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Loans Receivable and Allowance for Loan Losses | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2017
Receivables [Abstract] |
Loans Receivable and Allowance for Loan Losses | LOANS RECEIVABLE AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES - As Restated The following table presents loans receivable as of December 31, 2017 and 2016:
| December 31,
| 2017 |  | 2016
(amounts in thousands) | (As Restated) |  | (As Restated)
Loans receivable, mortgage warehouse, at fair value | $ | 1,793,408 |  |  | $ | 2,116,815 |
Loans receivable: |  |  |
Commercial: |  |  |
Multi-family | 3,502,381 |  |  | 3,214,999 |
Commercial and industrial (includes owner occupied commercial real estate) | 1,633,818 |  |  | 1,382,343 |
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied | 1,218,719 |  |  | 1,193,715 |
Construction | 85,393 |  |  | 64,789 |
Total commercial loans receivable | 6,440,311 |  |  | 5,855,846 |
Consumer: |  |  |
Residential real estate | 234,090 |  |  | 193,502 |
Manufactured housing | 90,227 |  |  | 101,730 |
Other | 3,547 |  |  | 3,483 |
Total consumer loans receivable | 327,864 |  |  | 298,715 |
Loans receivable | 6,768,175 |  |  | 6,154,561 |
Deferred costs and unamortized premiums, net | 83 |  |  | 76 |
Allowance for loan losses | (38,015 | ) |  | (37,315 | )
Total loans receivable, net of allowance for loan losses | $ | 8,523,651 |  |  | $ | 8,234,137 |
Included in December 31, 2016 loans receivable balances above are $11.5 million of commercial and industrial loans and $0.7 million of other consumer loans that were previously classified as held for sale at December 31, 2016 and have been reclassified to held and used to conform with the current period presentation. Customers' total loans receivable portfolio includes loans receivable which are reported at fair value based on an election made to account for these loans at fair value and loans receivable which are predominately reported at their outstanding unpaid principal balance, net of charge-offs and deferred costs and fees and unamortized premiums and discounts and are evaluated for impairment. Loans receivable, mortgage warehouse, at fair value: Mortgage warehouse loans consist of commercial loans to mortgage companies. These mortgage warehouse lending transactions are subject to master repurchase agreements. As a result of the contractual provisions, for accounting purposes control of the underlying mortgage loan has not transferred and the rewards and risks of the mortgage loans are not assumed by Customers. The commercial mortgage warehouse loans receivable are designated as loans held for investment and reported at fair value based on an election made to account for the loans at fair value. Pursuant to the agreements, Customers funds the pipelines for these mortgage lenders by sending payments directly to the closing agents for funded mortgage loans and receives proceeds directly from third party investors when the underlying mortgage loans are sold into the secondary market. The fair value of the mortgage warehouse loans is estimated as the amount of cash initially advanced to fund the mortgage, plus accrued interest and fees, as specified in the respective agreements. The interest rates on these loans are variable, and the lending transactions are short-term, with an average life of 22 days from purchase to sale. The primary goal of these lending transactions is to provide liquidity to mortgage companies. At December, 2017 and 2016, all of Customers' commercial mortgage warehouse loans were current in terms of payment. Because these loans are reported at their fair value, they do not have an allowance for loan loss and are therefore excluded from allowance for loan losses related disclosures. Loans receivable: The following tables summarize loans receivable by loan type and performance status as of December 31, 2017 and 2016:
| December 31, 2017
| 30-89 Days Past Due (1) |  | 90 Or More Days Past Due (1) |  | Total Past Due Still Accruing (1) |  | Non- Accrual |  | Current (2) |  | Purchased Credit- Impaired Loans (3) |  | Total Loans (4)
(amounts in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Multi-family | $ | 4,900 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,900 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,495,600 |  |  | $ | 1,881 |  |  | $ | 3,502,381 |
Commercial and industrial | 103 |  |  | — |  |  | 103 |  |  | 17,392 |  |  | 1,130,831 |  |  | 764 |  |  | 1,149,090 |
