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Loans and Leases Receivable and Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses (Tables) | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2019
Receivables [Abstract] |
Schedule of Loans and Leases Receivable | The following table presents loans and leases receivable as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
(amounts in thousands) | March 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Loans receivable, mortgage warehouse, at fair value | $ | 1,480,195 |  |  | $ | 1,405,420 |
Loans receivable: |  |  |
Commercial: |  |  |
Multi-family | 3,212,312 |  |  | 3,285,297 |
Commercial and industrial (including owner occupied commercial real estate) (1) | 2,038,229 |  |  | 1,951,277 |
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied | 1,107,336 |  |  | 1,125,106 |
Construction | 53,372 |  |  | 56,491 |
Total commercial loans and leases receivable | 6,411,249 |  |  | 6,418,171 |
Consumer: |  |  |
Residential real estate | 625,066 |  |  | 566,561 |
Manufactured housing | 77,778 |  |  | 79,731 |
Other | 153,153 |  |  | 74,035 |
Total consumer loans receivable | 855,997 |  |  | 720,327 |
Loans and leases receivable | 7,267,246 |  |  | 7,138,498 |
Deferred (fees) costs and unamortized (discounts) premiums, net | (3,197 | ) |  | (424 | )
Allowance for loan and lease losses | (43,679 | ) |  | (39,972 | )
Total loans and leases receivable, net of allowance for loan and lease losses | $ | 8,700,565 |  |  | $ | 8,503,522 |
(1) Includes direct finance equipment leases of $56.4 million and $54.5 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
Loans and Leases Receivable by Loan Type and Performance Status | The following tables summarize loans receivable by loan type and performance status as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018:
| March 31, 2019
(amounts in thousands) | 30-89 Days Past Due (1) |  | 90 Days or More Past Due (1) |  | Total Past Due (1) |  | Non-Accrual |  | Current (2) |  | Purchased-Credit-Impaired Loans (3) |  | Total Loans and Leases (4)
Multi-family | $ | 3,794 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,794 |  |  | $ | 1,997 |  |  | $ | 3,204,879 |  |  | $ | 1,642 |  |  | $ | 3,212,312 |
Commercial and industrial | 1,271 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,271 |  |  | 12,225 |  |  | 1,441,679 |  |  | 417 |  |  | 1,455,592 |
Commercial real estate owner occupied | 3,566 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,566 |  |  | 839 |  |  | 570,380 |  |  | 7,852 |  |  | 582,637 |
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied | 1,976 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,976 |  |  | 102 |  |  | 1,101,129 |  |  | 4,129 |  |  | 1,107,336 |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 53,372 |  |  | — |  |  | 53,372 |
Residential real estate | 5,612 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,612 |  |  | 5,574 |  |  | 609,874 |  |  | 4,006 |  |  | 625,066 |
Manufactured housing (5) | 3,686 |  |  | 1,936 |  |  | 5,622 |  |  | 1,924 |  |  | 68,362 |  |  | 1,870 |  |  | 77,778 |
Other consumer | 491 |  |  | — |  |  | 491 |  |  | 108 |  |  | 152,348 |  |  | 206 |  |  | 153,153 |
Total | $ | 20,396 |  |  | $ | 1,936 |  |  | $ | 22,332 |  |  | $ | 22,769 |  |  | $ | 7,202,023 |  |  | $ | 20,122 |  |  | $ | 7,267,246 |
| December 31, 2018
(amounts in thousands) | 30-89 Days Past Due (1) |  | 90 Days or More Past Due (1) |  | Total Past Due (1) |  | Non-Accrual |  | Current (2) |  | Purchased-Credit-Impaired Loans (3) |  | Total Loans and Leases (4)
Multi-family | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,155 |  |  | $ | 3,282,452 |  |  | $ | 1,690 |  |  | $ | 3,285,297 |
Commercial and industrial | 1,914 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,914 |  |  | 17,764 |  |  | 1,353,586 |  |  | 536 |  |  | 1,373,800 |
Commercial real estate owner occupied | 193 |  |  | — |  |  | 193 |  |  | 1,037 |  |  | 567,809 |  |  | 8,438 |  |  | 577,477 |
