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Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2011
Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block] | SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Description of the Business and Segments The Company manufactures, distributes and services high quality tractor-mounted mowing and other vegetation maintenance equipment, street sweepers, excavators, vacuum trucks, snow removal equipment, pothole patchers, zero turn radius mowers, agricultural implements and related aftermarket parts and services. The Company manages its business in three principal reporting segments: North American Agricultural, North American Industrial and European, which are discussed in Notes 15 and 16. Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Alamo Group Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company” or “Alamo Group”), all of which are wholly owned. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain reclassifications have been made to prior year balances in order to conform to the current year’s presentation. The accompanying statement of income reflects the correction of a misclassification of freight revenue for the periods. Freight billed to customers was previously recorded as a reduction of cost of sales and has been reclassified to increase sales and cost of sales in accordance with ASC 605-45-45-20. The reclassification of revenue and cost of sales for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009 resulted in an increase of approximately $15.6 million, $14.0 million and $8.3 million, respectively, with no impact on reported net income. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Judgments related to asset impairment and certain reserves are particularly subject to change. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Foreign Currency The Company translates the assets and liabilities of foreign-owned subsidiaries at rates in effect at the end of the year. Revenues and expenses are translated at average rates in effect during the reporting period. Translation adjustments are included in accumulated other comprehensive income within the statement of stockholders’ equity. The Company enters into foreign currency forward contracts to hedge its exposure to certain foreign currency transactions. The Company does not hold or issue financial instruments for trading purposes. Changes in the market value of the foreign currency instruments are recognized in the financial statements upon settlement of the hedged transaction. On December 31, 2011, the Company had $3,460,000 in outstanding forward exchange contracts related to sales. The unrealized gain of the December 31, 2011 contracts that the Company expects to incur during the first quarter of 2012 is approximately $63,000, net of taxes. Foreign currency transaction gains or losses are included in Other income (expense), net. For 2011, 2010 and 2009, such transactions netted gains of $816,000, $265,000, and $625,000, respectively. Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Concentrations of Credit Risk Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of accounts receivable. The credit risk is limited because of the large numbers and types of customers and their geographic dispersion. Inventories Inventories of U.S. operating subsidiaries are stated at the lower of cost (last-in, first-out method) (“LIFO”) or market, and the Company’s international subsidiaries’ inventories are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) (“FIFO”) or market. Property, Plant and Equipment Property, plant, and equipment are stated on the basis of cost. Major renewals and betterments are charged to the property accounts while replacements, maintenance and repairs, which do not improve or extend the lives of the respective assets, are expensed to the current period. Depreciation is provided at amounts calculated to amortize the cost of the assets over their estimated useful economic lives using the straight-line method. Goodwill Goodwill consists of the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable net assets of businesses acquired. We perform our annual goodwill impairment test as of October 1 and monitor for interim triggering events on an ongoing basis. Goodwill is reviewed for impairment utilizing a qualitative assessment or a two-step process. We have an option to make a qualitative assessment of a reporting unit's goodwill for impairment. If we choose to perform a qualitative assessment and determine the fair value more likely than not exceeds the carrying value, no further evaluation is necessary. For reporting units where we perform the two-step process, the first step requires us to compare the fair value of each reporting unit, which we primarily determine using an income approach based on the present value of discounted cash flows, to the respective carrying value, which includes goodwill. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, the goodwill is not considered impaired. If the carrying value is higher than the fair value, there is an indication that an impairment may exist and the second step is required. In step two, the implied fair value of goodwill is calculated as the excess of the fair value of a reporting unit over the fair values assigned to its assets and liabilities. If the implied fair value of goodwill is less than the carrying value of the reporting unit's goodwill, the difference is recognized as an impairment loss. The Company estimates the fair value of its reporting units using a discounted cash flow analysis. This analysis requires the Company to make significant assumptions and estimates about the extent and timing of future cash flows, discount rates and growth rates. The cash flows are estimated over a significant future period of time, which makes those estimates and assumptions subject to an even higher degree of uncertainty. The Company also utilizes market valuation models and other financial ratios, which require the Company to make certain assumptions and estimates regarding the applicability of those models to its assets and businesses. As of December 31, 2011, goodwill was $31,751,000, which represents 8% of total assets. The Company recognized goodwill impairment at two of its French operations, SMA and Rousseau, in the Company's European division of $1,898,000 in 2011 and no goodwill impairment in 2010. During the 2011 impairment analysis review, it was noted that even though the Schwarze, Rivard and Faucheux reporting unit’s fair value was above