Commercial real estate - owner occupied | 202 |  |  | — |  |  | 202 |  |  | 1,453 |  |  | 472,501 |  |  | 10,572 |  |  | 484,728 |
Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied | 93 |  |  | — |  |  | 93 |  |  | 160 |  |  | 1,213,216 |  |  | 5,250 |  |  | 1,218,719 |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 85,393 |  |  | — |  |  | 85,393 |
Residential real estate | 7,628 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,628 |  |  | 5,420 |  |  | 215,361 |  |  | 5,681 |  |  | 234,090 |
Manufactured housing (5) | 4,028 |  |  | 2,743 |  |  | 6,771 |  |  | 1,959 |  |  | 78,946 |  |  | 2,551 |  |  | 90,227 |
Other consumer | 116 |  |  | — |  |  | 116 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 3,184 |  |  | 216 |  |  | 3,547 |
Total | $ | 17,070 |  |  | $ | 2,743 |  |  | $ | 19,813 |  |  | $ | 26,415 |  |  | $ | 6,695,032 |  |  | $ | 26,915 |  |  | $ | 6,768,175 |
| December 31, 2016
| 30-89 Days Past Due (1) |  | 90 Or More Days Past Due (1) |  | Total Past Due Still Accruing (1) |  | Non- Accrual |  | Current (2) |  | Purchased- Credit- Impaired Loans (3) |  | Total Loans (4)
(amounts in thousands) |  |
Multi-family | $ | 12,573 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,573 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,200,322 |  |  | $ | 2,104 |  |  | $ | 3,214,999 |
Commercial and industrial | 350 |  |  | — |  |  | 350 |  |  | 8,443 |  |  | 978,881 |  |  | 1,037 |  |  | 988,711 |
Commercial real estate - owner occupied | 137 |  |  | — |  |  | 137 |  |  | 2,039 |  |  | 379,227 |  |  | 12,229 |  |  | 393,632 |
Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,057 |  |  | 1,185,331 |  |  | 6,327 |  |  | 1,193,715 |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 64,789 |  |  | — |  |  | 64,789 |
Residential real estate | 4,417 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,417 |  |  | 2,959 |  |  | 178,559 |  |  | 7,567 |  |  | 193,502 |
Manufactured housing (5) | 3,761 |  |  | 2,813 |  |  | 6,574 |  |  | 2,236 |  |  | 89,850 |  |  | 3,070 |  |  | 101,730 |
Other consumer | 12 |  |  | — |  |  | 12 |  |  | 58 |  |  | 3,177 |  |  | 236 |  |  | 3,483 |
Total | $ | 21,250 |  |  | $ | 2,813 |  |  | $ | 24,063 |  |  | $ | 17,792 |  |  | $ | 6,080,136 |  |  | $ | 32,570 |  |  | $ | 6,154,561 |
(1) | Includes past-due loans that are accruing interest because collection is considered probable.
(2) | Loans where next payment due is less than 30 days from the report date.
(3) | Purchased credit-impaired loans aggregated into a pool are accounted for as a single asset with a single composite interest rate and an aggregate expectation of cash flows, and the past-due status of the pools, or that of the individual loans within the pools, is not meaningful. Because of the credit-impaired nature of the loans, the loans are recorded at a discount reflecting estimated future cash flows and Customers recognizes interest income on each pool of loans reflecting the estimated yield and passage of time. Such loans are considered to be performing. Purchased credit-impaired loans that are not in pools accrete interest when the timing and amount of their expected cash flows are reasonably estimable and are reported as performing loans.
(4) | Amounts exclude deferred costs and fees, unamortized premiums and unaccreted discounts and the allowance for loan losses.
(5) | Manufactured housing loans purchased in 2010 are supported by cash reserves held at Customers that are used to fund past-due payments when the loan becomes 90 days or more delinquent. Subsequent purchases are subject to varying provisions in the event of borrowers’ delinquencies.
As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, Customers had $0.3 million and $0.5 million, respectively, of residential real estate recorded in Other real estate owned in the consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Bank had initiated foreclosure proceedings on $1.6 million and $0.4 million, respectively, in loans secured by residential real estate. Allowance for Loan Losses The changes in the allowance for loan losses for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, and the loans and allowance for loan losses by loan type based on impairment-evaluation method are presented in the tables below. The amounts presented for the provision for loan losses below do not include the effect of changes to estimated benefits resulting from the FDIC loss share arrangements for the covered loans for periods prior to the termination of the FDIC loss sharing arrangements.
