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Stock-Based Compensation and Employee Benefit Plans (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Stock-Based Compensation Expense
Stock-based compensation expense for the years ended December 31 was as follows (in thousands):
 
2019
 
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
Cost of revenues
  $
342
    $
237
    $
187
 
Selling, general and administrative
   
1,979
     
2,517
     
1,125
 
Research and development
   
715
     
642
     
423
 
                         
Total stock-based compensation
  $
3,036
    $
3,396
    $
1,735
 
                         
Summary of Compensation Expense by Type of Award
Compensation expense by type of award for the years ended December 31 was as follows (in thousands):
                         
 
2019
 
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
Stock options
  $
2,072
    $
2,649
    $
1,546
 
ESPP
   
964
     
747
     
189
 
                         
Total stock-based compensation
  $
3,036
    $
3,396
    $
1,735
 
                         
 
Weighted-Average Assumptions for Non Performance-Based Fair Value for Stock Options
The fair value for
non-performance-based
stock options awarded under the 2000 Plan for the years shown below was estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions:    
                         
 
2019
 
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
Risk-free interest rate
   
1.8
%    
2.9
%    
2.1
%
Expected dividend yield
   
     
     
 
Expected volatility
   
42
%    
44
%    
43
%
Expected lives (years)
   
6.3
     
6.4
     
7.1
 
 
 
 
 
 
2000 Plan, Vicor [Member]  
Stock-Based Compensation Expense
A summary of the activity under the 2000 Plan as of December 31, 2019 and changes during the year then ended, is presented below (in thousands except for share and weighted-average data):
                                 
 
Options
Outstanding
 
 
Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price
 
 
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life in
Years
 
 
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
 
Outstanding on December 31, 2018
   
1,382,981
    $
13.41
     
 
     
 
 
Granted
   
115,753
    $
31.76
     
 
     
 
 
Options transferred from VI Chip Merge
r
 
 
1,476,371
 
 
$
6.79
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Forfeited and expired
   
(36,228
)   $
21.37
     
 
     
 
 
Exercised
   
(250,981
)   $
9.71
     
 
     
 
 
                                 
Outstanding on December 31, 2019
   
2,687,896
    $
10.81
     
4.65
    $
96,665
 
                                 
Exercisable on December 31, 2019
   
1,475,947
    $
8.74
     
4.10
    $
56,079
 
                                 
Vested or expected to vest as of December 31, 2019(1)
   
2,601,076
    $
10.65
     
4.62
    $
93,938
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1) In addition to the vested options, the Company expects a portion of the unvested options to vest at some point in the future. The number of options expected to vest is calculated by applying an estimated forfeiture rate to the unvested options.
 
 
 
 
 
Vi Chip Plan [Member]  
Stock-Based Compensation Expense
A summary of the activity under the 2007 VI Chip Plan as of June 28, 2019, the date of the merger with and into Vicor and changes during the period then ended,
is
presented below:
 
Options
Outstanding
 
 
Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price
 
Outstanding on December 31, 2018
 (1)
   
10,414,000
    $
0.96
 
Granted
   
     
 
 
Forfeited and expired
   
     
 
 
Exercised
   
     
 
 
Options transferred in merger with Vicor
   
(10,414,000
)   $
0.96
 
                 
Outstanding on June 28, 2019
   
     
 
                 
 
(1) Of the total VI Chip options outstanding on December 31, 2018, 5,500,000 options had been granted to Dr. Vinciarelli, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer.