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Investment Securities | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2024
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract] |
Investment Securities | INVESTMENT SECURITIES Investment securities at fair value The amortized cost, approximate fair value and allowance for credit losses of investment securities at fair value as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 are summarized as follows:
| December 31, 2024 (1)
(amounts in thousands) | Amortized Cost |  | Allowance for Credit Losses |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
Available for sale debt securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Asset-backed securities | $ | 14,820 |  |  | $ | (362) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1,222) |  |  | $ | 13,236 |
Agency-guaranteed residential mortgage-backed securities | 330,637 |  |  | — |  |  | 146 |  |  | (3,745) |  |  | 327,038 |
Agency-guaranteed residential collateralized mortgage obligations | 242,858 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (16,112) |  |  | 226,746 |
Agency-guaranteed commercial collateralized mortgage obligations | 95,850 |  |  | — |  |  | 44 |  |  | (2,819) |  |  | 93,075 |
Collateralized loan obligations | 257,500 |  |  | — |  |  | 100 |  |  | (2,193) |  |  | 255,407 |
Commercial mortgage-backed securities | 78,707 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (999) |  |  | 77,708 |
Corporate notes | 564,524 |  |  | (7,135) |  |  | 347 |  |  | (41,406) |  |  | 516,330 |
Private label collateralized mortgage obligations | 502,985 |  |  | (107) |  |  | 95 |  |  | (27,075) |  |  | 475,898 |
Available for sale debt securities | $ | 2,087,881 |  |  | $ | (7,604) |  |  | $ | 732 |  |  | $ | (95,571) |  |  | 1,985,438 |
Equity securities (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 34,256 |
Total investment securities, at fair value |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,019,694 |
| December 31, 2023 (1)
(amounts in thousands) | Amortized Cost |  | Allowance for Credit Losses |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
Available for sale debt securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Asset-backed securities | $ | 97,359 |  |  | $ | (483) |  |  | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | (4,262) |  |  | $ | 92,629 |
Agency-guaranteed residential collateralized mortgage obligations | 129,589 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (12,681) |  |  | 116,908 |
Collateralized loan obligations | 500,109 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | (11,018) |  |  | 489,092 |
Commercial mortgage-backed securities | 125,885 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4,249) |  |  | 121,636 |
Corporate notes | 636,880 |  |  | (3,469) |  |  | 79 |  |  | (50,456) |  |  | 583,034 |
Private label collateralized mortgage obligations | 1,034,841 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,201 |  |  | (62,481) |  |  | 973,561 |
Available for sale debt securities | $ | 2,524,663 |  |  | $ | (3,952) |  |  | $ | 1,296 |  |  | $ | (145,147) |  |  | 2,376,860 |
Equity securities (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 28,780 |
Total investment securities, at fair value |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,405,640 |
(1)Accrued interest on AFS debt securities totaled $15.0 million and $14.7 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and is included in accrued interest receivable on the consolidated balance sheet. (2)Includes perpetual preferred stock issued by domestic banks and bank holding companies and equity securities issued by fintech companies, without a readily determinable fair value, and Community Reinvestment Act (“CRA”)-qualified mutual fund shares at December 31, 2024 and 2023. No impairments or measurement adjustments have been recorded on the equity securities without a readily determinable fair value since acquisition. Customers’ transactions with unconsolidated VIEs include sales of consumer installment loans and investments in the securities issued by the VIEs. Customers is not the primary beneficiary of the VIEs because Customers has no right to make decisions that will most significantly affect the economic performance of the VIEs. Customers’ continuing involvement with the unconsolidated VIEs is not significant. Customers’ continuing involvement is not considered to be significant where Customers only invests in securities issued by the VIE and was not involved in the design of the VIE or where Customers has transferred financial assets to the VIE for only cash consideration. Customers’ investments in the securities issued by the VIEs are classified as AFS or HTM debt securities on the consolidated balance sheets, and represent Customers’ maximum exposure to loss. Proceeds from the sale of AFS debt securities were $624.9 million, $297.4 million and $983.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The following table presents gross realized gains and realized losses from the sale of AFS debt securities for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:
| For the Years Ended December 31,
(amounts in thousands) | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Gross realized gains | $ | 4,237 |  |  | $ | 1,430 |  |  | $ | 3,087 |
Gross realized losses | (31,246) |  |  | (2,004) |  |  | (26,251) |
Net realized gain (loss) on sale of available for sale debt securities | $ | (27,009) |  |  | $ | (574) |  |  | $ | (23,164) |
These gains (losses) were determined using the specific identification method and were reported as net gain (loss) on sale of investment securities within non-interest income on the consolidated statements of income. The following table presents AFS debt securities by stated maturity. Debt securities backed by mortgages and other assets have expected maturities that differ from contractual maturities because borrowers have the right to call or prepay and, therefore, these debt securities are classified separately with no specific maturity date.
