Investment Securities

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

INVESTMENT SECURITIES

The amortized cost and approximate fair value of investment securities as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 are summarized as follows:


	March 31, 2022 (1)
(amounts in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Allowance for Credit Losses		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Available for sale debt securities:
Asset-backed securities	$	351,847	$	(728)	$	87	$	(7,587)	$	343,619

Agency-guaranteed residential mortgage-backed securities	9,242		—		—		(973)		8,269
Agency-guaranteed commercial mortgage-backed securities	2,140		—		—		(95)		2,045
Agency-guaranteed residential collateralized mortgage obligations	618,998		—		833		(16,428)		603,403
Agency-guaranteed commercial collateralized mortgage obligations	172,410		—		—		(9,811)		162,599
Collateralized loan obligations	1,010,938		—		—		(6,576)		1,004,362
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	148,993		—		—		(1,368)		147,625
Corporate notes (2)	607,230		—		1,376		(14,856)		593,750
Private label collateralized mortgage obligations	1,302,400		—		—		(31,993)		1,270,407
State and political subdivision debt securities (3)	8,531		—		—		(581)		7,950

Available for sale debt securities	$	4,232,729	$	(728)	$	2,296	$	(90,268)	4,144,029

Equity securities (4)									25,824
Total investment securities, at fair value									$	4,169,853


	December 31, 2021 (1)
(amounts in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Available for sale debt securities:
Asset-backed securities	$	297,291	$	253	$	(119)	$	297,425

Agency-guaranteed residential mortgage-backed securities	9,865		—		(312)		9,553
Agency-guaranteed commercial mortgage-backed securities	2,162		—		(10)		2,152
Agency-guaranteed residential collateralized mortgage obligations	199,091		154		(2,315)		196,930
Agency-guaranteed commercial collateralized mortgage obligations	242,668		53		(3,877)		238,844
Collateralized loan obligations	1,067,770		247		(1,215)		1,066,802
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	149,054		53		(180)		148,927
Corporate notes (2)	575,273		6,334		(1,561)		580,046
Private label collateralized mortgage obligations	1,248,142		333		(6,010)		1,242,465
State and political subdivision debt securities (3)	8,535		—		(104)		8,431
Available for sale debt securities	$	3,799,851	$	7,427	$	(15,703)	3,791,575

Equity securities (4)							25,575
Total investment securities, at fair value							$	3,817,150

(1)Accrued interest on AFS debt securities totaled $14.3 million and $11.0 million at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, and is included in accrued interest receivable on the consolidated balance sheet.

(2)Includes corporate securities issued by domestic bank holding companies.

(3)Includes both taxable and non-taxable municipal securities.

(4)Includes perpetual preferred stock issued by domestic banks and domestic bank holding companies and equity securities issued by fintech companies, without a

readily determinable fair value, and CRA-qualified mutual fund shares at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. No impairments or measurement adjustments have been recorded on the equity securities without a readily determinable fair value since acquisition.

In June 2021, Customers sold all of the outstanding shares in CB Green Ventures Pte Ltd. and CUBI India Ventures Pte Ltd., which held the equity securities issued by a foreign entity, for $3.8 million, and recognized $2.8 million in loss on sale of foreign subsidiaries within non-interest income on the consolidated statement of income. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, Customers recognized unrealized gains of $1.0 million on its equity securities. These unrealized gains and losses are reported as unrealized gain (loss) on investment securities within non-interest income on the consolidated statements of income.

Customers' transactions with unconsolidated VIEs include sales of consumer installment loans and investments in the securities issued by the VIEs. Customers is not the primary beneficiary of the VIEs because Customers has no right to make decisions that will most significantly affect the economic performance of the VIEs. Customers' continuing involvement with the unconsolidated VIEs is not significant. Customers' continuing involvement is not considered to be significant where Customers only invests in securities issued by the VIE and was not involved in the design of the VIE or where Customers has transferred financial assets to the VIE for only cash consideration. Customers' investments in the securities issued by the VIEs are classified as AFS debt securities on the consolidated balance sheets, and represent Customers' maximum exposure to loss.

Proceeds from the sale of AFS securities were $156.0 million and $353.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Gross realized gains and realized losses from the sale of AFS debt securities were $2.0 million and $1.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, respectively. Gross realized gains from the sale of AFS debt securities were $23.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021. These gains (losses) were determined using the specific identification method and were reported as gain (loss) on sale of investment securities within non-interest income on the consolidated statements of income.

