DEF 14A 1 a2018proxystatement.htm DEF 14A
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
SCHEDULE 14A INFORMATION
Proxy Statement Pursuant to Section 14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
(Amendment No. )
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Steelcase Inc.
(Name of Registrant as Specified In Its Charter)
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NOTICE OF ANNUAL MEETING
The Board of Directors of Steelcase Inc. (the “Company”) cordially invites all shareholders to attend the Company’s 2018 Annual Meeting of Shareholders as follows:

Date and Time: | July 11, 2018 at 11:00 a.m. EDT
Location: | via live webcast at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/scs2018

The Annual Meeting is being held to allow you to vote on the following proposals and any other matter properly brought before the shareholders:

1. | Election of twelve nominees to the Board of Directors

2. | Advisory vote to approve named executive officer compensation

3. | Ratification of our independent registered public accounting firm

If you were a shareholder of record as of the close of business on May 14, 2018, you are eligible to vote. You may either vote online during the meeting or by proxy, which allows your shares to be voted at the meeting even if you are not able to participate. If you choose to vote by proxy:

• | Please carefully review the enclosed proxy statement and proxy card.

• | Select your preferred method of voting: by telephone, Internet or signing and mailing the proxy card.

• | You can withdraw your proxy and vote your shares at the meeting if you decide to do so.

Every vote is important, and we urge you to vote your shares as soon as possible.
By Order of the Board of Directors,
Lizbeth S. O’Shaughnessy
Senior Vice President, Chief Administrative Officer,
General Counsel and Secretary
May 30, 2018

P.O. Box 1967 | Steelcase.com
Grand Rapids, MI 49501-1967 |
| United States |

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PROXY STATEMENT
TABLE OF CONTENTS

| Page No.
Questions and Answers | 1
Proposal 1 - Election of Directors | 4
Director Independence | 7
Related Person Transactions | 7
Board Meetings | 10
Committees of the Board of Directors | 10
Other Corporate Governance Matters | 14
Director Compensation | 17
Stock Ownership of Management and Certain Beneficial Owners | 21
Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance | 24
Proposal 2 - Advisory Vote to Approve Named Executive Officer Compensation | 25
Compensation Committee Report | 26
Compensation Discussion and Analysis | 26
Executive Compensation, Retirement Programs and Other Arrangements | 39
Proposal 3 - Ratification of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | 50
Fees Paid to Principal Independent Auditor | 50
Audit Committee Report | 51

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QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
How can I attend the Meeting?
Our 2018 Annual Meeting of Shareholders (the “Meeting”) will be a virtual meeting, conducted via live webcast only, to allow all of our shareholders the opportunity to participate in the Meeting no matter where they are located. No physical meeting will be held. Shareholders of record of Class A Common Stock or Class B Common Stock at the close of business on May 14, 2018 (the “Record Date”) will be able to attend the Meeting, vote and submit questions during the Meeting by logging on to www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/scs2018 at the Meeting date and time using their 16-digit Control Number provided with the notice of the Meeting. These proxy materials were first sent or made available to shareholders on or about May 30, 2018.
Can I listen to the Meeting if I cannot attend it live?
If you are not able to attend the Meeting while it is being conducted, an audio replay of the Meeting will be available on our website shortly after the conclusion of the Meeting and for at least 90 days thereafter. You will be able to find the replay under “Events + Presentations” in the Investor Relations section of our website, located at ir.steelcase.com.
On what am I voting?
You are being asked to vote on the following matters and any other business properly coming before the Meeting:
Proposal 1: Election of twelve nominees to the Board of Directors
Proposal 2: Advisory vote to approve named executive officer compensation
Proposal 3: Ratification of our independent registered public accounting firm
The Board of Directors recommends that you vote FOR each of the nominees listed in Proposal 1 and FOR Proposals 2 and 3. As of May 30, 2018, we do not know of any other matter to be considered at the Meeting.
Who is entitled to vote, and how many votes does each shareholder have?
Shareholders of record of Class A Common Stock or Class B Common Stock at the close of business on the Record Date may vote at the Meeting. At the close of business on the Record Date, there were 86,258,362 shares of Class A Common Stock and 30,421,673 shares of Class B Common Stock outstanding. Each shareholder has one vote per share of Class A Common Stock and ten votes per share of Class B Common Stock owned.
How can I vote?
If you are a registered shareholder (that is, you hold your Steelcase stock directly in your name), you may vote by telephone, Internet or mail or by attending the Meeting via the Internet and voting online during the Meeting.
To vote by telephone: Please follow the instructions on the proxy card. The deadline for voting by telephone is 11:59 p.m. Eastern Daylight Time on July 10, 2018.
To vote by mail: Please complete, sign and date the accompanying proxy card and return it in the enclosed postage-paid envelope. If you have not received a proxy card, you will need to request one be sent to you by following the instructions included in the Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy
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Materials. Only proxy cards received and processed before 11:00 a.m. Eastern Daylight Time on July 11, 2018 will be voted.
To vote by Internet:

• | Before the Meeting: Please follow the instructions on the proxy card. The deadline for voting by Internet before the Meeting is 11:59 p.m. Eastern Daylight Time on July 10, 2018.

• | During the Meeting: Please log on to www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/scs2018 at 11:00 a.m. Eastern Daylight Time on July 11, 2018, using your 16-digit Control Number provided with the Meeting notice, and follow the instructions for voting shares.

Whether you vote by telephone, Internet or mail, or by attending the Meeting via the Internet, you may specify how your shares should be voted with respect to each of the proposals. If you use the proxy card provided by us and you do not specify a choice, your shares will be voted FOR the election of each of the nominees listed in Proposal 1 and FOR each of Proposals 2 and 3. For any other matter that properly comes before the Meeting, your shares will be voted in the discretion of the proxy holders.
If you hold your stock in “street name” (that is, your shares are registered in the name of a bank, broker or other nominee, which we will collectively refer to as your “broker”), you must vote your shares in the manner required by your broker. If you do not provide voting instructions to your broker, the rules of the New York Stock Exchange, or NYSE, provide that your broker (i) may not vote your shares on Proposals 1 or 2 but (ii) may vote your shares on Proposal 3.
What should I do if I received more than one proxy card?
If you received more than one proxy card, it is likely that your shares are registered differently or are in more than one account. You should complete, sign and return all proxy cards, or make sure that you complete the voting instructions for each card if voting by telephone or Internet, to ensure all of your shares are voted.
May I revoke my proxy?
If you appoint a proxy, you may revoke it at any time before it is exercised by notifying our corporate secretary in writing, by delivering a later-dated proxy to our corporate secretary or by attending the Meeting online and voting during the Meeting.
What is the quorum requirement for the Meeting?
Michigan law and our By-laws require a quorum for the Meeting, which for our company means that holders of a majority of the voting power entitled to vote must be present or represented by proxy in order to transact business at the Meeting. Abstentions will be counted in determining whether a quorum has been reached.
How many votes are needed to approve the proposals?
Assuming a quorum has been reached, the following votes are needed to approve each of the proposals:

• | For Proposal 1, in order to be elected, a nominee must receive the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast at the Meeting with respect to such nominee. If any incumbent director receives more “against” than “for” votes, our By-laws require the director to tender his or her resignation and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee must make a recommendation to the Board of Directors to consider whether or not to accept such resignation.

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• | Proposals 2 and 3 are advisory votes which are not binding on our company or our Board of Directors. In order to be approved, Proposals 2 and 3 must receive the affirmative vote of the majority of the votes cast at the Meeting for that proposal.

How will broker non-votes and abstentions be treated?
Under NYSE rules, brokers who hold shares on behalf of their customers (i.e., shares held in street name) can vote on certain items when they do not receive instructions from their customers. However, brokers are not authorized to vote on non-routine matters if they do not receive instructions from their customers. Proposals 1 and 2 are non-routine matters under NYSE rules; therefore, if you do not give your broker voting instructions on those proposals, your shares will not be treated as votes cast in determining the outcome of those matters. Proposal 3 is considered a routine matter under NYSE, and therefore, your broker may vote your shares on that proposal if it does not receive instructions from you.
If you abstain from voting on a matter, your shares will not be counted as voting for or against that matter, and therefore abstentions will have no effect on the adoption of the proposal.
Why didn’t I receive printed copies of this proxy statement and the annual report?
We make our proxy materials available to our shareholders electronically via the Internet and send you a Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials which lists the address of a website where you can view, print or request printed copies of our proxy materials and submit your voting instructions. The notice also provides an email address and toll-free telephone number that you can use to request printed copies of our proxy materials. Unless you request otherwise, you will not receive a printed copy of our proxy materials. To receive printed copies of these materials each year, you can make a permanent request.
What if I have the same address as another shareholder?
We send a single copy of our Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials to any household at which two or more shareholders reside if they appear to be members of the same family. This practice is known as “householding” and helps reduce our printing and mailing costs. Any shareholder residing at the same address as another shareholder who wishes to receive a single document or separate documents should call 1-866-540-7095 or write to Broadridge Financial Solutions, Householding Department, 51 Mercedes Way, Edgewood, New York 11717, and we will deliver the requested documents promptly.
Who will pay for this proxy solicitation?
We will bear the cost of soliciting proxies, which may be done by e-mail, mail, telephone or in person by our directors, officers and employees, who will not be additionally compensated for those activities. We may also reimburse banks, brokers, nominees and other fiduciaries for reasonable expenses they incur in forwarding these proxy materials at our request to the beneficial owners of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock. Proxies will be solicited on behalf of our Board of Directors.
When and how are shareholder proposals for next year’s Annual Meeting to be submitted?
We must receive any shareholder proposals to be included in our proxy statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Shareholders by January 30, 2019. Other shareholder proposals to be presented during the 2019 Annual Meeting must be received no earlier than April 12, 2019 and no later than May 2, 2019. All shareholder proposals must be sent in the manner and meet the requirements specified in our By-laws.
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PROPOSAL 1 - ELECTION OF DIRECTORS
Our Board of Directors has twelve members, and all of our directors are elected annually. There are twelve nominees for election this year, each of whom is currently a member of the Board. The Board of Directors recommends that you vote FOR each of the nominees.

|  | Lawrence J. Blanford Director since 2012 Mr. Blanford was President and Chief Executive Officer of Green Mountain Coffee Roasters, Inc., a specialty coffee and coffeemaker company, from 2007 to 2012, and also served as a director of Green Mountain from 2007 to 2013. Age 64. Mr. Blanford’s experience as the chief executive officer, or CEO, of a consumer products organization and leading a public company in a challenging environment and his qualification as an audit committee financial expert led the Board of Directors to recommend that he should serve as a director.
|  | Timothy C. E. Brown Director since 2016 Mr. Brown has been Chief Executive Officer and President of IDEO LP, a global innovation and design firm, since 2000. Age 55. Mr. Brown’s global experience, background with innovation and technology and current role as CEO of a global company led the Board of Directors to recommend that he should serve as a director.
|  | Connie K. Duckworth Director since 2010 Ms. Duckworth has been Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of ARZU, Inc., a non-profit organization that empowers Afghan women weavers by sourcing and selling the rugs they weave, since 2003. She is a trustee of Equity Residential and was a trustee of The Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company from 2004 to 2017. Age 63. Ms. Duckworth’s experience as a former partner and managing director of Goldman Sachs, serving on other public company boards of directors and as a non-profit entrepreneur led the Board of Directors to recommend that she should serve as a director.
|  | David W. Joos Director since 2001 Mr. Joos was Chairman of the Board of CMS Energy Corporation, an energy company, and its primary electric utility, Consumers Energy Company, from 2010 to 2016, and he served as President and Chief Executive Officer of CMS and Chief Executive Officer of Consumers from 2004 to 2010. He was a director of AECOM Technology Corporation from 2012 to 2018. Age 65. Mr. Joos’ experience as a former CEO of a publicly traded company, his leadership and analytical skills and his qualification as an audit committee financial expert led the Board of Directors to recommend that he should serve as a director.

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|  | James P. Keane Director since 2013 Mr. Keane has been President and Chief Executive Officer of Steelcase Inc. since 2014. He served as our President and Chief Operating Officer from 2013 to 2014. Mr. Keane joined Steelcase in 1997. Mr. Keane is a director of Rockwell Automation, Inc. Age 58. Mr. Keane’s role as our President and Chief Executive Officer and his experience in various leadership roles at our company led the Board of Directors to recommend that he should serve as a director.
|  | Todd P. Kelsey Director since 2017 Mr. Kelsey has been President and Chief Executive Officer and a director of Plexus Corp., an electronics design, manufacturing and aftermarket services company, since 2016. He joined Plexus Corp. in 1994 and served as Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of Plexus Corp. from 2013 to 2016 and as Executive Vice President, Global Customer Services from 2007 to 2013. Age 53. Mr. Kelsey’s global experience, technology background and current role as CEO of a global company led the Board of Directors to recommend that he should serve as a director.
|  | Jennifer C. Niemann Director since 2017 Ms. Niemann has been the President and Chief Executive Officer of Forward Space, LLC, an independent Steelcase dealership, since 2014. From 1992 to 2014, she held various positions at Steelcase, including CEO of Red Thread, a Steelcase-owned dealership, from 2011 to 2014. Age 49. Ms. Niemann’s experience with our company, having served as an employee for more than 20 years and as current owner of a Steelcase dealership, and her understanding of the long-term interests of our company and its shareholders as a member of one of the founding families of our company led the Board of Directors to recommend that she should serve as a director.
|  | Robert C. Pew III Director since 1987 Mr. Pew III has been a private investor since 2004. From 1974 to 1984 and from 1988 to 1995, he held various positions at Steelcase, including President, Steelcase North America and Executive Vice President, Operations. From 1984 to 1988, Mr. Pew III was a majority owner of an independent Steelcase dealership. Age 67. Mr. Pew’s experience with our company, having served as a director for more than 30 years, as an employee for more than 15 years and as an owner of a Steelcase dealership for four years, and his understanding of the long-term interests of our company and its shareholders as a member of one of the founding families of our company led the Board of Directors to recommend that he should serve as a director.

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|  | Cathy D. Ross Director since 2006 Ms. Ross was Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Federal Express Corporation, an express transportation company and subsidiary of FedEx Corporation, from 2010 to 2014. She is a director of Ball Corporation and was a director of Avon Products, Inc. from 2016 to 2018. Age 60. Ms. Ross’ experience in senior management of a global public company and her qualification as an audit committee financial expert led the Board of Directors to recommend that she should serve as a director.
|  | Peter M. Wege II Director since 1979 Mr. Wege II has been Chairman of the Board of Directors of Contract Pharmaceuticals Limited, a manufacturer and distributor of prescription and over-the-counter pharmaceuticals, since 2000. From 1981 to 1989, he held various positions at Steelcase, including President of Steelcase Canada Ltd. Age 69. Mr. Wege’s experience with our company, having served as a director for more than 35 years and as an employee for 8 years, and his understanding of the long-term interests of our company and its shareholders as a member of one of the founding families of our company led the Board of Directors to recommend that he should serve as a director.
|  | P. Craig Welch, Jr. Director since 1979 Mr. Welch, Jr. has been Manager and a member of Honzo Fund LLC, an investment/venture capital firm, since 1999. From 1967 to 1987, he held various positions at Steelcase, including Director of Information Services and Director of Production Inventory Control. Age 73. Mr. Welch’s experience with our company, having served as a director for more than 35 years and as an employee for 20 years, and his understanding of the long-term interests of our company and its shareholders as a member of one of the founding families of our company led the Board of Directors to recommend that he should serve as a director.
|  | Kate Pew Wolters Director since 2001 Ms. Wolters has been engaged in philanthropic activities since 1996. She is President of the Kate and Richard Wolters Foundation and a community volunteer and advisor. She serves as Chair of the Board of Trustees of the Steelcase Foundation. Age 60. Ms. Wolters’ experience in philanthropic activities and community involvement and her understanding of the long-term interests of our company and its shareholders as a member of one of the founding families of our company led the Board of Directors to recommend that she should serve as a director.

