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Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

☑ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2024

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from __________________________

Commission File Number 0-18277

VICOR CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware | 04-2742817
(State of Incorporation) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

25 Frontage Road, Andover, Massachusetts 01810

(Address of Principal Executive Office)

(978) 470-2900

(Registrant’s telephone number)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share |  | VICR |  | The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☑ |  | Smaller reporting company | ☐
Accelerated filer | ☐ |  | Emerging growth company | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ |  |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☑

The number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of Common Stock as of October 22, 2024 was:

Common Stock, $.01 par value | 33,394,873
Class B Common Stock, $.01 par value | 11,738,718

Table of Contents

VICOR CORPORATION

| Page
Part I — Financial Information: |
Item 1 - Financial Statements (Unaudited) |
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 | 1
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 | 2
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 | 3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 | 4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 | 5
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 7
Item 2 — Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 16
Item 3 — Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 26
Item 4 — Controls and Procedures | 27
Part II — Other Information: | 28
Item 1 — Legal Proceedings | 28
Item 1A — Risk Factors | 28
Item 2 — Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 28
Item 5 — Other Information | 28
Item 6 — Exhibits | 29
Signatures | 30
EX-31.1 SECTION 302 CERTIFICATION OF CEO
EX-31.2 SECTION 302 CERTIFICATION OF CFO
EX-32.1 SECTION 906 CERTIFICATION OF CEO
EX-32.2 SECTION 906 CERTIFICATION OF CFO

Table of Contents

VICOR CORPORATION

Pa rt I – Financial Information

Item 1 – Fin ancial Statements

Condensed Consoli dated Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

|  | September 30, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2023 |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 267,605 |  |  | $ | 242,219 |
Accounts receivable, net |  |  | 58,525 |  |  |  | 52,631 |
Inventories |  |  | 105,761 |  |  |  | 106,579 |
Other current assets |  |  | 18,933 |  |  |  | 18,937 |
Total current assets |  |  | 450,824 |  |  |  | 420,366 |
Long-term deferred tax assets, net |  |  | 288 |  |  |  | 296 |
Long-term investment, net |  |  | 2,640 |  |  |  | 2,530 |
Property, plant and equipment, net |  |  | 158,779 |  |  |  | 157,689 |
Other assets |  |  | 20,231 |  |  |  | 14,006 |
Total assets |  | $ | 632,762 |  |  | $ | 594,887 |
Liabilities and Equity |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  | $ | 15,724 |  |  | $ | 12,100 |
Accrued compensation and benefits |  |  | 12,449 |  |  |  | 11,227 |
Accrued litigation |  |  | 26,550 |  |  |  | 6,500 |
Accrued expenses |  |  | 6,429 |  |  |  | 5,093 |
Short-term lease liabilities |  |  | 1,739 |  |  |  | 1,864 |
Sales allowances |  |  | 2,640 |  |  |  | 3,482 |
Income taxes payable |  |  | 642 |  |  |  | 746 |
Short-term deferred revenue and customer prepayments |  |  | 4,198 |  |  |  | 3,157 |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 70,371 |  |  |  | 44,169 |
Long-term deferred revenue |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,020 |
Long-term income taxes payable |  |  | 1,916 |  |  |  | 2,228 |
Long-term lease liabilities |  |  | 5,605 |  |  |  | 6,364 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 77,892 |  |  |  | 53,781 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 10) |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity: |  |  |  |  |  |
Vicor Corporation stockholders’ equity: |  |  |  |  |  |
Class B Common Stock: 10 votes per share, $.01 par value, 14,000,000 shares authorized, 11,738,718 shares issued and outstanding in 2024; 11,743,218 shares issued and outstanding in 2023 |  |  | 118 |  |  |  | 118 |
Common Stock: 1 vote per share, $.01 par value, 62,000,000 shares authorized 45,043,443 shares issued and 33,394,333 shares outstanding in 2024; 44,142,595 shares issued and 32,507,789 shares outstanding in 2023 |  |  | 452 |  |  |  | 445 |
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | 402,117 |  |  |  | 383,832 |
Retained earnings |  |  | 292,557 |  |  |  | 296,674 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  |  | (1,198 | ) |  |  | (1,273 | )
Treasury stock at cost: 11,649,110 shares in 2024 and 11,634,806 shares in 2023 |  |  | (139,424 | ) |  |  | (138,927 | )
Total Vicor Corporation stockholders’ equity |  |  | 554,622 |  |  |  | 540,869 |
Noncontrolling interest |  |  | 248 |  |  |  | 237 |
Total equity |  |  | 554,870 |  |  |  | 541,106 |
Total liabilities and equity |  | $ | 632,762 |  |  | $ | 594,887 |

See accompanying notes.

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Table of Contents

VICOR CORPORATION

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Net revenues |  | $ | 93,166 |  |  | $ | 107,844 |  |  | $ | 262,892 |  |  | $ | 312,407 |
Cost of revenues |  |  | 47,422 |  |  |  | 51,966 |  |  |  | 129,254 |  |  |  | 154,822 |
Gross margin |  |  | 45,744 |  |  |  | 55,878 |  |  |  | 133,638 |  |  |  | 157,585 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative |  |  | 23,398 |  |  |  | 22,422 |  |  |  | 72,715 |  |  |  | 63,020 |
Research and development |  |  | 16,960 |  |  |  | 17,752 |  |  |  | 51,938 |  |  |  | 50,556 |
Litigation-contingency expense |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 19,500 |  |  |  | — |
Total operating expenses |  |  | 40,358 |  |  |  | 40,174 |  |  |  | 144,153 |  |  |  | 113,576 |
Income (loss) from operations |  |  | 5,386 |  |  |  | 15,704 |  |  |  | (10,515 | ) |  |  | 44,009 |
Other income (expense), net: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities, net |  |  | 40 |  |  |  | 20 |  |  |  | 110 |  |  |  | (11 | )
Less: portion of (gains) losses recognized in other comprehensive income |  |  | (40 | ) |  |  | (20 | ) |  |  | (110 | ) |  |  | 11 |
Net credit gains recognized in earnings |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Other income (expense), net |  |  | 3,713 |  |  |  | 1,917 |  |  |  | 9,244 |  |  |  | 5,643 |
Total other income (expense), net |  |  | 3,713 |  |  |  | 1,917 |  |  |  | 9,244 |  |  |  | 5,643 |
Income (loss) before income taxes |  |  | 9,099 |  |  |  | 17,621 |  |  |  | (1,271 | ) |  |  | 49,652 |
Less: (Benefit) provision for income taxes |  |  | (2,455 | ) |  |  | 1,038 |  |  |  | 2,832 |  |  |  | 4,716 |
Consolidated net income (loss) |  |  | 11,554 |  |  |  | 16,583 |  |  |  | (4,103 | ) |  |  | 44,936 |
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 14 |  |  |  | 9 |
Net income (loss) attributable to Vicor Corporation |  | $ | 11,552 |  |  | $ | 16,582 |  |  | $ | (4,117 | ) |  | $ | 44,927 |
Net income (loss) per common share attributable to Vicor Corporation: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 0.26 |  |  | $ | 0.37 |  |  | $ | (0.09 | ) |  | $ | 1.01 |
Diluted |  | $ | 0.26 |  |  | $ | 0.37 |  |  | $ | (0.09 | ) |  | $ | 1.00 |
Shares used to compute net income (loss) per common share attributable to Vicor Corporation: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  | 45,117 |  |  |  | 44,433 |  |  |  | 44,829 |  |  |  | 44,275 |
Diluted |  |  | 45,174 |  |  |  | 45,187 |  |  |  | 44,829 |  |  |  | 45,000 |

See accompanying notes.

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Table of Contents

VICOR CORPORATION

Condensed Consolidated Statem ents of Comprehensive Income (Loss)

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Consolidated net income (loss) |  | $ | 11,554 |  |  | $ | 16,583 |  |  | $ | (4,103 | ) |  | $ | 44,936 |
Foreign currency translation gains (losses), net of tax (1) |  |  | 373 |  |  |  | (77 | ) |  |  | (38 | ) |  |  | (267 | )
Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities, net of tax (1) |  |  | 40 |  |  |  | 20 |  |  |  | 110 |  |  |  | (11 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | 413 |  |  |  | (57 | ) |  |  | 72 |  |  |  | (278 | )
Consolidated comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | 11,967 |  |  |  | 16,526 |  |  |  | (4,031 | ) |  |  | 44,658 |
Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest |  |  | 30 |  |  |  | (6 | ) |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | (12 | )
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Vicor Corporation |  | $ | 11,937 |  |  | $ | 16,532 |  |  | $ | (4,042 | ) |  | $ | 44,670 |

(1)
The deferred tax assets associated with foreign currency translation losses and unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities are completely offset by a tax valuation allowance as of September 30, 2024 and 2023. Therefore, there is no income tax benefit (provision) recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.

See accompanying notes.

