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Research and Development Expense (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Research and Development [Abstract]  
Summary of R&D Expense by Segment and Corporate and Other

The following table sets forth the Company’s R&D expense by segment and Corporate for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

 

2022

 

Thermal & Specialized Solutions

 

$

29

 

 

$

25

 

 

$

25

 

Titanium Technologies

 

 

28

 

 

 

32

 

 

 

34

 

Advanced Performance Materials

 

 

50

 

 

 

48

 

 

 

54

 

Other Segment

 

 

1

 

 

 

1

 

 

 

1

 

Corporate

 

 

1

 

 

 

2

 

 

 

4

 

Total research and development expense

 

$

109

 

 

$

108

 

 

$

118