The following table presents debt securities by stated maturity. Debt securities backed by mortgages and other assets have expected maturities that differ from contractual maturities because borrowers have the right to call or prepay and, therefore, these debt securities are classified separately with no specific maturity date:


	March 31, 2022
(amounts in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Due in one year or less	$	4,992	$	4,999
Due after one year through five years	419,539		409,141
Due after five years through ten years	191,230		187,560

Asset-backed securities	351,847		343,619
Collateralized loan obligations	1,010,938		1,004,362
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	148,993		147,625
Agency-guaranteed residential mortgage-backed securities	9,242		8,269
Agency-guaranteed commercial mortgage-backed securities	2,140		2,045
Agency-guaranteed residential collateralized mortgage obligations	618,998		603,403
Agency-guaranteed commercial collateralized mortgage obligations	172,410		162,599
Private label collateralized mortgage obligations	1,302,400		1,270,407


Total debt securities	$	4,232,729	$	4,144,029

Gross unrealized losses and fair value of Customers' AFS debt securities for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were as follows:



	March 31, 2022
	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
(amounts in thousands)	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
Available for sale debt securities:
Asset-backed securities	$	199,725	$	(3,832)	$	—	$	—	$	199,725	$	(3,832)
Agency-guaranteed residential mortgage-backed securities	—		—		8,269		(973)		8,269		(973)
Agency-guaranteed commercial mortgage-backed securities	2,045		(95)		—		—		2,045		(95)
Agency-guaranteed residential collateralized mortgage obligations	434,524		(16,428)		—		—		434,524		(16,428)
Agency-guaranteed commercial collateralized mortgage obligations	95,995		(3,764)		66,605		(6,047)		162,600		(9,811)
Collateralized loan obligations	934,954		(6,457)		25,510		(119)		960,464		(6,576)
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	129,365		(1,368)		—		—		129,365		(1,368)
Corporate notes	393,997		(13,972)		14,115		(884)		408,112		(14,856)
Private label collateralized mortgage obligations	856,760		(27,386)		42,196		(4,607)		898,956		(31,993)
State and political subdivision debt securities	7,950		(581)		—		—		7,950		(581)

Total	$	3,055,315	$	(73,883)	$	156,695	$	(12,630)	$	3,212,010	$	(86,513)


	December 31, 2021
	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
(amounts in thousands)	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
Available for sale debt securities:
Asset-backed securities	$	54,753	$	(119)	$	—	$	—	$	54,753	$	(119)
Agency-guaranteed residential mortgage-backed securities	9,554		(312)		—		—		9,554		(312)
Agency-guaranteed commercial mortgage-backed securities	2,152		(10)		—		—		2,152		(10)
Agency-guaranteed residential collateralized mortgage obligations	173,492		(2,315)		—		—		173,492		(2,315)
Agency-guaranteed commercial collateralized mortgage obligations	118,334		(3,877)		—		—		118,334		(3,877)
Collateralized loan obligations	715,250		(1,215)		—		—		715,250		(1,215)
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	122,597		(180)		—		—		122,597		(180)
Corporate notes	188,100		(1,561)		—		—		188,100		(1,561)
Private label collateralized mortgage obligations	632,091		(5,874)		6,818		(136)		638,909		(6,010)
State and political subdivision debt securities	8,430		(104)		—		—		8,430		(104)

Total	$	2,024,753	$	(15,567)	$	6,818	$	(136)	$	2,031,571	$	(15,703)

At March 31, 2022, there were 160 AFS debt securities with unrealized losses in the less-than-twelve-months category and 15 AFS debt securities with unrealized loss in the twelve-months-or-more category. Except for the four asset-backed securities where there was a deterioration in future estimated cash flows as further discussed below, the unrealized losses were principally due to changes in market interest rates that resulted in a negative impact on the respective securities' fair value and are expected to be recovered when market prices recover or at maturity. Customers does not intend to sell any of the 175 securities, and it is not more likely than not that Customers will be required to sell any of the 175 securities before recovery of the amortized cost basis. At December 31, 2021, there were 117 AFS debt securities in an unrealized loss position.

Customers recorded an allowance for credit losses on four asset-backed securities where there was a deterioration in future estimated cash flows during the three months ended March 31, 2022. A discounted cash flow approach is used to determine the amount of the allowance. The cash flows expected to be collected, after considering expected prepayments, are discounted at the original effective interest rate. The amount of the allowance is limited to the difference between the amortized cost basis of the security and its estimated fair value. The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses on AFS debt securities, by major security type:


	Asset-backed securities
(amounts in thousands)	Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Balance at January 1,	$	—

Credit losses on securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded	728
Balance at March 31,	$	728

At March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, Customers Bank had pledged investment securities aggregating $16.9 million and $11.3 million in fair value, respectively, as collateral primarily for an unused line of credit with another financial institution. These counterparties do not have the ability to sell or repledge these securities.

At March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, no securities holding of any one issuer, other than the U.S. government and its agencies, amounted to greater than 10% of shareholders' equity.