Related Directors
Robert C. Pew III and Kate Pew Wolters are brother and sister and cousins of P. Craig Welch, Jr.
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DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
Our Board of Directors has determined that Lawrence J. Blanford, Timothy C.E. Brown, Connie K. Duckworth, David W. Joos, Todd P. Kelsey, Robert C. Pew III, Cathy D. Ross, Peter M. Wege II, P. Craig Welch, Jr. and Kate Pew Wolters are independent. James P. Keane is not considered independent because he currently serves as our President and CEO. Jennifer C. Niemann is not considered independent because she is the majority owner of an independent Steelcase dealership, as described in Related Person Transactions.
The independence of our directors is assessed using the listing standards of the NYSE, and our Board adopted categorical standards to guide the determination of each director’s independence. A copy of these categorical standards for director independence is also available in the Investor Relations section of our website, located at ir.steelcase.com, and found under “Corporate Governance.”
On an annual basis, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee assesses the independence of our directors by reviewing and considering all relevant facts and circumstances and presents its findings and recommendations to our Board of Directors. For fiscal year 2018, the Committee considered that:

• | Directors Brown, Duckworth and Kelsey are executive officers of companies which purchased products and/or services from us or our dealers and/or from which we purchased services; and

• | immediate family members of Directors Blanford, Brown, Duckworth, Joos, Kelsey, Ross, Wege and Welch are employees, directors and/or owners of, companies which purchased products and/or services from us or our dealers and/or from which we purchased services.

In each case, these transactions were conducted in the ordinary course of business on an arms’ length basis and involved less than the greater of $1 million or 1% of the other company’s annual gross revenues. The Committee determined that each such relationship fell within the categorical standards adopted by the Board and, as a result, the relationships were not considered material.
The Steelcase Foundation
The Steelcase Foundation is a charitable organization operating under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code which was established in 1951 by our company to give back to the communities that have been instrumental to our operations and growth by making grants to non-profit organizations, projects and programs in those communities. From time to time, we donate a portion of our earnings to the Foundation, as determined by our Board of Directors. The following directors also serve as Foundation trustees: James P. Keane, Robert C. Pew III and Kate Pew Wolters, who serves as Chair of the Board of Trustees. The other trustees of the Foundation are Brian Cloyd, Mary Anne Hunting, Craig M. Niemann (husband of Director Jennifer C. Niemann), Cary Pew (son of Board Chair Robert C. Pew III) and Elizabeth Welch.
RELATED PERSON TRANSACTIONS
Related Person Transactions Policy
We have a written Related Person Transactions Policy under which the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is responsible for reviewing and approving transactions with us in which certain “related persons,” as defined in the policy, have a direct or indirect material interest. Related persons include our directors and executive officers, members of their immediate family and persons who beneficially own more than 5% of any class of our voting securities. A copy of our Related Person Transactions Policy is posted in the Investor Relations section of our website, located at ir.steelcase.com, and found under “Corporate Governance.”
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Under the policy, our General Counsel determines whether any identified potential related person transaction requires review and approval by the Committee, in which case the transaction is presented at the next Committee meeting for approval, ratification or other action. In those instances where it is not practicable or desirable to wait until the next meeting, the Committee has delegated authority to the Committee Chair to consider the transaction in accordance with the policy. If management becomes aware of an existing related person transaction which has not been approved by the Committee, the transaction is presented for appropriate action at the next Committee meeting.
The Committee is authorized to approve related person transactions which are in, or are not inconsistent with, the best interests of our company and our shareholders. Certain categories of transactions have been identified as permissible without approval by the Committee, as the transactions involve no meaningful potential to cause disadvantage to us or to give advantage to the related person. These categories of permissible transactions include, for example, the sale or purchase of products or services at prevailing prices in the ordinary course of business if (1) the amount involved did not exceed 5% of our gross revenues or the gross revenues of the related person, (2) our sale or purchase decision was not influenced by the related person while acting in any capacity for us and (3) the transaction did not result in a commission, enhancement or bonus or other direct benefit to an individual related person.
In considering any transaction, the Committee considers all relevant factors, including, as applicable:

• | the benefits to us;

• | the impact on a director’s independence;

• | the availability of other sources for comparable products or services;

• | the terms of the transaction; and

• | the terms available to unrelated third parties, or to employees generally, for comparable transactions.

Related Person Transactions
Purchases from Fifth Third Bancorp
During fiscal year 2018, we paid approximately $112,000 in fees to Fifth Third Bancorp and its subsidiaries, or Fifth Third, for cash management services, letter of credit fees, credit facilities, investment fees and retirement plan services. Fifth Third is a record holder of more than 5% of our Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock. The amounts paid to Fifth Third represent less than 5% of its annual revenues and our annual revenues, and the purchases were made in the ordinary course of business on an arm’s-length basis. We continue to purchase such services from Fifth Third in fiscal year 2019.
Related person employees
We employ Barry Brennand as a Sales Consultant - Educational Solutions, which is not an executive officer position. Mr. Brennand is the husband of Gale Moutrey, who was an executive officer during fiscal year 2018. For fiscal year 2018, Mr. Brennand earned $153,333 in total compensation, which included his base salary, an annual cash award under our Employee Bonus Plan, amounts earned under our Sales Incentive Plan, company retirement plan contributions, the incremental cost of a company car, and tax return preparation costs and tax equalization payments relating to work performed in the U.S. He also participated in other benefit programs on the same terms as other Canadian employees of Steelcase in comparable positions. We continue to employ Mr. Brennand in fiscal year 2019.
We employ Mary-Louise Hooker as a Senior Consultant, Channel Development, which is not an executive officer position. Ms. Hooker is the sister of Lizbeth S. O’Shaughnessy, our Senior Vice President, Chief Administrative Officer, General Counsel and Secretary. For fiscal year 2018, Ms. Hooker
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earned $143,434 in total compensation, which included her base salary, an annual cash award under our Employee Bonus Plan, company retirement plan contributions and life insurance premiums paid by us. She also participated in other benefit programs on the same terms as other U.S. employees of Steelcase in comparable positions. We continue to employ Ms. Hooker in fiscal year 2019.
Sales to Contract Pharmaceuticals Limited
During fiscal year 2018, we or our dealers sold approximately $323,000 in products and related services to Contract Pharmaceuticals Limited and its affiliates. Rachel Wege Lack, Jessica Wege McLear, Caitlyn M. Wege and Jennifer E. Wege, daughters of Director Peter M. Wege II, are each greater than 10% owners of Contract Pharmaceuticals. The amounts received from Contract Pharmaceuticals and its affiliates represent less than 1% of its annual revenues and our annual revenues, and the sales were made in the ordinary course of business on an arm’s-length basis.
Sales to and purchases from Forward Space, LLC
Forward Space, LLC is an independent Steelcase dealer, and Director Jennifer C. Niemann is the majority owner, President and CEO of Forward Space. Our transactions with Forward Space during fiscal year 2018 consisted of (1) the sale by us of approximately $47.4 million in products and services to Forward Space, (2) the purchase by us of approximately $27,000 in furniture and delivery, installation, repair and storage services from Forward Space and (3) the payment by us of approximately $481,000 in dealer incentives and rebates to Forward Space. We also leased space from Forward Space on a short-term basis for our use during renovation of one of our showrooms. Our transactions with Forward Space were made in the ordinary course of business on terms substantially similar to those offered to other independent dealers in the U.S. This dealer relationship is continuing in fiscal year 2019.
Sales to shareholders
The following companies are or were during fiscal year 2018 beneficial owners of more than 5% of our Class A Common Stock or Class B Common Stock, and they or their respective affiliates purchased products and related services from us or our dealers, in the following amounts, during fiscal year 2018:

• | The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation - approximately $4.2 million;

• | BlackRock, Inc. - approximately $308,000;

• | Fifth Third - approximately $5.2 million; and

• | The Vanguard Group, Inc. - approximately $130,000

In each case, the purchases represent less than 5% of our annual revenues and the shareholders’ annual revenues, and the purchases were made in the ordinary course of business at prevailing prices not more favorable to the shareholders than those available to other customers for similar purchases.
Other transactions
In addition to the transactions detailed above, during fiscal year 2018 we entered into commercial transactions, either directly or indirectly through our dealers, with companies of which our directors, executive officers or their respective family members serve as directors, executive officers or employees. All of such transactions were entered into in the ordinary course of business on an arm’s‑length basis and represented an immaterial percentage of both our and the other party’s revenues, and the applicable related person did not receive any direct personal benefit from the transaction. Accordingly, we do not believe that any of the applicable related persons had a material interest in any of these transactions.
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Review and Approval of Transactions
The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee reviewed each of the transactions detailed above, and following such review, the Committee approved the transactions with Forward Space, LLC and the employment of Mr. Brennand and Ms. Hooker and the payment of related compensation to each of them. Pursuant to our Related Person Transactions Policy, approval of the transactions with Fifth Third, The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation, BlackRock, Inc. and The Vanguard Group, Inc. was not required because such parties are institutional shareholders holding our stock with no apparent purpose or effect of changing or influencing control of our company, and approval of the transactions with Contract Pharmaceuticals Limited was not required because they involved the sale of products and services at prevailing prices in the ordinary course of business which did not exceed 5% of either party’s revenues.
BOARD MEETINGS
Our Board of Directors met nine times during fiscal year 2018. Each of our directors attended at least 75% of the total number of meetings of the Board and the committees on which they served during the year. Our Board’s policy is that each director is expected to attend our annual meeting of shareholders, and each of our directors attended our 2017 Annual Meeting.
COMMITTEES OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Five standing committees assist our Board of Directors in fulfilling its responsibilities: Audit, Compensation, Corporate Business Development, Executive and Nominating and Corporate Governance. During fiscal year 2018, the Audit Committee met ten times, the Compensation Committee met nine times, the Corporate Business Development Committee met three times, the Executive Committee did not meet, and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee met twice.
The following table indicates the current membership of each of the Board of Directors’ committees. All of the members of the Audit, Compensation and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committees are independent.

Director | Audit Committee | Compensation Committee | Corporate Business Development Committee | Executive Committee | Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee
Lawrence J. Blanford | Chair |  |  | X |
Timothy C.E. Brown |  | X | Chair | X |
Connie K. Duckworth |  |  | X | X | Chair
David W. Joos | X | X |  |  |
James P. Keane |  |  |  | X |
Todd P. Kelsey | X |  | X |  |
Jennifer C. Niemann |  |  | X |  |
Robert C. Pew III |  |  |  | Chair |
Cathy D. Ross | X | Chair |  | X |
Peter M. Wege II |  |  | X |  | X
P. Craig Welch, Jr. |  | X |  |  | X
Kate Pew Wolters |  | X |  |  | X

The Audit, Compensation and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committees operate under written charters adopted by the Board of Directors that are reviewed and assessed at least annually. Their current charters are available in the Investor Relations section of our website, located at ir.steelcase.com, and found under “Corporate Governance.”
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Audit Committee
The Audit Committee was established in accordance with Section 3(a)(58)(A) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).
The principal responsibilities of the Audit Committee are:

• | appointing the independent auditor and reviewing and approving its services and fees in advance;

• | reviewing the performance of our independent auditor and, if circumstances warrant, making decisions regarding its replacement or termination;

• | evaluating the independence of the independent auditor;

• | reviewing and concurring with the appointment, replacement, reassignment or dismissal of the head of our internal audit group, reviewing his or her annual performance evaluation and reviewing the group’s budget and staffing;

• | reviewing the scope of the internal and independent annual audit plans and monitoring progress and results;

• | reviewing our critical accounting policies and practices;

• | reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of our accounting and internal control policies and procedures;

• | reviewing our financial reporting, including our annual and interim financial statements, as well as the type and presentation of information included in our earnings press releases;

• | reviewing the process by which we monitor, assess and manage our exposure to risk; and

• | reviewing compliance with our Global Business Standards, as well as legal and regulatory compliance.

The Board of Directors has designated each of Lawrence J. Blanford, David W. Joos and Cathy D. Ross as an “audit committee financial expert,” as defined by the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, based on their respective financial and accounting education and experience. Mr. Blanford, Mr. Joos, Ms. Ross and the other members of the Audit Committee are independent, as independence of audit committee members is defined by the listing standards of the NYSE.
Compensation Committee
The principal responsibilities of the Compensation Committee are:

• | establishing our compensation philosophy;

• | reviewing and approving the compensation of our executive officers, and submitting the compensation of our CEO to the Board of Directors for ratification;

• | reviewing executive and non-executive compensation programs and benefit plans to assess their competitiveness, reasonableness and alignment with our compensation philosophy;

• | making awards, approving performance targets, certifying performance compared to targets and taking other actions under our incentive compensation plan; and

• | reviewing the Compensation Discussion and Analysis and other executive compensation disclosures contained in our annual proxy statements.

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Delegation of Authority
Pursuant to its charter, the Compensation Committee may delegate its authority to subcommittees, provided that any such subcommittee must consist of at least two members, and may delegate appropriate responsibilities associated with our benefit and compensation plans to members of management.
The Compensation Committee has delegated to our CEO the authority to grant stock options, restricted stock and restricted units to employees. Under this delegated authority, our CEO cannot grant options to acquire more than 5,000 shares, more than 2,000 shares of restricted stock or more than 2,000 restricted units in any year to any one individual, and he cannot grant, in the aggregate, options to acquire more than 100,000 shares, more than 40,000 shares of restricted stock or more than 40,000 restricted units in any year. Our CEO cannot grant any stock options, restricted stock or restricted units to any executive officer.
Our CEO has the authority to designate those employees who will participate in our Management Incentive Plan; however, the Committee is required to approve participation in such plan by any executive officer or anyone else who directly reports to our CEO.
The Committee has delegated certain responsibilities with regard to our Retirement Plan to an investment committee and an administrative committee, each consisting of members of management. The Committee also has delegated to our executive officers all responsibilities associated with our broad-based health and welfare and retirement plans, including without limitation amending, merging and terminating plans and declaring discretionary, non-discretionary and matching contributions under our Retirement Plan.
Role of Executive Officers in Determining or Recommending Compensation
Our CEO develops and submits to the Compensation Committee his recommendation for the compensation of each of the named executive officers, other than himself, in connection with annual reviews of their performance. The Compensation Committee reviews and discusses the recommendations made by our CEO, approves the compensation for each named executive officer for the coming year and approves and submits the compensation of our CEO to the Board of Directors for ratification. In addition, our Chief Financial Officer and other members of our finance, human resources and compensation teams assist the Committee with establishing performance targets and payout scales for performance-based compensation, as well as with the calculation of actual financial performance and comparison to the performance targets, each of which requires the Committee’s approval. See Compensation Discussion and Analysis for more discussion regarding the role of our CEO in determining or recommending the amount or form of executive compensation.
Role of Compensation Consultants
Pursuant to its charter, the Compensation Committee has the sole authority to retain and terminate independent compensation consultants of its choosing to assist the Committee in carrying out its responsibilities. The Committee has appointed Exequity LLP, or Exequity, to serve as its independent compensation consultant reporting directly to the Committee. Exequity is responsible for providing information, insight and perspective for the Compensation Committee’s use in making decisions on all elements of executive compensation. See Compensation Discussion and Analysis for more detail regarding the nature and scope of Exequity’s assignment and the material elements of the instructions or directions given to them with respect to the performance of their duties. We have not purchased any additional services from Exequity beyond those provided to the Compensation Committee, and no conflicts of interest have been identified with regard to the work performed by Exequity.
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Compensation Risk Assessment
During fiscal year 2018, our management conducted an assessment of our employee compensation policies and practices and concluded that any risks arising from such policies and practices are not reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our company. The assessment was reviewed and discussed with the Compensation Committee, which concurred with management’s conclusions.
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
None of the members of our Compensation Committee was an officer or employee of our company during the fiscal year or was formerly an officer of our company, and none of our executive officers served on (1) the compensation committee (or its equivalent) or board of directors of another entity whose executive officer served on our Compensation Committee or (2) the compensation committee (or its equivalent) of another entity whose executive officer served on our Board of Directors. James P. Keane, our President and CEO, serves on the Board of Managers of IDEO GP LLC, which is the general partner of IDEO LP, and director Timothy C.E. Brown is CEO and President of IDEO LP, but the Board of Managers of IDEO GP LLC has agreed that Mr. Keane will be excluded from any decision-making related to management compensation.
Corporate Business Development Committee
The Corporate Business Development Committee was established during fiscal year 2018, and its principal responsibilities are:

• | reviewing and overseeing the development and implementation of the Company’s growth strategies; and

• | reviewing and making recommendations to our Board of Directors with respect to investments in growth strategies and business acquisitions or divestitures for which Board approval is required.