carrying value it was not materially different. On December 31, 2011, there was approximately $6.8 million, $11.6million and $0.6 million of goodwill related to the Schwarze, Rivard and Faucheux reporting units respectively. These reporting units would be most likely affected by changes in the Company’s assumptions and estimates. The calculation of fair value could increase or decrease depending on changes in the inputs and assumptions used, such as changes in the reporting unit’s future growth rates, discount rates, etc. Management believes that the estimated valuations it arrived at are reasonable and consistent with what other marketplace participants would use in valuing the Company's components. However, management cannot give any assurance that these market values will not change in the future. For example, if discount rates demanded by the market increase, this could lead to reduced valuations under the income approach. If the Company's projections are not achieved in the future, this could lead management to reassess their assumptions and lead to reduced valuations under the income approach. If the market price of the Company's stock decreases, this could cause the Company to reassess the reasonableness of the implied control premium, which might cause management to assume a higher discount rate under the income approach which could lead to reduced valuations. If future similar transactions exhibit lower multiples than those observed in the past, this could lead to reduced valuations under the similar transactions approach. And finally, if there is a general decline in the stock market and particularly in those companies selected as comparable to the Company's components, this could lead to reduced valuations under the public company market multiple approach. The Company's annual impairment test is performed during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year. Given the current market conditions and continued economic uncertainty, the fair value of the Company's components could deteriorate which could result in the need to record impairment charges in future periods. The Company also monitors potential triggering events including changes in the business climate in which it operates, attrition of key personnel, volatility in the capital markets, the Company's market capitalization compared to its book value, the Company's recent operating performance, and the Company's financial projections. The occurrence of one or more triggering events could require additional impairment testing, which could result in future impairment charges. In particular, since the Schwarze, Rivard and Faucheux, reporting unit's carrying value is not materially different from fair value, any changes to the Company's assumptions could lead to an indicated impairment in step one, requiring the Company to proceed to step two and potentially record an impairment charge. See Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information regarding goodwill. Intangible Assets The Company’s definite-lived intangible assets consist of trade names. The net book value of the trademarks was $5,500,000 as of December 31, 2011 and 2010. During the fourth quarter of 2010, the Company wrote off $224,000 in older patents which the Company believes no longer provide a competitive advantage. Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives not subject to amortization consist of the Gradall trade name valued at $3,600,000 and the Bush Hog trade name valued at $1,900,000 on December 31, 2011. The Company tests its indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment on an annual basis at year-end, or more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances change that indicate that the fair value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset could be below its carrying amount. The impairment test consists of comparing the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset, determined using the relief from royalty method, with its carrying amount. An impairment loss would be recognized for the carrying amount in excess of its fair value. Identifiable intangible assets are recorded at estimated cost. Definite-lived intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives. Pensions In connection with the February 3, 2006 purchase of all the net assets of the Gradall excavator business, the Company assumed sponsorship of two Gradall non-contributory defined benefit pension plans, both of which were frozen with respect to both future benefit accruals and future new entrants. The Gradall Company Hourly Employees’ Pension Plan covers approximately 330 former employees and 150 current employees who (i) were formerly employed by JLG Industries, Inc., (ii) were covered by a collective bargaining agreement and (iii) first participated in the plan before April 6, 1997. An amendment ceasing all future benefit accruals was effective April 6, 1997. The Gradall Company Employees’ Retirement Plan covers approximately 235 former employees and 94 current employees who (i) were formerly employed by JLG Industries, Inc., (ii) were not covered by a collective bargaining agreement, and (iii) first participated in the plan before December 31, 2004. An amendment ceasing future benefit accruals for certain participants was effective December 31, 2004. A second amendment discontinued all future benefit accruals for all participants effective April 24, 2006. The Company recognizes the funded status of the defined benefit pension plans as a liability in its statement of financial position and recognizes any changes in that funded status in the year in which the changes occur through other comprehensive income. Related Party Transactions There were no reportable relationships or related party transactions for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010. During 1999, the Company approved a supplemental retirement benefit for Donald J. Douglass which is paid on a quarterly basis over a period of fourteen and one-half years that began in the year 2000. The balance on December 31, 2011 and 2010 was $184,000 and $248,000, respectively, and is included in the Accrued liabilities and Other long-term liabilities sections of the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. Revenue Recognition The Company recognizes revenue when each of the following four criteria are met: 1) a contract or sales arrangement exists; 2) products have been shipped per agreed terms and title has been transferred or services have been rendered; 3) the prices of the products or services