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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Components of Provision for (Benefit from) Income Taxes

 

The following table sets forth the components of the Company’s provision for (benefit from) income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017.

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2019

 

 

2018

 

 

2017

 

Current tax expense (benefit):

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

U.S. federal

 

$

13

 

 

$

23

 

 

$

(8

)

U.S. state and local

 

 

(1

)

 

 

4

 

 

 

1

 

International

 

 

79

 

 

 

110

 

 

 

89

 

Total current tax expense

 

 

91

 

 

 

137

 

 

 

82

 

Deferred tax expense (benefit):

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

U.S. federal

 

 

(77

)

 

 

20

 

 

 

60

 

U.S. state and local

 

 

(5

)

 

 

3

 

 

 

6

 

International

 

 

(81

)

 

 

(1

)

 

 

17

 

Total deferred tax (benefit) expense

 

 

(163

)

 

 

22

 

 

 

83

 

Total (benefit from) provision for income taxes

 

$

(72

)

 

$

159

 

 

$

165

 

 

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities Components

The following table sets forth the components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 2019 and 2018.

 

 

 

December 31,

 

 

 

2019

 

 

2018

 

Deferred tax assets:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Environmental and other liabilities

 

$

99

 

 

$

80

 

Accrued litigation

 

 

37

 

 

 

28

 

Stock-based compensation and accrued employee benefits

 

 

29

 

 

 

28

 

Other assets and other accrued liabilities

 

 

6

 

 

 

8

 

Tax attribute carryforwards

 

 

96

 

 

 

29

 

Operating lease liability

 

 

75

 

 

 

 

Foreign tax credit carryforwards

 

 

18

 

 

 

18

 

Total deferred tax assets

 

 

360

 

 

 

191

 

Less: Valuation allowance

 

 

(10

)

 

 

(2

)

Total deferred tax assets, net

 

 

350

 

 

 

189

 

Deferred tax liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pension and other liabilities

 

 

(7

)

 

 

(35

)

Property, plant, and equipment

 

 

(320

)

 

 

(313

)

Operating lease asset

 

 

(71

)

 

 

 

Inventories and other assets

 

 

(30

)

 

 

(12

)

Total deferred tax liabilities

 

 

(428

)

 

 

(360

)

Deferred tax liability, net

 

$

(78

)

 

$

(171

)

 

Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate

The following table sets forth an analysis of the Company’s effective tax rates for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017. 

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2019

 

 

2018

 

 

2017

 

 

 

$

 

 

%

 

 

$

 

 

%

 

 

$

 

 

%

 

Statutory U.S. federal income tax rate

 

$

(26

)

 

 

21.0

%

 

$

243

 

 

 

21.0

%

 

$

319

 

 

 

35.0

%

State income taxes, net of federal benefit

 

 

(7

)

 

 

5.6

%

 

 

7

 

 

 

0.6

%

 

 

7

 

 

 

0.7

%

Lower effective tax rate on international operations, net

 

 

(28

)

 

 

22.7

%

 

 

(44

)

 

 

(3.8

)%

 

 

(149

)

 

 

(16.3

)%

Depletion

 

 

(5

)

 

 

4.0

%

 

 

(6

)

 

 

(0.5

)%

 

 

(8

)

 

 

(0.9

)%

Exchange (gains) losses

 

 

(7

)

 

 

5.6

%

 

 

(4

)

 

 

(0.3

)%

 

 

5

 

 

 

0.6

%

Provision to return and other adjustments

 

 

(4

)

 

 

3.2

%

 

 

(9

)

 

 

(0.8

)%

 

 

6

 

 

 

0.6

%

Valuation allowance

 

 

8

 

 

 

(6.5

)%

 

 

(15

)

 

 

(1.3

)%

 

 

(33

)

 

 

(3.6

)%

Net impact of U.S. tax reform

 

 

 

 

 

%

 

 

(10

)

 

 

(0.9

)%

 

 

39

 

 

 

4.3

%

Stock-based compensation

 

 

(14

)

 

 

11.4

%

 

 

(14

)

 

 

(1.2

)%

 

 

(20

)

 

 

(2.2

)%

Executive compensation limitation

 

 

9

 

 

 

(7.3

)%

 

 

4

 

 

 

0.3

%

 

 

6

 

 

 

0.7

%

R&D credit

 

 

(6

)

 

 

4.8

%

 

 

(5

)

 

 

(0.4

)%

 

 

(1

)

 

 

(0.1

)%

Uncertain tax positions

 

 

7

 

 

 

(5.6

)%

 

 

2

 

 

 

0.2

%

 

 

(6

)

 

 

(0.7

)%

Other, net

 

 

1

 

 

 

(0.8

)%

 

 

10

 

 

 

0.9

%

 

 

 

 

 

%

Total effective tax rate

 

$

(72

)

 

 

58.1

%

 

$

159

 

 

 

13.8

%

 

$

165

 

 

 

18.1

%

 

Schedule of Income (Loss) before Income Taxes

The following table sets forth the Company’s income (loss) before income taxes for its U.S. and international operations for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017.

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2019

 

 

2018

 

 

2017

 

U.S. operations (including exports)

 

$

(375

)

 

$

114

 

 

$

(306

)

International operations

 

 

251

 

 

 

1,041

 

 

 

1,218

 

Total (loss) income before income taxes

 

$

(124

)

 

$

1,155

 

 

$

912

 

Schedule of open tax years by significant jurisdiction

The following table sets forth the Company’s significant jurisdictions’ tax returns that are subject to examination by their respective taxing authorities for the open years listed.

 

Jurisdiction

 

Open Years

China

 

2015 through 2019

India

 

2015 through 2019

Mexico

 

2013 through 2019

Netherlands

 

2015 through 2019

Singapore

 

2015 through 2019

Switzerland

 

2015 through 2019

Taiwan

 

2015 through 2019

U.S.

 

2015 through 2019

 

Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits

The following table sets forth the change in the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017.

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2019

 

 

2018

 

 

2017

 

Balance at January 1,

 

$

2

 

 

$

 

 

$

6

 

Gross amounts of decreases in unrecognized tax benefits as a result of adjustments to tax provisions taken during the prior period

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(6

)

Gross amounts of increases in unrecognized tax benefits as a result of tax positions taken during the current period

 

 

7

 

 

 

2

 

 

 

 

Reduction to unrecognized tax benefits as a result of a lapse of the applicable statute of limitations

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance at December 31,

 

$

9

 

 

$

2

 

 

$

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total unrecognized tax benefits, if recognized, that would impact the effective tax rate

 

$

9

 

 

$

2

 

 

$

 

Total amount of interest and penalties recognized in the consolidated statements of operations

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total amount of interest and penalties recognized in the consolidated balance sheets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Summary of Deferred Tax Asset Valuation Allowance

The following table sets forth a rollforward of the Company’s deferred tax asset valuation allowance for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017.

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2019

 

 

2018

 

 

2017

 

Balance at January 1,

 

$

2

 

 

$

17

 

 

$

50

 

Net charges to income tax expense

 

 

8

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Release of valuation allowance

 

 

 

 

 

(15

)

 

 

(33

)

Balance at December 31,

 

$

10

 

 

$

2

 

 

$

17