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2017 | Multi-family |  | Commercial and Industrial |  | Commercial Real Estate Owner Occupied |  | Commercial Real Estate Non-Owner Occupied |  | Construction |  | Residential Real Estate |  | Manufactured Housing |  | Other Consumer |  | Total
(amounts in thousands) |
Allowance for loan losses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ending Balance, December 31, 2016 | $ | 11,602 |  |  | $ | 11,050 |  |  | $ | 2,183 |  |  | $ | 7,894 |  |  | $ | 840 |  |  | $ | 3,342 |  |  | $ | 286 |  |  | $ | 118 |  |  | $ | 37,315 |
Charge-offs | — |  |  | (4,157 | ) |  | (731 | ) |  | (486 | ) |  | — |  |  | (415 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1,338 | ) |  | (7,127 | )
Recoveries | — |  |  | 676 |  |  | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | 164 |  |  | 72 |  |  | — |  |  | 138 |  |  | 1,059 |
Provision for loan losses | 566 |  |  | 3,349 |  |  | 1,771 |  |  | 29 |  |  | (25 | ) |  | (70 | ) |  | (106 | ) |  | 1,254 |  |  | 6,768 |
Ending Balance, December 31, 2017 | $ | 12,168 |  |  | $ | 10,918 |  |  | $ | 3,232 |  |  | $ | 7,437 |  |  | $ | 979 |  |  | $ | 2,929 |  |  | $ | 180 |  |  | $ | 172 |  |  | $ | 38,015 |
Loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | — |  |  | $ | 17,461 |  |  | $ | 1,448 |  |  | $ | 160 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9,247 |  |  | $ | 10,089 |  |  | $ | 30 |  |  | $ | 38,435 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | 3,500,500 |  |  | 1,130,865 |  |  | 472,708 |  |  | 1,213,309 |  |  | 85,393 |  |  | 219,162 |  |  | 77,587 |  |  | 3,301 |  |  | 6,702,825 |
Loans acquired with credit deterioration | 1,881 |  |  | 764 |  |  | 10,572 |  |  | 5,250 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,681 |  |  | 2,551 |  |  | 216 |  |  | 26,915 |
| $ | 3,502,381 |  |  | $ | 1,149,090 |  |  | $ | 484,728 |  |  | $ | 1,218,719 |  |  | $ | 85,393 |  |  | $ | 234,090 |  |  | $ | 90,227 |  |  | $ | 3,547 |  |  | $ | 6,768,175 |
Allowance for loan losses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | — |  |  | $ | 650 |  |  | $ | 642 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 155 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,451 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | 12,168 |  |  | 9,804 |  |  | 2,580 |  |  | 4,630 |  |  | 979 |  |  | 2,177 |  |  | 82 |  |  | 117 |  |  | 32,537 |
Loans acquired with credit deterioration | — |  |  | 464 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 2,807 |  |  | — |  |  | 597 |  |  | 94 |  |  | 55 |  |  | 4,027 |
| $ | 12,168 |  |  | $ | 10,918 |  |  | $ | 3,232 |  |  | $ | 7,437 |  |  | $ | 979 |  |  | $ | 2,929 |  |  | $ | 180 |  |  | $ | 172 |  |  | $ | 38,015 |
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2016 | Multi-family |  | Commercial and Industrial |  | Commercial Real Estate Owner Occupied |  | Commercial Real Estate Non-Owner Occupied |  | Construction |  | Residential Real Estate |  | Manufactured Housing |  | Other Consumer |  | Total
(amounts in thousands) |
Allowance for loan losses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ending Balance, December 31, 2015 | $ | 12,016 |  |  | $ | 8,864 |  |  | $ | 1,348 |  |  | $ | 8,420 |  |  | $ | 1,074 |  |  | $ | 3,298 |  |  | $ | 494 |  |  | $ | 133 |  |  | $ | 35,647 |
Charge-offs | — |  |  | (2,920 | ) |  | (27 | ) |  | (140 | ) |  | — |  |  | (493 | ) |  | — |  |  | (825 | ) |  | (4,405 | )
Recoveries | — |  |  | 381 |  |  | — |  |  | 130 |  |  | 1,854 |  |  | 367 |  |  | — |  |  | 11 |  |  | 2,743 |
Provision for loan losses | (414 | ) |  | 4,725 |  |  | 862 |  |  | (516 | ) |  | (2,088 | ) |  | 170 |  |  | (208 | ) |  | 799 |  |  | 3,330 |
Ending Balance, December 31, 2016 | $ | 11,602 |  |  | $ | 11,050 |  |  | $ | 2,183 |  |  | $ | 7,894 |  |  | $ | 840 |  |  | $ | 3,342 |  |  | $ | 286 |  |  | $ | 118 |  |  | $ | 37,315 |
Loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,516 |  |  | $ | 2,050 |  |  | $ | 2,151 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,972 |  |  | $ | 9,665 |  |  | $ | 57 |  |  | $ | 29,411 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | 3,212,895 |  |  | 979,158 |  |  | 379,353 |  |  | 1,185,237 |  |  | 64,789 |  |  | 178,963 |  |  | 88,995 |  |  | 3,190 |  |  | 6,092,580 |
Loans acquired with credit deterioration | 2,104 |  |  | 1,037 |  |  | 12,229 |  |  | 6,327 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,567 |  |  | 3,070 |  |  | 236 |  |  | 32,570 |
| $ | 3,214,999 |  |  | $ | 988,711 |  |  | $ | 393,632 |  |  | $ | 1,193,715 |  |  | $ | 64,789 |  |  | $ | 193,502 |  |  | $ | 101,730 |  |  | $ | 3,483 |  |  | $ | 6,154,561 |
Allowance for loan losses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,024 |  |  | $ | 287 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 35 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,360 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | 11,602 |  |  | 9,686 |  |  | 1,896 |  |  | 4,626 |  |  | 772 |  |  | 2,414 |  |  | 88 |  |  | 60 |  |  | 31,144 |
Loans acquired with credit deterioration | — |  |  | 340 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,254 |  |  | 68 |  |  | 893 |  |  | 198 |  |  | 58 |  |  | 4,811 |
| $ | 11,602 |  |  | $ | 11,050 |  |  | $ | 2,183 |  |  | $ | 7,894 |  |  | $ | 840 |  |  | $ | 3,342 |  |  | $ | 286 |  |  | $ | 118 |  |  | $ | 37,315 |
Certain manufactured housing loans were purchased in August 2010. A portion of the purchase price may be used to reimburse Customers under the specified terms in the purchase agreement for defaults of the underlying borrower and other specified items. At December 31, 2017 and 2016, funds available for reimbursement, if necessary, were $0.6 million and $1.0 million, respectively. Each quarter, these funds are evaluated to determine if they would be sufficient to absorb probable losses within the manufactured housing portfolio. Loans Individually Evaluated for Impairment The following tables present the recorded investment (net of charge-offs), unpaid principal balance and related allowance by loan type for impaired loans that are individually evaluated for impairment as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, and the average recorded investment and interest income recognized for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015. Purchased credit-impaired loans are considered to be performing and are not included in the tables below.
