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SECURITIES
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2023
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
SECURITIES
The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses and estimated fair value of securities at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are summarized as follows (in thousands):
 March 31, 2023
 Amortized CostFair Value
Trading:
Corporate bonds$27,203 $28,591 
$27,203 $28,591 
 March 31, 2023
 Amortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesFair Value
Available-for-Sale:
U.S. Government and agency obligations$53,689 $10 $(1,111)$52,588 
Municipal bonds205,152 482 (31,913)173,721 
Corporate bonds133,269 — (15,865)117,404 
Mortgage-backed or related securities2,425,602 1,647 (335,040)2,092,209 
Asset-backed securities222,499 269 (4,830)217,938 
 $3,040,211 $2,408 $(388,759)$2,653,860 
 March 31, 2023
 Amortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesFair ValueAllowance for Credit Losses
Held-to-Maturity:
U.S. Government and agency obligations$310 $$(5)$306 $— 
Municipal bonds501,361 358 (59,063)442,656 (173)
Corporate bonds2,929 — (19)2,910 (191)
Mortgage-backed or related securities605,359 — (94,169)511,190 — 
$1,109,959 $359 $(153,256)$957,062 $(364)
December 31, 2022
Amortized CostFair Value
Trading:
Corporate bonds$27,203 $28,694 
$27,203 $28,694 

December 31, 2022
Amortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesFair Value
Available-for-Sale:
U.S. Government and agency obligations$56,344 $$(1,244)$55,108 
Municipal bonds301,449 530 (40,770)261,209 
Corporate bonds133,334 — (11,481)121,853 
Mortgage-backed or related securities2,505,172 885 (366,721)2,139,336 
Asset-backed securities222,478 40 (10,993)211,525 
$3,218,777 $1,463 $(431,209)$2,789,031 

December 31, 2022
Amortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesFair ValueAllowance for Credit Losses
Held-to-Maturity:
U.S. Government and agency obligations$312 $— $(7)$305 $— 
Municipal bonds503,117 109 (70,907)432,319 (183)
Corporate bonds2,961 — (16)2,945 (196)
Mortgage-backed or related securities611,577 — (104,966)506,611 — 
$1,117,967 $109 $(175,896)$942,180 $(379)

Accrued interest receivable on held-to-maturity debt securities was $4.4 million and $4.8 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and was $11.9 million and $12.4 million on available-for-sale debt securities at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Accrued interest receivable on securities is reported in accrued interest receivable on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and is excluded from the calculation of the allowance for credit losses.

At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the gross unrealized losses and the fair value for securities available-for-sale aggregated by the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position were as follows (in thousands):
March 31, 2023
Less Than 12 Months12 Months or MoreTotal
Fair ValueUnrealized LossesFair ValueUnrealized LossesFair ValueUnrealized Losses
Available-for-Sale:
U.S. Government and agency obligations
$24,785 $(216)$23,739 $(895)$48,524 $(1,111)
Municipal bonds
49,555 (1,218)106,391 (30,695)155,946 (31,913)
Corporate bonds
42,252 (4,953)74,552 (10,912)116,804 (15,865)
Mortgage-backed or related securities
403,356 (19,053)1,558,227 (315,987)1,961,583 (335,040)
Asset-backed securities
123,691 (2,118)83,914 (2,712)207,605 (4,830)
$643,639 $(27,558)$1,846,823 $(361,201)$2,490,462 $(388,759)
December 31, 2022
Less Than 12 Months12 Months or MoreTotal
Fair Value Unrealized LossesFair ValueUnrealized LossesFair ValueUnrealized Losses
Available-for-Sale:
U.S. Government and agency obligations
$33,407 $(882)$16,732 $(362)$50,139 $(1,244)
Municipal bonds
188,920 (25,592)33,907 (15,178)222,827 (40,770)
Corporate bonds
108,187 (9,547)13,066 (1,934)121,253 (11,481)
Mortgage-backed or related securities
930,566 (90,537)1,159,110 (276,184)2,089,676 (366,721)
Asset-backed securities
201,437 (10,993)— — 201,437 (10,993)
$1,462,517 $(137,551)$1,222,815 $(293,658)$2,685,332 $(431,209)

At March 31, 2023, there were 259 securities—available-for-sale with unrealized losses, compared to 298 at December 31, 2022.  Management does not believe that any individual unrealized loss as of March 31, 2023 or December 31, 2022 resulted from credit loss.  The decline in fair market value of these securities was generally due to changes in interest rates and changes in market-desired spreads subsequent to their purchase.