| December 31, 2024
(amounts in thousands) | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value
Due in one year or less | $ | 51,201 |  |  | $ | 42,207 |
Due after one year through five years | 444,507 |  |  | 410,636 |
Due after five years through ten years | 68,816 |  |  | 63,487 |
Asset-backed securities | 14,820 |  |  | 13,236 |
Agency-guaranteed residential mortgage-backed securities | 330,637 |  |  | 327,038 |
Agency-guaranteed residential collateralized mortgage obligations | 242,858 |  |  | 226,746 |
Agency-guaranteed commercial collateralized mortgage obligations | 95,850 |  |  | 93,075 |
Collateralized loan obligations | 257,500 |  |  | 255,407 |
Commercial mortgage-backed securities | 78,707 |  |  | 77,708 |
Private label collateralized mortgage obligations | 502,985 |  |  | 475,898 |
Total available for sale debt securities | $ | 2,087,881 |  |  | $ | 1,985,438 |
Gross unrealized losses and fair value of Customers’ AFS debt securities for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at December 31, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:
| December 31, 2024
| Less than 12 months |  | 12 months or more |  | Total
(amounts in thousands) | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses
Available for sale debt securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agency-guaranteed residential mortgage-backed securities | $ | 266,568 |  |  | $ | (3,745) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 266,568 |  |  | $ | (3,745) |
Agency-guaranteed residential collateralized mortgage obligations | 126,602 |  |  | (2,717) |  |  | 100,144 |  |  | (13,395) |  |  | 226,746 |  |  | (16,112) |
Agency-guaranteed commercial collateralized mortgage obligations | 85,902 |  |  | (2,819) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 85,902 |  |  | (2,819) |
Collateralized loan obligations | 35,710 |  |  | (265) |  |  | 205,639 |  |  | (1,928) |  |  | 241,349 |  |  | (2,193) |
Commercial mortgage-backed securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | 77,708 |  |  | (999) |  |  | 77,708 |  |  | (999) |
Corporate notes | 74,373 |  |  | (976) |  |  | 239,509 |  |  | (16,064) |  |  | 313,882 |  |  | (17,040) |
Private label collateralized mortgage obligations | 29,419 |  |  | (581) |  |  | 351,040 |  |  | (24,552) |  |  | 380,459 |  |  | (25,133) |
Total | $ | 618,574 |  |  | $ | (11,103) |  |  | $ | 974,040 |  |  | $ | (56,938) |  |  | $ | 1,592,614 |  |  | $ | (68,041) |
| December 31, 2023
| Less than 12 months |  | 12 months or more |  | Total
(amounts in thousands) | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses
Available for sale debt securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Asset-backed securities | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 64,029 |  |  | $ | (4,027) |  |  | $ | 64,029 |  |  | $ | (4,027) |
Agency-guaranteed residential mortgage-backed securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | 116,908 |  |  | (12,681) |  |  | 116,908 |  |  | (12,681) |
Collateralized loan obligations | 29,241 |  |  | (392) |  |  | 438,551 |  |  | (10,626) |  |  | 467,792 |  |  | (11,018) |
Commercial mortgage-backed securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | 121,636 |  |  | (4,249) |  |  | 121,636 |  |  | (4,249) |
Corporate notes | 23,243 |  |  | (1,147) |  |  | 424,768 |  |  | (33,764) |  |  | 448,011 |  |  | (34,911) |
Private label collateralized mortgage obligations | 303,750 |  |  | (11,243) |  |  | 613,007 |  |  | (51,417) |  |  | 916,757 |  |  | (62,660) |
Total | $ | 356,234 |  |  | $ | (12,782) |  |  | $ | 1,778,899 |  |  | $ | (116,764) |  |  | $ | 2,135,133 |  |  | $ | (129,546) |
At December 31, 2024, there were 46 AFS debt securities with unrealized losses in the less-than-twelve-months category and 71 AFS debt securities with unrealized losses in the twelve-months-or-more category. Except for certain AFS debt securities where there was a change in future estimated cash flows as further discussed below, the unrealized losses were principally due to changes in market interest rates and credit spreads that resulted in a negative impact on the respective securities’ fair value and expected to be recovered when market prices recover or at maturity. Customers does not intend to sell any of the 117 securities, and it is not more likely than not that Customers will be required to sell any of the 117 securities before recovery of the amortized cost basis. At December 31, 2023, there were 119 AFS debt securities in an unrealized loss