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VICOR CORPORATION

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

|  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated net (loss) income |  | $ | (4,103 | ) |  | $ | 44,936 |
Adjustments to reconcile consolidated net (loss) income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 14,016 |  |  |  | 13,202 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  | 11,245 |  |  |  | 9,287 |
Provision for doubtful accounts |  |  | — |  |  |  | 43 |
Litigation-contingency expense |  |  | 19,500 |  |  |  | — |
(Decrease) increase in long-term deferred revenue |  |  | (1,020 | ) |  |  | 1,235 |
Decrease (increase) in other assets |  |  | 788 |  |  |  | (260 | )
Deferred income taxes |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | (61 | )
Decrease in long-term income taxes payable |  |  | (312 | ) |  |  | (14 | )
Change in current assets and liabilities, net |  |  | 606 |  |  |  | (15,374 | )
Net cash provided by operating activities |  |  | 40,725 |  |  |  | 52,994 |
Investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Additions to property, plant and equipment and internal-use software |  |  | (21,866 | ) |  |  | (26,289 | )
Net cash used for investing activities |  |  | (21,866 | ) |  |  | (26,289 | )
Financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from employee stock plans |  |  | 7,047 |  |  |  | 10,503 |
Repurchases of Common Stock |  |  | (497 | ) |  |  | — |
Net cash provided by financing activities |  |  | 6,550 |  |  |  | 10,503 |
Effect of foreign exchange rates on cash |  |  | (23 | ) |  |  | (35 | )
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 25,386 |  |  |  | 37,173 |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |  |  | 242,219 |  |  |  | 190,611 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |  | $ | 267,605 |  |  | $ | 227,784 |
Supplemental disclosure: |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchases of property, plant and equipment and internal-use software incurred but not yet paid |  | $ | 2,976 |  |  | $ | 2,364 |

See accompanying notes.

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Table of Contents

VICOR CORPORATION

Condensed Consolidat ed Statements of Equity

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  |  |  |  |  | Vicor |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Class B |  |  |  |  |  | Additional |  |  |  |  |  | Other |  |  |  |  |  | Corporation |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Common |  |  | Common |  |  | Paid-In |  |  | Retained |  |  | Comprehensive |  |  | Treasury |  |  | Stockholders’ |  |  | Noncontrolling |  |  | Total |
|  | Stock |  |  | Stock |  |  | Capital |  |  | Earnings |  |  | Income (Loss) |  |  | Stock |  |  | Equity |  |  | Interest |  |  | Equity |
Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance on June 30, 2024 |  | $ | 118 |  |  | $ | 451 |  |  | $ | 396,175 |  |  | $ | 281,005 |  |  | $ | (1,583 | ) |  | $ | (138,927 | ) |  | $ | 537,239 |  |  | $ | 218 |  |  | $ | 537,457 |
Issuance of Common Stock under employee stock plans |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1,908 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,909 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,909 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,034 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,034 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,034 |
Repurchases of Common Stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (497 | ) |  |  | (497 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | (497 | )
Components of comprehensive income, net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 11,552 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 11,552 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 11,554 |
Other comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 385 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 385 |  |  |  | 28 |  |  |  | 413 |
Total comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 11,937 |  |  |  | 30 |  |  |  | 11,967 |
Balance on September 30, 2024 |  | $ | 118 |  |  | $ | 452 |  |  | $ | 402,117 |  |  | $ | 292,557 |  |  | $ | (1,198 | ) |  | $ | (139,424 | ) |  | $ | 554,622 |  |  | $ | 248 |  |  | $ | 554,870 |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  |  |  |  |  | Vicor |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Class B |  |  |  |  |  | Additional |  |  |  |  |  | Other |  |  |  |  |  | Corporation |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Common |  |  | Common |  |  | Paid-In |  |  | Retained |  |  | Comprehensive |  |  | Treasury |  |  | Stockholders’ |  |  | Noncontrolling |  |  | Total |
|  | Stock |  |  | Stock |  |  | Capital |  |  | Earnings |  |  | Income (Loss) |  |  | Stock |  |  | Equity |  |  | Interest |  |  | Equity |
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance on December 31, 2023 |  | $ | 118 |  |  | $ | 445 |  |  | $ | 383,832 |  |  | $ | 296,674 |  |  | $ | (1,273 | ) |  | $ | (138,927 | ) |  | $ | 540,869 |  |  | $ | 237 |  |  | $ | 541,106 |
Issuance of Common Stock under employee stock plans |  |  |  |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | 7,040 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7,047 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7,047 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 11,245 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 11,245 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 11,245 |
Repurchases of Common Stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (497 | ) |  |  | (497 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | (497 | )
Components of comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net (loss) income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (4,117 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (4,117 | ) |  |  | 14 |  |  |  | (4,103 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 75 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 75 |  |  |  | (3 | ) |  |  | 72 |
Total comprehensive (loss) income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (4,042 | ) |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | (4,031 | )
Balance on September 30, 2024 |  | $ | 118 |  |  | $ | 452 |  |  | $ | 402,117 |  |  | $ | 292,557 |  |  | $ | (1,198 | ) |  | $ | (139,424 | ) |  | $ | 554,622 |  |  | $ | 248 |  |  | $ | 554,870 |

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Table of Contents

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  |  |  |  |  | Vicor |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Class B |  |  |  |  |  | Additional |  |  |  |  |  | Other |  |  |  |  |  | Corporation |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Common |  |  | Common |  |  | Paid-In |  |  | Retained |  |  | Comprehensive |  |  | Treasury |  |  | Stockholders’ |  |  | Noncontrolling |  |  | Total |
|  | Stock |  |  | Stock |  |  | Capital |  |  | Earnings |  |  | Loss |  |  | Stock |  |  | Equity |  |  | Interest |  |  | Equity |
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance on June 30, 2023 |  | $ | 118 |  |  | $ | 443 |  |  | $ | 368,914 |  |  | $ | 271,424 |  |  | $ | (1,195 | ) |  | $ | (138,927 | ) |  | $ | 500,777 |  |  | $ | 242 |  |  | $ | 501,019 |
Issuance of Common Stock under employee stock plans |  |  |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 7,779 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7,781 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7,781 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,458 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,458 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,458 |
Components of comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 16,582 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 16,582 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 16,583 |
Other comprehensive loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (50 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | (50 | ) |  |  | (7 | ) |  |  | (57 | )
Total comprehensive income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 16,532 |  |  |  | (6 | ) |  |  | 16,526 |
Balance on September 30, 2023 |  | $ | 118 |  |  | $ | 445 |  |  | $ | 380,151 |  |  | $ | 288,006 |  |  | $ | (1,245 | ) |  | $ | (138,927 | ) |  | $ | 528,548 |  |  | $ | 236 |  |  | $ | 528,784 |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  |  |  |  |  | Vicor |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Class B |  |  |  |  |  | Additional |  |  |  |  |  | Other |  |  |  |  |  | Corporation |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Common |  |  | Common |  |  | Paid-In |  |  | Retained |  |  | Comprehensive |  |  | Treasury |  |  | Stockholders’ |  |  | Noncontrolling |  |  | Total |
|  | Stock |  |  | Stock |  |  | Capital |  |  | Earnings |  |  | Loss |  |  | Stock |  |  | Equity |  |  | Interest |  |  | Equity |
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance on December 31, 2022 |  | $ | 118 |  |  | $ | 441 |  |  | $ | 360,365 |  |  | $ | 243,079 |  |  | $ | (988 | ) |  | $ | (138,927 | ) |  | $ | 464,088 |  |  | $ | 248 |  |  | $ | 464,336 |
Issuance of Common Stock under employee stock plans |  |  |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 10,499 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 10,503 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 10,503 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 9,287 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 9,287 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 9,287 |
Components of comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 44,927 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 44,927 |  |  |  | 9 |  |  |  | 44,936 |
Other comprehensive loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (257 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | (257 | ) |  |  | (21 | ) |  |  | (278 | )
Total comprehensive income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 44,670 |  |  |  | (12 | ) |  |  | 44,658 |
Balance on September 30, 2023 |  | $ | 118 |  |  | $ | 445 |  |  | $ | 380,151 |  |  | $ | 288,006 |  |  | $ | (1,245 | ) |  | $ | (138,927 | ) |  | $ | 528,548 |  |  | $ | 236 |  |  | $ | 528,784 |

See accompanying notes.

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Table of Contents

VICOR CORPORATION

Notes to Condensed Conso lidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2024

(unaudited)

1. Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of Vicor Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries (collectively, the "Company") have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Accordingly, these interim financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements.

In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any other interim period or the year ending December 31, 2024. The balance sheet at December 31, 2023 presented herein has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 filed by the Company with the SEC on February 28, 2024.

2. Inventories

Inventories were as follows (in thousands):

|  | September 30, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2023 |
Raw materials |  | $ | 77,930 |  |  | $ | 88,716 |
Work-in-process |  |  | 17,906 |  |  |  | 10,525 |
Finished goods |  |  | 9,925 |  |  |  | 7,338 |
|  | $ | 105,761 |  |  | $ | 106,579 |

3. Investments

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company held one auction rate security with a par value of $3,000,000 and an estimated fair value of approximately $2,640,000 and $2,530,000, respectively, purchased through and held in custody by a broker-dealer affiliate of Bank of America, N.A., that has experienced failed auctions (the “Failed Auction Security”) since February 2008. The Failed Auction Security held by the Company is Aaa/AA+ rated by major credit rating agencies, is collateralized by student loans, and is guaranteed by the U.S. Department of Education under the Federal Family Education Loan Program. Management is not aware of any reason to believe the issuer of the Failed Auction Security is presently at risk of default. Through September 30, 2024, the Company has continued to receive interest payments on the Failed Auction Security in accordance with the terms of its indenture. Management believes the Company ultimately should be able to liquidate the Failed Auction Security without significant loss primarily due to the overall quality of the issue held and the collateral securing the substantial majority of the underlying obligation. However, current conditions in the auction rate securities market have led management to conclude the recovery period for the Failed Auction Security exceeds 12 months. As a result, the Company continued to classify the Failed Auction Security as long-term as of September 30, 2024.