Executive Committee
The Executive Committee is authorized to exercise the powers of our Board of Directors when necessary between regular meetings, subject to any legal or regulatory limitations, and performs such other duties as assigned by the Board of Directors from time to time. The members of the Executive Committee consist of the Board Chair, the Chairs of each of the Audit, Compensation, Corporate Business Development and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committees and James P. Keane.
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee
The principal responsibilities of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee are:

• | establishing procedures for identifying and evaluating potential director nominees and recommending nominees for election to our Board of Directors;

• | reviewing the suitability for continued service of directors when their terms are expiring or a significant change in responsibility occurs, including a change in employment;

• | reviewing annually the composition of our Board to ensure it reflects an appropriate balance of knowledge, experience, skills, expertise and diversity;

• | making recommendations to our Board regarding its size, the frequency and structure of its meetings and other aspects of its governance procedures;

• | making recommendations to our Board regarding the functioning and composition of Board committees;

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• | reviewing our Corporate Governance Principles at least annually and recommending appropriate changes to our Board;

• | overseeing the annual self-evaluation of our Board and annual evaluation of our CEO;

• | reviewing director compensation and recommending appropriate changes to our Board;

• | administering our Related Person Transactions Policy and the Board’s policy on disclosing and managing conflicts of interest, including reviewing and approving any related person transactions under our Related Person Transactions Policy;

• | considering any waiver requests under our Code of Ethics and Code of Business Conduct; and

• | reviewing the annual budget established for the Board and monitoring the spending against such budget.

OTHER CORPORATE GOVERNANCE MATTERS
Corporate Governance Principles
Our Board of Directors is committed to monitoring the effectiveness of policy and decision making at the Board and management levels. Fundamental to its corporate governance philosophy is the Board’s commitment to upholding our reputation for honesty and integrity. Equally fundamental is its commitment to serving as an independent overseer of our management and operations. Our Board adopted a set of Corporate Governance Principles, a copy of which can be found in the Investor Relations section of our website, located at ir.steelcase.com, and found under “Corporate Governance.”
Board of Directors Leadership Structure
The leadership structure of our Board of Directors involves a Board Chair who is not our principal executive officer. Robert C. Pew III serves as non-executive Chair of the Board, and James P. Keane serves as our CEO. Our Board of Directors has chosen to keep the roles of Chair of the Board and CEO separate as a matter of sound corporate governance practices and a balance of responsibilities, with an independent director serving as Chair of the Board. This structure allows Mr. Keane to focus on the day-to-day leadership of our business, while Mr. Pew is able to focus on the leadership of our Board of Directors and its oversight of our company.
Risk Oversight
Our Board of Directors administers its oversight of risk assessment and management practices in several ways. Our Chief Financial Officer oversees our risk assessment and management practices. On a quarterly basis, the Audit Committee reviews a business risk profile prepared by management which summarizes the key risks faced by the Company and the likelihood and anticipated financial impact of each risk materializing, as well as any significant changes in the risk profile from the previous quarter, and the Audit Committee receives an annual update on cybersecurity risk management. On an annual basis, the Compensation Committee reviews a risk assessment of our employment compensation policies and practices prepared by management. In addition, risk identification and risk management are discussed by the Board of Directors on a regular basis as part of its review of our financial performance and business and strategic planning.
We believe our Board of Directors’ oversight of risk management is strengthened by having an independent director serve as Chair of the Board.
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Executive Sessions of Non-Management Directors
Our Board regularly meets in executive session without any members of management present. During these sessions, Robert C. Pew III, as Chair of the Board, presides. Our Corporate Governance Principles provide that if the Chair of the Board is a member of management, the outside directors will designate a member to preside at executive sessions.
Consideration of Candidates for Director
The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee considers candidates suggested by its members, other directors and senior management in anticipation of potential or expected Board vacancies. After identifying a potential candidate, the Committee collects and reviews publicly available information to assess whether he or she should be considered further. If the candidate warrants further consideration, the Chair or another member of the Committee will initiate contact. Generally, if the person expresses a willingness to be considered, the Committee requests information from the candidate, reviews his or her qualifications and accomplishments and conducts one or more interviews with the candidate. Committee members may also contact references or others who have personal knowledge of the candidate’s accomplishments.
Nominees for director are selected on the basis of several criteria, the most fundamental of which is integrity. Directors are expected to be curious and demanding independent thinkers who possess appropriate business judgment and are committed to representing the interests of our shareholders. Directors must possess knowledge, experience, skills or expertise that will enhance our Board’s ability to direct our business. Our Board is committed to diversity, and a candidate’s ability to add to the diversity of our Board is also considered. Directors must be willing and able to spend the time and effort necessary to effectively perform their responsibilities, and they should volunteer to resign from our Board in the event they have a significant change in responsibilities, including a change in employment, in accordance with our Corporate Governance Principles.
The Committee will consider candidates recommended by shareholders for nomination by the Board, taking into consideration the needs of the Board and the qualifications of the candidate. Shareholders must submit recommendations to our corporate secretary in writing and include the following information:

• | the recommending shareholder’s name and evidence of ownership of our stock, including the number of shares owned and the length of time owned; and

• | the candidate’s name, résumé or a listing of qualifications to be a director of our company and the candidate’s consent to be named as a director if selected by the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and nominated by the Board.

Shareholders may also make their own nominations for director by following the process specified in our By-laws. Any shareholder who intends to nominate a director to be elected at our 2019 Annual Meeting of Shareholders must give written notice of such intent, delivered no earlier than April 12, 2019 and no later than May 2, 2019.
Shareholder Communications
Our Board has adopted a process for interested parties to send communications to the Board. To contact the Board, any of its committees, the Chair of the Board (or the lead non-management director, if one is subsequently appointed) or any of our other directors, please send a letter addressed to: Board of Directors, c/o Lizbeth S. O’Shaughnessy, Secretary, Steelcase Inc., P.O. Box 1967, Grand Rapids, MI 49501-1967.
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All such letters will be opened by the corporate secretary. Any contents that are not advertising, promotions of a product or service or patently offensive material will be forwarded promptly to the addressee. In the case of communications to the Board or any committee or group of directors, the corporate secretary will make sufficient copies of the contents and send them to each director who is a member of the committee or group to which the envelope is addressed.
Code of Ethics and Code of Business Conduct
Our Board adopted a Code of Ethics applicable to our chief executive and senior financial officers, as well as a Code of Business Conduct that applies to all of our employees and directors. Only our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee may grant any waivers of either code for a director or executive officer. Each of these codes is available in the Investor Relations section of our website, located at ir.steelcase.com, and found under “Corporate Governance.” If any amendment to, or waiver from, a provision of our Code of Ethics is made for our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller or persons performing similar functions, we will also post such information in the Corporate Governance section of our website. To date, no such waivers have been issued.
Available Information
The following materials are available on our website at ir.steelcase.com, found under “Corporate Governance”:

• | Code of Ethics;

• | Code of Business Conduct;

• | Corporate Governance Principles;

• | Audit Committee Charter;

• | Compensation Committee Charter; and

• | Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee Charter.

We will send you a copy of any of these materials upon request and without charge. Please send any such request to us either by email at ir@steelcase.com or by mail at: Steelcase Inc., Investor Relations, P.O. Box 1967, Grand Rapids, MI 49501-1967.
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DIRECTOR COMPENSATION
Standard Arrangements
Our standard compensation arrangements for our non-employee directors for fiscal year 2018 were as follows:

Type of Compensation | Director | Board Chair
Board Annual Retainer | $ | 200,000 |  |  | $ | 300,000 |
Committee Chair Annual Retainers: |  |  |
Audit Committee | $ | 20,000 |  |  |
Compensation Committee | $ | 15,000 |  |  |
Corporate Business Development Committee | $ | 10,000 |  |  |
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee | $ | 10,000 |  |  |
Audit Committee Member Annual Retainer | $ | 5,000 |  |  |

Board and committee chair retainers are payable 40% in cash and 60% in shares of our Class A Common Stock, and Audit Committee member retainers are payable in cash. A director may elect to receive all or a part of the cash portion of his or her Board and committee chair retainers in shares of our Class A Common Stock. All shares granted to our directors as part of their non-cash director compensation are granted in the form of our Class A Common Stock under our Incentive Compensation Plan. The number of shares issued is based on the fair market value of the Class A Common Stock on the date the shares are issued.
James P. Keane, our President and CEO, is a director, but he does not receive additional compensation for his service as a director or committee member because he is an employee.
All directors (including committee chairs and the Board Chair) are reimbursed for reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred to attend Board and committee meetings.
In order to evaluate the reasonableness and competitiveness of our compensation programs and practices for our non-employee directors, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee reviewed pay data from peer groups of similar sized companies. The pay data includes information regarding board annual retainers, committee chair annual retainers and other fees as well as prevalence of amounts paid in shares or cash. The Committee reviews the comparison data to assess whether or not the non-employee director compensation is within a competitive range and also determines if the structure is reasonable. The recommendations on non-employee director compensation from the Committee are reviewed and approved by the full Board of Directors.
Non-Employee Director Deferred Compensation Plan
Each of our outside directors is eligible to participate in our Non-Employee Director Deferred Compensation Plan. Under this plan, directors may defer all or part of their retainers until they no longer serve on our Board. A participating director may elect to have the deferred amount deemed invested in Class A Common Stock or several other investment funds.
Director Stock Ownership Guidelines
Our non-employee directors are required to be paid at least 60% of their board and committee chair annual retainers in the form of either Class A Common Stock issued under our Incentive Compensation Plan or elect a deemed investment in Class A Common Stock under our Non-Employee Director Deferred
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Compensation Plan. Each director is required to beneficially own a total number of shares of Steelcase Inc. Class A Common Stock and/or Class B Common Stock which equals or exceeds the total number of shares of Class A Common Stock he or she has received as director compensation.
Director Compensation Table
The following table shows the compensation earned by each of our non-employee directors in fiscal year 2018.
Fiscal Year 2018 Director Compensation Table

Name | Fees Earned or Paid in Cash (1) | Stock Awards (2) | All Other Compensation (3) | Total
Lawrence J. Blanford | $ | 88,000 |  |  | $ | 132,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 220,000 |
Timothy C.E. Brown | $ | 83,000 |  |  | $ | 124,500 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 207,500 |
William P. Crawford (4) | $ | 40,000 |  |  | $ | 60,000 |  |  | $ | 707 |  |  | $ | 100,707 |
Connie K. Duckworth | $ | 84,052 |  |  | $ | 125,948 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 210,000 |
David W. Joos | $ | 85,000 |  |  | $ | 120,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 205,000 |
Todd P. Kelsey | $ | 83,750 |  |  | $ | 120,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 203,750 |
Jennifer C. Niemann | $ | 60,017 |  |  | $ | 89,983 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 150,000 |
Robert C. Pew III | $ | 120,028 |  |  | $ | 179,972 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 300,000 |
Cathy D. Ross | $ | 91,000 |  |  | $ | 129,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 220,000 |
Peter M. Wege II | $ | 82,513 |  |  | $ | 119,987 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 202,500 |
P. Craig Welch, Jr. | $ | 80,013 |  |  | $ | 119,987 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 200,000 |
Kate Pew Wolters | $ | 80,013 |  |  | $ | 119,987 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 200,000 |

(1) | The amounts shown in this column reflect the portion of the directors’ retainers payable in cash, including any of such amounts which our directors elected to receive in shares of our Class A Common Stock or defer under our Non-Employee Director Deferred Compensation Plan. Shown in the following table are:

• | the number of shares of our Class A Common Stock issued to those directors who elected to receive all or a part of this portion of their retainers in the form of shares; and

• | the number of shares deemed credited under the Non-Employee Director Deferred Compensation Plan to those directors who elected to defer all or a part of this portion of their retainers as a deemed investment in Class A Common Stock.

Director | Shares Issued | Deferred Stock Credited
Lawrence J. Blanford | — |  |  | 5,802 |
David W. Joos | — |  |  | 5,604 |
Cathy D. Ross | — |  |  | 198 |

(2) | The amounts shown in this column reflect the portion of the directors’ retainers payable in shares of our Class A Common Stock, including any of such amounts which our directors elected to defer under our Non-Employee Director Deferred Compensation Plan. Shown in the following table are:

• | the number of shares of our Class A Common Stock issued to those directors who received all or a part of this portion of their retainers in the form of shares; and

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• | the number of shares deemed credited under the Non-Employee Director Deferred Compensation Plan to those directors who elected to defer all or a part of this portion of their retainers as a deemed investment in Class A Common Stock.

The grant date fair value of the shares of Class A Common Stock issued was calculated using the closing price of our Class A Common Stock on the payment date multiplied by the number of shares issued in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification Topic 718. The assumptions made in the valuation of such awards are disclosed in Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements included in our annual report on Form 10-K for fiscal year 2018 filed with the SEC on April 10, 2018.

Director | Shares Issued | Deferred Stock Credited
Lawrence J. Blanford | — |  |  | 8,703 |
Timothy C. E. Brown | — |  |  | 8,237 |
William P. Crawford | — |  |  | 3,547 |
Connie K. Duckworth | 8,304 |  |  | — |
David W. Joos | — |  |  | 7,911 |
Todd P. Kelsey | — |  |  | 7,917 |
Jennifer C. Niemann | 6,542 |  |  | — |
Robert C. Pew III | 11,866 |  |  | — |
Cathy D. Ross | — |  |  | 8,505 |
Peter M. Wege II | 7,911 |  |  | — |
P. Craig Welch, Jr. | 7,911 |  |  | — |
Kate Pew Wolters | 7,911 |  |  | — |

(3) | The amount shown represents the reimbursement of taxes owed with respect to a Steelcase chair given to Mr. Crawford upon his retirement from the Board in recognition of his service.

(4) | Mr. Crawford retired from our Board of Directors in July 2017.

Holdings of Deferred Stock
The following table indicates the total number of shares deemed credited under our Non-Employee Director Deferred Compensation Plan as of the end of fiscal year 2018 to those directors who have deferred all or a portion of their retainer and/or fees as a deemed investment in Class A Common Stock:

Director | Deferred Stock as of FY End
Lawrence J. Blanford | 71,253 |
Timothy C. E. Brown | 10,251 |
William P. Crawford | 79,053 |
David W. Joos | 213,222 |
Todd P. Kelsey | 8,063 |
Cathy D. Ross | 78,776 |
Peter M. Wege II | 5,412 |
P. Craig Welch, Jr. | 62,362 |
Kate Pew Wolters | 1,972 |

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Other Benefits
During fiscal year 2018, each of our outside directors who is not a retiree of our company was eligible to receive healthcare coverage under our Benefit Plan for Outside Directors, which provides coverage comparable to the Steelcase Inc. Employee Benefit Plan generally available to U.S. employees of Steelcase Inc. The cost of participating in this plan is reported as taxable income for the director. The following table shows, for each outside director who participated in the plan during fiscal year 2018, the amount of taxable income relating to such participation.