| December 31, 2017 |  | Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2017
| Recorded Investment Net of Charge Offs |  | Unpaid Principal Balance |  | Related Allowance |  | Average Recorded Investment |  | Interest Income Recognized
(amounts in thousands) |
With no recorded allowance |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial | $ | 9,138 |  |  | $ | 9,287 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,865 |  |  | $ | 214 |
Commercial real estate - owner occupied | 806 |  |  | 806 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,439 |  |  | 70 |
Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied | 160 |  |  | 272 |  |  | — |  |  | 898 |  |  | 2 |
Other consumer | 30 |  |  | 30 |  |  | — |  |  | 51 |  |  | — |
Residential real estate | 3,628 |  |  | 3,801 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,617 |  |  | 24 |
Manufactured housing | 9,865 |  |  | 9,865 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,003 |  |  | 558 |
With an allowance recorded |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial | 8,323 |  |  | 8,506 |  |  | 650 |  |  | 5,984 |  |  | 230 |
Commercial real estate - owner occupied | 642 |  |  | 642 |  |  | 642 |  |  | 882 |  |  | — |
Residential real estate | 5,619 |  |  | 5,656 |  |  | 155 |  |  | 3,307 |  |  | 187 |
Manufactured housing | 224 |  |  | 224 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 131 |  |  | 8 |
Total | $ | 38,435 |  |  | $ | 39,089 |  |  | $ | 1,451 |  |  | $ | 36,177 |  |  | $ | 1,293 |
| December 31, 2016 |  | Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2016 |  | Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2015
| Recorded Investment Net of Charge Offs |  | Unpaid Principal Balance |  | Related Allowance |  | Average Recorded Investment |  | Interest Income Recognized |  | Average Recorded Investment |  | Interest Income Recognized
(amounts in thousands) |  |  |  |  |
With no recorded allowance |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Multi-family | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 964 |  |  | $ | 53 |  |  | $ | 267 |  |  | $ | 24 |
Commercial and industrial | 2,396 |  |  | 3,430 |  |  | — |  |  | 15,424 |  |  | 804 |  |  | 8,543 |  |  | 891 |
Commercial real estate - owner occupied | 1,210 |  |  | 1,210 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,963 |  |  | 426 |  |  | 6,526 |  |  | 454 |
Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied | 2,002 |  |  | 2,114 |  |  |  |  | 5,265 |  |  | 155 |  |  | 6,605 |  |  | 648 |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 749 |  |  | — |
Other consumer | 57 |  |  | 57 |  |  | — |  |  | 47 |  |  | — |  |  | 42 |  |  | 1 |
Residential real estate | 6,682 |  |  | 6,749 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,567 |  |  | 120 |  |  | 2,254 |  |  | 86 |
Manufactured housing | 9,665 |  |  | 9,665 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,961 |  |  | 465 |  |  | 5,433 |  |  | 368 |
With an allowance recorded |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Multi-family | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 232 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Commercial and industrial | 6,120 |  |  | 6,120 |  |  | 1,024 |  |  | 7,028 |  |  | 436 |  |  | 9,331 |  |  | 191 |
Commercial real estate - owner occupied | 840 |  |  | 840 |  |  | 287 |  |  | 173 |  |  | — |  |  | 15 |  |  | 1 |
Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied | 149 |  |  | 204 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 380 |  |  | — |  |  | 817 |  |  | 12 |
Other consumer | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 29 |  |  | — |  |  | 83 |  |  | — |
Residential real estate | 290 |  |  | 303 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 395 |  |  | — |  |  | 426 |  |  | 2 |
Total | $ | 29,411 |  |  | $ | 30,692 |  |  | $ | 1,360 |  |  | $ | 51,428 |  |  | $ | 2,459 |  |  | $ | 41,091 |  |  | $ | 2,678 |
Troubled Debt Restructurings At December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, there were $20.4 million, $16.4 million and $11.4 million, respectively, in loans categorized as troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”). TDRs are reported as impaired loans in the calendar year of their restructuring and are evaluated to determine whether they should be placed on non-accrual status. In subsequent years, a TDR may be returned to accruing status if the borrower satisfies a minimum six-month performance requirement; however, the TDR will remain classified as impaired. Generally, the Customers requires sustained performance for nine months before returning a TDR to accruing status. Modifications of purchased credit-impaired loans that are accounted for within loan pools in accordance with the accounting standards for purchased credit-impaired loans do not result in the removal of these loans from the pool even if the modifications would otherwise be considered a TDR. Accordingly, as each pool is accounted for as a single asset with a single composite interest rate and an aggregate expectation of cash flows, modifications of loans within such pools are not considered TDRs. The following table presents total TDRs based on loan type and accrual status at December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015. Nonaccrual TDRs are included in the reported amount of total non-accrual loans.