position. Customers recorded an allowance for credit losses on certain AFS debt securities where there was a change in future estimated cash flows during the year ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022. A discounted cash flow approach is used to determine the amount of the allowance. The cash flows expected to be collected, after considering expected prepayments, are discounted at the original effective interest rate. The amount of the allowance is limited to the difference between the amortized cost basis of the security and its estimated fair value. The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses on AFS debt securities, by major security type, for the periods presented:
| For the Years Ended December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
(amounts in thousands) | Asset-backed securities |  | Corporate notes |  | Private label CMOs |  | Total |  | Asset-backed securities |  | Corporate notes |  | Total |  | Asset-backed securities |  | Corporate notes |  | Total
Balance at January 1 | $ | 483 |  |  | $ | 3,469 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,952 |  |  | $ | 578 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 578 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Credit losses on securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded | 224 |  |  | 665 |  |  | 107 |  |  | 996 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,860 |  |  | 3,860 |  |  | 578 |  |  | — |  |  | 578 |
Increase in credit losses on previously impaired securities | — |  |  | 4,675 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,675 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Decrease in allowance for credit losses on previously impaired securities | (345) |  |  | (1,504) |  |  | — |  |  | (1,849) |  |  | (95) |  |  | — |  |  | (95) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Reduction due to sales | — |  |  | (170) |  |  | — |  |  | (170) |  |  | — |  |  | (391) |  |  | (391) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Balance at December 31 | $ | 362 |  |  | $ | 7,135 |  |  | $ | 107 |  |  | $ | 7,604 |  |  | $ | 483 |  |  | $ | 3,469 |  |  | $ | 3,952 |  |  | $ | 578 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 578 |
Customers has elected to not estimate an ACL on accrued interest receivable on AFS debt securities, as it already has a policy in place to reverse or write-off accrued interest, through interest income, for debt securities in nonaccrual status in a timely manner. At December 31, 2024, there was one corporate note in nonaccrual status. There were no AFS debt securities past due under the terms of their agreements or in nonaccrual status at December 31, 2023. Customers recorded a reversal of $2.5 million for the corporate note in accrued interest income for the year ended December 31, 2024. No accrued interest income was reversed for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, no AFS investment securities holding of any one issuer, other than the U.S. government and its agencies, amounted to greater than 10% of shareholders’ equity. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, Customers Bank had pledged AFS investment securities aggregating $1.3 billion and $1.2 billion in fair value, respectively, as collateral primarily for immediately available liquidity from the FRB. The counterparty does not have the ability to sell or repledge these securities. Investment securities held to maturity The amortized cost, approximate fair value and allowance for credit losses of investment securities held to maturity as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 are summarized as follows:
| December 31, 2024 (1)
(amounts in thousands) | Amortized Cost |  | Allowance for Credit Losses |  | Net Carrying Value |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
Held to maturity debt securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Asset-backed securities | $ | 471,996 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 471,996 |  |  | $ | 1,775 |  |  | $ | (401) |  |  | $ | 473,370 |
Agency-guaranteed residential mortgage-backed securities | 6,880 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,880 |  |  | — |  |  | (940) |  |  | 5,940 |
Agency-guaranteed commercial mortgage-backed securities | 1,770 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,770 |  |  | — |  |  | (146) |  |  | 1,624 |
Agency-guaranteed residential collateralized mortgage obligations | 169,754 |  |  | — |  |  | 169,754 |  |  | — |  |  | (21,984) |  |  | 147,770 |