Participating Directors | Fiscal Year 2018 Taxable Income
Lawrence J. Blanford | $ | 14,152 |
Robert C. Pew III | $ | 13,922 |
Peter M. Wege II | $ | 13,899 |
P. Craig Welch, Jr. | $ | 14,152 |
Kate Pew Wolters | $ | 6,741 |

Other Payments Received by Directors
William P. Crawford currently receives payments under our Executive Supplemental Retirement Plan and is entitled to receive payments under a deferred compensation arrangement that was in effect when his employment with us ended. Mr. Crawford also participates in our retiree healthcare benefit plans on the same terms as other U.S. retirees. His rights to receive those payments and benefits are not conditioned on continued service on our Board.
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STOCK OWNERSHIP OF MANAGEMENT AND CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS
The tables on the following pages show the amount of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock beneficially owned by certain persons. Generally, a person “beneficially owns” shares if the person has or shares with others the right to vote or dispose of those shares, or if the person has the right to acquire voting or disposition rights within 60 days (for example, by exercising options). Except as stated in the notes following the tables, each person has the sole power to vote and dispose of the shares shown in the tables as beneficially owned.
Each share of Class B Common Stock can be converted into one share of Class A Common Stock at the option of the holder. Ownership of Class B Common Stock is, therefore, deemed to be beneficial ownership of Class A Common Stock under the SEC’s rules and regulations. However, the number of shares of Class A Common Stock and the percentages shown for Class A Common Stock in the following tables do not account for this conversion right in order to avoid duplications in the number of shares and percentages that would be shown in the tables.
Directors and Executive Officers
This table shows the amount of common stock beneficially owned as of May 14, 2018 by (a) each director, (b) each of the executive officers named in the Summary Compensation Table and (c) all of our directors and executive officers as a group. The address of each director and executive officer is 901 44th Street SE, Grand Rapids, MI 49508.

Name | Class A Common Stock (1) | Class B Common Stock
Shares Beneficially Owned | Percent of Class | Shares Beneficially Owned | Percent of Class
Sara E. Armbruster | 47,574 |  | * |  | — |  | — |
Lawrence J. Blanford | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Timothy C.E. Brown | 265 |  | * |  | — |  | — |
Connie K. Duckworth | 51,892 |  | * |  | — |  | — |
David W. Joos | 11,400 |  | * |  | — |  | — |
James P. Keane (2) | 657,275 |  | * |  | — |  | — |
Todd P. Kelsey | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Jennifer C. Niemann (3) | 10,102 |  | * |  | 611,274 |  | 2.0 | %
Lizbeth S. O’Shaughnessy | 197,691 |  | * |  | — |  | — |
Robert C. Pew III (4) | 46,477 |  | * |  | 5,635,458 |  | 18.5 | %
Cathy D. Ross | 3,611 |  | * |  | — |  | — |
Eddy F. Schmitt | 24,744 |  | * |  | — |  | — |
David C. Sylvester | 345,816 |  | * |  | — |  | — |
Peter M. Wege II | 246,391 |  | * |  | — |  | — |
P. Craig Welch, Jr. (5) | 82,406 |  | * |  | 6,281,121 |  | 20.6 | %
Kate Pew Wolters (6) | 83,248 |  | * |  | 5,981,354 |  | 19.7 | %
Directors and executive officers as a group (21 persons) (7) | 2,000,027 |  | 2.3 | % | 18,509,207 |  | 60.8 | %

* Less than 1%

(1) | If the number of shares each director or executive officer could acquire upon conversion of his or her Class B Common Stock were included as shares of Class A Common Stock beneficially owned, the following directors and executive officers would be deemed to beneficially own the number of shares of Class A Common Stock and the percentage of the total shares of Class A Common Stock listed opposite their names:

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Name | Number of Shares | Percent of Class A
Jennifer C. Niemann | 621,376 |  | * |
Robert C. Pew III | 5,681,935 |  | 6.2 | %
P. Craig Welch, Jr. | 6,363,527 |  | 6.9 | %
Kate Pew Wolters | 6,064,602 |  | 6.6 | %
Directors and executive officers as a group (21 persons) | 20,509,234 |  | 19.6 | %

* Less than 1%

(2) | Includes 118,027 shares of Class A Common Stock of which Mr. Keane shares the power to vote and dispose.

(3) | Includes 100 shares of Class A Common Stock and 91,025 shares of Class B Common Stock of which Ms. Niemann shares the power to vote and dispose.

(4) | Includes (a) 500 shares of Class A Common Stock of which Mr. Pew III shares the power to vote and dispose and (b) 3,073,618 shares of Class B Common Stock of which Mr. Pew III shares the power to dispose.

(5) | Includes (a) 3,550,501 shares of Class B Common Stock of which Mr. Welch, Jr. shares the power to dispose and (b) 1,422 shares of Class A Common Stock and 2,046,220 shares of Class B Common Stock of which Mr. Welch, Jr. shares the power to vote and dispose.

(6) | Includes 2,931,428 shares of Class B Common Stock of which Ms. Wolters shares the power to dispose.

(7) | Includes all twelve directors (one of whom is an executive officer) and all nine other executive officers, only four of whom are named in the table. The numbers shown include the shares described in notes 2 through 6 above.

Beneficial Owners of More than Five Percent of Our Common Stock
This table shows the amount of common stock beneficially owned as of May 14, 2018 by each person, other than our directors and executive officers, who is known by us to beneficially own more than 5% of our Class A Common Stock or 5% of our Class B Common Stock. The information set forth in this table is based on the most recent Schedule 13D or 13G filing made by such persons with the SEC, except where we know of any changes in their beneficial ownership after the date of such filings.
The percentages listed in the Percent of Class column for Class B Common Stock set forth in this table and the previous table add up to more than 100% because (1) as described in the notes to the tables, some of the persons listed in the tables share the power to vote and dispose of shares of Class B Common Stock with one or more of the other persons listed in the tables and (2) for many persons listed in the tables, the number of Shares Beneficially Owned is based on filings by such persons with the SEC as of December 31, 2017 or earlier but the Percent of Class is calculated based on the total number of shares of Class B Common Stock outstanding on May 14, 2018.
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Name | Class A Common Stock (1) | Class B Common Stock
Shares Beneficially Owned | Percent of Class | Shares Beneficially Owned | Percent of Class
Fifth Third Bancorp (2) | 2,020,385 |  | 2.3 | % | 16,087,948 |  | 52.9 | %
The Vanguard Group, Inc. (3) | 7,141,226 |  | 8.3 | % | — |  | — |
BlackRock, Inc. (4) | 5,949,364 |  | 6.9 | % | — |  | — |
Wellington Management Group LLP (5) | 5,873,821 |  | 6.8 | % | — |  | — |
LSV Asset Management (6) | 4,806,409 |  | 5.6 | % | — |  | — |
Anne Hunting (7) | 242,487 |  | * |  | 4,351,970 |  | 14.3 | %
ABJ Investments, Limited Partnership and Olive Shores Del, Inc. (8) | 1,258,491 |  | 1.5 | % | 3,000,000 |  | 9.9 | %
William P. Crawford (9) | 337,259 |  | * |  | 2,127,045 |  | 7.0 | %
James T. Osborne (10) | — |  | — |  | 1,574,468 |  | 5.2 | %

* Less than 1%
(1)If the number of shares each shareholder could acquire upon conversion of their Class B Common Stock were included as shares of Class A Common Stock beneficially owned, the following holders of Class B Common Stock would be deemed to beneficially own the number of shares of Class A Common Stock and the percentage of the total shares of Class A Common Stock listed opposite their names:

Name | Number of Shares | Percent of Class A
Fifth Third Bancorp | 18,108,333 |  | 17.7 | %
Anne Hunting | 4,594,457 |  | 5.1 | %
ABJ Investments, Limited Partnership and Olive Shores Del, Inc. | 4,258,491 |  | 4.8 | %
William P. Crawford | 2,464,304 |  | 2.8 | %
James T. Osborne | 1,574,468 |  | 1.8 | %

(2) | The address of Fifth Third Bancorp is Fifth Third Center, Cincinnati, OH 45263. Includes (a) 97,908 shares of Class A Common Stock and 4,459,553 shares of Class B Common Stock of which Fifth Third Bancorp shares the power to vote and (b) 942,235 shares of Class A Common Stock and 11,747,678 shares of Class B Common Stock of which Fifth Third Bancorp shares the power to dispose.

We believe there is substantial duplication between the shares which Fifth Third Bancorp beneficially owns and the shares which are beneficially owned by some of the other persons listed in this table and the previous table, because, among other reasons, Fifth Third Bancorp or its affiliates serves as a co-trustee of a number of trusts of which our directors, director nominee and other beneficial owners of more than 5% of our common stock serve as co-trustees; however, we are not able to determine the extent of such duplication based on the information reported by Fifth Third Bancorp.

(3) | The address of The Vanguard Group, Inc. is 100 Vanguard Blvd., Malvern, PA 19355. The Vanguard Group, Inc. has the sole power to vote only 153,071 shares of Class A Common Stock, the shared power to vote 10,477 shares of Class A Common Stock and the shared power to dispose of 155,684 shares of Class A Common Stock.

(4) | The address of BlackRock, Inc. is 55 East 52nd St., New York, NY 10055. BlackRock, Inc. has the sole power to vote only 5,742,362 shares of Class A Common Stock.

(5) | The address of Wellington Management Group LLP is 280 Congress Street, Boston, MA 02210. Wellington Management Group LLP has the shared power to vote only 3,939,922 shares of Class A Common Stock and the shared power to dispose of 5,873,821 shares of Class A Common Stock.

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(6) | The address of LSV Asset Management is 1 N. Wacker Drive, Suite 4000, Chicago, IL 60606.

(7) | The address of Ms. Hunting is 1421 Lake Road, Lake Forest, IL 60045. Includes 4,476,971 shares of which Ms. Hunting shares the power to vote and dispose. The information reported for Ms. Hunting is based upon a Schedule 13G amendment dated December 31, 2001 and a subsequent conversion of Class B Common Stock into Class A Common Stock. No further shareholding information has been reported by Ms. Hunting after December 31, 2001.

(8) | The address of ABJ Investments, Limited Partnership, or ABJ, and Olive Shores Del, Inc., or Olive Shores, is P.O. Box 295, Cimarron, CO 81220. Olive Shores is the sole general partner of ABJ. The information reported for ABJ and Olive Shores is based upon a Schedule 13G amendment dated December 31, 2007 in which those entities reported that they had ceased to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of our Class A Common Stock and thus were no longer subject to reporting on Schedule 13G. No further shareholding information has been reported by ABJ or Olive Shores after December 31, 2007.

(9) | The address of William P. Crawford is 901 44th Street S.E., Grand Rapids, MI 49508. Includes (a) 336,849 shares of Class A Common Stock and 51,957 shares of Class B Common Stock of which Mr. Crawford shares the power to vote and dispose and (b) 186,964 shares of Class B Common Stock which he shares the power to dispose. The information reported for Mr. Crawford is based on information disclosed to us by Mr. Crawford prior to his retirement as a director in July 2017 and subsequent transfers of Class B Common Stock.

(10) | The address of James T. Osborne is 881 Private Rd., Winnetka, IL 60093. Mr. Osborne has the sole power to vote and dispose of 82,926 shares of Class B Common Stock and the shared power to vote and dispose of 165,900 shares of Class B Common Stock. The information provided for Mr. Osborne is based upon a Schedule 13G dated December 31, 1998. No further shareholding information has been reported by Mr. Osborne after such date.

SECTION 16(a) BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP REPORTING COMPLIANCE
Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires our directors, executive officers and those who beneficially own more than 10% of our Class A Common Stock to file reports of initial ownership and changes in their beneficial ownership of shares of Class A Common Stock with the SEC. Based on our review of the reports filed with the SEC, and written representations that no Form 5 reports were required, we believe that, for transactions during fiscal year 2018, all Section 16(a) reports were filed on a timely basis.
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PROPOSAL 2 – ADVISORY VOTE
TO APPROVE NAMED EXECUTIVE OFFICER COMPENSATION
The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and Section 14A of the Exchange Act require that we allow our shareholders the opportunity to vote to approve the compensation of our named executive officers as set forth in this proxy statement. This vote is advisory, which means that it is not binding on our company or our Board of Directors. The affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast at the Meeting for this proposal is required to approve this Proposal 2.
The compensation of our named executive officers is set forth in the Executive Compensation, Retirement Programs and Other Arrangements section. The Compensation Discussion and Analysis, or CD&A, section describes our executive compensation policies and practices and analyzes the compensation received by our named executive officers in fiscal year 2018. As described in the CD&A, our executive compensation philosophy is to reward performance and motivate collective achievement of strategic objectives that will contribute to our company’s success. Our Board of Directors believes the compensation programs for our named executive officers effectively meet the primary objectives of attracting and retaining highly qualified executives, motivating our executives to achieve our business objectives, rewarding our executives appropriately for their individual and collective contributions and aligning our executives’ interests with the long-term interests of our shareholders, and our Board believes our programs are reasonable when compared to compensation at similar companies.
At our 2017 annual meeting, a majority of the votes cast by our shareholders were cast in favor of one year as the frequency of a shareholder advisory vote on compensation of our named executive officers. Taking into account the results of such vote, the Board of Directors determined that it is in the best interests of the Company and our shareholders to hold an annual advisory vote to approve named executive officer compensation until the next advisory vote on the frequency of such a vote. Thus, the next advisory vote to approve named executive officer compensation will be held at the 2019 annual meeting.
The vote on this resolution is not intended to address any specific element of executive compensation. Instead, the vote relates to the executive compensation of our named executive officers, as set forth in this proxy statement pursuant to the rules of the SEC. This vote is advisory and not binding on our company or our Board of Directors, but in the event of any significant vote against this proposal, the Compensation Committee will consider whether any actions are appropriate to respond to shareholder concerns.
Accordingly, our Board of Directors asks our shareholders to vote on the following resolution at the Meeting:
RESOLVED, that the compensation paid to the Company’s named executive officers, as disclosed in the Company’s Proxy Statement for the 2018 Annual Meeting of Shareholders pursuant to Item 402 of Regulation S-K, including the Compensation Discussion and Analysis, compensation tables and narrative discussion, is hereby approved.
THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS RECOMMENDS A VOTE FOR THE APPROVAL OF THE COMPENSATION OF OUR NAMED EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AS DISCLOSED IN THIS PROXY STATEMENT.
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COMPENSATION COMMITTEE REPORT
We reviewed and discussed with management the Compensation Discussion and Analysis which follows this report. Based on such review and discussions, we recommended to the Board of Directors that the Compensation Discussion and Analysis be included in this proxy statement for filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission and distribution to the Company’s shareholders.
Compensation Committee
Cathy D. Ross (Chair)
Timothy C. E. Brown
David W. Joos
P. Craig Welch, Jr.
Kate Pew Wolters
COMPENSATION DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
This section discusses our policies and practices relating to executive compensation and presents a review and analysis of the compensation earned in fiscal year 2018 by our CEO, our Chief Financial Officer and our three other most highly paid executive officers. We refer to these five individuals as the “named executive officers.” The types and amounts of compensation earned by these executives in fiscal year 2018 are detailed in the Summary Compensation Table in Executive Compensation, Retirement Programs and Other Arrangements and the other tables which follow it.
Executive Summary
We have designed the compensation programs for our named executive officers to provide competitive pay opportunities while aligning the incentive compensation realized by our named executive officers with the interests of our shareholders by linking pay with company and stock performance. The primary elements of our executive compensation programs are base salaries, incentive compensation (both cash and equity-based) and retirement programs and benefits.
In fiscal year 2018, we awarded four types of incentive compensation opportunities to our named executive officers:

• | cash awards under our Management Incentive Plan, or MIP, earned based on our return on invested capital, or ROIC, for fiscal year 2018;

• | cash-based awards under our Incentive Compensation Plan, or ICP, which will be earned based on our average ROIC for fiscal years 2018 through 2020;

• | performance units which will be earned based on our total shareholder return, or TSR, relative to companies in the S&P Midcap 400 Index for fiscal years 2018 through 2020; and

• | restricted units which will vest at the end of fiscal year 2020.

