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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2024
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Basis of Presentation The consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and include the accounts of CoreCivic on a consolidated basis with its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Cash and Cash Equivalents CoreCivic considers all liquid deposits and investments with a maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. Restricted Cash Restricted cash at December 31, 2024 and 2023 included deposit accounts that are restricted in use totaling $14.6 million and $7.1 million, respectively, and related primarily to the Lansing Correctional Facility to ensure the timely payment of certain operating expenses, capital expenditures and debt service, as further discussed in Note 9. The restricted cash accounts are required under the terms of the indebtedness securing such property. Restricted cash also includes inmate trust funds used for commissary transactions pursuant to customer contracts. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, cash and cash equivalents of $107.5 million and $121.8 million, respectively, and restricted cash of $14.6 million and $7.1 million, respectively, on our consolidated balance sheets were combined to total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash amounts of $122.1 million and $128.9 million shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows. Accounts Receivable and Credit Loss Reserve At December 31, 2024 and 2023, accounts receivable of $288.7 million and $312.2 million, respectively, were net of credit loss reserve totaling $4.5 million and $6.8 million, respectively. Accounts receivable consist primarily of amounts due from federal, state, and local government agencies for the utilization of CoreCivic's properties, including amounts due for operating and managing the Company's correctional, detention, and residential reentry facilities, as well as its electronic monitoring and case management services operations. Accounts receivable are stated at estimated net realizable value. CoreCivic recognizes reserves for credit losses to ensure receivables are not overstated due to uncollectibility. Credit loss reserves are maintained for customers using an expected loss model based on a variety of factors, including the nature of the accounts receivable, risks of loss, length of time receivables are past due, and historical experience. If circumstances related to customers change, estimates of the recoverability of receivables would be further adjusted. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are carried at cost. Assets acquired by CoreCivic in conjunction with acquisitions are recorded at estimated fair market value at the time of purchase. Betterments, renewals and significant repairs that extend the life of an asset are capitalized; other repair and maintenance costs are expensed. Interest is capitalized to the asset to which it relates in connection with the construction or expansion of real estate properties. Construction costs directly associated with the development of a property are capitalized as part of the cost of the development project. Such costs are written-off to expense whenever a project is abandoned. The cost and accumulated depreciation applicable to assets retired are removed from the accounts and the gain or loss on disposition is recognized in income. Depreciation is computed over the estimated useful lives of depreciable assets using the straight-line method. Useful lives for property and equipment are as follows:
Land improvements | 5 – 20 years
Buildings and improvements | 5 – 50 years
Equipment and software | 3 – 10 years
Office furniture and fixtures | 5 years
Other Real Estate Assets Other real estate assets are accounted for in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 853, "Service Concession Arrangements". ASC 853 stipulates that the facilities subject to the standard may not be accounted for as a lease, nor should the infrastructure used in the service concession arrangement be recognized as property and equipment by the operating entity. Instead, the contracts should be accounted for under the applicable revenue standards. The Company owns four facilities that are accounted for as service concession arrangements. For facilities which CoreCivic constructed for the public entity, two separate and distinct performance obligations exist. Service revenue is recognized as provided. All revenues and costs related to the construction of the facilities were recognized upon adoption of ASC 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASC 606”), in 2018. Revenue recognized related to the construction of the facilities for which cash has not yet been received is recorded as a contract asset and is amortized and evaluated for impairment on an on-going basis. For facilities contributed to a service contract, the cost of the facility is accounted for as costs to fulfill the service contract and the cost is recognized over the term of the service contract. The costs related to contract assets and costs to fulfill the service contracts are recoverable if the contract is terminated or not renewed due to the existence of residual interest options. These assets represent the cost of all infrastructure to be transferred to the public entity grantors should the grantors exercise their residual interest. The costs related to the facilities constructed for a governmental entity were deferred as an other real estate asset, and the deferred costs were amortized in proportion to revenue recognized over the term of the related services arrangement. The costs related to the facilities that were constructed before entering into the service concession arrangement were amortized in proportion to revenue recognized over the term of the related service contract as an investment in the service contract. Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets Other Than Goodwill Long-lived assets other than goodwill are reviewed for impairment when circumstances indicate the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. The Company estimates undiscounted cash flows for each asset or asset group (i.e., facility) with an impairment indicator. An impairment is recognized when the estimated undiscounted cash flows associated with the asset or group of assets are less than their carrying value. If impairment exists, an adjustment is made to write the asset down to its fair value, and a loss is recorded as the difference between the carrying value and fair value. Fair values are determined based on quoted market values, comparable sales data, discounted cash flows or internal and external appraisals, as applicable. Goodwill Goodwill represents the cost in excess of the fair value of net assets of businesses acquired and goodwill is tested for impairment at least annually. Goodwill was $4.8 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, all of which was related to the Company's CoreCivic Safety segment. CoreCivic performs its impairment tests during the fourth quarter in connection with its annual budgeting process, and whenever circumstances indicate the carrying value of goodwill may not be recoverable. CoreCivic performs a qualitative assessment to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, the Company determines it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then the Company performs a quantitative impairment test. The Company will record an impairment charge based on the excess of a reporting unit’s carrying amount over its fair value. There were no goodwill impairments recorded during the periods presented. Investment in Affiliates Investments in affiliates that are equal to or less than 50%-owned over which CoreCivic can exercise significant influence are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. Investments under the equity method are recorded at cost and subsequently adjusted for contributions, distributions, and net income attributable to the Company's ownership based on the governing agreement. Debt Issuance Costs Debt issuance costs, excluding those costs incurred related to CoreCivic's revolving credit facility, are presented as a direct deduction from the face amount of the related liability on the consolidated balance sheets. Debt issuance costs related to the Company's revolving credit facility are included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. Generally, debt issuance costs are capitalized and amortized into interest expense using the interest method, or on a straight-line basis over the term of the related debt, if not materially different than the interest method. Certain debt issuance costs incurred in connection with debt refinancings are charged to expense in accordance with ASC 470-50, "Modifications and Extinguishments". Revenue Recognition In CoreCivic Safety and CoreCivic Community, revenue is recognized over time when control of the promised service is transferred to CoreCivic's customers, in an amount that reflects consideration CoreCivic expects to be entitled for those services which is typically in the form of a fixed rate. These services are considered to be a single performance obligation and are generally satisfied in one to thirty days depending on the performance obligation. CoreCivic maintains contracts with certain governmental entities to manage their facilities for fixed per diem rates. CoreCivic also maintains contracts with various federal, state, and local governmental entities for the housing of offenders in company-owned facilities at fixed per diem rates or monthly fixed rates. These contracts usually contain expiration dates with renewal options ranging from annual to multi-year renewals. Most of these contracts have current terms that require renewal every two to five years. Additionally, most facility management contracts contain clauses that allow the government agency to terminate a contract without cause and are generally subject to legislative appropriations. CoreCivic generally expects to renew these contracts for periods consistent with the remaining renewal options allowed by the contracts or other reasonable extensions; however, no assurance can be given that such renewals will be obtained. Fixed monthly rate revenue is recorded in the month earned, and fixed per diem revenue, including revenue under those contracts that include guaranteed minimum populations, is recorded based on the per diem rate multiplied by the number of offenders housed or guaranteed during the respective period. Certain of the government agencies also have the authority to audit and investigate CoreCivic's contracts with them. If the agency determines that CoreCivic has improperly allocated costs to a specific contract or otherwise was unable to perform certain contractual services, CoreCivic may not be reimbursed for those costs and could be required to refund the amount of any such costs that have been reimbursed, or to pay liquidated damages. In these instances, the amounts that are required to be returned to the customer are considered to be variable consideration and are classified as reductions to revenue. In CoreCivic Properties, lease revenue is recognized in accordance with ASC 842, "Leases". In accordance with ASC 842, minimum lease revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the related lease. Lease incentives are recognized as a reduction to lease revenue on a straight-line basis over the term of the related lease. Lease revenue associated with expense reimbursements from tenants is recognized in the period that the related expenses are incurred based upon the tenant lease provision. Other revenue consists primarily of revenues associated with the Company's electronic monitoring and case management services, as well as ancillary revenues associated with operating correctional, detention and residential reentry facilities in our CoreCivic Safety and CoreCivic Community segments. Other revenue is also generated from prisoner transportation services for governmental agencies. Revenue is recorded at a point in time when goods are provided or over time when services are provided. Self-Funded Insurance and Litigation Reserves CoreCivic is self-insured for employee health, workers' compensation, automobile liability claims, and general liability claims. As such, CoreCivic's insurance expense is largely dependent on claims experience and CoreCivic's ability to control its claims experience. CoreCivic accrues the estimated liability for employee health insurance based on its history of claims experience and time lag between the incident date and the date the cost is paid by CoreCivic. CoreCivic accrues the estimated liability for workers' compensation claims based on an actuarially determined liability using a combination of actuarial methods used to project ultimate losses, and the Company's automobile insurance claims based on estimated development factors on claims incurred. The liability for employee health, workers' compensation, and automobile insurance includes estimates for both claims incurred and for claims incurred but not reported. CoreCivic records its best estimate of