| December 31, |
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
| Accruing TDRs | Nonaccrual TDRs | Total |  | Accruing TDRs | Nonaccrual TDRs | Total |  | Accruing TDRs | Nonaccrual TDRs | Total
(amounts in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial | $ | 63 |  | $ | 5,939 |  | $ | 6,002 |  |  | $ | 73 |  | $ | 146 |  | $ | 219 |  |  | $ | 27 |  | $ | 518 |  | $ | 545 |
Commercial real estate owner occupied | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | 12 |  | — |  | 12 |  |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | 1,945 |  | 1,945 |  |  | — |  | 204 |  | 204 |
Manufactured housing | 8,130 |  | 1,766 |  | 9,896 |  |  | 7,429 |  | 2,072 |  | 9,501 |  |  | 5,911 |  | 2,389 |  | 8,300 |
Residential real estate | 3,828 |  | 703 |  | 4,531 |  |  | 4,012 |  | 707 |  | 4,719 |  |  | 2,332 |  | 61 |  | 2,393 |
Total TDRs | $ | 12,021 |  | $ | 8,408 |  | $ | 20,429 |  |  | $ | 11,526 |  | $ | 4,870 |  | $ | 16,396 |  |  | $ | 8,270 |  | $ | 3,172 |  | $ | 11,442 |
The following table presents loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring by type of concession for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015. There were no modifications that involved forgiveness of debt.
| For the Years Ended December 31,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
| Number of Loans |  | Recorded Investment |  | Number of Loans |  | Recorded Investment |  | Number of Loans |  | Recorded Investment
(dollars in thousands) |  |  |  |  |
Extensions of maturity | 5 |  |  | $ | 6,497 |  |  | 3 |  |  | $ | 1,995 |  |  | 1 |  |  | $ | 183 |
Interest-rate reductions | 35 |  |  | 1,574 |  |  | 61 |  |  | 4,621 |  |  | 161 |  |  | 7,274 |
Total | 40 |  |  | $ | 8,071 |  |  | 64 |  |  | $ | 6,616 |  |  | 162 |  |  | $ | 7,457 |
The following table provides, by loan type, the number of loans modified in troubled debt restructurings and the related recorded investment for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.
| For the Years Ended December 31,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
| Number of Loans |  | Recorded Investment |  | Number of Loans |  | Recorded Investment |  | Number of Loans |  | Recorded Investment
(dollars in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial | 4 |  |  | $ | 6,437 |  |  | 1 |  |  | $ | 76 |  |  | 3 |  |  | $ | 791 |
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1,844 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 211 |
Manufactured housing | 36 |  |  | 1,634 |  |  | 58 |  |  | 2,286 |  |  | 156 |  |  | 6,251 |
Residential real estate | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | 2,410 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 204 |
Total loans | 40 |  |  | $ | 8,071 |  |  | 64 |  |  | $ | 6,616 |  |  | 162 |  |  | $ | 7,457 |
As of December 31, 2017, except for one commercial and industrial loan with an outstanding commitment of $2.1 million, there were no other commitments to lend additional funds to debtors whose loans have been modified in TDRs. There were no commitments to lend additional funds to debtors whose terms had been modified in TDRs at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. As of December 31, 2017, five manufactured housing loans totaling $0.2 million that were modified in troubled debt restructurings within the past twelve months defaulted on payments. As of December 31, 2016, eight manufactured housing loans totaling $0.2 million, one commercial real estate non-owner occupied loan of $1.8 million and one residential real estate loan of $0.1 million that had been modified in troubled debt restructurings within the past twelve months defaulted on payments. As of December 31, 2015, eleven manufactured housing loans totaling $0.3 million that had been modified in troubled debt restructurings within the past 12 months defaulted on payments. Loans modified in troubled debt restructurings are evaluated for impairment. The nature and extent of impairment of TDRs, including those that have experienced a subsequent default, is considered in the determination of an appropriate level of allowance for loan losses. For the year ended December 31, 2017, there was one allowance recorded as a result of TDR modifications totaling $1 thousand for one manufactured housing loan. There were no allowances recorded as a result of TDR modifications during 2016. There were three allowances recorded as a result of TDR modifications during 2015 totaling $0.2 million for two commercial and industrial loans, and $0.1 million for one commercial real estate non-owner occupied loan. Purchased Credit-Impaired Loans The changes in accretable yield related to purchased credit-impaired loans for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, were as follows:
| For the Years Ended December 31,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
(amounts in thousands) |
Accretable yield balance as of December 31, | $ | 10,202 |  |  | $ | 12,947 |  |  | $ | 17,606 |
Accretion to interest income | (1,673 | ) |  | (3,760 | ) |  | (2,299 | )
Reclassification from nonaccretable difference and disposals, net | (704 | ) |  | 1,015 |  |  | (2,360 | )
Accretable yield balance as of December 31, | $ | 7,825 |  |  | $ | 10,202 |  |  | $ | 12,947 |