The incentive compensation realized by our named executive officers for fiscal year 2018 consisted of:

• | the MIP awards earned based on fiscal year 2018 ROIC performance;

• | performance units granted in fiscal year 2016 and earned based on our average ROIC for fiscal years 2016 through 2018; and

• | restricted units granted in fiscal year 2016 which vested at the end of fiscal year 2018.

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No compensation was realized by our named executive officers under the performance units granted in fiscal year 2016 which could have been earned on our TSR performance, relative to the companies within the S&P MidCap 400 Index, for fiscal years 2016 through 2018, as our TSR performance was below the threshold level.
In fiscal year 2018, we reported revenue of $3.1 billion, a slight increase compared to the prior year. Despite the increase in revenue, we recorded operating income of $156.0 million and an operating income margin of 5.1% in fiscal year 2018 compared to $200.2 million and 6.6% in fiscal year 2017. The decline was driven by the Americas segment, where revenue declined 2%, cost of sales increased as a percentage of revenue and operating expenses increased largely because of higher investments in product development, sales, marketing and information technology in support of our growth strategies. The decline in the Americas was partially offset by strong revenue and operating income growth in the Asia Pacific region.
We recorded net income of $80.7 million and diluted earnings per share of $0.68 in fiscal year 2018, compared to net income of $124.6 million and diluted earnings per share of $1.03 in fiscal year 2017. In fiscal year 2018, net income and diluted earnings per share were reduced by $27.9 million and $0.23, respectively, as a result of income tax charges, primarily related to a reduction in the value of our deferred tax assets, recorded in connection with the U.S Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.
As calculated under our MIP, our ROIC for fiscal year 2018 was 11.17%, which was above our fiscal year 2018 MIP target of 11.0%. As a result, the MIP awards for our named executive officers were earned at 102% of target. As calculated under our ICP, our average ROIC for fiscal years 2016 through 2018 was 14.80%, which was above our target of 12.0%. As a result, the ROIC performance units granted to our named executive officers in fiscal year 2016 were earned at 156% of target.
Our TSR expressed as a compound annual rate for fiscal years 2016 through 2018 was (2.9)%, which ranked at the 20th percentile of the TSR peer group. As a result, the TSR performance units granted to our named executive officers in fiscal year 2016 were earned at 0% of target.
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Our say-on-pay advisory vote was approved at our 2017 annual shareholders’ meeting, with 95.5% of the votes cast in favor.
Philosophy and Objectives
Our philosophy for the compensation of all of our employees, including the named executive officers, is to value the contribution of our employees and share profits through broad-based incentive arrangements designed to reward performance and motivate collective achievement of strategic objectives that will contribute to our company’s success.
The primary objectives of the compensation programs for our named executive officers are to:

• | attract and retain highly qualified executives;

• | motivate our executives to achieve our business objectives;

• | reward our executives appropriately for their individual and collective contributions;

• | align our executives’ interests with the long-term interests of our shareholders;

• | ensure that executive compensation opportunities are reasonable when compared to compensation at similar companies; and

• | achieve internal pay equity.

Compensation Consultant
The Compensation Committee has engaged Exequity LLP to serve as an independent compensation consultant reporting directly to the Committee. Exequity is responsible for providing information, insight and perspective for the Committee’s consideration in making decisions on all elements of executive compensation. Exequity also works cooperatively with management on behalf of the Compensation Committee. Exequity does not provide any services to our company other than executive compensation consulting to the Committee.
Annual Review
Our executive compensation programs fall within three general categories: (1) base salaries, (2) incentive compensation and (3) retirement programs and benefits. The Compensation Committee reviews and approves the base salary and incentive compensation awards for each of our executive officers each year, taking into account the recommendations of our CEO (except as to himself), the individual performance of each executive officer and our compensation philosophy and objectives
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described above. Following approval by the Compensation Committee, the compensation of our CEO is submitted to our Board of Directors for ratification. The amount of incentive compensation actually earned by each executive officer depends on the performance of our company as a whole compared to the targets established for the particular award. None of the named executive officers has an employment agreement with us.
In order to evaluate the reasonableness and competitiveness of our compensation programs and practices for fiscal year 2018, the Compensation Committee used pay data from Willis Towers Watson’s general industry executive survey, excluding financial services, not-for-profit and energy companies, to reflect a sizable peer group of companies. Due to the differences in revenue among the companies in the survey, regression analysis was used to adjust the data to reflect our size based on annual revenues of approximately $3.0 billion. The survey presents information regarding base salaries, annual bonus targets, annualized expected values of long-term incentive compensation and target total direct compensation. The Compensation Committee does not specifically target each element of compensation of the named executive officers against the comparison group. Instead, the Compensation Committee reviews the comparison data to assess whether or not each of these components of compensation and total compensation of the named executive officers is within a competitive range. In making its assessment, the Committee considers (a) any difference between the role and responsibilities of each officer compared to the benchmark position in the survey results, (b) the specific contributions the executive officer has made to the successful achievement of our company goals, (c) the relative experience level of the executive officer and his or her tenure with our company and (d) the performance of the company, including stock price performance.
Our say-on-pay shareholder advisory vote received 95.5% approval at our 2017 annual shareholders meeting. No changes were made to our executive compensation policies and practices in fiscal year 2018 in response to our 2017 say-on-pay shareholder advisory vote.
Base Salary
The base salary of each of our named executive officers is reviewed and approved by the Compensation Committee as part of its overall review of executive compensation, and our Board of Directors ratifies any changes to our CEO’s base salary. As a general rule, base salaries for the named executive officers are set at levels which will allow us to attract and retain highly qualified executives. In addition to the annual reviews, the base salary of a particular executive may be adjusted during the course of a fiscal year in connection with a promotion or other material change in the executive’s role or responsibilities.
During fiscal year 2018, each of the named executive officers received a salary increase to his or her base salary within a historically normal range.
Incentive Compensation
In fiscal year 2018, we awarded four types of incentive compensation opportunities to our named executive officers: (1) cash awards under our MIP which were earned based on our ROIC results for the fiscal year, (2) cash-based awards under our ICP which will be earned based on our average ROIC over three fiscal years, (3) performance units which will be earned based on our TSR performance relative to a peer group over three fiscal years and (4) restricted units which will vest at the end of three fiscal years. The performance units and restricted units will be settled in shares of Class A Common Stock at the end of the applicable performance period or vesting. These four types of awards in combination with other similar awards granted in prior fiscal years create overlapping award cycles that are designed to provide a mix of cash and equity-based incentives, balance short-term and long-term performance and encourage retention.
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As an illustration, the following chart shows the mix of compensation for fiscal year 2018 for our CEO compared to the average of the four other named executive officers, valuing the MIP and ICP cash-based awards at the target level of performance and the restricted unit and performance unit awards at the grant date market price per share of our Class A Common Stock (valuing the performance units at the target level of performance). The chart also notes the portion of the target total compensation denominated in the form of cash or equity and the portion based on ROIC or TSR performance. The mix of compensation for the CEO was more heavily weighted to performance and equity, although performance-based awards were also a significant component for the other named executive officers.
Short-Term Cash Incentive Awards
Philosophy and Practice
As described above, in fiscal year 2018, each of our named executive officers received a cash award under our MIP which may be earned based on the achievement of certain ROIC results. ROIC equals our net operating profit after tax, or NOPAT, divided by average invested capital. NOPAT is calculated by taking net income and adding back after-tax interest expense, and adjusting for deferral of a portion of restructuring costs, tax items or other adjustments to the extent approved by the Compensation Committee. Average invested capital is calculated by adding average shareholders’ equity and average long-term debt and adjusted for the impact of tax items or other adjustments to the extent approved by the Compensation Committee. Restructuring costs, goodwill impairment charges or other items to the extent approved by the Compensation Committee may be amortized over a period of two to five years in the calculation of NOPAT and average invested capital. In prior years, we excluded from the calculation the impact of average liquidity in excess of $200 million. This exclusion was eliminated in fiscal year 2018 in recognition of the completion of our multi-year restructuring activities. No awards can be earned to the extent they would result in our company recording a net loss for the fiscal year unless the Committee determines otherwise.
In addition to the named executive officers, other management employees received annual awards under the MIP for fiscal year 2018, and the majority of our other employees also received annual incentive compensation based on our ROIC results for fiscal year 2018.
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Fiscal Year 2018 Awards
The ROIC performance required to earn the minimum, target and maximum level of the fiscal year 2018 MIP awards are shown in the following table, with interpolation used in the event that the actual results do not fall directly on one of the performance levels. Target performance was set at ROIC of 11.0%. In setting the target, the Compensation Committee chose to use the average of our estimated current weighted average cost of capital, or WACC, and our fiscal year 2017 actual ROIC adjusted for the impact of the excess liquidity exclusion. As a profit-sharing company, the minimum performance level was set at zero percent and the maximum performance level was set at ten percentage points above target.

Performance Level | ROIC Performance | Amount Earned
Threshold | 0.0% |  | 0% of target
Target | 11.0% |  | 100% of target
Maximum | 21.0% |  | 200% of target

MIP target awards for the named executive officers are reviewed and approved each year by the Compensation Committee, and MIP target awards for our CEO are also ratified by the Board. The named executive officers’ target MIP awards for fiscal year 2018 were as follows:

Name | Target Award
James P. Keane | 110% of base salary
David C. Sylvester | 80% of base salary
Lizbeth S. O’Shaughnessy | 60% of base salary
Sara E. Armbruster | 60% of base salary
Eddy F. Schmitt | 50% of base salary

In determining the size of target MIP awards to be granted, our CEO presented to the Compensation Committee his recommendations for the size of award for each named executive officer other than himself, taking into consideration the factors described above under the heading “Annual Review.” The Committee reviewed the value of the target awards as a percentage of the officer’s base salary relative to the 25th percentile, median and 75th percentile levels of annual incentive compensation shown in the market comparison study and relative to each officer.
Awards Earned in Fiscal Year 2018 and Link to Company Performance
Our actual ROIC performance for fiscal year 2018 was 11.17%, resulting in the MIP awards being earned at 102% of target. The following chart depicts the performance scale for these awards and our actual fiscal year 2018 ROIC performance and MIP payout level.
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Long-Term Incentive Awards
Philosophy and Practice
Each of our named executive officers typically receives long-term incentive awards under our ICP each year, in accordance with our compensation philosophies of linking pay to performance, aligning the interests of our executives with those of our shareholders, and encouraging retention. Awards are typically approved by the Compensation Committee (and in the case of our CEO, ratified by our Board of Directors) at a regularly scheduled meeting at the beginning of each fiscal year, but awards may also be approved at any other regularly scheduled meeting or at a special meeting. We do not have any program or practice to time the grant of equity-based awards relative to the release of any material non-public information.
In addition to granting annual long-term incentive awards, from time to time at the request of our CEO, the Compensation Committee considers granting special awards to named executive officers in connection with promotions or other changes in responsibilities or in recognition of particular contributions to our company’s performance. No such awards were granted in fiscal year 2018 to the named executive officers.
Fiscal Year 2018 Awards
In fiscal year 2018, each of the named executive officers was granted a cash-based award, a performance unit award and a restricted unit award. A broader group of other management employees also receives cash-based awards and restricted unit awards under our long-term incentive program.
Cash-based awards
The cash-based awards will be earned based upon our average ROIC over fiscal years 2018 through 2020. Target performance was set at average ROIC of 11.0%. The levels of average ROIC performance required to earn the threshold, target or maximum amounts under these awards are as shown in the following table, with interpolation used in the event that the actual results do not fall directly on one of the performance levels.
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Performance Level | Three-Year Average ROIC Performance | Amount Earned
Threshold | 0.0% |  | 0% of target
Target | 11.0% |  | 100% of target
Maximum | 16.0% |  | 200% of target

The Compensation Committee selected three-year average ROIC as the performance measure for the cash-based awards in order to provide an element of incentive compensation based on a long-term company performance metric focused on profitability and the efficient use of capital. The target three-year average ROIC for the fiscal year 2018 awards was set at 11.0%. In setting the target, the Compensation Committee chose to use the average of our estimated current WACC and our fiscal year 2017 actual ROIC. As a profit-sharing company, the performance level required to begin earning a payout was set at zero percent and the performance level required to earn the maximum payout level was set at five percentage points above target performance. The use of cash-based awards ensures we will pay for ROIC performance and not have payouts affected by changes in our stock price, which is already addressed by the performance unit and restricted unit awards.
Performance units
The performance unit awards will be earned based upon our TSR performance relative to the companies in the S&P MidCap 400 Index over fiscal years 2018 through 2020. The levels of relative TSR performance required to earn the threshold, target or maximum number of shares under these performance units are as shown in the following table, with interpolation used in the event that the actual results do not fall directly on one of the percentile ranks. If relative TSR performance falls below the threshold, no shares would be earned.

Performance Level | Relative TSR Performance | Number of Shares Earned
Threshold | 30 th percentile |  | 50% of target
Target | 50 th percentile |  | 100% of target
Maximum | 80 th percentile |  | 200% of target

The Compensation Committee selected TSR as the performance measure for the performance units to align the compensation of the executive officers with the interests of our shareholders. It chose the companies in the S&P MidCap 400 Index for the measurement of relative TSR because the Committee desired a large enough group to mitigate the impact of any one-time events that may be experienced by a sector or company within the group, and the group includes companies with reasonably similar market capitalization to our company. In developing the performance scale for the performance units, the Compensation Committee reviewed survey data and market prevalence of TSR scales used by other companies. The performance units will be settled in shares of our Class A Common Stock to further align the compensation of the named executive officers with the interests of our shareholders. Dividend equivalents on the performance units will be based on dividends declared and paid on our Class A Common Stock during the performance period and paid only on the number of shares actually earned at the end of the performance period.
Restricted units
The restricted units were awarded in conjunction with the cash-based and performance unit awards to support our compensation philosophy of linking pay to stock performance, aligning the interests of our executives with those of our shareholders and encouraging retention. The restricted units granted in
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fiscal year 2018 will vest in full at the end of fiscal year 2020, based upon continued service and will be settled in shares of our Class A Common Stock. Dividend equivalents on the restricted units will be based on dividends declared and paid on our Class A Common Stock during the vesting period and paid during the vesting period.
Award levels and mix
In determining the size of the long-term incentive awards to be granted, our CEO presented to the Compensation Committee his recommendations for the awards for each named executive officer other than himself, taking into account the factors described above under the heading “Annual Review.” The Committee reviewed the recommended target level of cash-based awards plus the estimated value of the recommended performance units and restricted units (using a recent average closing price for shares of our Class A Common Stock), calculated as a percentage of the officer’s base salary, relative to the median level of long-term incentive compensation shown in the market comparison study and the estimated expense of the awards. For each of the named executive officers other than the CEO, the awards were allocated as follows: approximately 67% in performance-based awards (one half in cash earned based on ROIC and the other half in performance units earned based on TSR) and approximately 33% in restricted units. The awards granted to the CEO were allocated approximately 75% in performance-based awards (approximately one half in cash earned based on ROIC and the other half in performance units earned based on TSR) and approximately 25% in restricted units, to provide greater emphasis on alignment with the long-term interests of our shareholders. Over the last several years, it has been the Compensation Committee’s practice to provide the CEO with long-term incentive awards that are more heavily weighted on performance conditions than those granted to the other named executive officers.
Awards Earned in Fiscal Year 2018 and Link to Company Performance
The performance period for the performance units granted to the named executive officers in fiscal year 2016 ran from the beginning of fiscal year 2016 through the end of fiscal year 2018. The first set of performance units were earned based on our three-year average ROIC. Our actual average ROIC for fiscal years 2016 through 2018 was 14.8% and resulted in these awards being earned at 156% of target. The following chart depicts the performance scale for these awards and our actual fiscal year 2016 to 2018 average ROIC performance and payout level.
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The second set of performance units awarded to our named executive officers were earned based on our TSR performance relative to the companies in the S&P MidCap 400 Index. Our actual TSR performance for fiscal years 2016 through 2018 was at the 20 th percentile of the peer group and resulted in no shares being earned. The following chart depicts the performance scale for these awards and our actual fiscal year 2016 to 2018 relative TSR performance and performance unit payout level.
Retirement Plans and Benefits
Each of the named executive officers is eligible to participate in the following retirement benefit plans:

• | Retirement Plan;

• | Restoration Retirement Plan; and

• | Deferred Compensation Plan.

