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Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Reconciliation of Federal Statutory Rate on Loss before Income Taxes and before Gain from Sale of Equity Method Investment Rate to Effective Income Tax Rate

The reconciliation of the federal statutory rate on the income (loss) before income taxes to the effective income tax rate for the years ended December 31 is as follows:

		2018				2017				2016
Statutory federal tax rate			21.0	%			(34.0	)%			(34.0	)%
State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit			3.6				97.2				1.9
Increase (decrease) in valuation allowance			(9.1	)			(936.1	)			46.5
Permanent items			(5.9	)			(861.2	)			0.9
Tax credits			(5.5	)			(1,222.3	)			(13.6	)
Provision vs. tax return differences			(1.7	)			—				—
Foreign rate differential and deferred items			0.7				(91.8	)			(0.8	)
Decrease in tax reserves			0.1				(5.1	)			—
Rate change due to tax reform			—				3,441.1				—
Refundable income taxes — AMT credit			—				(751.0	)			—
Capital gain on sale to noncontrolling interest			—				—				3.9
Decrease in unremitted Vicor Custom Power earnings			—				—				(0.9	)
Book income attributable to noncontrolling interest			—				—				0.1
Other			0.1				(0.1	)			(0.2	)
			3.3	%			(363.3	)%			3.8	%

Schedule of Domestic and Foreign Components of Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes and before the Gain from Sale of Equity Method Investment

For financial reporting purposes, income (loss) before income taxes for the years ended December 31 include the following components (in thousands):

		2018				2017				2016
Domestic		$	31,455			$	(1,591	)		$	(6,034	)
Foreign			1,478				1,493				4
		$	32,933			$	(98	)		$	(6,030	)

Schedule of Components of Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes

Significant components of the provision (benefit) for income taxes for the years ended December 31 are as follows (in thousands):

		2018				2017				2016
Current:
Federal		$	—			$	(736	)		$	—
State			231				156				172
Foreign			911				396				137
			1,142				(184	)			309
Deferred:
Federal			—				—				(55	)
Foreign			(55	)			(172	)			(23	)
			(55	)			(172	)			(78	)
		$	1,087			$	(356	)		$	231

Schedule of Significant Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31 were as follows (in thousands):
 

		2018				2017
Deferred tax assets:
Research and development tax credit carryforwards		$	23,244			$	20,019
Stock-based compensation			3,133				2,793
Inventory reserves			2,109				2,059
Investment tax credit carryforwards			1,976				2,181
Vacation accrual			1,218				1,255
Net operating loss carryforwards			1,091				4,918
UNICAP			275				3
International deferred tax assets			265				210
Unrealized loss on investments			132				135
Sales allowances			128				25
Contingent consideration liabilities			88				148
Deferred revenue			66				79
Bad debt reserves			52				36
Warranty reserves			35				45
Other			233				35
Total deferred tax assets			34,045				33,941
Less: Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets			(30,031	)			(33,024	)
Net deferred tax assets			4,014				917
Deferred tax liabilities:
Depreciation			(3,144	)			(76	)
Prepaid expenses			(473	)			(470	)
Patent amortization			(107	)			(161	)
Other			(25	)			—
Total deferred tax liabilities			(3,749	)			(707	)
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)		$	265			$	210

Schedule of Reconciliation of Beginning and Ending Amount of Unrecognized Tax Benefits

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows (in thousands):

		2018				2017				2016
Balance on January 1		$	1,104			$	946			$	830
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year			245				138				125
Additions for tax positions of prior years			120				29				—
Settlements			—				(1	)			—
Lapse of statute			(7	)			(8	)			(9	)
Balance on December 31		$	1,462			$	1,104			$	946

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Tabular disclosure of the components of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for each year presented including, but not limited to: current tax expense (benefit), deferred tax expense (benefit), investment tax credits, government grants, the benefits of operating loss carryforwards, tax expense that results from allocating certain tax benefits either directly to contributed capital or to reduce goodwill or other noncurrent intangible assets of an acquired entity, adjustments of a deferred tax liability or asset for enacted changes in tax laws or rates or a change in the tax status of the entity, and adjustments of the beginning-of-the-year balances of a valuation allowance because of a change in circumstances that causes a change in judgment about the realizability of the related deferred tax asset in future years.

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Tabular disclosure of the components of net deferred tax asset or liability recognized in an entity's statement of financial position, including the following: the total of all deferred tax liabilities, the total of all deferred tax assets, the total valuation allowance recognized for deferred tax assets.

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Tabular disclosure of the reconciliation using percentage or dollar amounts of the reported amount of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for the year to the amount of income tax expense that would result from applying domestic federal statutory tax rates to pretax income from continuing operations.

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Tabular disclosure of income before income tax between domestic and foreign jurisdictions.

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Tabular disclosure of the change in unrecognized tax benefits.

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