Agency-guaranteed commercial collateralized mortgage obligations | 158,320 |  |  | — |  |  | 158,320 |  |  | — |  |  | (22,689) |  |  | 135,631 |
Private label collateralized mortgage obligations | 183,217 |  |  | — |  |  | 183,217 |  |  | 574 |  |  | (13,449) |  |  | 170,342 |
Total held to maturity debt securities | $ | 991,937 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 991,937 |  |  | $ | 2,349 |  |  | $ | (59,609) |  |  | $ | 934,677 |
| December 31, 2023 (1)
(amounts in thousands) | Amortized Cost |  | Allowance for Credit Losses |  | Net Carrying Value |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
Held to maturity debt securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Asset-backed securities | $ | 575,990 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 575,990 |  |  | $ | 202 |  |  | $ | (2,064) |  |  | $ | 574,128 |
Agency-guaranteed residential mortgage-backed securities | 7,039 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,039 |  |  | — |  |  | (649) |  |  | 6,390 |
Agency-guaranteed commercial mortgage-backed securities | 1,850 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,850 |  |  | — |  |  | (134) |  |  | 1,716 |
Agency-guaranteed residential collateralized mortgage obligations | 186,636 |  |  | — |  |  | 186,636 |  |  | — |  |  | (19,049) |  |  | 167,587 |
Agency-guaranteed commercial collateralized mortgage obligations | 146,765 |  |  | — |  |  | 146,765 |  |  | — |  |  | (23,178) |  |  | 123,587 |
Private label collateralized mortgage obligations | 184,890 |  |  | — |  |  | 184,890 |  |  | — |  |  | (11,859) |  |  | 173,031 |
Total held to maturity debt securities | $ | 1,103,170 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,103,170 |  |  | $ | 202 |  |  | $ | (56,933) |  |  | $ | 1,046,439 |
(1)Accrued interest on HTM debt securities totaled $2.4 million and $2.7 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and is included in accrued interest receivable on the consolidated balance sheet. In June 2022, Customers transferred $500.2 million in net carrying value of certain debt securities from available for sale to held to maturity as a part of Customers’ ongoing asset liability management primarily to mitigate the impact of rising interest rates on the long duration component of the investment portfolio. At the time of transfer to held to maturity, these debt securities had unrealized losses of $50.0 million, which, along with the unrealized loss in accumulated other comprehensive income, will be amortized over the remaining terms of the securities as an adjustment to yield (interest income) using the effective interest method resulting in no impact to current period earnings. On September 30, 2022, Customers sold consumer installment loans with a carrying value of $521.8 million, inclusive of accrued interest and unamortized deferred loan origination costs, to a third-party sponsored VIE. As part of these sales, Customers recognized a loss on sale of $23.5 million in loss on sale of consumer installment loans within non-interest income in the consolidated statement of income for the year ended December 31, 2022. Customers provided financing to the purchaser for a portion of the sale price in the form of $400.0 million of asset-backed securities, presented in the table above, collateralized by the sold loans. Customers acts as the servicer for the sold consumer installment loans, and receives a servicing fee. During the year ended December 31, 2023, Customers sold consumer installment loans that were classified as held for sale with a carrying value of $556.7 million, inclusive of $154.0 million of other installment loans transferred from held for investment to held for sale, accrued interest and unamortized deferred loan origination costs, to two third-party sponsored VIEs. As part of these sales, Customers recognized a loss on sale of $1.2 million, inclusive of transaction costs, in net gain (loss) on sale of loans and leases within non-interest income included in the consolidated statement of income for the year ended December 31, 2023. Customers provided financing to the purchasers for a portion of the sale price in the form of $436.8 million of asset-backed securities, presented in the table above, collateralized by the sold loans. Customers acts as the servicer for the sold consumer installment loans to one of the VIEs, and receives a servicing fee. Customers recognized a servicing asset of $3.8 million upon sale. During the year ended December 31, 2024, Customers sold