Our Retirement Plan is a tax-qualified defined contribution plan, open to eligible U.S.-based employees of Steelcase Inc. and certain of its subsidiaries and affiliates. Participants may elect to contribute a portion of their earnings to the 401(k) component of the Retirement Plan each year, and we made a non-discretionary contribution of 5% of each participant’s eligible pay for fiscal year 2018. In addition, we matched 50% of the first 6% of eligible pay each participant contributed to the Retirement Plan during the fiscal year.
Our Restoration Retirement Plan is a non-qualified defined contribution plan which is unfunded. Participants in our MIP for whom contributions to our Retirement Plan are limited by eligible pay caps under Section 401(a)(17) of the Internal Revenue Code may participate in the Restoration Retirement Plan. In fiscal year 2018, we made matching contributions and an annual contribution to participants’ bookkeeping accounts under the Restoration Retirement Plan at the same rate of contribution as our Retirement Plan.
Our Deferred Compensation Plan is a non-qualified defined contribution plan which is unfunded. In fiscal year 2018, participants could elect to defer up to 50% of their base salary and/or up to 75% of their short-term award under the MIP into an unfunded account with our company on a tax-deferred basis. Our company does not make any contributions to the Deferred Compensation Plan.
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Each of the named executive officers, other than Eddy F. Schmitt, participates in our Executive Supplemental Retirement Plan, which was originally adopted in 1981. This plan was intended to assist us with attracting and retaining highly qualified executives and to enable them to devote their full-time best efforts to our company. This plan was closed to new participants as of the beginning of fiscal year 2016. We do not have a policy or practice of granting our executive officers extra years of service credit under this or any other plan.
Each of these plans, other than our Retirement Plan, is discussed in Executive Compensation, Retirement Programs and Other Arrangements under the headings “Pension Benefits” and “Deferred Compensation.”
In addition to these retirement and deferred compensation plans, upon a qualifying retirement (generally when the age at retirement and number of years of continuous service with our company equals 80 or more), each of the named executive officers hired before July 22, 2002 is eligible to receive retiree healthcare benefits, including medical, dental and vision insurance programs, in the same manner as all other U.S. employees of Steelcase Inc. who are qualified retirees. We currently allow eligible U.S. retirees to continue to receive healthcare benefits, but we reserve the right to change or eliminate this benefit at any time. Retirees under age 65 are required to pay a portion of the cost of the medical coverage based on the participant’s retirement date, age and years of service. All retirees pay the full cost of dental and vision. Retirees age 65 or older and eligible for Medicare receive a fixed amount that can be used for reimbursement of any supplemental healthcare premiums and other eligible out-of-pocket expenses.
Severance and Change in Control Benefits
During fiscal year 2018, each of the named executive officers participated in our Executive Severance Plan, which provides for certain benefits in the event of certain terminations of employment with our company. This plan is intended to provide clarity to shareholders and executive management in the event of a severance and/or change in control, align the interests of executive management with the long-term interests of our shareholders, reinforce behavior that promotes maximum value in the event of any merger or acquisition activity and attract and retain executive management by maintaining competitive compensation programs. The value of the potential benefits under the Executive Severance Plan for each of the named executive officers as of the end of fiscal year 2018 is detailed in Executive Compensation, Retirement Programs and Other Arrangements under the heading “Termination or Change in Control Payments.”
Other Programs and Practices
Perquisites and Other Benefits
Our company provides very limited perquisites or other personal benefits to our named executive officers. The perquisites received in fiscal year 2018 by the named executive officers were: (1) an optional annual executive physical examination, (2) in the case of James P. Keane only, a home security system, (3) in the case of Eddy F. Schmitt only, round trip airfare for annual home leave for him and his family, pursuant to an agreement we entered into with him in fiscal year 2014, and (4) in the case of Sara E. Armbruster only, a $25 gift card given in recognition of her tenth anniversary with the company. The aggregate incremental cost to our company of the perquisites or other personal benefits received by the named executive officers, other than James P. Keane, in fiscal year 2018 was less than $10,000 per officer.
The named executive officers also may elect to participate in other benefit programs on the same terms as other U.S. employees of our company, including, but not limited to, medical, dental, vision, life and disability insurance, wellbeing offerings, charitable gift matching and discounts on company products.
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Stock Ownership Guidelines
The Compensation Committee established stock ownership guidelines to encourage stock ownership among our executives to further the objective of aligning our executives’ interests with those of our shareholders. Under these guidelines, our CEO is expected to own shares of our common stock having a current market value of not less than five times his base salary, and the other named executive officers are expected to own shares having a current market value of not less than two or three times their respective base salaries, depending on their position. The amount of holdings required by the guidelines was developed based on market comparisons and the premise that an executive should be able to satisfy the holding requirements by retaining shares awarded to the executive as compensation and without purchasing additional shares, assuming the applicable performance criteria for the share awards are satisfied. New executive officers are given a period of five fiscal years from their first annual award to meet their holding requirements in order to allow them an appropriate period of time to build their holdings through annual equity awards. Similarly, our CEO was given a period of five fiscal years from his appointment as CEO to meet his increased holding requirement.
In addition to shares owned by our executives, holdings which count toward satisfaction of their holding requirements include restricted units and performance units at target award levels during the performance period held by the executives. The Compensation Committee reviews compliance with the stock ownership guidelines annually. All of the named executive officers are in compliance with our stock ownership guidelines.
Speculative Transactions and Stock Pledging
We prohibit our directors and executive officers from engaging in speculative transactions involving our stock, including excessive trading, short sales or buying or selling puts or calls. In addition, our executive officers are prohibited from purchasing Company securities on margin, borrowing against Company securities in a margin account or otherwise pledging Company securities as collateral for a loan. Directors are also prohibited from engaging in such transactions unless (1) the applicable lender has agreed in writing that the securities will not be sold during any trading blackout period applicable to the director and (2) the specific transaction has been approved by the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee or the Chair of that committee. Any pledge arrangements by directors which were in place prior to the adoption of this prohibition in fiscal year 2013 may be continued in accordance with their terms; however, any renewals, extensions or modifications thereof will be subject to the requirements set forth in our Corporate Governance Principles.
Non-Compete and Other Forfeiture Provisions
One of the basic principles of the various compensation plans and programs which provide benefits to our named executive officers during or after their employment with us is that certain compensation or benefits will be forfeited or returned if the participant competes with us during a specified period after they leave our employment.
In addition, our Executive Severance Plan provides that in the event our financial results are materially restated, the Compensation Committee may review the circumstances surrounding the restatement and determine whether and which participants will forfeit the right to receive any future benefits and/or repay any prior benefits received under the plan. In the event of a material restatement due to fraud, if the Committee determines that a participant was responsible for or participated in the fraud, that participant will be required to forfeit any future benefits and repay any prior benefits paid in excess of the amounts that would have been paid based on our restated financial results. These are called “clawback” provisions, and the MIP and ICP have similar clawback provisions which apply only to those participants who also participate in the Executive Severance Plan.
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Tax Considerations
In making decisions regarding executive compensation, the Compensation Committee considered the tax deductibility of compensation based on Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code. Until the adoption of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) on December 22, 2017, Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code limited the tax deductibility of certain executive compensation in excess of $1,000,000 for any fiscal year, except for certain “performance-based compensation.” With the passage of the Tax Act, only qualifying performance-based compensation paid pursuant to a written binding contract in effect on November 2, 2017 (and not modified in any material respect on or after November 2, 2017) as set forth under the Tax Act will be eligible for this deduction exception. The Tax Act also expanded the executive officers covered by Section 162(m) to include the chief financial officer position as well as any person who ever was a covered executive for any prior taxable year, beginning after December 31, 2016. As a result of these changes, starting in our fiscal year 2019, most compensation in excess of $1,000,000 payable to any covered employee will not be deductible, regardless of whether the compensation is performance-based. In fiscal year 2019, the Compensation Committee intends to evaluate the impact of the changes to Section 162(m) under the Tax Act relative to our compensation practices and design.
Fiscal Year 2019 Changes
For fiscal year 2019, the Compensation Committee added an additional performance measure to the cash awards under our MIP which were awarded to our named executive officers. For the cash awards granted for fiscal year 2019, if our adjusted earnings per share exceeds or falls below the target earnings per share in our financial plan for fiscal year 2019 by more than 10%, the amount earned under the cash awards will be modified positively or negatively, respectively, by up to 50%. This change was made to more closely align the design of the annual incentive compensation for our named executive officers with achieving our planned business objectives while building upon our core profit-sharing philosophy.
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EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION, RETIREMENT PROGRAMS AND OTHER ARRANGEMENTS
This section and the tables in this section should be read in conjunction with the more detailed description of our executive compensation plans and arrangements included in the Compensation Discussion and Analysis.
Summary Compensation Table
The following table shows compensation information for the fiscal years indicated for (1) James P. Keane, our CEO, (2) David C. Sylvester, our Chief Financial Officer, and (3) our three other most highly paid executive officers as of the end of fiscal year 2018. In this proxy statement, we refer to these five executive officers collectively as the “named executive officers.”
Summary Compensation Table

Name and Principal Position | Fiscal Year | Salary | Stock Awards (1) | Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation (2) | Change in Pension Value and Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Earnings (3) | All Other Compensation (4) | Total
James P. Keane | 2018 |  | $ | 984,808 |  |  | $ | 2,343,413 |  |  | $ | 1,104,769 |  |  | $ | 66,701 |  |  | $ | 200,686 |  |  | $ | 4,700,377 |
President and Chief Executive Officer | 2017 |  | $ | 949,615 |  |  | $ | 2,400,600 |  |  | $ | 1,357,479 |  |  | $ | 125,473 |  |  | $ | 178,687 |  |  | $ | 5,011,854 |
2016 |  | $ | 882,692 |  |  | $ | 3,546,838 |  |  | $ | 1,284,429 |  |  | $ | 321,554 |  |  | $ | 142,456 |  |  | $ | 6,177,969 |
David C. Sylvester | 2018 |  | $ | 543,148 |  |  | $ | 765,240 |  |  | $ | 443,138 |  |  | $ | 39,186 |  |  | $ | 87,401 |  |  | $ | 1,878,113 |
Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer | 2017 |  | $ | 527,404 |  |  | $ | 844,303 |  |  | $ | 548,414 |  |  | $ | 93,134 |  |  | $ | 90,821 |  |  | $ | 2,104,076 |
2016 |  | $ | 512,404 |  |  | $ | 1,011,951 |  |  | $ | 606,589 |  |  | $ | 71,301 |  |  | $ | 81,094 |  |  | $ | 2,283,339 |
Lizbeth S. O’Shaughnessy | 2018 |  | $ | 462,365 |  |  | $ | 464,310 |  |  | $ | 282,897 |  |  | $ | 102,786 |  |  | $ | 64,679 |  |  | $ | 1,377,037 |
Senior Vice President, Chief Administrative Officer, General Counsel & Secretary | 2017 |  | $ | 442,854 |  |  | $ | 467,877 |  |  | $ | 345,373 |  |  | $ | 147,010 |  |  | $ | 66,110 |  |  | $ | 1,469,224 |
2016 |  | $ | 430,419 |  |  | $ | 614,106 |  |  | $ | 382,151 |  |  | $ | 92,662 |  |  | $ | 79,690 |  |  | $ | 1,599,028 |
Sara E. Armbruster | 2018 |  | $ | 438,867 |  |  | $ | 344,160 |  |  | $ | 268,543 |  |  | $ | 54,410 |  |  | $ | 61,803 |  |  | $ | 1,167,783 |
Vice President, Strategy, Research and Digital Transformation | 2017 |  | $ | 426,469 |  |  | $ | 348,962 |  |  | $ | 332,603 |  |  | $ | 106,759 |  |  | $ | 63,840 |  |  | $ | 1,278,633 |
2016 |  | $ | 416,781 |  |  | $ | 461,090 |  |  | $ | 370,061 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 58,065 |  |  | $ | 1,305,997 |
Eddy F. Schmitt | 2018 |  | $ | 383,409 |  |  | $ | 300,930 |  |  | $ | 195,511 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 50,172 |  |  | $ | 930,022 |
Senior Vice President, Americas | 2017 |  | $ | 373,236 |  |  | $ | 304,135 |  |  | $ | 242,564 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 80,843 |  |  | $ | 1,000,778 |
2016 |  | $ | 362,904 |  |  | $ | 281,367 |  |  | $ | 544,873 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 59,361 |  |  | $ | 1,248,505 |

(1) | The amounts shown in this column are the aggregate grant date fair values computed in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification Topic 718 for performance units and restricted units granted during the applicable fiscal year.

• | The grant date fair value of the performance units to be earned based on three-year TSR performance relative to a peer group was calculated using a Monte Carlo simulation fair value on the date of grant multiplied by the target number of shares that may be earned.

• | The grant date fair value of the restricted units was calculated using the closing price of our Class A Common Stock on the grant date multiplied by the number of shares underlying the restricted units.

• | The amounts shown in fiscal year 2016 includes the grant date fair value of the performance units to be earned based on three-year average ROIC performance and were calculated using the closing price of our Class A Common Stock on the grant date multiplied by the target number of shares that may be earned. Assuming that the highest level of performance conditions had been

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achieved, the value of the performance units granted in fiscal year 2016, using the grant date market price per share of our Class A Common Stock, would have been as follows: James P. Keane, $2,391,900; David C. Sylvester, $618,448; Lizbeth S. O’Shaughnessy, $375,290; Sara E. Armbruster, $281,792; and Eddy F. Schmitt, $171,838. We did not grant any performance units to be earned based on ROIC performance in fiscal years 2018 and 2017; during such years, we granted cash-based awards to be earned based on three-year average ROIC performance which will be reportable as “Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation” when earned.
The assumptions made in the valuation of such awards are disclosed in Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements included in our annual report on Form 10-K for fiscal year 2018 filed with the SEC on April 10, 2018.

(2) | The amounts shown in this column represent:

• | short-term MIP awards earned in the applicable fiscal year; and

• | for Eddy F. Schmitt in fiscal year 2016 only, the sum of: (1) the amount earned under a cash-based award granted in fiscal year 2014 which was earned based on our average ROIC performance over fiscal years 2014 through 2016 and (2) earnings for fiscal year 2016 on the remaining balance of a long-term MIP award earned in fiscal year 2013.

The short-term MIP awards were paid in cash shortly after the end of the applicable fiscal year. Mr. Schmitt’s cash-based award and the remaining balance of his long-term MIP award were paid in cash shortly after the end of fiscal year 2016. We maintained the unpaid amount of Mr. Schmitt’s long-term MIP award in an unfunded account which was credited with an annual rate of return.
The amounts shown in this column do not include any amounts related to the cash-based awards granted in fiscal years 2018 and 2017, which will be earned based on our average ROIC performance over fiscal years 2018 through 2020 and 2017 through 2019, respectively, as such awards are reportable when earned.