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VICOR CORPORATION

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2024

(unaudited)

Details of our investments are as follows (in thousands):

|  | September 30, 2024 |
|  | Cash and Cash |  |  | Long-Term |
|  | Equivalents |  |  | Investment |
Measured at fair value: |  |  |  |  |  |
Available-for-sale securities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market funds |  | $ | 230,421 |  |  | $ | — |
Failed Auction Security |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,640 |
Total |  |  | 230,421 |  |  |  | 2,640 |
Other measurement basis: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash on hand |  |  | 37,184 |  |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 267,605 |  |  | $ | 2,640 |

|  | December 31, 2023 |
|  | Cash and Cash |  |  | Long-Term |
|  | Equivalents |  |  | Investment |
Measured at fair value: |  |  |  |  |  |
Available-for-sale securities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market funds |  | $ | 209,489 |  |  | $ | — |
Failed Auction Security |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,530 |
Total |  |  | 209,489 |  |  |  | 2,530 |
Other measurement basis: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash on hand |  |  | 32,730 |  |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 242,219 |  |  | $ | 2,530 |

The following is a summary of the available-for-sale securities (in thousands):

|  |  |  |  | Gross |  |  | Gross |  |  | Estimated |
|  |  |  |  | Unrealized |  |  | Unrealized |  |  | Fair |
September 30, 2024 |  | Cost |  |  | Gains |  |  | Losses |  |  | Value |
Failed Auction Security |  | $ | 3,000 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 360 |  |  | $ | 2,640 |

|  |  |  |  | Gross |  |  | Gross |  |  | Estimated |
|  |  |  |  | Unrealized |  |  | Unrealized |  |  | Fair |
December 31, 2023 |  | Cost |  |  | Gains |  |  | Losses |  |  | Value |
Failed Auction Security |  | $ | 3,000 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 470 |  |  | $ | 2,530 |

As of September 30, 2024, the Failed Auction Security had been in an unrealized loss position for greater than 12 months.

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of the available-for-sale securities on September 30, 2024, by type and contractual maturities, are shown below (in thousands):

|  |  |  |  | Estimated |
|  | Cost |  |  | Fair Value |
Failed Auction Security: |  |  |  |  |  |
Due in nineteen years |  | $ | 3,000 |  |  | $ | 2,640 |

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VICOR CORPORATION

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2024

(unaudited)

4. Fair Value Measurements

The Company accounts for certain financial assets at fair value, defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. A three-level hierarchy is used to show the extent and level of judgment used to estimate fair value measurements.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis included the following as of September 30, 2024 (in thousands):

|  | Using |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  | Significant |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Quoted Prices |  |  | Other |  |  | Significant |  |  |  |
|  | in Active |  |  | Observable |  |  | Unobservable |  |  | Total Fair |
|  | Markets |  |  | Inputs |  |  | Inputs |  |  | Value as of |
|  | (Level 1) |  |  | (Level 2) |  |  | (Level 3) |  |  | September 30, 2024 |
Cash equivalents: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market funds |  | $ | 230,421 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 230,421 |
Long-term investment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Failed Auction Security |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,640 |  |  |  | 2,640 |

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis included the following as of December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

|  | Using |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  | Significant |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Quoted Prices |  |  | Other |  |  | Significant |  |  |  |
|  | in Active |  |  | Observable |  |  | Unobservable |  |  | Total Fair |
|  | Markets |  |  | Inputs |  |  | Inputs |  |  | Value as of |
|  | (Level 1) |  |  | (Level 2) |  |  | (Level 3) |  |  | December 31, 2023 |
Cash equivalents: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market funds |  | $ | 209,489 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 209,489 |
Long-term investment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Failed Auction Security |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,530 |  |  |  | 2,530 |

The change in the estimated fair value calculated for the investment valued on a recurring basis utilizing Level 3 inputs (i.e., the Failed Auction Security) for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was as follows (in thousands):

Balance at the beginning of the period |  | $ | 2,530 |
Gain included in Other comprehensive loss |  |  | 110 |
Balance at the end of the period |  | $ | 2,640 |

Management utilized a probability weighted discounted cash flow model to determine the estimated fair value as of September 30, 2024.

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VICOR CORPORATION

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2024

(unaudited)

5. Revenues

The following tables present the Company’s net revenues disaggregated by geography based on the location of the customer, by product line (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 |
|  | Brick Products |  |  | Advanced Products |  |  | Total |
United States |  | $ | 24,943 |  |  | $ | 22,579 |  |  | $ | 47,522 |
Europe |  |  | 7,906 |  |  |  | 3,044 |  |  |  | 10,950 |
Asia Pacific |  |  | 10,777 |  |  |  | 23,433 |  |  |  | 34,210 |
All other |  |  | 138 |  |  |  | 346 |  |  |  | 484 |
|  | $ | 43,764 |  |  | $ | 49,402 |  |  | $ | 93,166 |

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 |
|  | Brick Products |  |  | Advanced Products |  |  | Total |
United States |  | $ | 71,348 |  |  | $ | 72,996 |  |  | $ | 144,344 |
Europe |  |  | 21,322 |  |  |  | 10,474 |  |  |  | 31,796 |
Asia Pacific |  |  | 30,265 |  |  |  | 55,087 |  |  |  | 85,352 |
All other |  |  | 907 |  |  |  | 493 |  |  |  | 1,400 |
|  | $ | 123,842 |  |  | $ | 139,050 |  |  | $ | 262,892 |

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 |
|  | Brick Products |  |  | Advanced Products |  |  | Total |
United States |  | $ | 21,279 |  |  | $ | 18,889 |  |  | $ | 40,168 |
Europe |  |  | 10,392 |  |  |  | 5,808 |  |  |  | 16,200 |
Asia Pacific |  |  | 17,024 |  |  |  | 33,623 |  |  |  | 50,647 |
All other |  |  | 737 |  |  |  | 92 |  |  |  | 829 |
|  | $ | 49,432 |  |  | $ | 58,412 |  |  | $ | 107,844 |

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 |
|  | Brick Products |  |  | Advanced Products |  |  | Total |
United States |  | $ | 60,764 |  |  | $ | 48,426 |  |  | $ | 109,190 |
Europe |  |  | 24,893 |  |  |  | 15,869 |  |  |  | 40,762 |
Asia Pacific |  |  | 46,998 |  |  |  | 112,686 |  |  |  | 159,684 |
All other |  |  | 2,536 |  |  |  | 235 |  |  |  | 2,771 |
|  | $ | 135,191 |  |  | $ | 177,216 |  |  | $ | 312,407 |

The following tables present the Company’s net revenues disaggregated by the category of revenue, by product line (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 |
|  | Brick Products |  |  | Advanced Products |  |  | Total |
Direct customers, contract manufacturers and non-stocking distributors |  | $ | 25,854 |  |  | $ | 29,405 |  |  | $ | 55,259 |
Stocking distributors, net of sales allowances |  |  | 17,724 |  |  |  | 6,367 |  |  |  | 24,091 |
Non-recurring engineering |  |  | 186 |  |  |  | (100 | ) |  |  | 86 |
Royalties |  |  | — |  |  |  | 13,370 |  |  |  | 13,370 |
Other |  |  | — |  |  |  | 360 |  |  |  | 360 |
|  | $ | 43,764 |  |  | $ | 49,402 |  |  | $ | 93,166 |

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VICOR CORPORATION

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2024

(unaudited)

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 |
|  | Brick Products |  |  | Advanced Products |  |  | Total |
Direct customers, contract manufacturers and non-stocking distributors |  | $ | 66,902 |  |  | $ | 78,758 |  |  | $ | 145,660 |
Stocking distributors, net of sales allowances |  |  | 56,289 |  |  |  | 24,368 |  |  |  | 80,657 |
Non-recurring engineering |  |  | 651 |  |  |  | 4,023 |  |  |  | 4,674 |
Royalties |  |  | — |  |  |  | 30,821 |  |  |  | 30,821 |
Other |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,080 |  |  |  | 1,080 |
|  | $ | 123,842 |  |  | $ | 139,050 |  |  | $ | 262,892 |

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 |
|  | Brick Products |  |  | Advanced Products |  |  | Total |
Direct customers, contract manufacturers and non-stocking distributors |  | $ | 27,748 |  |  | $ | 37,384 |  |  | $ | 65,132 |
Stocking distributors, net of sales allowances |  |  | 21,461 |  |  |  | 9,673 |  |  |  | 31,134 |
Non-recurring engineering |  |  | 223 |  |  |  | 6,726 |  |  |  | 6,949 |
Royalties |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,269 |  |  |  | 4,269 |
Other |  |  | — |  |  |  | 360 |  |  |  | 360 |
|  | $ | 49,432 |  |  | $ | 58,412 |  |  | $ | 107,844 |

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 |
|  | Brick Products |  |  | Advanced Products |  |  | Total |
Direct customers, contract manufacturers and non-stocking distributors |  | $ | 82,669 |  |  | $ | 134,953 |  |  | $ | 217,622 |
Stocking distributors, net of sales allowances |  |  | 51,536 |  |  |  | 21,070 |  |  |  | 72,606 |
Non-recurring engineering |  |  | 986 |  |  |  | 11,650 |  |  |  | 12,636 |
Royalties |  |  | — |  |  |  | 8,745 |  |  |  | 8,745 |
Other |  |  | — |  |  |  | 798 |  |  |  | 798 |
|  | $ | 135,191 |  |  | $ | 177,216 |  |  | $ | 312,407 |

The following table presents the changes in certain contract liabilities (in thousands):

|  | September 30, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2023 |  |  | Change |
Short-term deferred revenue and customer prepayments |  | $ | (4,198 | ) |  | $ | (3,157 | ) |  | $ | (1,041 | )
Long-term deferred revenue |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,020 | ) |  |  | 1,020 |
Sales allowances |  |  | (2,640 | ) |  |  | (3,482 | ) |  |  | 842 |

The Company records deferred revenue, which represents a contract liability, when cash payments are received or due in advance of performance under a contract with a customer. The Company recognized revenue of approximately $360,000 and $1,080,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, and $3,711,000 and $7,486,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 that was included in deferred revenue at the beginning of the respective period.

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Table of Contents

VICOR CORPORATION

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2024

(unaudited)

6. Stock-Based Compensation

The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to calculate the fair value of stock option awards, whether they possess time-based vesting provisions or performance-based vesting provisions, and awards granted under the Vicor Corporation 2017 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”), as of their grant date. Stock-based compensation expense was as follows (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Cost of revenues |  | $ | 886 |  |  | $ | 693 |  |  | $ | 2,384 |  |  | $ | 1,749 |
Selling, general and administrative |  |  | 2,036 |  |  |  | 1,788 |  |  |  | 5,712 |  |  |  | 4,934 |
Research and development |  |  | 1,112 |  |  |  | 977 |  |  |  | 3,149 |  |  |  | 2,604 |
Total stock-based compensation |  | $ | 4,034 |  |  | $ | 3,458 |  |  | $ | 11,245 |  |  | $ | 9,287 |

Compensation expense by type of award was as follows (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Stock options |  | $ | 3,783 |  |  | $ | 3,161 |  |  | $ | 10,416 |  |  | $ | 8,358 |
ESPP |  |  | 251 |  |  |  | 297 |  |  |  | 829 |  |  |  | 929 |
Total stock-based compensation |  | $ | 4,034 |  |  | $ | 3,458 |  |  | $ | 11,245 |  |  | $ | 9,287 |

7. Rental Income

Income, net under the Company’s operating lease agreement, for its owned facility leased to a third party in California, was approximately $284,000 and $198,000 for the three month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $708,000 and $594,000 for the nine month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The initial term of the lease agreement expired on May 31, 2024 and was extended for an additional eighty-four (84) months, commencing June 1, 2024 and ending May 31, 2031.

8. Income Taxes

The (benefit) provision for income taxes includes estimated federal, state and foreign income taxes.

The (benefit) provision for income taxes and the effective income tax rates were as follows (dollars in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
(Benefit) provision for income taxes |  | $ | (2,455 | ) |  | $ | 1,038 |  |  | $ | 2,832 |  |  | $ | 4,716 |
Effective income tax rate |  |  | (27.0 | )% |  |  | 5.9 | % |  |  | (222.8 | )% |  |  | 9.5 | %

For the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company calculated the U.S. income tax provision using the discrete method as this was more appropriate given the facts and circumstances. The Company determined that the application of the estimated annual effective tax rate method generally required by Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 740, Income Taxes, results in a disproportionate tax provision (benefit) for income taxes for the quarter relative to the expected provision for the full year.

The effective tax rates differ from the statutory tax rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 primarily due to the Company’s full valuation allowance position against domestic deferred tax assets. The (benefit) provision for

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VICOR CORPORATION

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2024

(unaudited)

income taxes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 included estimated federal, state and foreign income taxes in jurisdictions in which the Company does not have sufficient tax attributes.

The Company’s tax expense and rate for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2024 continues to be negatively impacted by the capitalization of research and development expenses under Section 174 in the U.S., which given the Company’s close to breakeven performance, is having an outsized impact on the rate by effectively moving from a book loss to a taxable income position, which causes a significant tax expense. This is further compounded by the Company not recording a deferred tax benefit from temporary differences due to the full valuation allowance on domestic deferred tax assets.

As of September 30, 2024, the Company had a valuation allowance of approximately $52,291,000 against all net domestic deferred tax assets for which realization cannot be considered more likely than not at this time. Management assesses the need for the valuation allowance on a quarterly basis. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, the Company considers all positive and negative evidence, including scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies, and past financial performance. The Company faces uncertainties in forecasting its operating results due to supply and factory capacity constraints, certain process issues with the production of Advanced Products and the unpredictability in certain markets. This operating uncertainty also makes it difficult to predict the availability and utilization of tax benefits over the next several years. As a result, management has concluded, as of September 30, 2024, it is more likely than not the Company’s net domestic deferred tax assets will not be realized, and a full valuation allowance against all net domestic deferred tax assets is still warranted as of September 30, 2024. The valuation allowance against these deferred tax assets may require adjustment in the future based on changes in the mix of temporary differences, changes in tax laws, and operating performance. If the positive operating results continue, and the Company’s concerns about industry uncertainty and world events, supply and factory capacity constraints, and process issues with the production of Advanced Products are resolved, and the amount of tax benefits the Company is able to utilize to the point that the Company believes future taxable income can be more reliably forecasted, the Company may release all or a portion of the valuation allowance in the near-term. If and when the Company determines the valuation allowance should be released (i.e., reduced), the adjustment would result in a tax benefit reported in that period’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, the effect of which would be an increase in reported net income.

The Company was informed in September 2021 by the Internal Revenue Service of their intention to examine the Company’s 2019 Federal income tax return. The IRS has closed examination of the 2019 tax year with no material adjustments. There are no other audits or examinations in process in any other jurisdiction.

9. Net Income (Loss) per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share (in thousands, except per share amounts):

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VICOR CORPORATION

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2024

(unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) attributable to Vicor Corporation |  | $ | 11,552 |  |  | $ | 16,582 |  |  | $ | (4,117 | ) |  | $ | 44,927 |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Denominator for basic net income (loss) per share-weighted average shares (1) |  |  | 45,117 |  |  |  | 44,433 |  |  |  | 44,829 |  |  |  | 44,275 |
Effect of dilutive securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Employee stock options (2) |  |  | 57 |  |  |  | 754 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 725 |
Denominator for diluted net income (loss) per share – adjusted weighted-average shares and assumed conversions |  |  | 45,174 |  |  |  | 45,187 |  |  |  | 44,829 |  |  |  | 45,000 |
Basic net income (loss) per share |  | $ | 0.26 |  |  | $ | 0.37 |  |  | $ | (0.09 | ) |  | $ | 1.01 |
Diluted net income (loss) per share |  | $ | 0.26 |  |  | $ | 0.37 |  |  | $ | (0.09 | ) |  | $ | 1.00 |

(1)
Denominator represents the weighted average number of shares of Common Stock and Class B Common Stock outstanding.
(2)
Options to purchase 2,875,975 and 2,971,033 shares of Common Stock for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, were not included in the calculation of net income (loss) per share as the effect would have been antidilutive. Options to purchase 1,012,045 and 1,473,749 shares of Common Stock for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, were not included in the calculation of net income per share as the effect would have been antidilutive.

10. Commitments and Contingencies

At September 30, 2024, the Company had approximately $14,073,000 of cancelable and non-cancelable capital expenditure commitments, principally for manufacturing equipment.

As previously reported in its Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Annual Reports on Form 10-K, the Company is the defendant in a patent infringement lawsuit originally filed on January 28, 2011 by SynQor, Inc. (“SynQor”) in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas (the “District Court”). SynQor alleged that certain Vicor products infringed certain United States Patents owned by SynQor.

On October 26, 2022, after a trial in the District Court, the jury returned a verdict finding that the Company willfully infringed one SynQor patent, and awarding SynQor damages in the amount of $6,500,000.

On May 20, 2024, the District Court issued an Amended Corrected Final Judgment, awarding SynQor actual damages of $6,500,000, enhanced damages of $4,500,000, costs in the amount of approximately $87,000, attorney fees in the amount of $9,500,000, and pre-judgment interest of approximately $5,400,000, for a total judgment of approximately $26,000,000. In addition, the District Court ordered that post-judgment interest would accrue at an amount of $2,323 per day starting on April 24, 2024 until the judgment is paid, compounded annually, and that additional post-judgment interest in the amount of $1,351 per day would accrue starting on May 20, 2024 until the judgment is paid, compounded annually.

On May 22, 2024, the Company filed an appeal of the District Court’s judgment to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. That appeal remains pending.

In accordance with applicable accounting standards, the Company recorded a litigation related accrual of $6,500,000 in the third quarter of 2022 and incremental litigation related accruals of $17,200,000 in the first quarter of 2024 and $2,300,000 in the second quarter of 2024 when the Amended Corrected Final Judgment was issued, for a total of $26,000,000, as its estimate based on the

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VICOR CORPORATION

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2024

(unaudited)

awarded judgments, including enhanced damages, pre-judgment interest, costs and attorney fees. The final determination of the litigation related accrual amount will be subject to appeal and could differ from the recorded liability.