Allowance for Loan Losses and the FDIC Loss Sharing Receivable and Clawback Liability In 2010, Customers acquired certain loans pursuant to FDIC-assisted transactions in which losses from resolution of the nonperforming loans were eligible for partial reimbursement by the FDIC ("covered loans"). Subsequent to the purchase date, the expected cash flows on the covered loans were subject to evaluation. Decreases in the present value of expected cash flows on the covered loans were recognized by increasing the allowance for loan losses with a related charge to the provision for loan losses. At the same time, the FDIC loss sharing receivable balance was increased reflecting an estimated future collection from the FDIC, which was recorded as a reduction to the provision for loan losses. If the expected cash flows on the covered loans increased such that a previously recorded impairment could be reversed, Customers recorded a reduction in the allowance for loan losses (with a related credit to the provision for loan losses) accompanied by a reduction in the FDIC loss sharing receivable balance (with a related charge to the provision for loan losses). Increases in expected cash flows on covered loans and decreases in expected cash flows from the FDIC loss sharing receivable, when there were no previously recorded impairments, were considered together and recognized over the remaining life of the loans as interest income. Decreases in the valuations of other real estate owned covered by the loss sharing agreements were recorded net of the estimated FDIC receivable as an increase to other real estate owned expense (a component of non-interest expense). As part of the FDIC loss sharing agreements, Customers also assumed a potential liability to be paid within 45 days subsequent to the maturity or termination of the loss sharing agreements that was contingent upon actual losses incurred over the life of the agreements relative to the expected losses and the consideration paid upon acquisition of the failed institutions (the "Clawback liability"). Due to cash receipts on the covered assets in excess of the original expectations of the FDIC, Customers anticipated that it would be required to pay an amount to the FDIC at the end of the loss sharing agreements. Customers presented the FDIC Loss Sharing Receivable, net of the Clawback liability on the consolidated balance sheets. In the event the Clawback liability exceeded the FDIC Loss Sharing Receivable balance, the net liability amount was presented in "Accrued interest payable and other liabilities" on the consolidated balance sheets. On July 11, 2016, Customers entered into an agreement to terminate all existing rights and obligations pursuant to the loss sharing agreements with the FDIC. In connection with the termination agreement, Customers paid the FDIC $1.4 million as final payment under these agreements. The negotiated settlement amount was based on net losses incurred on the covered assets through September 30, 2015, adjusted for cash payments to and cash receipts from the FDIC as part of the December 31, 2015 and March 31, 2016 certifications. Consequently, loans and other real estate owned previously reported as covered assets pursuant to the loss sharing agreements were no longer presented as covered assets as of June 30, 2016. The following table presents changes in the allowance for loans losses and the FDIC loss sharing receivable, including the effect of the estimated Clawback liability for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.
| Allowance for Loan Losses For the Years Ended December 31,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
(amounts in thousands) |
Ending balance as of December 31, | $ | 37,315 |  |  | $ | 35,647 |  |  | $ | 30,932 |
Provision for loan losses (1) | 6,768 |  |  | 3,330 |  |  | 16,694 |
Charge-offs | (7,127 | ) |  | (4,405 | ) |  | (13,412 | )
Recoveries | 1,059 |  |  | 2,743 |  |  | 1,433 |
Ending balance as of December 31, | $ | 38,015 |  |  | $ | 37,315 |  |  | $ | 35,647 |
| FDIC Loss Sharing Receivable For the Years Ended December 31,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
(amounts in thousands) |
Ending balance as of December 31, | $ | — |  |  | $ | (2,083 | ) |  | $ | 2,320 |
Increased (decreased) estimated cash flows (2) | — |  |  | 289 |  |  | (3,872 | )
Increased estimated cash flows from covered OREO (a) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,138 |
Other activity, net (b) | — |  |  | (255 | ) |  | 248 |
Cash payments to (receipts from) the FDIC | — |  |  | 2,049 |  |  | (3,917 | )
Ending balance as of December 31, | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (2,083 | )
(1) Provision for loan losses | $ | 6,768 |  |  | $ | 3,330 |  |  | $ | 16,694 |
(2) Effect attributable to FDIC loss sharing agreements | — |  |  | (289 | ) |  | 3,872 |
Net amount reported as provision for loan losses | $ | 6,768 |  |  | $ | 3,041 |  |  | $ | 20,566 |
(a) Recorded as a reduction to Other real estate owned expense (a component of non-interest expense). (b) Includes external costs, such as legal fees, real estate taxes and appraisal expenses, that qualified for reimbursement under the loss sharing agreements. Credit Quality Indicators The allowance for loan losses represents management's estimate of probable losses in Customers' loans receivable portfolio, excluding commercial mortgage warehouse loans reported at fair value because of a fair value option election. Multi-family, commercial and industrial, owner occupied commercial real estate, non-owner occupied commercial real estate and construction loans are rated based on an internally assigned risk rating system which is assigned at the time of loan origination and reviewed on a periodic, or on an “as needed” basis. Residential real estate loans, manufactured housing and other consumer loans are evaluated based on the payment activity of the loan. To facilitate the monitoring of credit quality within the multi-family, commercial and industrial, owner occupied commercial real estate, non-owner occupied commercial real estate, construction and residential real estate classes, and for purposes of analyzing historical loss rates used in the determination of the allowance for loan losses for the respective loan portfolio class, Customers utilizes the following categories of risk ratings: pass/satisfactory (includes risk rating 1 through 6), special mention, substandard, doubtful and loss. The risk rating categories, which are derived from standard regulatory rating definitions, are assigned upon initial approval of credit to borrowers and updated periodically thereafter. Pass/satisfactory ratings, which are assigned to those borrowers who do not have identified potential or well-defined weaknesses and for whom there is a high likelihood of orderly repayment, are updated periodically based on the size and credit characteristics of the borrower. All other categories are updated