(3) | The amounts shown in this column represent the net change in actuarial present value of the applicable officer’s accumulated benefit under our Executive Supplemental Retirement Plan. These changes are primarily driven by the applicable officer’s period of service and changes in the terms of the plan, compensation and the discount rate and reflect the following: (a) in fiscal year 2018, an increase in the discount rate from 3.5% to 3.8%, (b) in fiscal year 2017, a decrease in the discount rate from 3.7% to 3.5%, and (c) in fiscal year 2016, an increase in the discount rate from 3.2% to 3.7%. For fiscal year 2016, the change in actuarial present value of the accumulated benefit under the Executive Supplemental Retirement Plan for Sara E. Armbruster was a reduction of $16,340, so the amount is reflected as zero in accordance with the SEC’s rules and regulations. Eddy F. Schmitt is not a participant in the Executive Supplemental Retirement Plan. Earnings under our Restoration Retirement Plan and Deferred Compensation Plan are not included because they are not earned at a preferential rate.

(4) | The amounts shown in this column for fiscal year 2018 include the following:

Name | Company Contributions under Retirement or Pension Plans | Life Insurance Premiums | Other | Total All Other Compensation
James P. Keane | $ | 187,291 |  |  | $ | 125 |  |  | $ | 13,270 |  |  | $ | 200,686 |
David C. Sylvester | $ | 87,276 |  |  | $ | 125 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 87,401 |
Lizbeth S. O’Shaughnessy | $ | 64,554 |  |  | $ | 125 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 64,679 |
Sara E. Armbruster | $ | 61,678 |  |  | $ | 125 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 61,803 |
Eddy F. Schmitt | $ | 50,047 |  |  | $ | 125 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 50,172 |

For James P. Keane, the amount shown in the “Other” column relates to home security.
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Incentive Compensation Awards
The following table shows the awards granted to the named executive officers during fiscal year 2018 under our incentive compensation plans.
Fiscal Year 2018 Grants of Plan-Based Awards

Name | Grant Date | Estimated Future Payouts Under Non-Equity Incentive Plan Awards | Estimated Future Payouts Under Equity Incentive Plan Awards | All Other Stock Awards | Grant Date Fair Value of Stock and Option Awards
Threshold | Target | Maximum | Threshold | Target | Maximum
James P. Keane | 4/13/2017 (1) | $ | — |  | $ | 1,083,107 |  | $ | 2,166,214 |  |  |  |  |  |
4/13/2017 (2) | $ | — |  | $ | 1,206,000 |  | $ | 2,412,000 |  |  |  |  |  |
4/13/2017 (3) |  |  |  | 36,950 |  | 73,900 |  | 147,800 |  |  | $ | 1,549,683 |
4/13/2017 (4) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 49,300 |  | $ | 793,730 |
David C. Sylvester | 4/11/2017 (1) | $ | — |  | $ | 434,449 |  | $ | 868,898 |  |  |  |  |  |
4/11/2017 (2) | $ | — |  | $ | 319,590 |  | $ | 639,180 |  |  |  |  |  |
4/11/2017 (3) |  |  |  | 9,800 |  | 19,600 |  | 39,200 |  |  | $ | 441,000 |
4/11/2017 (4) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 19,300 |  | $ | 324,240 |
Lizbeth S. O’Shaughnessy | 4/11/2017 (1) | $ | — |  | $ | 277,350 |  | $ | 554,700 |  |  |  |  |  |
4/11/2017 (2) | $ | — |  | $ | 193,797 |  | $ | 387,594 |  |  |  |  |  |
4/11/2017 (3) |  |  |  | 5,950 |  | 11,900 |  | 23,800 |  |  | $ | 267,750 |
4/11/2017 (4) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 11,700 |  | $ | 196,560 |
Sara E. Armbruster | 4/11/2017 (1) | $ | — |  | $ | 263,278 |  | $ | 526,556 |  |  |  |  |  |
4/11/2017 (2) | $ | — |  | $ | 143,447 |  | $ | 286,894 |  |  |  |  |  |
4/11/2017 (3) |  |  |  | 4,400 |  | 8,800 |  | 17,600 |  |  | $ | 198,000 |
4/11/2017 (4) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8,700 |  | $ | 146,160 |
Eddy F. Schmitt | 4/11/2017 (1) | $ | — |  | $ | 191,677 |  | $ | 383,354 |  |  |  |  |  |
4/11/2017 (2) | $ | — |  | $ | 125,671 |  | $ | 251,342 |  |  |  |  |  |
4/11/2017 (3) |  |  |  | 3,850 |  | 7,700 |  | 15,400 |  |  | $ | 173,250 |
4/11/2017 (4) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7,600 |  | $ | 127,680 |

(1) | These lines show the potential payout opportunity for short-term MIP awards for fiscal year 2018. Following the end of fiscal year 2018, actual performance resulted in these awards being earned at 102% of target and paid in cash. The actual amounts earned were: James P. Keane, $1,104,769 David C. Sylvester, $443,138; Lizbeth S. O’Shaughnessy, $282,897; Sara E. Armbruster, $268,543; and Eddy F. Schmitt, $195,511.

(2) | These lines show the potential payout opportunity for cash-based awards made under our Incentive Compensation Plan which are to be earned based on average ROIC performance over fiscal years 2018 through 2020.

(3) | These lines show performance unit awards made under our Incentive Compensation Plan which are to be earned based on three-year TSR performance relative to a peer group. The grant date fair value was calculated using a Monte Carlo simulation fair value on the date of grant multiplied by the target number of shares that may be earned.

(4) | These lines show restricted unit awards made under our Incentive Compensation Plan. The grant date fair value was calculated using the closing price of our Class A Common Stock on the grant date multiplied by the number of shares underlying the restricted units.

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MIP Awards
The short-term MIP awards granted for fiscal year 2018 were based on ROIC achievement compared to a target of 11.0%. In March 2018, the Compensation Committee certified the performance results, and the awards were earned at 102% of target.
Cash-Based Awards
The cash-based awards granted in fiscal year 2018 will be earned based on the achievement of our average ROIC over fiscal years 2018 through 2020. ROIC equals our net operating profit after tax divided by average invested capital. The levels of average ROIC performance that would result in the award of threshold, target or maximum dollar amounts are as shown in the following table, with interpolation used in the event that the actual result does not fall directly on a percentage listed in the table. If average ROIC performance falls below the threshold, no cash would be earned.

Performance Measure | Threshold | Target | Maximum
Three-Year Average ROIC | 0.0% | 11.0% | 16.0%

Performance Unit Awards
The performance unit awards granted in fiscal year 2018 will be earned based on the achievement of certain TSR levels for fiscal years 2018 through 2020 relative to the companies within the S&P MidCap 400 Index. TSR includes the change in trading price and dividends paid during the performance period, and the trading price change is calculated using a 90-day average immediately prior to the beginning and end of the performance period. The levels of relative TSR performance that would result in the award of the threshold, target or maximum number of shares are as shown in the following table, with interpolation used in the event that the actual percentile does not fall directly on a percentile listed in the table. If relative TSR performance falls below the threshold, no shares would be earned.

Performance Measure | Threshold | Target | Maximum
Relative TSR | 30 th percentile | 50 th percentile | 80 th percentile

At the end of fiscal year 2020, the number of performance units earned, if any, will be settled in shares of our Class A Common Stock. Dividend equivalents will be paid on the number of shares actually earned at the end of the performance period.
Restricted Unit Awards
Each of the named executive officers received a restricted unit award in fiscal year 2018 which will vest in full and be settled in shares of our Class A Common Stock at the end of fiscal year 2020. Dividend equivalents will be paid on the restricted units during the vesting period.
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Outstanding Equity Awards
The following table shows the equity awards granted to the named executive officers under our Incentive Compensation Plan which remained outstanding at the end of fiscal year 2018, consisting of unvested restricted units and unearned performance units. The market values shown in the table are based on the closing price of our Class A Common Stock at the end of fiscal year 2018 of $14.65 per share.
Fiscal Year 2018 Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End

Name | Stock Awards
Number of Shares or Units of Stock That Have Not Vested | Market Value of Shares or Units of Stock That Have Not Vested | Equity Incentive Plan Awards: Number of Unearned Shares, Units or Other Rights That Have Not Vested | Equity Incentive Plan Awards: Market or Payout Value of Unearned Shares, Units or Other Rights That Have Not Vested
James P. Keane: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Restricted units | 60,000 (1) |  | $ | 879,000 |  |  |  |  |
Restricted units | 49,300 (2) |  | $ | 722,245 |  |  |  |  |
Performance units |  |  |  |  | 45,000 (3) |  | $ | 659,250 |
Performance units |  |  |  |  | 36,950 (4) |  | $ | 541,318 |
David C. Sylvester: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Restricted units | 24,800 (1) |  | $ | 363,320 |  |  |  |  |
Restricted units | 5,000 (1) |  | $ | 73,250 |  |  |  |  |
Restricted units | 19,300 (2) |  | $ | 282,745 |  |  |  |  |
Performance units |  |  |  |  | 12,550 (3) |  | $ | 183,858 |
Performance units |  |  |  |  | 9,800 (4) |  | $ | 143,570 |
Lizbeth S. O’Shaughnessy: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Restricted units | 15,000 (1) |  | $ | 219,750 |  |  |  |  |
Restricted units | 11,700 (2) |  | $ | 171,405 |  |  |  |  |
Performance units |  |  |  |  | 7,650 (3) |  | $ | 112,073 |
Performance units |  |  |  |  | 5,950 (4) |  | $ | 87,168 |
Sara E. Armbruster: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Restricted units | 11,200 (1) |  | $ | 164,080 |  |  |  |  |
Restricted units | 8,700 (2) |  | $ | 127,455 |  |  |  |  |
Performance units |  |  |  |  | 5,700 (3) |  | $ | 83,505 |
Performance units |  |  |  |  | 4,400 (4) |  | $ | 64,460 |
Eddy F. Schmitt: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Restricted units | 9,800 (1) |  | $ | 143,570 |  |  |  |  |
Restricted units | 7,600 (2) |  | $ | 111,340 |  |  |  |  |
Performance units |  |  |  |  | 4,950 (3) |  | $ | 72,518 |
Performance units |  |  |  |  | 3,850 (4) |  | $ | 56,403 |

(1) | These restricted units will vest at the end of fiscal year 2019.

(2) | These restricted units will vest at the end of fiscal year 2020.

(3) | These performance units will be earned based on our TSR performance relative to a peer group over fiscal years 2017 through 2019 and, if earned, will vest in full at the end of fiscal year 2019. Because the performance as of the end of fiscal year 2018 was below the threshold performance goal for these awards, the number of shares and market values shown in the Equity Incentive Plan Awards columns are based upon the threshold number of shares under the award in accordance with the SEC’s rules

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and regulations. The threshold number of shares will only be earned if our TSR performance equals or exceeds the 30th percentile of the peer group.

(4) | These performance units will be earned based on our TSR performance relative to a peer group over fiscal years 2018 through 2020 and, if earned, will vest in full at the end of fiscal year 2020. Because the performance as of the end of fiscal year 2018 was below the threshold performance goal for these awards, the number of shares and market values shown in the Equity Incentive Plan Awards columns are based upon the threshold number of shares under the award in accordance with the SEC’s rules and regulations. The threshold number of shares will only be earned if our TSR performance equals or exceeds the 30th percentile of the peer group.

Stock Award Vesting
The following table shows the stock awards (consisting of restricted units and/or performance units) previously granted to the named executive officers which vested during fiscal year 2018.
Fiscal Year 2018 Stock Vested

Name | Stock Awards
Number of Shares Acquired on Vesting | Value Realized on Vesting (1)
James P. Keane | 141,950 |  |  | $ | 2,034,815 |
David C. Sylvester | 42,288 |  |  | $ | 607,855 |
Lizbeth S. O’Shaughnessy | 25,663 |  |  | $ | 368,885 |
Sara E. Armbruster | 19,268 |  |  | $ | 276,962 |
Eddy F. Schmitt | 11,744 |  |  | $ | 168,811 |

(1) | The amounts shown in this column are calculated by multiplying (a) the closing market price of our Class A Common Stock on the date of vesting by (b) the number of shares vested. These values do not reflect any deduction for shares forfeited to cover applicable tax withholding.

Pension Benefits
The following table shows information regarding each plan that provides for payments or other benefits to the named executive officers at, following or in connection with retirement.
Fiscal Year 2018 Pension Benefits

Name | Plan Name | Number of Years Credited Service (1) | Present Value of Accumulated Benefit (2)
James P. Keane | Executive Supplemental Retirement Plan | 16 | $ | 2,881,753 |
David C. Sylvester | Executive Supplemental Retirement Plan | 10 | $ | 2,020,270 |
Lizbeth S. O’Shaughnessy | Executive Supplemental Retirement Plan | 7 | $ | 2,023,861 |
Sara E. Armbruster | Executive Supplemental Retirement Plan | 5 | $ | 1,306,352 |
Eddy F. Schmitt | None | — | $ | — |

(1) | The numbers shown in this column represent the number of full years the executive officer has participated in the plan as of the end of fiscal year 2018. Benefits under this plan are based on age and years of service with our company, as well as a vesting schedule, as described in the narrative following this table.

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(2) | The amounts shown in this column represent the actuarial present value of the executive officer’s accumulated benefits under the plan as of the end of fiscal year 2018. These amounts were calculated using the same assumptions used for financial reporting purposes under generally accepted accounting principles, which assumptions include that retirement will occur at normal retirement age or, if earlier, the time when retirement benefits are fully vested and the executive officer becomes eligible for early retirement, as described below.

Executive Supplemental Retirement Plan
Our Executive Supplemental Retirement Plan, or SERP, is an unfunded plan that provides certain defined benefits to participants who are approved by the Compensation Committee. Participants do not make contributions to the SERP, which pays the following benefits following a qualifying retirement, death or total disability:

• | five annual payments equal to the sum of (1) 70% of the participant’s average base salary for the three consecutive calendar years through calendar year 2015 or through the participant’s final vesting year, if later, plus (2) $50,000, followed by

• | ten annual payments of $50,000.

A participant is eligible for normal retirement from the company under the SERP at age 65. A participant is eligible for early retirement from the company under the SERP when the participant’s age plus years of service with our company equals or exceeds 80. None of the named executive officers is age 65 or older, but Lizbeth S. O’Shaughnessy meets the requirements for early retirement.
Participants are fully vested in the SERP after seven years of participation in the plan, with partial vesting beginning at 20% after three years of participation and increasing 20% per year thereafter. For example, after five years of participation in the SERP, a participant is 60% vested and would receive payments equal to 60% of the amounts described above if he or she died, became totally disabled or qualified for retirement and retired at that point.
Deferred Compensation
The following table shows information for fiscal year 2018 regarding each plan under which compensation may be deferred on a basis that is not tax-qualified.
Fiscal Year 2018 Nonqualified Deferred Compensation

Name | Executive Contributions in Last FY | Registrant Contributions in Last FY (1) | Aggregate Earnings in Last FY (2) | Aggregate Balance at Last FYE (3)
James P. Keane | $ | — |  |  | $ | 165,691 |  |  | $ | 62,323 |  |  | $ | 840,884 |
David C. Sylvester | $ | — |  |  | $ | 65,676 |  |  | $ | 40,865 |  |  | $ | 369,502 |
Lizbeth S. O’Shaughnessy | $ | — |  |  | $ | 42,954 |  |  | $ | 30,837 |  |  | $ | 278,563 |
Sara E. Armbruster | $ | — |  |  | $ | 40,078 |  |  | $ | 42,916 |  |  | $ | 359,370 |
Eddy F. Schmitt | $ | — |  |  | $ | 28,447 |  |  | $ | 2,435 |  |  | $ | 165,483 |

(1) | The amounts shown in this column are the amounts we contributed to the officers’ accounts under our Restoration Retirement Plan for fiscal year 2018. All of such amounts are reported as compensation for the officers in fiscal year 2018 in the All Other Compensation column of the Summary Compensation Table.

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(2) | The amounts shown in this column are the earnings in the officers’ accounts under both our Deferred Compensation Plan and our Restoration Retirement Plan. These amounts are not reported in the Summary Compensation Table because the earnings are not preferential.