consumer installment loans that were classified as held for sale with a carrying value of $202.5 million, inclusive of $53.0 million of personal installment loans transferred from held for investment to held for sale, accrued interest and unamortized deferred loan origination costs, to two third-party sponsored VIEs. As part of these sales, Customers recognized a loss on sale of $0.3 million, inclusive of transaction costs, in net gain (loss) on sale of loans and leases within non-interest income included in the consolidated statement of income for the year ended December 31, 2024. Customers provided financing to the purchasers for a portion of the sale price in the form of $160.0 million of asset-backed securities, presented in the table above, collateralized by the sold loans. Customers acts as the servicer for the sold consumer installment loans to the VIEs, and receives a servicing fee. Customers recognized a servicing asset of $2.1 million upon sale. At the time of the sale, and at each subsequent reporting period, Customers is required to evaluate its involvement with the VIEs to determine if it holds a variable interest in the VIEs and, if so, if Customers is the primary beneficiary of the VIEs. If Customers is both a variable interest holder and the primary beneficiary of the VIEs, it would be required to consolidate the VIEs. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, Customers concluded that its investments in asset-backed securities as well as the servicing fees are considered variable interests in the VIEs as there is a possibility, even if remote, that would result in Customers’ interests in the asset-backed securities or the servicing fees absorbing some of the losses of the VIEs. After concluding that Customers has one or more variable interests in the VIEs, Customers must determine if it is the primary beneficiary of the VIEs. U.S. GAAP defines the primary beneficiary as the entity that has both an economic exposure to the VIE as well as the power to direct the activities that are determined to be most significant to the economic performance of the VIE. In order to make this determination, Customers needed to first establish which activities are the most significant to the economic performance of the VIEs. Based on a review of the VIEs’ activities, Customers concluded that the servicing activities, specifically those performed for significantly delinquent loans contribute most significantly to the performance of the loans and thus the VIEs. The conclusion is based upon review of the historical performance of the types of consumer installment loans sold to the VIEs, as well as consideration of which activities performed by the owner or servicer of the loans contribute most significantly to the ultimate performance of the loans. The loan servicing agreements between Customers and the VIEs for a portion of the sold consumer loans provide that the VIEs have substantive kick-out rights to replace Customers as the servicer with or without cause. Accordingly, as a holder of the asset-backed securities and the servicer of the loans, Customers does not have the power to direct the servicing of significantly delinquent loans given the VIEs’ substantive kick-out rights. Customers is not the servicer for the sold consumer loans to some of the VIEs and therefore does not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of these VIEs. As the activities which most significantly affect the performance of the VIEs are not controlled by Customers, Customers has concluded that it is therefore not the primary beneficiary and does not consolidate the VIEs. Customers accounted for its investments in the asset-backed securities as HTM debt securities on the consolidated balance sheet. The following table presents HTM debt securities by stated maturity, including debt securities backed by mortgages and other assets with expected maturities that differ from contractual maturities because borrowers have the right to call or prepay and, therefore, are classified separately with no specific maturity date:
| December 31, 2024
(amounts in thousands) | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value
Asset-backed securities | $ | 471,996 |  |  | $ | 473,370 |
Agency-guaranteed residential mortgage-backed securities | 6,880 |  |  | 5,940 |
Agency-guaranteed commercial mortgage-backed securities | 1,770 |  |  | 1,624 |
Agency-guaranteed residential collateralized mortgage obligations | 169,754 |  |  | 147,770 |