the probable costs for the resolution of certain claims and legal proceedings in which it is involved, if estimable. In addition, the Company is subject to current and potential future claims and legal proceedings for which little or no accrual has been reflected because the Company's current assessment of the potential exposure is nominal, or because the Company cannot reasonably estimate the amount of loss or range of loss, if any, that may result. These estimates have been developed in consultation with CoreCivic's General Counsel's office and, as appropriate, outside counsel handling these matters, and are based upon an analysis of potential results, assuming a combination of litigation and settlement strategies. These estimates could change in the future. Income Taxes Income taxes are accounted for under the provisions of ASC 740, "Income Taxes". ASC 740 generally requires CoreCivic to record deferred income taxes for the tax effect of differences between book and tax bases of its assets and liabilities. Deferred income taxes reflect the available net operating losses and the net tax effect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in the consolidated statement of operations in the period that includes the enactment date. Realization of the future tax benefits related to deferred tax assets is dependent on many factors, including CoreCivic's past earnings history, expected future earnings, the character and jurisdiction of such earnings, unsettled circumstances that, if unfavorably resolved, would adversely affect utilization of its deferred tax assets, carryback and carryforward periods, and tax strategies that could potentially enhance the likelihood of realization of a deferred tax asset. CoreCivic's deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as non-current on the consolidated balance sheets. See Note 11 for further discussion of the significant components of CoreCivic's deferred tax assets and liabilities. Income tax contingencies are accounted for under the provisions of ASC 740. ASC 740 prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The guidance prescribed in ASC 740 establishes a recognition threshold of more likely than not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination. The measurement attribute requires that a tax position be measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Fair Value of Financial Instruments To meet the reporting requirements of ASC 825, "Financial Instruments", regarding fair value of financial instruments, CoreCivic calculates the estimated fair value of financial instruments using market interest rates, quoted market prices of similar instruments, or discounted cash flow techniques with observable Level 1 inputs for publicly traded debt and Level 2 inputs for all other financial instruments, as defined in ASC 820, "Fair Value Measurement". At December 31, 2024 and 2023, there were no material differences between the carrying amounts and the estimated fair values of CoreCivic's financial instruments, other than as follows (in thousands):
|  | December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
|  | Carrying Amount |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Carrying Amount |  |  | Fair Value |
Debt |  | $ | (997,380 | ) |  | $ | (1,005,425 | ) |  | $ | (1,106,691 | ) |  | $ | (1,090,326 | )
Use of Estimates in Preparation of Financial Statements The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates and those differences could be material. Concentration of Credit Risks CoreCivic's credit risks relate primarily to cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, and accounts receivable. Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash are primarily held in bank accounts and overnight investments. CoreCivic maintains deposits of cash in excess of federally insured limits with certain financial institutions. CoreCivic's accounts receivable represents amounts due primarily from governmental agencies. CoreCivic's financial instruments are subject to the possibility of loss in carrying value as a result of either the failure of other parties to perform according to their contractual obligations or changes in market prices that make the instruments less valuable. CoreCivic derives its revenues primarily from amounts earned under federal, state, and local government contracts. For each of the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, federal correctional and detention authorities represented 51%, 52%, and 54%, respectively, of CoreCivic's total revenue. Federal correctional and detention authorities consist primarily of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement ("ICE") and the United States Marshals Service ("USMS"). ICE accounted for 29%, 30%, and 29% of total revenue for 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. The USMS accounted for 21%, 21%, and 22% of total revenue for 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. State revenues from contracts at correctional, detention, and residential reentry facilities that CoreCivic operates represented 40%, 39%, and 36% of total revenue during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. The state of Tennessee generated 10% of CoreCivic's total revenue in 2024, 2023 and 2022, all in the Company's CoreCivic Safety segment, with no other state customer generating 10% or more of our total revenue in 2024, 2023, or 2022. Although the revenue generated from each of these agencies is derived from numerous management contracts and various types of properties (i.e., correctional, detention, and reentry) the loss or substantial reduction in value of one or more of such contracts could have a material impact on CoreCivic's financial condition and results of operations. Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation CoreCivic accounts for restricted stock-based compensation under the recognition and measurement principles of ASC 718, "Compensation-Stock Compensation". CoreCivic amortizes the fair market value as of the grant date of restricted stock unit ("RSU") awards over the vesting period using the straight-line method. The fair market value of performance-based restricted stock units is amortized over the vesting period as long as CoreCivic considers it probable that it will meet the performance criteria. To the extent performance-based RSUs are expected to increase or decrease based on revised estimates of performance, the related expense is adjusted accordingly. If achievement of the performance criteria becomes improbable, an adjustment is made to reverse the expense previously recognized. The Company estimates the number of awards expected to be forfeited and adjusts the estimate when it is likely to change. Leases Leases are accounted for under the provisions of Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)" and ASU 2018-11, "Targeted Improvements – Leases (Topic 842)", cumulatively "ASC 842". For finance leases and operating leases, CoreCivic recognizes on the balance sheet a liability to make lease payments and a right-of-use ("ROU") asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term, with each initially measured at the present value of the lease payments. The Company also applies the "short-term lease exception" permitted by ASC 842 for all classes of underlying assets. With the exception of the South Texas Family Residential Center lease, as further described in Note 4, the Company accounts for each separate lease component of a contract and its associated non-lease components as a single lease component. All rental payments associated with the South Texas Family Residential Center lease were classified as operating expenses. For those operating leases that contain renewal options, the Company includes the renewal period in the lease terms, and the related payments are reflected in the ROU asset and lease liability, when it is reasonably certain that a renewal option will be exercised. The ROU asset is included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets, while the current portion of the lease liability is included in accounts payable and accrued expenses, and the long-term portion of the liability is included in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. Because CoreCivic does not generally have access to the interest rates implicit in its leases, the Company utilizes its incremental borrowing rate, based upon the terms and tenure of each base lease, as the discount rate when calculating the present value of future minimum lease payments for each lease arrangement. For leases where the Company is the lessor, the Company applies the practical expedient provided by ASC 842 to not separate non-lease components from the associated lease component if certain criteria are met for each class of underlying assets. Lease components are elements of an arrangement that provide the customer with the right to use an identified asset. Non-lease components are distinct elements of a contract that are not related to securing the use of the leased asset and revenue is recognized in accordance with ASC 606. The Company considers common area maintenance ("CAM") and service income associated with tenant work orders to be non-lease components because they represent delivery of a separate service but are not considered a cost of securing the identified asset. In the case of the Company's business, the identified asset would be the leased real estate. The Company has concluded that the timing and pattern of transfer for non-lease components and the associated lease component are the same. The Company has also determined that the predominant component is the lease component and as such its leases qualify as operating leases. The Company accounts for and presents the lease component and the non-lease component as a single component in revenue. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU No 2023-07, "Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (Topic 280)" ("ASU 2023-07"). ASU 2023-07 updates reportable segment disclosure requirements by including disclosures of significant reportable segment expenses that are regularly provided to the Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM") and included within each reported measure of a segment's profit or loss. ASU 2023-07 also requires disclosure of the title and position of the individual identified as the CODM and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measures of a segment's profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources. CoreCivic adopted ASU 2023-07 for the year ended December 31, 2024, and has applied the new standard retrospectively for all periods presented. See Note 15, Segment Reporting. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, "Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (Topic 740)" ("ASU 2023-09"). ASU 2023-09 requires disaggregated information about a reporting entity's effective tax rate reconciliation as well as additional information on income taxes paid. ASU 2023-09 is effective on a prospective basis for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is also permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. ASU 2023-09 will result in the required additional disclosures being included in the Company's consolidated financial statements, once adopted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2023-09 and expects to adopt it for the year ending December 31, 2025, including any additional required disclosures. In March 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") adopted final rules designed to enhance public company disclosures related to the risks and impacts of climate-related matters (the "Climate Disclosure Rules"). The Climate Disclosure Rules include disclosures relating to climate-related risks and risk management as well as the board and management's governance of such risks. In addition, the Climate Disclosure Rules include requirements to disclose, in the audited consolidated financial statements, the financial effects of severe weather events and other natural conditions meeting certain thresholds, as well as carbon offsets and renewable energy credits. Larger registrants, including CoreCivic, will also be required to disclose information about greenhouse gas emissions, which will be subject to a phased-in assurance requirement. On April 4, 2024, the SEC issued an order staying the Climate Disclosure Rules as it faces certain legal challenges regarding implementation of such rules. The disclosure requirements will be effective for our annual reporting periods beginning with the fiscal year ending December 31, 2025, subject to any delay which may result from the current stay issued by the SEC. The Company is currently assessing the impact of these rules, if implemented, on the Company's consolidated financial statements. Other recent accounting pronouncements issued by the FASB (including its Emerging Issues Task Force), the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and the SEC applicable to financial statements beginning January 1, 2024 or later did not, or are not expected to, have a material effect on the Company's results of operations or financial position.

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