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied | 1,190 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,190 |  |  | 129 |  |  | 1,119,443 |  |  | 4,344 |  |  | 1,125,106 |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 56,491 |  |  | — |  |  | 56,491 |
Residential real estate | 5,940 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,940 |  |  | 5,605 |  |  | 550,679 |  |  | 4,337 |  |  | 566,561 |
Manufactured housing (5) | 3,926 |  |  | 2,188 |  |  | 6,114 |  |  | 1,693 |  |  | 69,916 |  |  | 2,008 |  |  | 79,731 |
Other consumer | 200 |  |  | — |  |  | 200 |  |  | 111 |  |  | 73,503 |  |  | 221 |  |  | 74,035 |
Total | $ | 13,363 |  |  | $ | 2,188 |  |  | $ | 15,551 |  |  | $ | 27,494 |  |  | $ | 7,073,879 |  |  | $ | 21,574 |  |  | $ | 7,138,498 |
(1) | Includes past due loans and leases that are accruing interest because collection is considered probable.
(2) | Loans and leases where next payment due is less than 30 days from the report date.
(3) | Purchased-credit-impaired loans aggregated into a pool are accounted for as a single asset with a single composite interest rate and an aggregate expectation of cash flows, and the past due status of the pools, or that of the individual loans within the pools, is not meaningful. Due to the credit impaired nature of the loans, the loans are recorded at a discount reflecting estimated future cash flows and the Bank recognizes interest income on each pool of loans reflecting the estimated yield and passage of time. Such loans are considered to be performing. Purchased-credit-impaired loans that are not in pools accrete interest when the timing and amount of their expected cash flows are reasonably estimable, and are reported as performing loans.
(4) | Amounts exclude deferred costs and fees, unamortized premiums and discounts, and the ALLL.
(5) Manufactured housing loans purchased in 2010 are supported by cash reserves held at the Bank that are used to fund past-due payments when the loan becomes 90 days or more delinquent.
Schedule of Allowance for Loan Losses | The changes in the ALLL for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, and the loans and ALLL by loan type based on impairment-evaluation method as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are presented in the tables below.
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 | Multi-family |  | Commercial and Industrial |  | Commercial Real Estate Owner Occupied |  | Commercial Real Estate Non-Owner Occupied |  | Construction |  | Residential Real Estate |  | Manufactured Housing |  | Other Consumer |  | Total
(amounts in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ending Balance, December 31, 2018 | $ | 11,462 |  |  | $ | 12,145 |  |  | $ | 3,320 |  |  | $ | 6,093 |  |  | $ | 624 |  |  | $ | 3,654 |  |  | $ | 145 |  |  | $ | 2,529 |  |  | $ | 39,972 |
Charge-offs | (541 | ) |  | — |  |  | (8 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (40 | ) |  | — |  |  | (755 | ) |  | (1,344 | )
Recoveries | — |  |  | 119 |  |  | 128 |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | 24 |  |  | 284 |
Provision for loan and lease losses | (291 | ) |  | 383 |  |  | (15 | ) |  | (78 | ) |  | (46 | ) |  | 2,951 |  |  | (28 | ) |  | 1,891 |  |  | 4,767 |
Ending Balance, March 31, 2019 | $ | 10,630 |  |  | $ | 12,647 |  |  | $ | 3,425 |  |  | $ | 6,015 |  |  | $ | 584 |  |  | $ | 6,572 |  |  | $ | 117 |  |  | $ | 3,689 |  |  | $ | 43,679 |
As of March 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans and leases receivable: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 1,997 |  |  | $ | 17,411 |  |  | $ | 867 |  |  | $ | 102 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,567 |  |  | $ | 10,307 |  |  | $ | 108 |  |  | $ | 39,359 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | 3,208,673 |  |  | 1,437,764 |  |  | 573,918 |  |  | 1,103,105 |  |  | 53,372 |  |  | 612,493 |  |  | 65,601 |  |  | 152,839 |  |  | 7,207,765 |
Loans acquired with credit deterioration | 1,642 |  |  | 417 |  |  | 7,852 |  |  | 4,129 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,006 |  |  | 1,870 |  |  | 206 |  |  | 20,122 |