are fixed or determinable; and 4) collectability is reasonably assured. Pre-season sales orders are solicited in the fall in advance of the dealer’s sales season in the spring and summer. Pre-season sales orders are shipped beginning in the fall and continuing through the spring and represent an opportunity for the Company’s factories to level their production/shipping volumes through the winter months. These pre-season shipments carry descending discounts in conjunction with delayed payment terms of up to six months from the dealer’s requested delivery date. Revenue from sales is recorded net of a provision for discounts that are anticipated to be earned and deducted at time of payment by the customer. These approximated discounts represent an average of historical amounts taken and are adjusted as program terms are changed. The reserves for discounts are reviewed and adjusted quarterly. From time to time, revenue is recognized under a bill and hold arrangement. Revenue recognized under bill and hold arrangements for 2011, 2010, and 2009 was immaterial. Accounting for Internal Use Software The Company capitalizes certain costs associated with the development and installation of internal use software. Internal use software costs are expensed or capitalized depending on whether they are incurred in the preliminary project stage, application development stage or the post-implementation stage. Amounts capitalized are amortized over the estimated useful lives of the software. The book value of capitalized software net of depreciation is approximately $1,320,000 and $1,779,000 on December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively. Software depreciation expense was $822,000, $749,000 and $721,000 in 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. Internal use software is amortized for financial reporting purposes using the straight-line method over the estimated life of two to seven years. Shipping and Handling Costs The Company’s policy is to include shipping and handling costs in costs of goods sold. Advertising We charge advertising costs to expense as incurred. Advertising and marketing expense related to operations for fiscal years 2011, 2010 and 2009 was approximately $6,441,000, $5,135,000 and $4,378,000, respectively. Advertising and marketing expenses are included in Selling, General and Administrative expenses (“SG&A”). Research and Development Product development and engineering costs charged to SG&A amounted to $6,017,000, $5,774,000, and $4,762,000 for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. Legal Costs The Company’s policy is to accrue for legal costs expected to be incurred in connection with loss contingencies. Federal Income Taxes Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between the financial reporting basis and tax basis of assets and liabilities and are measured by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to the future years in which deferred tax assets or liabilities are expected to be settled or realized. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Based upon projections of future taxable income over the periods in which the deferred tax assets are deductible, management believes it is more likely than not that we will realize the benefits of these deductible differences. We do not provide for a U.S. income tax liability on undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries. The earnings of non-U.S. subsidiaries, which reflect full provision for non-U.S. income taxes, are currently indefinitely reinvested in non-U.S. operations. Business Combinations Effective January 1, 2009, we adopted the new provisions of ASC Topic 805, “Business Combinations,” which address the recognition and measurement of (i) identifiable assets acquired or liabilities assumed, and any non-controlling interest in the acquiree, and (ii) goodwill acquired or gain from a bargain purchase. In addition, acquisition-related costs are accounted for as expenses in the period in which the costs are incurred and the services are received. These provisions were applied to the acquisition of certain assets and liabilities of Bush Hog LLC in the fourth quarter of 2009 and Tenco in the fourth quarter of 2011, which is discussed in Note 20. Stock-Based Compensation We are using the modified-prospective transition method; however, for unvested equity awards outstanding we continue to amortize those awards using the minimum value method. Measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to employees and directors is recognized based on estimated fair values. We use the Black-Scholes pricing model to determine the fair value of the stock options on the grant dates for stock awards made and we amortize the fair value of share-based payments on a straight-line basis over the requisite service periods of the award, which is generally the vesting period. The Black-Scholes valuation model requires us to make assumptions and judgments about the variables used in the calculation. These variables and assumptions include the fair value of our common stock, expected term, the expected volatility, the risk-free interest rate, expected dividends, and the estimated rate of forfeitures of unvested stock options. The Company calculated the fair value for options using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions for 2011, 2010, and 2009:
|  | December 31,
|  | 2011 |  |  | 2010 |  |  | 2009 |
Risk-free interest rate |  | 2.64 | % |  | 3.04 | % |  | 2.67 | %
Dividend yield |  | 1.2 | % |  | 1.2 | % |  | 1.2 | %
Volatility factors |  | 46.7 | % |  | 44.3 | % |  | 42.8 | %
Weighted-average expected life |  | 8.0 years |  |  | 8.0 years |  |  | 7.5 years |
Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures In January 2010, the provisions of ASC Topic 820 were modified to require additional disclosures, including transfers in and out of Level 1 and 2 fair value measurements and the gross basis presentation of the reconciliation of Level 3 fair value measurements. This guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2009, except for disclosures related to Level 3 fair value measurements, which are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2010 (including interim periods). Early adoption was permitted. We have adopted all of these provisions of ASC Topic 820 effective December 31, 2009. Since only disclosures are affected by these requirements, the adoption of these provisions did not affect our financial position or results of operations.

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