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Equity-Based Compensation | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2025
Disclosure Of Compensation Related Costs Sharebased Payments [Abstract] |
Equity-Based Compensation | 14. Equity-Based Compensation Equity Incentive Plans The Company issues stock-based awards, including stock options, restricted stock units and performance stock units, to certain officers, employees and non-employee directors under the Acadia Healthcare Company, Inc. Amended and Restated Incentive Compensation Plan (the “Equity Incentive Plan”). At March 31, 2025, a maximum of 12,700,000 shares of the Company’s common stock were authorized for issuance as stock options, restricted stock units and performance stock units or other share-based compensation under the Equity Incentive Plan, of which 1,202,970 were available for future grant. Stock options may be granted for terms of up to ten years. The Company recognizes expense on all share-based awards on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the entire award. Grants to employees generally vest in annual increments of 25% or 33% each year, commencing one year after the date of grant. The exercise prices of stock options are equal to the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the most recent trading date prior to the date of grant. The Company recognized $8.7 million in equity-based compensation expense for each of the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. Stock compensation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 is impacted by forfeiture adjustments and performance stock unit adjustments based on actual performance compared to vesting targets. At March 31, 2025, there was $83.6 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested options, restricted stock units and performance stock units, which is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted-average vesting period of 1.1 years. The Company recognized a deferred income tax benefit of $2.4 million for each of the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, related to equity-based compensation expense. Stock Options Stock option activity during 2024 and 2025 was as follows:
|  | Number of Options |  |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price |  |  | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years) |  |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands) |
Options outstanding at January 1, 2024 |  |  | 936,545 |  |  | $ | 56.21 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Options granted |  |  | 4,000 |  |  |  | 75.30 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Options exercised |  |  | (158,714 | ) |  |  | 45.43 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Options cancelled |  |  | (86,810 | ) |  |  | 66.91 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Options outstanding at December 31, 2024 |  |  | 695,021 |  |  |  | 57.45 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Options granted |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Options exercised |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Options cancelled |  |  | (39,335 | ) |  |  | 57.51 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Options outstanding at March 31, 2025 |  |  | 655,686 |  |  | $ | 57.44 |  |  |  | 6.20 |  |  | $ | 128,417 |
Options exercisable at March 31, 2025 |  |  | 484,070 |  |  | $ | 52.43 |  |  |  | 5.69 |  |  | $ | 128,417 |
Fair values are estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. There were no stock options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2025. The following table summarizes the grant-date fair value of options and the assumptions used to develop the fair value estimates for options granted during the year ended December 31, 2024:
|  | December 31, 2024 |
Weighted average grant-date fair value of options |  | $ | 27.24 |
Risk-free interest rate |  |  | 4.4 | %
Expected volatility |  |  | 33 | %
Expected life (in years) |  |  | 4.8 |
The Company’s estimate of expected volatility for stock options is based upon the volatility of its stock price over the expected life of the award. The risk-free interest rate is the approximate yield on U.S. Treasury Strips having a life equal to the expected option life on the date of grant. The expected life is an estimate of the number of years an option will be held before it is exercised. Other Stock-Based Awards Restricted stock unit activity during 2024 and 2025 was as follows:
|  | Number of Shares |  |  | Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value |
Unvested at January 1, 2024 |  |  | 1,030,478 |  |  | $ | 68.38 |
Granted |  |  | 608,572 |  |  |  | 71.78 |
Cancelled |  |  | (127,761 | ) |  |  | 72.84 |
Vested |  |  | (365,871 | ) |  |  | 63.29 |
Unvested at December 31, 2024 |  |  | 1,145,418 |  |  | $ | 71.31 |
Granted |  |  | 950,348 |  |  |  | 30.15 |
Cancelled |  |  | (29,043 | ) |  |  | 67.55 |
Vested |  |  | (237,478 | ) |  |  | 72.39 |
Unvested at March 31, 2025 |  |  | 1,829,245 |  |  | $ | 49.84 |
Performance stock unit activity during 2024 and 2025 was as follows:
|  | Number of Units |  |  | Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value |
Unvested at January 1, 2024 |  |  | 336,031 |  |  | $ | 69.35 |
Granted |  |  | 78,955 |  |  |  | 68.04 |
Performance adjustment |  |  | (9,241 | ) |  |  | 72.99 |
Cancelled |  |  | (15,723 | ) |  |  | 70.37 |
Vested |  |  | (98,504 | ) |  |  | 61.52 |
Unvested at December 31, 2024 |  |  | 291,518 |  |  | $ | 71.47 |
Granted |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Performance adjustment |  |  | (22,974 | ) |  |  | 72.07 |
Cancelled |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Vested |  |  | (66,676 | ) |  |  | 73.96 |
Unvested at March 31, 2025 |  |  | 201,868 |  |  | $ | 70.58 |
Restricted stock unit awards are time-based vesting awards that vest over a period of three or four years and are subject to continuing service of the employee or non-employee director over the ratable vesting periods. The fair values of the restricted stock unit awards were determined based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the trading date immediately prior to the grant date. Performance stock units are granted to employees and are subject to Company performance compared to pre-established targets. In addition to Company performance, these performance-based stock units are subject to the continuing service of the employee during the three-year period covered by the awards. The performance conditions for the performance stock units are based on the Company’s achievement of annually established targets for diluted earnings per share, adjusted earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization and/or revenue. The number of shares issuable at the end of the applicable vesting period of performance stock units ranges from 0% to 200% of the targeted units based on the Company’s actual performance compared to the targets. The fair values of performance stock units were determined based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the trading date immediately prior to the grant date for units subject to performance conditions.

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