Consistent with the court order, post-judgment interest will accrue on the pre-judgment amount until paid and the Company has recorded post judgment interest of approximately $338,000 and $550,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, within the Selling, general and administrative expenses on the Statement of Operations and the associated Accrued litigation account.

On July 11, 2024, purported stockholders of the Company filed a putative class action lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California against the Company and the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, President and Chairman. The plaintiffs allege violations of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), due to allegedly false and misleading statements during earnings calls in 2023 about the Company’s commercial relationship with an existing customer. The complaint seeks damages, interest and attorneys’ fees and costs. The plaintiffs were appointed lead plaintiffs on October 24, 2024. The Company believes the plaintiffs’ claims are without merit and intends to vigorously defend against the lawsuit.

On July 25, 2024, a purported stockholder of the Company filed a putative class action lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts against the Company; the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, President and Chairman; the Company’s Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer, Secretary and Director; and the Company’s Vice President of Global Sales and Marketing and Director. The plaintiffs alleged violations of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act, due to allegedly false and misleading statements during earnings calls in 2023 about the Company’s commercial relationship with an existing customer. The complaint sought damages, interest and attorneys' fees and costs. On September 24, 2024, the class action lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts was voluntarily dismissed, without prejudice.

In addition, the Company is involved in certain other litigation and claims incidental to the conduct of its business, both as a defendant and a plaintiff. While the outcome of such other lawsuits and claims against the Company cannot be predicted with certainty, management does not expect such litigation or claims will have a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

11. Impact of Recently Issued Accounting Standards

On November 27, 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards (“ASU”) No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which enhances segment disclosures and requires additional disclosures of segment expenses. This ASU is effective for annual periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods thereafter. Early adoption is permitted. The Company expects this ASU to impact disclosures with no impact to the Company’s consolidated financial results.

In December 2023, FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which focuses on the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. ASU No. 2023-09 requires a public business entity (PBE) to disclose, on an annual basis, a tabular rate reconciliation using both percentages and currency amounts, broken out into specified categories with certain reconciling items further broken out by nature and jurisdiction to the extent those items exceed a specified threshold. In addition, all entities are required to disclose income taxes paid, net of refunds received disaggregated by federal, state/local, and foreign and by jurisdiction if the amount is at least 5% of total income tax payments, net of refunds received. For PBEs, the new standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. An entity may apply the amendments in this ASU prospectively by providing the revised disclosures for the period ending December 31, 2025 and continuing to provide the pre-ASU disclosures for the prior periods, or may apply the amendments retrospectively by providing the revised disclosures for all period presented. The Company expects this ASU to impact disclosures with no impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Other new pronouncements issued but not effective until after September 30, 2024 are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

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VICOR CORPORATION

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of

Financial Condition and Results of Operations

September 30, 2024

Item 2 — Management’s Di scussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

The Company’s consolidated operating results are affected by a wide variety of factors that could materially and adversely affect revenues and profitability, including the risk factors described in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. As a result of these and other factors, the Company may experience material fluctuations in future operating results on a quarterly or annual basis, which could materially and adversely affect its business, consolidated financial condition, and operating results, and the share price of its Common Stock. This document and other documents filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) include forward-looking statements regarding future events and the Company’s future results that are subject to the safe harbor afforded under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and other safe harbors afforded under the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. All statements other than statements of historical fact are statements that could be deemed forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are based on our current beliefs, expectations, estimates, forecasts, and projections for the future performance of the Company and are subject to risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements are identified by the use of words denoting uncertain, future events, such as “anticipate,” “assume,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “future,” “goal,” “if,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “project,” “prospective,” “seek,” “should,” “target,” “will,” or “would,” as well as similar words and phrases, including the negatives of these terms, or other variations thereof. Forward-looking statements also include, but are not limited to, statements regarding: our ability to address certain supply chain risks; our ongoing development of power conversion architectures, switching topologies, materials, packaging, and products; the ongoing transition of our business strategically, organizationally, and operationally from serving a large number of relatively low-volume customers across diversified markets and geographies to serving a small number of relatively large volume customers; our intent to enter new market segments; the levels of customer orders overall and, in particular, from large customers and the delivery lead times associated therewith; anticipated new and existing customer wins; the financial and operational impact of customer changes to shipping schedules; the derivation of a portion of our sales in each quarter from orders booked in the same quarter; our intent to expand the percentage of revenue associated with licensing our intellectual property to third parties; our plans to invest in expanded manufacturing capacity, including the introduction of new manufacturing processes, and the timing, location, and funding thereof; our belief that cash generated from operations together with our available cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to fund planned operational needs and capital equipment purchases, for the foreseeable future; our outlook regarding tariffs and the impact thereof on our business; our belief that we have limited exposure to currency risks; our intentions regarding the declaration and payment of cash dividends; our intentions regarding protecting our rights under our patents; and our expectation that no current litigation or claims will have a material adverse impact on our financial position or results of operations. These forward-looking statements are based upon our current expectations and estimates associated with prospective events and circumstances that may or may not be within our control and as to which there can be no assurance. Actual results could differ materially from those implied by forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including but not limited to those described above, as well as those described in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 under Part I, Item 1 — “Business,” under Part I, Item 1A — “Risk Factors,” under Part I, Item 3 — “Legal Proceedings,” and under Part II, Item 7 — “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and those described in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, particularly under Part I, Item 2 – “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” The discussion of our business contained herein, including the identification and assessment of factors that may influence actual results, may not be exhaustive. Therefore, the information presented should be read together with other documents we file with the SEC from time to time, including our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and our Current Reports on Form 8-K, which may supplement, modify, supersede, or update the factors discussed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Any forward-looking statement made in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is based on information currently available to us and speaks only as of the date on which it is made. We do not undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statements as a result of future events or developments, except as required by law.

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Table of Contents

VICOR CORPORATION

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of

Financial Condition and Results of Operations

September 30, 2024

Overview

We design, develop, manufacture, and market modular power components and power systems for converting electrical power for use in electrically-powered devices. Our competitive position is supported by innovations in product design and achievements in product performance, largely enabled by our focus on the research and development of advanced technologies and processes, often implemented in proprietary semiconductor circuitry, materials, and packaging. Many of our products incorporate patented or proprietary implementations of high-frequency switching topologies enabling power system solutions that are more efficient and much smaller than conventional alternatives. Our strategy emphasizes demonstrable product differentiation and a value proposition based on competitively superior solution performance, advantageous design flexibility, and a compelling total cost of ownership. While we offer a wide range of alternating current (“AC”) and direct current (“DC”) power conversion products, we consider our core competencies to be associated with 48V DC distribution, which offers numerous inherent cost and performance advantages over lower distribution voltages. However, we also offer products addressing other DC voltage standards (e.g., 380V for power distribution in data centers, 110V for rail applications, 28V for military and avionics applications, and 24V for industrial automation).

Based on design, performance, and form factor considerations, as well as the range of evolving applications for which our products are appropriate, we categorize our product portfolios as either “Advanced Products” or “Brick Products.” The Advanced Products category consists of our more recently introduced products, which are largely used to implement our proprietary Factorized Power Architecture™ (“FPA”), an innovative power distribution architecture enabling flexible, rapid power system design using individual components optimized to perform a specific conversion function.

The Brick Products category largely consists of our broad and well-established families of integrated power converters, incorporating multiple conversion stages, used in conventional power systems architectures. Given the growth profiles of the markets we serve with our Advanced Products line and our Brick Products line, our strategy involves a transition in organizational focus, emphasizing investment in our Advanced Products line and targeting high growth market segments with a low-mix, high-volume operational model, while maintaining a profitable business in the mature market segments we serve with our Brick Products line with a high-mix, low-volume operational model.

The applications in which our Advanced Products and Brick Products are used are typically in the higher-performance, higher-power segments of the market segments we serve. With our Advanced Products, we generally serve large Original Equipment Manufacturers (“OEMs”), Original Design Manufacturers (“ODMs”), and their contract manufacturers, with sales currently concentrated in the data center and hyperscaler segments of enterprise computing, in which our products are used for power delivery on server motherboards, in server racks, and across datacenter infrastructure. We have established a leadership position in the emerging market segment for powering high-performance processors used for acceleration of applications associated with artificial intelligence (“AI”). Our customers in the AI market segment include the leading innovators in processor and accelerator design, as well as early adopters in cloud computing and high performance computing. We also serve applications in aerospace and aviation, defense electronics, satellites, factory automation, instrumentation, test equipment, transportation, telecommunications and networking infrastructure, and vehicles (notably in the autonomous driving, electric vehicle, and hybrid vehicle niches of the vehicle segment). With our Brick Products, we generally serve a fragmented base of large and small customers, concentrated in aerospace and defense electronics, industrial equipment, instrumentation and test equipment, and transportation (notably in rail and heavy equipment applications). With our strategic emphasis on larger, high-volume customers, we expect to experience over time a greater concentration of sales among relatively fewer customers.