Agency-guaranteed commercial collateralized mortgage obligations | 158,320 |  |  | 135,631 |
Private label collateralized mortgage obligations | 183,217 |  |  | 170,342 |
Total held to maturity debt securities | $ | 991,937 |  |  | $ | 934,677 |
Customers recorded no allowance for credit losses on investment securities classified as held to maturity at December 31, 2024 and 2023. The U.S. government agency securities represent obligations issued by a U.S. government-sponsored enterprise or other federal government agency that are explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. federal government and therefore, assumed to have zero credit losses. The private label collateralized mortgage obligations that are highly rated with sufficient overcollateralization are estimated to have no expected credit losses. Customers recorded no allowance for its investments in the asset-backed securities. Customers considered the seniority of its beneficial interests, which include overcollateralization of these asset-backed securities in the estimate of the ACL at December 31, 2024 and 2023. The unrealized losses on HTM debt securities with no ACL were primarily due to changes in market interest rates that resulted in a negative impact on the respective securities’ fair value and are expected to be recovered when market prices recover or at maturity. Credit Quality Indicators Customers monitors the credit quality of HTM debt securities primarily through credit ratings provided by rating agencies. Investment grade debt securities are rated BBB- or higher by S&P Global Ratings, Baa3 or higher by Moody’s Investors Service or equivalent ratings by other rating agencies, and are generally considered to be of low credit risk. Except for the asset-backed securities and a private label collateralized mortgage obligation, all of the HTM debt securities held by Customers were investment grade or U.S. government agency guaranteed securities that were not rated at December 31, 2024 and 2023. The asset-backed securities and a private label collateralized mortgage obligation are not rated by rating agencies. Customers monitors the credit quality of these asset-backed securities and a private label collateralized mortgage obligation by evaluating the performance of the sold consumer installment loans and other underlying loans against the overcollateralization available for these securities. The following table presents the amortized cost of HTM debt securities based on their lowest credit rating available:
| December 31, 2024
(amounts in thousands) | AAA |  | AA |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Not Rated |  | Total
Held to maturity debt securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Asset-backed securities | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 471,996 |  |  | $ | 471,996 |
Agency-guaranteed residential mortgage-backed securities | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6,880 |  |  | 6,880 |
Agency-guaranteed commercial mortgage-backed securities | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,770 |  |  | 1,770 |
Agency-guaranteed residential collateralized mortgage obligations | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 169,754 |  |  | 169,754 |
Agency-guaranteed commercial collateralized mortgage obligations | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 158,320 |  |  | 158,320 |
Private label collateralized mortgage obligations | 99,589 |  |  | 9,309 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 74,319 |  |  | 183,217 |
Total held to maturity debt securities | $ | 99,589 |  |  | $ | 9,309 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 883,039 |  |  | $ | 991,937 |
Customers has elected to not estimate an ACL on accrued interest receivable on HTM debt securities, as it already has a policy in place to reverse or write-off accrued interest, through interest income, for debt securities in nonaccrual status in a timely manner. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, there were no HTM debt securities past due under the terms of their agreements or in nonaccrual status. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, Customers Bank had pledged HTM investment securities aggregating $386.4 million and $398.4 million in fair value, respectively, as collateral primarily for immediately available liquidity from the FRB and unused lines of credit with another financial institution. The counterparties do not have the ability to sell or repledge these securities.

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