Total loans and leases receivable | $ | 3,212,312 |  |  | $ | 1,455,592 |  |  | $ | 582,637 |  |  | $ | 1,107,336 |  |  | $ | 53,372 |  |  | $ | 625,066 |  |  | $ | 77,778 |  |  | $ | 153,153 |  |  | $ | 7,267,246 |
Allowance for loan and lease losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | — |  |  | $ | 263 |  |  | $ | 36 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 78 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 380 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | 10,630 |  |  | 12,116 |  |  | 3,389 |  |  | 4,019 |  |  | 584 |  |  | 6,105 |  |  | 89 |  |  | 3,537 |  |  | 40,469 |
Loans acquired with credit deterioration | — |  |  | 268 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,996 |  |  | — |  |  | 389 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 152 |  |  | 2,830 |
Total allowance for loan and lease losses | $ | 10,630 |  |  | $ | 12,647 |  |  | $ | 3,425 |  |  | $ | 6,015 |  |  | $ | 584 |  |  | $ | 6,572 |  |  | $ | 117 |  |  | $ | 3,689 |  |  | $ | 43,679 |
Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 | Multi-family |  | Commercial and Industrial |  | Commercial Real Estate Owner Occupied |  | Commercial Real Estate Non-Owner Occupied |  | Construction |  | Residential Real Estate |  | Manufactured Housing |  | Other Consumer |  | Total
(amounts in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ending Balance, December 31, 2017 | $ | 12,168 |  |  | $ | 10,918 |  |  | $ | 3,232 |  |  | $ | 7,437 |  |  | $ | 979 |  |  | $ | 2,929 |  |  | $ | 180 |  |  | $ | 172 |  |  | $ | 38,015 |
Charge-offs | — |  |  | (50 | ) |  | (18 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (365 | ) |  | — |  |  | (256 | ) |  | (689 | )
Recoveries | — |  |  | 35 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11 |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | 56 |
Provision for loan and lease losses | 377 |  |  | 834 |  |  | 311 |  |  | (204 | ) |  | (69 | ) |  | 608 |  |  | (4 | ) |  | 264 |  |  | 2,117 |
Ending Balance, March 31, 2018 | $ | 12,545 |  |  | $ | 11,737 |  |  | $ | 3,525 |  |  | $ | 7,233 |  |  | $ | 921 |  |  | $ | 3,179 |  |  | $ | 176 |  |  | $ | 183 |  |  | $ | 39,499 |
As of December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans and leases receivable: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 1,155 |  |  | $ | 17,828 |  |  | $ | 1,069 |  |  | $ | 129 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,631 |  |  | $ | 10,195 |  |  | $ | 111 |  |  | $ | 39,118 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | 3,282,452 |  |  | 1,355,436 |  |  | 567,970 |  |  | 1,120,633 |  |  | 56,491 |  |  | 553,593 |  |  | 67,528 |  |  | 73,703 |  |  | 7,077,806 |
Loans acquired with credit deterioration | 1,690 |  |  | 536 |  |  | 8,438 |  |  | 4,344 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,337 |  |  | 2,008 |  |  | 221 |  |  | 21,574 |
Total loans and leases receivable | $ | 3,285,297 |  |  | $ | 1,373,800 |  |  | $ | 577,477 |  |  | $ | 1,125,106 |  |  | $ | 56,491 |  |  | $ | 566,561 |  |  | $ | 79,731 |  |  | $ | 74,035 |  |  | $ | 7,138,498 |
Allowance for loan and lease losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 539 |  |  | $ | 261 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 41 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 845 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | 10,923 |  |  | 11,516 |  |  | 3,319 |  |  | 4,161 |  |  | 624 |  |  | 3,227 |  |  | 89 |  |  | 2,390 |  |  | 36,249 |
Loans acquired with credit deterioration | — |  |  | 368 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,932 |  |  | — |  |  | 386 |  |  | 53 |  |  | 139 |  |  | 2,878 |
Total allowance for loan and lease losses | $ | 11,462 |  |  | $ | 12,145 |  |  | $ | 3,320 |  |  | $ | 6,093 |  |  | $ | 624 |  |  | $ | 3,654 |  |  | $ | 145 |  |  | $ | 2,529 |  |  | $ | 39,972 |