(3) | The amounts shown in this column are the combined balance of the applicable executive officer’s accounts under our Deferred Compensation Plan and our Restoration Retirement Plan. Of the amounts contributed to these plans, $529,994 for James P. Keane, $248,672 for David C. Sylvester, $137,484 for Lizbeth S. O’Shaughnessy, $171,671 for Sara E. Armbruster and $38,013 for Eddy F. Schmitt were reported as compensation in Summary Compensation Tables in our proxy statements for previous fiscal years.

Deferred Compensation Plan
Under our Deferred Compensation Plan, participants may elect to defer up to 50% of their base salary and/or up to 75% of their short-term award under our MIP into an unfunded account with our company on a tax-deferred basis. Our company does not make any contributions to the Deferred Compensation Plan. Funds deferred under the Deferred Compensation Plan are deemed invested in one or more investment funds selected by the participant and are payable to the participant after termination of employment in either a lump sum or installments, at the election of the participant.
Restoration Retirement Plan
Our Restoration Retirement Plan is a non-qualified defined contribution plan which is unfunded. Participants in our MIP for whom contributions to our Retirement Plan are limited by Section 401(a)(17) of the Internal Revenue Code may participate in the Restoration Retirement Plan. In fiscal year 2018, we made a matching contribution and an annual contribution to each participant’s bookkeeping account under the Restoration Retirement Plan at the same rate of contribution as our Retirement Plan. The vesting period for our contributions to the Restoration Retirement Plan is two years. Participants select from several investment fund options for their accounts under the plan, and the rate of return is based on those selections. Following termination of employment, a participant’s account balance in the Restoration Retirement Plan, to the extent vested, is paid out to the participant either in a lump sum or installments, at the election of the participant.
Termination or Change in Control Payments
The following table shows the estimated payments that would have been made to the named executive officers if a termination of employment and/or change in control had happened on February 23, 2018, the last day of our fiscal year 2018.
The various circumstances under which payments would have been made are categorized as follows:

• | Retirement - meaning the officer voluntarily terminated his or her employment and was eligible for retirement or early retirement benefits under the applicable plan, which generally occurs when the officer’s age plus continuous years of service equals or exceeds 80. Lizbeth S. O’Shaughnessy was the only named executive officer who was eligible to receive certain retirement or early retirement benefits as of February 23, 2018, so we do not present any information about payments that would be made upon retirement to any of the other named executive officers.

• | Death or disability – meaning the officer died or the officer’s employment terminated due to a “disability” or “total disability,” as defined in the applicable plans.

• | Termination without cause – meaning we terminated the officer’s employment without “cause,” as defined in the applicable plans.

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• | Change in control – meaning a “change in control” of our company, as defined in the applicable plans, had taken place, regardless of whether or not the officer’s employment terminated.

• | Termination after change in control – meaning the officer’s employment terminated within two years after a change in control either (a) by us or our successor without cause or (b) by the officer for “good reason,” as defined in the applicable plans. The amounts reflected in the following table for a termination after change in control would be reduced by those amounts which had been paid to the officer upon the change in control which preceded his or her termination.

Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in Control

Name and Triggering Event | Severance Payment (1) | Long-Term Incentive Awards (2) | SERP (3) | Other Benefits (4) | Total
James P. Keane |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Death or disability | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,080,681 |  |  | $ | 2,991,260 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,071,941 |
Termination without cause | $ | 4,158,000 |  |  | $ | 1,601,245 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 51,582 |  |  | $ | 5,810,827 |
Change in control | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,796,769 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,796,769 |
Termination after change in control | $ | 6,237,000 |  |  | $ | 6,796,769 |  |  | $ | 2,991,260 |  |  | $ | 51,582 |  |  | $ | 16,076,611 |
David C. Sylvester: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Death or disability | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,391,549 |  |  | $ | 2,176,728 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,568,277 |
Termination without cause | $ | 982,620 |  |  | $ | 719,315 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 51,582 |  |  | $ | 1,753,517 |
Change in control | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,119,892 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,119,892 |
Termination after change in control | $ | 1,965,240 |  |  | $ | 2,119,892 |  |  | $ | 2,176,728 |  |  | $ | 51,582 |  |  | $ | 6,313,442 |
Lizbeth S. O’Shaughnessy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Retirement | $ | — |  |  | $ | 822,332 |  |  | $ | 2,023,861 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,846,193 |
Death or disability | $ | — |  |  | $ | 799,103 |  |  | $ | 2,023,861 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,822,964 |
Termination without cause | $ | 745,600 |  |  | $ | 391,155 |  |  | $ | 2,023,861 |  |  | $ | 30,374 |  |  | $ | 3,190,990 |
Change in control | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,242,028 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,242,028 |
Termination after change in control | $ | 1,491,200 |  |  | $ | 1,242,028 |  |  | $ | 2,023,861 |  |  | $ | 30,374 |  |  | $ | 4,787,463 |
Sara E. Armbruster |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Death or disability | $ | — |  |  | $ | 594,664 |  |  | $ | 1,181,360 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,776,024 |
Termination without cause | $ | 705,760 |  |  | $ | 291,535 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 51,251 |  |  | $ | 1,048,546 |
Change in control | $ | — |  |  | $ | 923,208 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 923,208 |
Termination after change in control | $ | 1,411,520 |  |  | $ | 923,208 |  |  | $ | 1,527,975 |  |  | $ | 51,251 |  |  | $ | 3,913,954 |
Eddy F. Schmitt |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Death or disability | $ | — |  |  | $ | 519,016 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 519,016 |
Termination without cause | $ | 577,710 |  |  | $ | 254,910 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 51,582 |  |  | $ | 884,202 |
Change in control | $ | — |  |  | $ | 805,851 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 805,851 |
Termination after change in control | $ | 1,155,420 |  |  | $ | 805,851 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 51,582 |  |  | $ | 2,012,853 |

(1) | Severance Payment: The amounts shown in this column reflect the severance payments that would be made pursuant to our Executive Severance Plan:

•For our CEO:

◦ | in the event of a termination without cause, two times the sum of (a) his base salary on the date of termination plus (b) his target short-term award under our MIP for the year; and

◦ | in the event of a termination after change in control, three times the sum of (a) and (b).

•For each of the other named executive officers:

◦ | in the event of a termination without cause, the sum of (a) his or her base salary on the date of termination plus (b) his or her target short-term award under our MIP for the year; and

◦ | in the event of a termination after change in control, two times the sum of (a) and (b).

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(2) | Long-Term Incentive Awards: The amounts shown in this column are the value of the officers’ unvested restricted units, unearned performance units and unearned cash-based awards that would vest or pay out under certain circumstances pursuant to the ICP.

In the case of retirement, an officer’s unvested restricted units, unearned performance units and unearned cash-based awards continue to vest and be earned in accordance with their terms following retirement. For Lizbeth S. O’Shaughnessy, the amount shown in the “Retirement” row represents the sum of: (a) the number of restricted stock units she held as of February 23, 2018, multiplied by the market price of our Class A Common Stock on that date, (b) the value of the performance units she held as of February 23, 2018, based on the level of performance through that date compared to the performance goals for those awards and using the market price of our Class A Common Stock on that date, and (c) the value of the cash-based awards she held as of February 23, 2018, based on the level of performance through that date compared to the performance goals for those awards.
In the case of a change in control or termination after change in control, the amounts shown reflect the amounts payable in the scenario where the acquiring company does not assume or provide substitution for the long-term incentive awards. Under the terms of the awards, the cash-based awards and performance units would have been payable based on the greater of (a) the target level of performance or (b) the actual performance through the end of fiscal year 2018.

(3) | SERP: The amounts shown in this column in the “Retirement” and “Termination without cause” rows for Lizbeth S. O’Shaughnessy represent the present value of the benefits she would receive under our Executive Supplemental Retirement Plan in such events, as shown in the Fiscal Year 2018 Pension Benefits Table.

The amounts shown in this column in the “Death or disability” row for each officer represent the present value of the benefits each would receive under the Executive Supplemental Retirement Plan in the event of death or disability.
The amounts shown in this column in the “Termination after change in control” row for each officer are the payments that would be made to the officer pursuant to our Executive Severance Plan with regard to our Executive Supplemental Retirement Plan in the event of a termination after change in control. These payments represent the present value of the benefits the officer would receive under our Executive Supplemental Retirement Plan following retirement, prorated to the extent the officer does not qualify for normal or early retirement at the time of the change in control, but with an additional three years of service and age credited in the case of our CEO or two years of service and age credited in the case of our other named executive officers.
Eddy F. Schmitt is not a participant in the Executive Supplemental Retirement Plan.

(4) | Other Benefits: The amounts shown in this column for each officer are the sum of:

• | the estimated cost to our company of outplacement services that would be provided to the officer for up to 18 months following termination pursuant to the Executive Severance Plan; and

• | a lump sum payment that would be made under the Executive Severance Plan equal to the premiums that the officer would need to pay to continue health plan coverage for himself or herself and his or her eligible dependents under our benefit plans for a period of 18 months and are as follows: James P. Keane, $31,832; David C. Sylvester, $31,832; Lizbeth S. O’Shaughnessy, $10,624; Sara E. Armbruster, $31,501; and Eddy F. Schmitt $31,832.

In addition to the amounts shown in the Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in Control table, the named executive officers would receive:

• | any base salary and vacation pay which had been earned through the end of the fiscal year but not yet paid or used;

• | their short-term MIP awards for fiscal year 2018, not as severance or an acceleration of benefits but because they were employees for the full fiscal year;

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• | the vested balance of their accounts under our Retirement Plan, which is available generally to all U.S. employees and does not discriminate in favor of the executive officers;

• | the vested balance of their accounts under the Restoration Retirement Plan and the balance of their accounts under the Deferred Compensation Plan, both of which are shown in the Fiscal Year 2018 Nonqualified Deferred Compensation table; and

• | other welfare benefits, such as a death benefit in the event of death of the employee, which are available generally to all U.S. employees of Steelcase Inc.

Generally, the amounts reflected in the Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in Control table would be paid to the applicable officer in a lump sum following termination of employment or change in control, pursuant to the terms of the applicable plans; however, portions of such amounts would be paid six months after the applicable triggering date and two years after the applicable triggering date. In addition, certain of the amounts reflected in the table are subject to forfeiture in the event the officer competes with us or in the event of certain restatements of our financial statements. See Compensation Discussion and Analysis under the heading “Other Programs and Practices - Non-compete and Other Forfeiture Provisions” for a discussion of these conditions.
CEO Pay Ratio
For fiscal year 2018:

• | the annual total compensation of the employee whose compensation was at the median of all employees of our company other than our CEO (we refer to this employee as our “median paid employee”) was $45,073; and

• | the annual total compensation of James P. Keane, our President and CEO, was $4,700,377.

Based on this information, the ratio of the annual total compensation of our CEO to the annual total compensation of our median paid employee was 104 to 1. This ratio is a reasonable estimate calculated in accordance with Item 402(u) of Regulation S-K.
To identify our median paid employee, we analyzed our employee population as of December 29, 2017, which was the end of a fiscal month within the last three months of fiscal year 2018. Our total employee population on that date was approximately 12,400. We excluded 41 employees of AMQ Solutions, a company which we acquired in December 2017.
We identified our median paid employee based on gross earnings for calendar year 2017, which included gross wages, bonus payments, stock compensation vesting and taxable benefits. Compensation earned in currencies other than U.S. dollars was translated into U.S. dollars using average foreign exchange rates during calendar year 2017.
Once we identified our median paid employee, we determined that employee’s annual total compensation, using the methodology for calculating total compensation for the Summary Compensation Table, and compared that to the annual total compensation of our CEO, as disclosed in the Summary Compensation Table.
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PROPOSAL 3 – RATIFICATION OF
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The Audit Committee appoints an independent registered public accounting firm each fiscal year to audit our financial statements and internal control over financial reporting. The Committee has appointed Deloitte & Touche LLP to serve as our independent auditor for fiscal year 2019, and as a matter of good corporate governance, our Board of Directors is asking our shareholders to ratify that appointment. This vote is advisory, which means that it is not binding on our company or our Board of Directors. If our shareholders do not ratify the appointment of Deloitte & Touche LLP, the Audit Committee will reconsider such appointment. The affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast at the Meeting for this proposal is required to approve this Proposal 3.
Deloitte & Touche LLP served as our independent auditor for fiscal year 2018 and has been our independent auditor since fiscal year 2010. Representatives of Deloitte & Touche LLP will attend the Meeting, have an opportunity to make a statement if they desire to do so and respond to appropriate questions.
THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS RECOMMENDS A VOTE FOR THE RATIFICATION OF DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP AS THE COMPANY’S INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM FOR FISCAL YEAR 2019.
FEES PAID TO PRINCIPAL INDEPENDENT AUDITOR
The fees billed by Deloitte & Touche LLP for fiscal year 2018 (estimated) and fiscal year 2017 (actual) for work performed for us are as follows:

Type of Fees | Fiscal Year 2018 (estimated) | Fiscal Year 2017 (actual)
Audit Fees | $ | 2,268,000 |  |  | $ | 2,192,000 |
Audit-Related Fees | — |  |  | — |
Tax Fees | 1,109,000 |  |  | 1,132,000 |
All Other Fees | 45,000 |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 3,422,000 |  |  | $ | 3,324,000 |

Audit fees consisted of fees related to the annual audit of our consolidated financial statements, the annual audit of our internal control over financial reporting, reviews of the financial statements included in quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, other services related to SEC reporting matters and audits of separate financial statements of subsidiaries and other consolidated entities.
Tax fees consisted of fees related to consultation services for expatriate employees, corporate tax compliance and consulting services and tax planning services, primarily related to our international subsidiaries.
All other fees consisted of fees for services related to a SOC 2 consulting engagement and an education session for the Audit Committee.
Our Audit Committee determined that providing the services reflected in the above table was compatible with the maintenance of the independence of Deloitte & Touche LLP.
Our Audit Committee has a policy under which it approves in advance audit, audit-related, tax and other services rendered by the principal independent auditor, subject to specific fee limits. If circumstances require hiring the independent auditor for services not previously pre-approved or that
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would exceed the fee limits previously set, the Audit Committee must pre-approve the new services or fee limits. The Audit Committee Chair may pre-approve specified services between regularly scheduled meetings of the Audit Committee, subject to review by the full Audit Committee at its next scheduled meeting. All of the fiscal year 2018 services and fees reflected in the above table were pre-approved by the Audit Committee.
AUDIT COMMITTEE REPORT
Management is responsible for the Company’s financial reporting process and its internal controls regarding financial reporting, accounting, legal compliance and ethics. Deloitte & Touche LLP, the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ended February 23, 2018 (the “independent auditor”), is responsible for performing independent audits of the Company’s consolidated financial statements and its internal control over financial reporting and issuing opinions on:

• | the conformity of those audited financial statements with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America; and

• | the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Our Committee’s role is to serve as an independent and objective party to monitor these processes on behalf of the Board of Directors and to review the audit efforts of the Company’s internal and independent auditors.
In this context, we discussed with the independent auditor the matters required to be discussed by the applicable standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board. In addition, we received the written disclosures and letter from the independent auditor required by applicable requirements of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding the independent auditor’s communications with the Committee concerning independence, and we reviewed, evaluated and discussed the written report and letter with that firm, as well as its independence with respect to the Company.
We discussed with the Company’s internal and independent auditors the overall scope and plans for their respective audits. We also reviewed and discussed with management the Company’s audited financial statements. We met with the internal and independent auditors, with and without management present, to discuss the results of their examinations, their evaluations of the Company’s internal control, and the overall quality of the Company’s financial reporting.
Based on the review and discussions referred to above, and relying on the representations of the Company’s management and the independent auditor’s report, our Committee recommended to the Board of Directors that the audited financial statements be included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended February 23, 2018 for filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Audit Committee
Lawrence J. Blanford (Chair)
David W. Joos
Todd P. Kelsey
Cathy D. Ross
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