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Income Taxes | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
INCOME TAXES | INCOME TAXES Income Statement Components Earnings before income taxes were as follows:
|  | December 31,
(in thousands) |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Income before income taxes: |  |  |  |  |  |
Domestic |  | $ | 121,065 |  |  | $ | 86,680 |  |  | $ | 74,070 |
Foreign |  | 54,055 |  |  | 47,630 |  |  | 35,428 |
|  | $ | 175,120 |  |  | $ | 134,310 |  |  | $ | 109,498 |
The components of income tax expense (benefit) were as follows:
|  | December 31,
(in thousands) |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Current: |  |  |  |  |  |
Domestic |  | $ | 24,168 |  |  | $ | 19,197 |  |  | $ | 16,846 |
Foreign |  | 11,356 |  |  | 11,848 |  |  | 8,646 |
State |  | 7,688 |  |  | 3,674 |  |  | 4,943 |
|  | 43,212 |  |  | 34,719 |  |  | 30,435 |
Deferred: |  |  |  |  |  |
Domestic |  | (4,451) |  |  | (2,246) |  |  | (679) |
Foreign |  | 353 |  |  | (51) |  |  | (274) |
State |  | (155) |  |  | (40) |  |  | (229) |
|  | (4,253) |  |  | (2,337) |  |  | (1,182) |
Total income taxes |  | $ | 38,959 |  |  | $ | 32,382 |  |  | $ | 29,253 |
A reconciliation of the income tax at the Company’s U.S. statutory federal income tax rate to the provision for income tax follows. Some prior year components have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.
|  | December 31,
(in thousands) |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Income tax expense at statutory rates |  | $ | 36,775 |  |  | $ | 28,205 |  |  | $ | 22,995 |
Increase (reduction) from: |  |  |  |  |  |
Jurisdictional rate differences |  | 2,766 |  |  | 1,989 |  |  | 1,599 |
Executive compensation limitations |  | 183 |  |  | 481 |  |  | 1,314 |
Valuation allowance |  | (789) |  |  | (316) |  |  | (269) |
Stock based compensation |  | (24) |  |  | 122 |  |  | (322) |
U.S. state taxes |  | 6,076 |  |  | 2,632 |  |  | 3,724 |
Foreign tax (credit) / expense |  | (371) |  |  | 267 |  |  | — |
R&D credit (net) |  | (3,618) |  |  | (1,585) |  |  | (782) |
Other credits |  | (628) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
GILTI |  | 109 |  |  | 500 |  |  | — |
FDII |  | (731) |  |  | (192) |  |  | — |
Previously unrecognized tax (benefit) / expense |  | 170 |  |  | 51 |  |  | 8 |
Other (net) |  | (959) |  |  | 228 |  |  | 986 |
Provision for income taxes |  | $ | 38,959 |  |  | $ | 32,382 |  |  | $ | 29,253 |
Effective tax rate |  | 22.2 | % |  | 24.1 | % |  | 26.7 | %
Deferred Income Tax Assets and Liabilities The components of the Company’s deferred income tax assets and liabilities were as follows:
|  | December 31,
(in thousands) |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Deferred income tax assets: |  |  |  |
Inventory basis difference |  | $ | 3,580 |  |  | $ | 3,459 |
Accounts receivable reserve |  | 798 |  |  | 334 |
Rental equipment and Property, plant and equipment |  | — |  |  | 347 |
Stock based compensation |  | 944 |  |  | 826 |
Pension liability |  | 2,922 |  |  | 2,900 |
Employee benefit accrual |  | 3,150 |  |  | 2,451 |
Product liability and warranty reserves |  | 2,415 |  |  | 2,177 |
Foreign net operating loss |  | 2,736 |  |  | 3,078 |
Lease liability |  | 4,052 |  |  | 4,738 |
Capitalized R&D costs |  | 10,335 |  |  | 4,230 |
Other |  | 447 |  |  | 1,635 |
Total deferred income tax assets |  | $ | 31,379 |  |  | $ | 26,175 |
Less: Valuation allowance |  | (2,512) |  |  | (3,637) |
Net deferred income tax assets |  | $ | 28,867 |  |  | $ | 22,538 |
Deferred income tax liabilities: |  |  |  |
Inventory basis differences |  | $ | (75) |  |  | $ | (264) |
Rental equipment and Property, plant and equipment |  | (17,074) |  |  | (14,373) |
Lease asset |  | (3,941) |  |  | (4,637) |
Intangible assets |  | (20,878) |  |  | (19,301) |
Expenses not currently deductible for book purposes |  | (1,624) |  |  | (1,244) |
Total deferred income tax liabilities |  | $ | (43,592) |  |  | $ | (39,819) |
Net deferred income taxes |  | $ | (14,725) |  |  | $ | (17,281) |
As of December 31, 2023, the Company had foreign deferred tax assets consisting of foreign net operating losses and other tax benefits available to reduce future taxable income in a foreign jurisdiction. These foreign jurisdictions’ net operating loss carry-forwards are approximately $9.2 million, and substantially all of these foreign jurisdiction net operating losses have an unlimited carry-forward period. The Company's valuation allowance as of December 31, 2023 related primarily to foreign net operating losses and as of December 31, 2022 related primarily to foreign net operating losses and foreign tax credits. Unrecognized Tax Benefits A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows. The Company does not expect the unrecognized tax benefits to change significantly over the next 12 months.
Unrecognized Tax Benefits
|  | December 31,
(in thousands) |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Balance as of beginning of year |  | $ | 321 |  |  | $ | 270 |
Increases for tax positions related to the current year |  | 252 |  |  | 156 |
Decreases due to lapse of statute of limitations |  | (83) |  |  | (105) |
Balance as of end of year |  | $ | 490 |  |  | $ | 321 |
The Company has adopted the policy to include interest and penalty expense related to income taxes as interest and other expense, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, no interest or penalties have been accrued. With few exceptions, the Company’s open tax years for its federal and state income tax returns are for the tax years ended 2018 through 2023, and for tax years ended 2017 through 2023 for its foreign income tax returns. The Company currently intends to permanently reinvest its earnings in certain foreign subsidiaries. No U.S. corporate income taxes or foreign withholding taxes should be imposed on future distributions of the earnings not permanently reinvested. If the amounts asserted as permanent reinvestment were distributed, the Company would be subject to approximately $6.4 million in withholding taxes.

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