Summary of Recorded Investment Net Charge-Offs, Unpaid Principal Balance and Related Allowance for Impaired Loans | The following tables present the recorded investment (net of charge-offs), unpaid principal balance, and related allowance by loan type for impaired loans that were individually evaluated for impairment as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and the average recorded investment and interest income recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. Customers did not have any impaired lease receivables as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. Purchased-credit-impaired loans are considered to be performing and are not included in the tables below.
| March 31, 2019 |  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
(amounts in thousands) | Recorded Investment Net of Charge-Offs |  | Unpaid Principal Balance |  | Related Allowance |  | Average Recorded Investment |  | Interest Income Recognized
With no related allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Multi-family | $ | 1,997 |  |  | $ | 2,538 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 998 |  |  | $ | — |
Commercial and industrial | 11,185 |  |  | 12,749 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,422 |  |  | 2 |
Commercial real estate owner occupied | 556 |  |  | 1,103 |  |  | — |  |  | 796 |  |  | 21 |
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied | 102 |  |  | 214 |  |  | — |  |  | 115 |  |  | — |
Residential real estate | 4,722 |  |  | 5,044 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,782 |  |  | — |
Manufactured housing | 10,140 |  |  | 10,140 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,084 |  |  | 115 |
Other consumer | 108 |  |  | 108 |  |  | — |  |  | 110 |  |  | — |
With an allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Multi-family | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 578 |  |  | — |
Commercial and industrial | 6,226 |  |  | 6,409 |  |  | 263 |  |  | 5,197 |  |  | 39 |
Commercial real estate owner occupied | 311 |  |  | 498 |  |  | 36 |  |  | 172 |  |  | 1 |
Residential real estate | 3,845 |  |  | 3,845 |  |  | 78 |  |  | 3,817 |  |  | 26 |
Manufactured housing | 167 |  |  | 167 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 168 |  |  | 2 |
Total | $ | 39,359 |  |  | $ | 42,815 |  |  | $ | 380 |  |  | $ | 39,239 |  |  | $ | 206 |
| December 31, 2018 |  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
(amounts in thousands) | Recorded Investment Net of Charge-Offs |  | Unpaid Principal Balance |  | Related Allowance |  | Average Recorded Investment |  | Interest Income Recognized
With no related allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial | $ | 13,660 |  |  | $ | 15,263 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,484 |  |  | $ | — |
Commercial real estate owner occupied | 1,037 |  |  | 1,766 |  |  | — |  |  | 710 |  |  | — |
Commercial real estate non-owner occupied | 129 |  |  | 241 |  |  | — |  |  | 201 |  |  | — |
Residential real estate | 4,842 |  |  | 5,128 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,623 |  |  | — |
Manufactured housing | 10,027 |  |  | 10,027 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,876 |  |  | 131 |
Other consumer | 111 |  |  | 111 |  |  | — |  |  | 63 |  |  | — |
With an allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Multi-family | 1,155 |  |  | 1,155 |  |  | 539 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Commercial and industrial | 4,168 |  |  | 4,351 |  |  | 261 |  |  | 8,390 |  |  | 1 |
Commercial real estate owner occupied | 32 |  |  | 32 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 756 |  |  | 1 |
Residential real estate | 3,789 |  |  | 3,789 |  |  | 41 |  |  | 5,122 |  |  | 25 |
Manufactured housing | 168 |  |  | 168 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 223 |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 39,118 |  |  | $ | 42,031 |  |  | $ | 845 |  |  | $ | 36,448 |  |  | $ | 158 |
Summary of Loans Modified in Troubled Debt Restructurings and Related Recorded Investment | The following table presents total TDRs based on loan type and accrual status at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. Nonaccrual TDRs are included in the reported amount of total non-accrual loans.