Our quarterly consolidated operating results can be difficult to forecast and have been subject to significant fluctuations. We plan our production and inventory levels based on management’s estimates of customer demand, customer forecasts, and other information sources. Customer forecasts, particularly those of OEM, ODM, and contract manufacturing customers to which we supply Advanced Products in high volumes, are subject to scheduling changes on short notice, contributing to operating inefficiencies and excess costs. In addition, external factors such as supply chain uncertainties, which are often associated with the cyclicality of the electronics industry, regional macroeconomic and trade-related circumstances, and force majeure events (most recently evidenced by the COVID-19 pandemic), have caused our operating results to vary meaningfully. Supply chain disruptions, including those associated with our reliance on outsourced package process steps that are essential in the production of some of our Advanced Products, and those relating, for example, to the procurement of raw material, have in the past negatively impacted and may in the future negatively impact our operating results. We have taken steps to mitigate the impact of supply chain disruptions by, among other things and in varying degrees, moving outsourced manufacturing steps in-house to the Company, ordering supplies with extended lead times, paying higher prices for certain supplies or outsourced production, and expediting deliveries at a cost premium. The resulting

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Table of Contents

VICOR CORPORATION

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of

Financial Condition and Results of Operations

September 30, 2024

impact of the steps taken to mitigate supply chain disruptions have, to varying degrees and at different times, reduced our revenue, gross margin, operating profit and cash flow and may continue to do so in the future. Our quarterly gross margin as a percentage of net revenues may vary, depending on production volumes, average selling prices, average unit costs, the mix of products sold during that quarter, and the level of importation of raw materials subject to tariffs. Our quarterly operating margin as a percentage of net revenues also may vary with changes in revenue and product level profitability, but our operating costs are largely associated with compensation and related employee costs, which are not subject to sudden or significant changes.

Summary of Third Quarter 2024 Financial Performance Compared to Second Quarter 2024 Financial Performance

The following summarizes our financial performance for the third quarter of 2024, compared to the second quarter of 2024:

•
Net revenues increased 8.5% to $93,166,000 for the third quarter of 2024, from $85,854,000 for the second quarter of 2024. Net revenues for Brick Products increased 10.8% compared to the second quarter of 2024, primarily due to market demand. Advanced Products net revenues increased 6.5% compared to the second quarter of 2024, primarily due to increased royalty revenue in the third quarter of 2024.
•
Export sales represented approximately 49.0% of total net revenues in the third quarter of 2024 as compared to 43.3% in the second quarter of 2024.
•
Gross margin increased to $45,744,000 for the third quarter of 2024 from $42,771,000 for the second quarter of 2024, with gross margin, as a percentage of net revenues, decreasing to 49.1% for the third quarter of 2024 from 49.8% for the second quarter of 2024. The increase in gross margin dollars was primarily the result of higher sales volume in the third quarter of 2024, including royalty revenue, with the decrease in gross margin percentage primarily attributable to unfavorable product mix and higher supply chain costs, including increased freight-in and tariff spending of $1,153,000 (net of approximately $56,000 in duty drawback recovery in the third quarter of 2024 and $662,000 in duty drawback recovery in the second quarter of 2024 of previously paid tariffs) offset by production efficiencies.
•
Backlog, which represents the total value of orders for products for which shipment is scheduled within the next 12 months, was approximately $150,590,000 at the end of the third quarter of 2024, as compared to $153,794,000 at the end of the second quarter of 2024.
•
Operating expenses for the third quarter of 2024 decreased $2,199,000, or 5.2%, to $40,358,000 from $42,557,000 for the second quarter of 2024. Litigation-contingency expense related to the litigation with SynQor, Inc. ("SynQor") was $0 for the third quarter of 2024, compared to $2,300,000 for the second quarter of 2024. See Note 10 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the litigation with SynQor.
•
We reported net income for the third quarter of 2024 of $11,552,000, or $0.26 per diluted share, compared to a net loss of $(1,196,000), or $(0.03) per diluted share, for the second quarter of 2024.
•
For the third quarter of 2024, depreciation and amortization totaled $4,741,000 and capital additions totaled $8,455,000 as compared to depreciation and amortization of $4,661,000 and capital additions of $6,141,000 for the second quarter of 2024.
•
Inventories decreased by approximately $3,323,000, or 3.0%, to $105,761,000 at September 30, 2024, compared to $109,084,000 at June 30, 2024.

Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2023

Net revenues for the third quarter of 2024 were $93,166,000, a decrease of $14,678,000, or 13.6%, as compared to $107,844,000 for the third quarter of 2023. Net revenues, by product line, for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 were as follows (dollars in thousands):

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Decrease |
|  | 2024 |  |  |  | 2023 |  |  | $ |  |  | % |
Advanced Products |  | $ | 49,402 |  |  |  | $ | 58,412 |  |  | $ | (9,010 | ) |  |  | (15.4 | )%
Brick Products |  |  | 43,764 |  |  |  |  | 49,432 |  |  |  | (5,668 | ) |  |  | (11.5 | )%
Total |  | $ | 93,166 |  |  |  | $ | 107,844 |  |  | $ | (14,678 | ) |  |  | (13.6 | )%

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VICOR CORPORATION

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of

Financial Condition and Results of Operations

September 30, 2024

The decrease in net revenues for Advanced Products was primarily due to continued softness in underpenetrated markets, partially offset by increased royalty revenue in the quarter. The decrease in net revenues for Brick Products was primarily due to reduced market demand.

Gross margin for the third quarter of 2024 decreased $10,134,000, or 18.1%, to $45,744,000, from $55,878,000 for the third quarter of 2023. Gross margin, as a percentage of net revenues, decreased to 49.1% for the third quarter of 2024, compared to 51.8% for the third quarter of 2023. The decrease in gross margin dollars and gross margin percentage was primarily attributable to lower sales volume and unfavorable sales mix on that volume, offset by higher royalty revenue and improved production efficiencies and supply chain costs, including lower freight-in and tariff spending of $430,000 (net of approximately $56,000 in duty drawback recovery in the third quarter of 2024 and $0 in duty drawback recovery in the third quarter of 2023 of previously paid tariffs).

Selling, general and administrative expenses were $23,398,000 for the third quarter of 2024, an increase of $976,000, or 4.4%, from $22,422,000 for the third quarter of 2023. Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of net revenues increased to 25.1% for the third quarter of 2024 from 20.8% for the third quarter of 2023. The components of the $976,000 increase in selling, general and administrative expenses for the third quarter of 2024 from the third quarter of 2023 were as follows (dollars in thousands):

|  | Increase (decrease) |
Legal |  | $ | 1,312 |  |  |  | 44.1 | % |  |  | (1 | )
Compensation |  |  | 440 |  |  |  | 3.6 | % |  |  | (2 | )
Litigation, other |  |  | 377 |  |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  | (3 | )
Project Materials |  |  | 149 |  |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  |
Outside services |  |  | (474 | ) |  |  | (33.9 | )% |  |  | (4 | )
Commissions |  |  | (963 | ) |  |  | (100.0 | )% |  |  | (5 | )
Other, net |  |  | 135 |  |  |  | 2.6 | % |  |  |
|  | $ | 976 |  |  |  | 4.4 | % |  |  |

(1)
Increase primarily attributable to an increase in activity related to corporate legal matters, including the assertion of our intellectual property rights.
(2)
Increase primarily attributable to higher stock-based compensation expense associated with stock options awarded in May 2024.
(3)
Increase primarily attributable to an increase in post-judgment interest relating to the SynQor litigation-contingency accrual.

(4)
Decrease primarily attributable to a decrease in the use of consultants.
(5)
Decrease primarily attributable to the fact that the Company no longer uses outside sales representatives.

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Table of Contents

VICOR CORPORATION

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of

Financial Condition and Results of Operations

September 30, 2024

Research and development expenses were $16,960,000 for the third quarter of 2024, a decrease of $792,000, or 4.5%, compared to $17,752,000 for the third quarter of 2023. As a percentage of net revenues, research and development expenses increased to 18.2% for the third quarter of 2024 from 16.5% for the third quarter of 2023. The components of the $792,000 decrease in research and development expenses for the third quarter of 2024 from the third quarter of 2023 were as follows (dollars in thousands):

|  | Increase (decrease) |  |  |  |
Project and pre-production materials |  | $ | (1,343 | ) |  |  | (41.8 | )% |  |  | (1 | )
Supplies |  |  | (448 | ) |  |  | (58.1 | )% |  |  | (2 | )
Deferred costs |  |  | 129 |  |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  |
Facilities allocations |  |  | 179 |  |  |  | 22.5 | % |  |  |
Overhead absorption |  |  | 207 |  |  |  | 77.1 | % |  |  | (3 | )
Compensation |  |  | 325 |  |  |  | 3.0 | % |  |  | (4 | )
Other, net |  |  | 159 |  |  |  | 6.6 | % |  |  |
|  | $ | (792 | ) |  |  | (4.5 | )% |  |  |

(1)
Decrease primarily attributable to decreased prototype development costs for Advanced Products.
(2)
Decrease in engineering supplies.
(3)
Increase primarily attributable to a decrease in research and development personnel incurring time on production activities, compared to research and development activities.
(4)
Increase primarily attributable to higher stock-based compensation expense associated with stock options awarded in May 2024.

The significant components of ''Other income (expense), net'' for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 and the changes between the periods were as follows (in thousands):

|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | Increase (decrease) |
Interest income, net |  | $ | 3,032 |  |  | $ | 1,989 |  |  | $ | 1,043 |
Rental income |  |  | 284 |  |  |  | 198 |  |  |  | 86 |
Foreign currency gains (losses), net |  |  | 404 |  |  |  | (273 | ) |  |  | 677 |
Other, net |  |  | (7 | ) |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | (10 | )
|  | $ | 3,713 |  |  | $ | 1,917 |  |  | $ | 1,796 |

Our exposure to market risk fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates relates to the operations of Vicor Japan Company, Ltd. (“VJCL”), for which the functional currency is the Japanese Yen, and all other subsidiaries in Europe and Asia, for which the functional currency is the U.S. Dollar. These subsidiaries in Europe and Asia experienced favorable foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations in the third quarter of 2024 compared to the third quarter of 2023. Interest income for the three months ended September 30, 2024 increased due to higher balances of cash and cash equivalents held by the Company.