There were no sales of securities—trading during the three months ended March 31, 2023 or 2022. There were no securities—trading in a nonaccrual status at March 31, 2023 or December 31, 2022.  Net unrealized holding losses of $103,000 were recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $373,000 of net unrealized holding gains recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2022.

The following table presents gross gains and losses on sales and partial calls of securities available-for-sale (in thousands):
 Three Months Ended
March 31,
 20232022
Available-for-Sale:
Gross Gains$232 $436 
Gross Losses(7,484)(1)
Balance, end of the period$(7,252)$435 

There were no securities—available-for-sale in a nonaccrual status at March 31, 2023 or December 31, 2022.

The following table presents the amortized cost and estimated fair value of securities at March 31, 2023, by contractual maturity and does not reflect any required periodic payments (in thousands). Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because some securities may be called or prepaid with or without call or prepayment penalties.
 March 31, 2023
TradingAvailable-for-SaleHeld-to-Maturity
 Amortized CostFair ValueAmortized CostFair ValueAmortized CostFair Value
Maturing within one year$— $— $8,110 $8,029 $22,368 $22,157 
Maturing after one year through five years— — 207,623 192,942 22,945 22,417 
Maturing after five years through ten years— — 471,431 422,224 25,643 24,866 
Maturing after ten years27,203 28,591 2,353,047 2,030,665 1,039,003 887,622 
 $27,203 $28,591 $3,040,211 $2,653,860 $1,109,959 $957,062 
The following table presents, as of March 31, 2023, investment securities which were pledged to secure borrowings, public deposits or other obligations as permitted or required by law (in thousands):
March 31, 2023
Carrying ValueAmortized CostFair Value
Purpose or beneficiary:
State and local governments public deposits$238,597 $240,736 $216,883 
Federal Reserve120,463 120,463 103,769 
Interest rate swap counterparties6,422 6,807 6,268 
Repurchase transaction accounts317,761 317,761 266,592 
Other 2,435 2,435 2,413 
Total pledged securities$685,678 $688,202 $595,925 

The Company monitors the credit quality of held-to-maturity debt securities through the use of credit ratings which are reviewed and updated quarterly. The Company’s non-rated held-to-maturity debt securities are primarily United States government sponsored enterprise debentures carrying minimal to no credit risk. The non-rated corporate bonds primarily consist of Community Reinvestment Act related bonds secured by loan instruments from low to moderate income borrowers. The remaining non-rated held-to-maturity debt securities balance is comprised of local municipal debt from within the Company’s geographic footprint and is monitored through quarterly or annual financial review. This municipal debt is predominately essential service or unlimited general obligation backed debt. The following tables summarize the amortized cost of held-to-maturity debt securities by credit rating at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):
March 31, 2023
U.S. Government and agency obligationsMunicipal bondsCorporate bondsMortgage-backed or related securitiesTotal
AAA/AA/A$— $491,252 $500 $16,626 $508,378 
Not Rated310 10,109 2,429 588,733 601,581 
$310 $501,361 $2,929 $605,359 $1,109,959 

December 31, 2022
U.S. Government and agency obligationsMunicipal bondsCorporate bondsMortgage-backed or related securitiesTotal
AAA/AA/A$— $492,105 $500 $16,681 $509,286 
Not Rated312 11,012 2,461 594,896 608,681 
$312 $503,117 $2,961 $611,577 $1,117,967