| March 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
(amounts in thousands) | Accruing TDRs |  | Nonaccrual TDRs |  | Total |  | Accruing TDRs |  | Nonaccrual TDRs |  | Total
Commercial and industrial | $ | 5,186 |  |  | $ | 471 |  |  | $ | 5,657 |  |  | $ | 64 |  |  | $ | 5,273 |  |  | $ | 5,337 |
Commercial real estate owner occupied | 28 |  |  | — |  |  | 28 |  |  | 32 |  |  | — |  |  | 32 |
Residential real estate | 2,993 |  |  | 723 |  |  | 3,716 |  |  | 3,026 |  |  | 667 |  |  | 3,693 |
Manufactured housing | 8,383 |  |  | 1,850 |  |  | 10,233 |  |  | 8,502 |  |  | 1,620 |  |  | 10,122 |
Other consumer | — |  |  | 11 |  |  | 11 |  |  | — |  |  | 12 |  |  | 12 |
Total TDRs | $ | 16,590 |  |  | $ | 3,055 |  |  | $ | 19,645 |  |  | $ | 11,624 |  |  | $ | 7,572 |  |  | $ | 19,196 |
The following table presents, by loan type, the number of loans modified in TDRs and the related recorded investment, for which there was a payment default within twelve months following the modification:
| March 31, 2019 |  | March 31, 2018
(dollars in thousands) | Number of Loans |  | Recorded Investment |  | Number of Loans |  | Recorded Investment
Manufactured housing | 5 |  |  | $ | 137 |  |  | 1 |  |  | $ | 29 |
Commercial and industrial | 1 |  |  | 431 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total loans | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 568 |  |  | 1 |  |  | $ | 29 |
The following table provides, by loan type, the number of loans modified in TDRs and the related recorded investment for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.
| Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 |  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
(dollars in thousands) | Number of Loans |  | Recorded Investment |  | Number of Loans |  | Recorded Investment
Commercial and industrial | 1 |  |  | $ | 431 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |
Manufactured housing | 10 |  |  | 385 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 322 |
Residential real estate | 1 |  |  | 83 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total loans | 12 |  |  | $ | 899 |  |  | 9 |  |  | $ | 322 |
Analysis of Loans Modified in Troubled Debt Restructuring by Type of Concession | The following table presents loans modified in a TDR by type of concession for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. There were no modifications that involved forgiveness of debt for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.
| Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 |  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
(dollars in thousands) | Number of Loans |  | Recorded Investment |  | Number of Loans |  | Recorded Investment
Extensions of maturity | 2 |  |  | $ | 514 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |
Interest-rate reductions | 10 |  |  | 385 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 322 |
Total | 12 |  |  | $ | 899 |  |  | 9 |  |  | $ | 322 |
Changes in Accretable Yield Related to Purchased-credit-impaired Loans | The changes in accretable yield related to PCI loans for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:
| Three Months Ended March 31,
(amounts in thousands) | 2019 |  | 2018
Accretable yield balance, beginning of period | $ | 6,178 |  |  | $ | 7,825 |
Accretion to interest income | (277 | ) |  | (338 | )
Reclassification from nonaccretable difference and disposals, net | 293 |  |  | 176 |
Accretable yield balance, end of period | $ | 6,194 |  |  | $ | 7,663 |
Credit Ratings of Covered and Non-Covered Loan Portfolio | The following tables present the credit ratings of loans and leases receivable as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
| March 31, 2019
(amounts in thousands) | Multi-family |  | Commercial and Industrial |  | Commercial Real Estate Owner Occupied |  | Commercial Real Estate Non-Owner Occupied |  | Construction |  | Residential Real Estate |  | Manufactured Housing |  | Other Consumer |  | Total (3)
Pass/Satisfactory | $ | 3,164,722 |  |  | $ | 1,395,034 |  |  | $ | 565,631 |  |  | $ | 1,036,957 |  |  | $ | 53,372 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,215,716 |
Special Mention | 40,441 |  |  | 30,575 |  |  | 12,300 |  |  | 30,258 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 113,574 |
Substandard | 7,149 |  |  | 29,983 |  |  | 4,706 |  |  | 40,121 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 81,959 |
Performing (1) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 613,880 |  |  | 70,232 |  |  | 152,554 |  |  | 836,666 |
Non-performing (2) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,186 |  |  | 7,546 |  |  | 599 |  |  | 19,331 |
Total | $ | 3,212,312 |  |  | $ | 1,455,592 |  |  | $ | 582,637 |  |  | $ | 1,107,336 |  |  | $ | 53,372 |  |  | $ | 625,066 |  |  | $ | 77,778 |  |  | $ | 153,153 |  |  | $ | 7,267,246 |
| December 31, 2018
(amounts in thousands) | Multi-family |  | Commercial and Industrial |  | Commercial Real Estate Owner Occupied |  | Commercial Real Estate Non-Owner Occupied |  | Construction |  | Residential Real Estate |  | Manufactured Housing |  | Other Consumer |  | Total (3)
Pass/Satisfactory | $ | 3,201,822 |  |  | $ | 1,306,466 |  |  | $ | 562,639 |  |  | $ | 1,054,493 |  |  | $ | 56,491 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,181,911 |
Special Mention | 55,696 |  |  | 30,551 |  |  | 9,730 |  |  | 30,203 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 126,180 |
Substandard | 27,779 |  |  | 36,783 |  |  | 5,108 |  |  | 40,410 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 110,080 |
Performing (1) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 555,016 |  |  | 71,924 |  |  | 73,724 |  |  | 700,664 |
Non-performing (2) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,545 |  |  | 7,807 |  |  | 311 |  |  | 19,663 |
Total | $ | 3,285,297 |  |  | $ | 1,373,800 |  |  | $ | 577,477 |  |  | $ | 1,125,106 |  |  | $ | 56,491 |  |  | $ | 566,561 |  |  | $ | 79,731 |  |  | $ | 74,035 |  |  | $ | 7,138,498 |
(1) | Includes residential real estate, manufactured housing, and other consumer loans not subject to risk ratings.
(2) | Includes residential real estate, manufactured housing, and other consumer loans that are past due and still accruing interest or on nonaccrual status.
(3) Excludes commercial mortgage warehouse loans reported at fair value.
Schedule of Loan Purchases and Sales | Purchases and sales of loans were as follows for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018:
| Three Months Ended March 31,
(amounts in thousands) | 2019 |  | 2018
Purchases (1) |  |  |
Residential real estate | $ | 66,384 |  |  | $ | — |
Other consumer | 66,136 |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 132,520 |  |  | $ | — |
Sales (2) |  |  |
Commercial and industrial (3) | — |  |  | (6,842 | )
Commercial real estate owner occupied (3) | — |  |  | (8,151 | )
Total | $ | — |  |  | $ | (14,993 | )
(1) | The purchase price was 97.6% of loans outstanding for the three months ended March 31, 2019. There were no loan purchases during the three months ended March 31, 2018.
(2) | There were no loan sales for the three months ended March 31, 2019. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, loan sales resulted in a net gain of $1.4 million.
(3) Primarily sales of SBA loans.

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