Income before income taxes was $9,099,000 for the third quarter of 2024, as compared to $17,621,000 for the third quarter of 2023.

The (benefit) provision for income taxes and the effective income tax rates for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 were as follows (dollars in thousands):

|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
(Benefit) provision for income taxes |  | $ | (2,455 | ) |  | $ | 1,038 |
Effective income tax rate |  |  | (27.0 | )% |  |  | 5.9 | %

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Table of Contents

VICOR CORPORATION

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of

Financial Condition and Results of Operations

September 30, 2024

For the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company calculated the income tax provision using the discrete method as this was more appropriate given the facts and circumstances. The Company determined that the application of the estimated annual effective tax rate method generally required by FASB ASC 740, Income Taxes, results in a disproportionate tax provision (benefit) for income taxes for the quarter relative to the expected provision for the full year.

The effective tax rates differ from the statutory tax rates for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 primarily due to the Company’s full valuation allowance position against domestic deferred tax assets. The (benefit) provision for income taxes for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 included estimated federal, state and foreign income taxes in jurisdictions in which the Company does not have sufficient tax attributes.

The Company’s tax expense and rate for the three months ended September 30, 2024 continues to be negatively impacted by the capitalization of research and development expenses under Section 174 in the U.S., which given the Company’s close to breakeven performance, is having an outsized impact on the rate by effectively moving from a book loss to a taxable income position, which causes a significant tax expense. This is further compounded by the Company not recording a deferred tax benefit from temporary differences due to the full valuation allowance on domestic deferred tax assets.

See Note 8 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for disclosure regarding our current assessment of the valuation allowance against all domestic deferred tax assets, and the possible release (i.e., reduction) of the allowance in the future.

We reported net income for the third quarter of 2024 of $11,552,000, or $0.26 per diluted share, compared to net income of $16,582,000, or $0.37 per diluted share, for the third quarter of 2023.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023

Net revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 were $262,892,000, a decrease of $49,515,000, or 15.8%, from $312,407,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Net revenues, by product line, for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and the nine months ended September 30, 2023 were as follows (dollars in thousands):

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Decrease |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | $ |  |  | % |
Advanced Products |  | $ | 139,050 |  |  | $ | 177,216 |  |  | $ | (38,166 | ) |  |  | (21.5 | )%
Brick Products |  |  | 123,842 |  |  |  | 135,191 |  |  |  | (11,349 | ) |  |  | (8.4 | )%
Total |  | $ | 262,892 |  |  | $ | 312,407 |  |  | $ | (49,515 | ) |  |  | (15.8 | )%

The decrease in net revenues for Advanced Products was primarily due to continued softness in underpenetrated markets, partially offset by increased royalty revenue. The decrease in net revenues for Brick Products was primarily due to reduced market demand.

Gross margin for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 decreased $23,947,000, or 15.2%, to $133,638,000 from $157,585,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Gross margin, as a percentage of net revenues, increased to 50.8% for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2024, as compared to 50.4% for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2023. The decrease in gross margin dollars was primarily the result of lower sales volume in the first nine months of 2024, with the increase in gross margin percentage primarily attributable to higher royalty revenue and improved production efficiencies compared to the first nine months of 2023 along with certain reductions in supply chain costs, including a reduction of $2,108,000 in outsourced manufacturing costs partially offset by incremental costs of bringing production in-house for certain Advanced Products, offset by slightly unfavorable sales mix and an increase in freight-in and tariff spending of $1,502,000 (net of approximately $717,000 in duty drawback recovery in the first nine months of 2024 and $5,715,000 in duty drawback recovery in the first nine months of 2023 of previously paid tariffs).

Selling, general and administrative expenses were $72,715,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, an increase of $9,695,000, or 15.4%, compared to $63,020,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of net revenues increased to 27.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 from 20.2% for the nine

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VICOR CORPORATION

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of

Financial Condition and Results of Operations

September 30, 2024

months ended September 30, 2023. The components of the $9,695,000 increase in selling, general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023 were as follows (dollars in thousands):

|  | Increase (decrease) |
Legal fees |  | $ | 9,772 |  |  |  | 188.3 | % |  |  | (1 | )
Compensation |  |  | 1,325 |  |  |  | 3.6 | % |  |  | (2 | )
Litigation, other |  |  | 615 |  |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  | (3 | )
Advertising |  |  | 140 |  |  |  | 3.9 | % |  |  |
Consultants |  |  | 109 |  |  |  | 205.1 | % |  |  |
Commissions |  |  | (2,531 | ) |  |  | (92.6 | )% |  |  | (4 | )
Other, net |  |  | 265 |  |  |  | 1.8 | % |  |  |
|  | $ | 9,695 |  |  |  | 15.4 | % |  |  |

(1)
Increase primarily attributable to an increase in activity related to corporate legal matters, including the assertion of our intellectual property rights.
(2)
Increase primarily attributable to annual compensation adjustments in May 2024 and higher stock-based compensation expense associated with stock options awarded in May 2024.
(3)
Increase primarily attributable to an increase in post-judgment interest relating to the SynQor litigation-contingency accrual.
(4)
Decrease primarily attributable to a reduced use of outside sales representatives.

Research and development expenses were $51,938,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, an increase of $1,382,000, or 2.7%, from $50,556,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. As a percentage of net revenues, research and development expenses increased to 19.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 from 16.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The components of the $1,382,000 increase in research and development expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023 were as follows (dollars in thousands):

|  | Increase (decrease) |  |  |  |
Overhead absorption |  | $ | 1,530 |  |  |  | 81.3 | % |  |  | (1 | )
Compensation |  |  | 803 |  |  |  | 2.4 | % |  |  | (2 | )
Facilities allocations |  |  | 293 |  |  |  | 12.6 | % |  |  | (3 | )
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 261 |  |  |  | 12.6 | % |  |  | (4 | )
Outside services |  |  | 202 |  |  |  | 29.7 | % |  |  | (5 | )
Gases |  |  | 189 |  |  |  | 28.1 | % |  |  |
Supplies |  |  | (964 | ) |  |  | (47.9 | )% |  |  | (6 | )
Project and pre-production materials |  |  | (1,161 | ) |  |  | (13.2 | )% |  |  | (7 | )
Other, net |  |  | 229 |  |  |  | 8.0 | % |  |  |
|  | $ | 1,382 |  |  |  | 2.7 | % |  |  |

(1)
Increase primarily attributable to a decrease in research and development personnel incurring time on production activities, compared to research and development activities.
(2)
Increase primarily attributable to annual compensation adjustments in May 2024 and higher stock-based compensation expense associated with stock options awarded in May 2024.
(3)
Increase primarily attributable to an increase in utilities and building maintenance expenses.
(4)
Increase attributable to net additions of furniture and fixtures and capitalization of building improvements.
(5)
Increase primarily attributable to an increase in the use of consultants.
(6)
Decrease in engineering supplies.

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VICOR CORPORATION

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of

Financial Condition and Results of Operations

September 30, 2024

(7)
Decrease primarily attributable to decreased prototype development costs for Advanced Products.

Litigation-contingency expense was $19,500,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 which related to the SynQor litigation, as compared to $0 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. See Note 10 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the SynQor litigation.

The significant components of ''Other income (expense), net'' for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and the changes from period to period were as follows (in thousands):

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Increase |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | (decrease) |
Interest income, net |  | $ | 8,625 |  |  | $ | 5,500 |  |  | $ | 3,125 |
Rental income |  |  | 708 |  |  |  | 594 |  |  |  | 114 |
Foreign currency losses, net |  |  | (60 | ) |  |  | (466 | ) |  |  | 406 |
Other, net |  |  | (29 | ) |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | (44 | )
|  | $ | 9,244 |  |  | $ | 5,643 |  |  | $ | 3,601 |

Our exposure to market risk fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates relates to the operations of VJCL, for which the functional currency is the Japanese Yen, and all other subsidiaries in Europe and Asia, for which the functional currency is the U.S. Dollar. These subsidiaries in Europe and Asia experienced less unfavorable foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations in the first nine months of 2024 compared to the first nine months of 2023. Interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 increased due to higher balances of cash and cash equivalents held by the Company.

(Loss) income before income taxes was $(1,271,000) for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, as compared to $49,652,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

The provision for income taxes and the effective income tax rates for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 were as follows (dollars in thousands):

|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Provision for income taxes |  | $ | 2,832 |  |  | $ | 4,716 |
Effective income tax rate |  |  | (222.8 | )% |  |  | 9.5 | %

The effective tax rates differ from the statutory tax rates for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 primarily due to the Company’s full valuation allowance position against domestic deferred tax assets. The provision for income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 included estimated federal, state and foreign income taxes in jurisdictions in which the Company does not have sufficient tax attributes.

The Company's tax expense and the rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 continues to be negatively impacted by the capitalization of research and development expenses under Section 174 in the U.S., which given the Company's nine month performance, is having an outsized impact on the rate by effectively moving from a book loss to a taxable income position, which causes a significant tax expense. This is further compounded by the Company not getting a deferred tax benefit from temporary differences due to the full valuation allowance on domestic deferred tax assets.