on a quarterly basis during the month preceding the end of the calendar quarter. While assigning risk ratings involves judgment, the risk-rating process allows management to identify riskier credits in a timely manner and allocate the appropriate resources to manage those loans. The risk rating grades are defined as follows: “1” – Pass/Excellent Loans rated 1 represent a credit extension of the highest quality. The borrower’s historic (at least five years) cash flows manifest extremely large and stable margins of coverage. Balance sheets are conservative, well capitalized, and liquid. After considering debt service for proposed and existing debt, projected cash flows continue to be strong and provide ample coverage. The borrower typically reflects broad geographic and product diversification and has access to alternative financial markets. “2” – Pass/Superior Loans rated 2 are those for which the borrower has a strong financial condition, balance sheet, operations, cash flow, debt capacity and coverage with ratios better than industry norms. The borrowers of these loans exhibit a limited leverage position, are virtually immune to local economies and are in stable growing industries. The management team is well respected, and the company has ready access to public markets. “3” – Pass/Strong Loans rated 3 are those loans for which the borrowers have above average financial condition and flexibility, more than satisfactory debt service coverage, balance sheet and operating ratios that are consistent with or better than industry peers, operations in industries with little risk, movement in diversified markets and experience and competency in their industry. These borrowers’ access to capital markets is limited mostly to private sources, often secured, but the borrower typically has access to a wide range of refinancing alternatives. “4” – Pass/Good Loans rated 4 have a sound primary and secondary source of repayment. The borrower may have access to alternative sources of financing, but sources are not as widely available as they are to a higher-grade borrower. These loans carry a normal level of risk with very low loss exposure. The borrower has the ability to perform according to the terms of the credit facility. The margins of cash flow coverage are satisfactory but vulnerable to more rapid deterioration than the higher-quality loans. “5” – Satisfactory Loans rated 5 are extended to borrowers who are determined to be a reasonable credit risk and demonstrate the ability to repay the debt from normal business operations. Risk factors may include reliability of margins and cash flows, liquidity, dependence on a single product or industry, cyclical trends, depth of management or limited access to alternative financing sources. The borrower’s historical financial information may indicate erratic performance; but current trends are positive, and the quality of financial information is adequate, but is not as detailed and sophisticated as information found on higher-grade loans. If adverse circumstances arise, the impact on the borrower may be significant. “6” – Satisfactory/Bankable with Care Loans rated 6 are those for which the borrower has higher than normal credit risk; however, cash flow and asset values are generally intact. These borrowers may exhibit declining financial characteristics with increasing leverage and decreasing liquidity and may have limited resources and access to financial alternatives. Signs of weakness in these borrowers may include delinquent taxes, trade slowness and eroding profit margins. “7” – Special Mention Loans rated 7 are credit facilities that may have potential developing weaknesses and deserve extra attention from the account manager and other management personnel. In the event potential weaknesses are not corrected or mitigated, deterioration in the ability of the borrower to repay the debt in the future may occur. This grade is not assigned to loans that bear certain peculiar risks normally associated with the type of financing involved, unless circumstances have caused the risk to increase to a level higher than would have been acceptable when the credit was originally approved. Loans where significant actual, not potential, weaknesses or problems are clearly evident are graded in the category below. “8” – Substandard Loans are classified 8 when the loans are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and payment capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified must have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt and are characterized by the distinct possibility that the company will sustain some loss if the weaknesses are not corrected. “9” – Doubtful Customers assigns a doubtful rating to loans that have all the attributes of a substandard rating with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. The possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of certain important and reasonable specific pending factors that may work to the advantage of and strengthen the credit quality of the loan, its classification as an estimated loss is deferred until its more exact status may be determined. Pending factors may include a proposed merger or acquisition, liquidation proceeding, capital injection, perfecting liens on additional collateral or refinancing plans. “10” – Loss Customers assigns a loss rating to loans considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as an active asset is not warranted. Amounts classified as loss are immediately charged off. Risk ratings are not established for consumer loans, including residential real estate, home equity, manufactured housing and installment loans, mainly because these portfolios consist of a larger number of homogeneous loans with smaller balances. Instead, these portfolios are evaluated for risk mainly based upon aggregate payment history through the monitoring of delinquency levels and trends and are classified as performing and non-performing. The following table presents the credit ratings as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, for the loans receivable portfolio.
