEM		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Substandard		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Substandard non-performing		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total Leases	$	5,375	$	3,596	$	1,375	$	1,331	$	406	$	1,539	$	-	$	13,622

Credit cards
Risk rating
Pass	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	17,087	$	17,087
OAEM		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Substandard		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Substandard non-performing		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total Credit cards	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	17,087	$	17,087

Total loans
Risk rating
Pass	$	1,490,899	$	945,719	$	396,013	$	268,733	$	180,732	$	226,502	$	563,672	$	4,072,270
OAEM		6,058		4,358		24,061		3,983		1,969		2,205		7,264		49,898
Substandard		9,395		5,087		10,568		1,451		2,395		8,218		3,309		40,423
Substandard non-performing		1,581		989		361		324		1,338		1,239		880		6,712
Doubtful		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total Loans	$	1,507,933	$	956,153	$	431,003	$	274,491	$	186,434	$	238,164	$	575,125	$	4,169,303

For certain loan classes, such as credit cards, credit quality is evaluated based on the aging status of the loan, which was previously presented, and by payment activity. The following table presents the recorded investment in credit cards based on payment activity:

(in thousands)
December 31,	2022		2021

Credit cards
Performing	$	20,413	$	17,087
Non-performing		—		—
Total credit cards	$	20,413	$	17,087

Troubled Debt Restructurings

Detail of outstanding TDRs included in total non-performing loans follows:

	December 31, 2022						December 31, 2021
			Specific		Additional				Specific		Additional
			reserve		commitment				reserve		commitment
(in thousands)	Balance		allocation		to lend		Balance		allocation		to lend

Commercial real estate - owner occupied	$	850	$	202	$	—	$	950	$	202	$	—
Commercial and industrial - term		—		—		—		12		12		—
Total TDRs	$	850	$	202	$	—	$	962	$	214	$	—

At December 31, 2022, Bancorp had one loan classified as a TDR, the balance of which was $850,000. Bancorp had two loans classified as TDR at December 31, 2021, the balances of which were $950,000 and $12,000, respectively, the latter of which was paid off during the year ended December 31, 2022.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, there were no loans modified as TDRs and there were no payment defaults of existing TDRs within 12 months following modification. Default is determined at 90 or more days past due, charge-off, or foreclosure. During the year ended December 31, 2021, one CRE loan, which was acquired through the KB acquisition, was modified as a TDR. The loan had a pre- and post-modification investment of $2 million and $950,000, respectively. The borrower was given a payment concession through a change in terms in an effort to enable the borrower to fulfill the loan agreement and has paid as contracted under the modification as of December 31, 2021. The TDR described above decreased the allowance for credit losses on loans by $548,000, which was the amount charged off in relation to this note, for the year ended December 31, 2021. This TDR paid as contracted under the modification for the year ended December 31, 2022.

At December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, Bancorp had residential real estate loans for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process totaling $317,000 and $917,000, respectively.