See Note 8 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for disclosure regarding our current assessment of the valuation allowance against all domestic deferred tax assets, and the possible release (i.e., reduction) of the allowance in the future.

We reported a net loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 of $(4,117,000), or $(0.09) per diluted share, as compared to net income of $44,927,000, or $1.00 per diluted share, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

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VICOR CORPORATION

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of

Financial Condition and Results of Operations

September 30, 2024

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of September 30, 2024, we had $267,605,000 in cash and cash equivalents. The ratio of total current assets to total current liabilities was 6.4:1 as of September 30, 2024 and 9.5:1 as of December 31, 2023. Working capital, defined as total current assets less total current liabilities, increased $4,256,000 to $380,453,000 as of September 30, 2024 from $376,197,000 as of December 31, 2023.

The changes in working capital from December 31, 2023 to September 30, 2024 were as follows (in thousands):

|  | Increase (decrease) |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 25,386 |
Accounts receivable |  |  | 5,894 |
Inventories |  |  | (818 | )
Other current assets |  |  | (4 | )
Accounts payable |  |  | (3,624 | )
Accrued compensation and benefits |  |  | (1,214 | )
Accrued expenses |  |  | (1,344 | )
Accrued litigation |  |  | (20,050 | )
Short-term deferred revenue |  |  | (1,041 | )
Other |  |  | 1,071 |
|  | $ | 4,256 |

The primary sources of cash for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 were $40,725,000 generated from operations and $7,047,000 received in connection with the exercise of options to purchase our Common Stock awarded under our stock option plans and the issuance of Common Stock under our 2017 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. The primary uses of cash during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 were for the purchase of property and equipment of $21,866,000.

In November 2000, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $30,000,000 of our Common Stock (the “November 2000 Plan”). In July 2024, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $100,000,000 of our Common Stock (the “New Repurchase Authorization”). The New Repurchase Authorization replaces the November 2000 Plan in its entirety and no further repurchases will be made pursuant to the November 2000 Plan. As of September 30, 2024, we had approximately $99,503,000 remaining available for repurchases of our Common Stock under the New Repurchase Authorization.

The timing and amounts of Common Stock repurchases under the New Repurchase Authorization are at the discretion of the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer based upon economic and financial market conditions.

As of September 30, 2024, we had a total of approximately $14,073,000 of cancelable and non-cancelable capital expenditure commitments, principally for manufacturing and production equipment, which we intend to fund with existing cash, and approximately $2,976,000 of capital expenditure items and internal-use software which had been received and included in Property, plant and equipment, net in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, but not yet paid for. Our primary needs for liquidity are for making continuing investments in manufacturing and production equipment. We believe cash generated from operations together with our available cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to fund planned operational needs and capital equipment purchases, for both the short and long term.

We do not consider the impact of inflation or fluctuations in the exchange rates for foreign currency transactions to have been significant during the last three fiscal years.

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VICOR CORPORATION

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of

Financial Condition and Results of Operations

September 30, 2024

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

There have been no material changes in our judgments and assumptions associated with the development of our critical accounting estimates during the period ended September 30, 2024. Refer to the section entitled “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” in Part II, Item 7 – “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

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Vicor Corporation

September 30, 2024

Item 3 — Quantitative and Qu alitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We are exposed to a variety of market risks, including changes in interest rates affecting the return on our cash and cash equivalents, our short-term investments and fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. As our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments consist principally of cash accounts, money market securities, and U.S. Treasury securities, which are short-term in nature, we believe our exposure to market risk on interest rate fluctuations for these investments is not significant. As of September 30, 2024, our long-term investment portfolio, recorded on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as “Long-term investment, net”, consisted of a single auction rate security with a par value of $3,000,000, purchased through and held in custody by a broker-dealer affiliate of Bank of America, N.A., that has experienced failed auctions (the “Failed Auction Security”) since February 2008. While the Failed Auction Security is Aaa/AA+ rated by major credit rating agencies, collateralized by student loans and guaranteed by the U.S. Department of Education under the Federal Family Education Loan Program, continued failure to sell at its periodic auction dates (i.e., reset dates) could negatively impact the carrying value of the investment, in turn leading to impairment charges in future periods. Periodic changes in the fair value of the Failed Auction Security attributable to credit loss (i.e., risk of the issuer’s default) are recorded through earnings as a component of “Other income (expense), net”, with the remainder of any periodic change in fair value not related to credit loss (i.e., temporary “mark-to-market” carrying value adjustments) recorded in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss”, a component of Stockholders’ Equity. Should we conclude a decline in the fair value of the Failed Auction Security is other than temporary, such losses would be recorded through earnings as a component of “Other income (expense), net”. We do not believe there was an “other-than-temporary” decline in value in this security as of September 30, 2024.

Our exposure to market risk for fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates relates to the operations of VJCL, for which the functional currency is the Japanese Yen, and changes in the relative value of the Yen to the U.S. Dollar. The functional currency of all other subsidiaries in Europe and other subsidiaries in Asia is the U.S. Dollar. While we believe the risk of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates for these subsidiaries is generally not significant, they can be subject to substantial currency changes, and therefore foreign exchange exposures.

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Vicor Corporation

September 30, 2024

Item 4 — Contr ols and Procedures

(a)
Disclosure regarding controls and procedures.

As required by Rule 13a-15 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) (who is our principal executive officer) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”) (who is our principal financial officer), conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the last fiscal quarter (i.e., September 30, 2024). The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company's management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2024, our CEO and CFO concluded, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. Accordingly, management, including the CEO and CFO, recognizes our disclosure controls or our internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect all errors and all fraud. The design of a control system must reflect the fact there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Further, because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Controls can also be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls is based in part on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Projections of any control’s effectiveness to future periods are subject to risks. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or deterioration in the degree of compliance with policies or procedures.

(b)
Changes in internal control over financial reporting.

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2024, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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Vicor Corporation

Part II – Ot her Information

September 30, 2024

Item 1 — Leg al Proceedings

See Note 10. Commitments and Contingencies in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 – “Financial Statements.”

Item 1A — Risk Factors

There have been no material changes in the risk factors described in Part I, Item 1A – “Risk Factors” of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Item 2 — Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Third Quarter 2024 |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased |  |  | Average Price Paid per Share |  |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |  |  | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs |
July 1 - 31, 2024 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 100,000,000 |
August 1 - 31, 2024 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 100,000,000 |
September 1 - 30, 2024 |  |  | 14,304 |  |  | $ | 34.84 |  |  |  | 14,304 |  |  | $ | 99,502,521 |
Total |  |  | 14,304 |  |  | $ | 34.84 |  |  |  | 14,304 |  |  | $ | 99,502,521 |

In November 2000, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $30,000,000 of our Common Stock (the “November 2000 Plan”). In July 2024, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $100,000,000 of our Common Stock (the “New Repurchase Authorization”). The New Repurchase Authorization replaces the November 2000 Plan in its entirety and no further repurchases will be made pursuant to the November 2000 Plan. The timing and amounts of Common Stock repurchases pursuant to the New Repurchase Authorization are at the discretion of the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer based upon economic and financial market conditions. The New Repurchase Authorization does not expire.

Item 5 — Other Information

During the three months ended September 30, 2024, no director or Section 16 officer of the Company adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K, except that, on September 12, 2024, Andrew T. D’Amico, a member of the Company’s Board of Directors, adopted a new Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement providing for the sale, pursuant to the terms of the arrangement, of an aggregate of up to 39,769 shares of the Company’s common stock plus any additional shares that remain unsold under his previous Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (the “Prior Plan”). As of September 30, 2024, 14,562 shares remained available for sale pursuant to the Prior Plan. The new trading arrangement is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense in Rule 10b5-1(c). The duration of the new trading arrangement is estimated to be from January 6, 2025 until December 31, 2026.

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Item 6 — Exhibits

Exhibit Number |  | Description
3.1 |  | Restated Certificate of Incorporation, dated February 28, 1990 (1)
3.2 |  | Certificate of Ownership and Merger Merging Westcor Corporation, a Delaware Corporation, into Vicor Corporation, a Delaware corporation, dated December 3, 1990 (1)
3.3 |  | Certificate of Amendment of Restated Certificate of Incorporation, dated May 10, 1991 (1)
3.4 |  | Certificate of Amendment of Restated Certificate of Incorporation, dated June 23, 1992 (1)
3.5 |  | Bylaws, as amended (2)
31.1 |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Exchange Act.
31.2 |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Exchange Act.
32.1 |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2 |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS |  | Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
|  | (1) Filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 29, 2001 (File No. 000-18277) and incorporated herein by reference.
|  | (2) Filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 4, 2020 (File No. 000-18277) and incorporated herein by reference.

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SIGNAT URES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  | VICOR CORPORATION
Date: October 30, 2024 |  | By: |  | /s/ Patrizio Vinciarelli
|  |  |  | Patrizio Vinciarelli
|  |  |  | Chairman of the Board, President and
|  |  |  | Chief Executive Officer
|  |  |  | (Principal Executive Officer)
Date: October 30, 2024 |  | By: |  | /s/ James F. Schmidt
|  |  |  | James F. Schmidt
|  |  |  | Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
|  |  |  | (Principal Financial Officer)

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