| December 31, 2017
| Multi-family |  | Commercial and Industrial |  | Commercial Real Estate Owner Occupied |  | Commercial Real Estate Non-Owner Occupied |  | Construction |  | Residential Real Estate |  | Manufactured Housing |  | Other Consumer |  | Total (3)
(amounts in thousands) |  |  |
Pass/Satisfactory | $ | 3,438,554 |  |  | $ | 1,118,889 |  |  | $ | 471,826 |  |  | $ | 1,185,933 |  |  | $ | 85,393 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,300,595 |
Special Mention | 53,873 |  |  | 7,652 |  |  | 5,987 |  |  | 31,767 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 99,279 |
Substandard | 9,954 |  |  | 22,549 |  |  | 6,915 |  |  | 1,019 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 40,437 |
Performing (1) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 221,042 |  |  | 81,497 |  |  | 3,400 |  |  | 305,939 |
Non-performing (2) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 13,048 |  |  | 8,730 |  |  | 147 |  |  | 21,925 |
Total | $ | 3,502,381 |  |  | $ | 1,149,090 |  |  | $ | 484,728 |  |  | $ | 1,218,719 |  |  | $ | 85,393 |  |  | $ | 234,090 |  |  | $ | 90,227 |  |  | $ | 3,547 |  |  | $ | 6,768,175 |
| December 31, 2016
| Multi-family |  | Commercial and Industrial |  | Commercial Real Estate Owner Occupied |  | Commercial Real Estate Non-Owner Occupied |  | Construction |  | Residential Real Estate |  | Manufactured Housing |  | Other Consumer |  | Total (3)
(amounts in thousands) |  |  |
Pass/Satisfactory | $ | 3,198,290 |  |  | $ | 954,846 |  |  | $ | 375,919 |  |  | $ | 1,175,850 |  |  | $ | 50,291 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,755,196 |
Special Mention | — |  |  | 19,552 |  |  | 12,065 |  |  | 10,824 |  |  | 14,498 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 56,939 |
Substandard | 16,709 |  |  | 14,313 |  |  | 5,648 |  |  | 7,041 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 43,711 |
Performing (1) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 189,919 |  |  | 92,920 |  |  | 3,413 |  |  | 286,252 |
Non-performing (2) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,583 |  |  | 8,810 |  |  | 70 |  |  | 12,463 |
Total | $ | 3,214,999 |  |  | $ | 988,711 |  |  | $ | 393,632 |  |  | $ | 1,193,715 |  |  | $ | 64,789 |  |  | $ | 193,502 |  |  | $ | 101,730 |  |  | $ | 3,483 |  |  | $ | 6,154,561 |
(1)Includes residential real estate, manufactured housing, and other consumer loans not subject to risk ratings. (2)Includes residential real estate, manufactured housing, and other consumer loans that are past due and still accruing interest or on nonaccrual status. (3)Excludes mortgage warehouse loans at fair value. Loan Purchases and Sales During the year ended December 31, 2017, Customers purchased $174.2 million and $90.0 million of thirty-year fixed-rate residential mortgages with a purchase price of 98.5% and 101.0% of loans outstanding, respectively. There were no loan purchases during the year ended December 31, 2016. During the year ended December 31, 2017, Customers sold $226.9 million of multi-family loans resulting in a gain on sale of $0.4 million, $191.6 million of consumer residential loans resulting in a gain of $0.2 million, one commercial and industrial loan of $3.9 million resulting in a gain of $0.1 million and $35.8 million of Small Business Administration ("SBA") loans resulting in a gain of $3.5 million. During the year ended December 31, 2016, Customers sold $33.3 million of SBA loans resulting in a gain of $3.7 million and a $5.7 million commercial loan resulting in a loss of $0.1 million. None of the purchases and sales for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, materially affected the credit profile of Customers’ related loan portfolio. Loans Pledged as Collateral At December 31, 2017 and 2016, Customers pledged eligible real estate loans of $5.5 billion and $4.8 billion, respectively, as collateral for potential borrowings from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh ("FHLB") and Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia ("FRB").

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- Definition The entire disclosure for financing receivables. Examples of financing receivables include, but are not limited to, loans, trade accounts receivables, notes receivable, credit cards, and receivables relating to a lessor's right(s) to payment(s) from a lease other than an operating lease that is recognized as assets. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 310 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2196771 + Details
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