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Table of Contents

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549
____________________________________________________________________________
FORM 10-Q
____________________________________________________________________________
(Mark One)
☒Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2019
or
☐Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the transition period from ______ to ______
Commission File Number 000-23441
____________________________________________________________________________
POWER INTEGRATIONS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
____________________________________________________________________________

Delaware |  | 94-3065014
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

5245 Hellyer Avenue |  |
San Jose | , | California |  | 95138
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) |  | (Zip Code)

(408) 414-9200
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock |  | POWI |  | The Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

Large Accelerated Filer | x | Accelerated Filer | ☐
Non-accelerated Filer | ☐ | Smaller Reporting Company | ☐
|  | Emerging Growth Company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No x
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

Class | Shares Outstanding at October 18, 2019
Common Stock, $0.001 par value | 29,422,335

Table of Contents
POWER INTEGRATIONS, INC.
TABLE OF CONTENTS

|  | Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Financial Statements |
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (Unaudited) | 4
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 (Unaudited) | 5
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 (Unaudited) | 6
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 (Unaudited) | 7
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 (Unaudited) | 8
| Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 9
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 26
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 32
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 33
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 34
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 34
Item 6. | Exhibits | 35
SIGNATURES |  | 36

2

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Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes a number of forward-looking statements that involve many risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements are identified by the use of the words “would,” “could,” “will,” “may,” “expect,” “believe,” “should,” “anticipate,” “if,” “future,” “intend,” “plan,” “estimate,” “potential,” “target,” “seek,” or “continue” and similar words and phrases, including the negatives of these terms, or other variations of these terms, that denote future events. These statements reflect our current views with respect to future events and our potential financial performance and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results and financial position to differ materially and adversely from what is projected or implied in any forward-looking statements included in this Form 10-Q. These factors include, but are not limited to, the risks described under the caption “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, and in Item 2 of Part I — “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including, but not limited to: our quarterly operating results are volatile and difficult to predict, and if we fail to meet the expectations of public market analysts or investors, the market price of our common stock may decrease significantly; if demand for our products declines in our major end markets, our net revenues will decrease; our products are sold through distributors, which limits our direct interaction with our end customers, therefore reducing our ability to forecast sales and increasing the complexity of our business; we depend on third-party suppliers to provide us with wafers for our products, and if they fail to provide us sufficient quantities of wafers, our business may suffer; intense competition may lead to a decrease in our average selling price and reduced sales volume of our products; if our products do not penetrate additional markets, our business will not grow as we expect; we do not have long-term contracts with any of our customers and if they fail to place, or if they cancel or reschedule orders for our products, our operating results and our business may suffer; if we are unable to adequately protect or enforce our intellectual property rights, we could lose market share, incur costly litigation expenses, suffer incremental price erosion or lose valuable assets, any of which could harm our operations and negatively impact our profitability. We make these forward-looking statements based upon information available on the date of this Form 10-Q, and we expressly disclaim any obligation to update or alter any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information or otherwise, except as required by laws.
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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
POWER INTEGRATIONS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)

(In thousands) | September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
ASSETS |  |  |
CURRENT ASSETS: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 80,162 |  |  | $ | 134,137 |
Short-term marketable securities | 164,649 |  |  | 94,451 |
Accounts receivable, net of allowances for doubtful accounts of $763 and $706 in 2019 and 2018, respectively | 25,819 |  |  | 11,072 |
Inventories | 88,710 |  |  | 80,857 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 15,316 |  |  | 11,915 |
Total current assets | 374,656 |  |  | 332,432 |
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, net | 114,930 |  |  | 114,117 |
INTANGIBLE ASSETS, net | 18,238 |  |  | 21,152 |
GOODWILL | 91,849 |  |  | 91,849 |
DEFERRED TAX ASSETS | 5,564 |  |  | 6,906 |
OTHER ASSETS | 31,173 |  |  | 22,241 |
Total assets | $ | 636,410 |  |  | $ | 588,697 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |
CURRENT LIABILITIES: |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 30,542 |  |  | $ | 31,552 |
Accrued payroll and related expenses | 10,796 |  |  | 12,131 |
Taxes payable | 597 |  |  | 933 |
Other accrued liabilities | 7,717 |  |  | 3,750 |
Total current liabilities | 49,652 |  |  | 48,366 |
LONG-TERM INCOME TAXES PAYABLE | 9,309 |  |  | 8,652 |
DEFERRED TAX LIABILITIES | 152 |  |  | 216 |
OTHER LIABILITIES | 11,969 |  |  | 4,391 |
Total liabilities | 71,082 |  |  | 61,625 |
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Notes 11, 12, 13 and 14) |  |  |
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY: |  |  |
Common stock | 28 |  |  | 28 |
Additional paid-in capital | 143,554 |  |  | 126,164 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (1,084 | ) |  | (1,689 | )
Retained earnings | 422,830 |  |  | 402,569 |
Total stockholders’ equity | 565,328 |  |  | 527,072 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 636,410 |  |  | $ | 588,697 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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POWER INTEGRATIONS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Unaudited)

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| September 30, |  | September 30,
(In thousands, except per share amounts) | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
NET REVENUES | $ | 114,159 |  |  | $ | 110,085 |  |  | $ | 306,212 |  |  | $ | 322,648 |
COST OF REVENUES | 56,028 |  |  | 53,080 |  |  | 151,035 |  |  | 155,865 |
GROSS PROFIT | 58,131 |  |  | 57,005 |  |  | 155,177 |  |  | 166,783 |
OPERATING EXPENSES: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development | 17,957 |  |  | 17,236 |  |  | 55,172 |  |  | 52,615 |
Sales and marketing | 13,452 |  |  | 13,278 |  |  | 39,678 |  |  | 39,863 |
General and administrative | 9,224 |  |  | 8,466 |  |  | 26,948 |  |  | 26,700 |
Total operating expenses | 40,633 |  |  | 38,980 |  |  | 121,798 |  |  | 119,178 |
INCOME FROM OPERATIONS | 17,498 |  |  | 18,025 |  |  | 33,379 |  |  | 47,605 |
OTHER INCOME | 1,078 |  |  | 1,098 |  |  | 3,540 |  |  | 2,819 |
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES | 18,576 |  |  | 19,123 |  |  | 36,919 |  |  | 50,424 |
PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES | 1,477 |  |  | 1,456 |  |  | 1,742 |  |  | 3,176 |
NET INCOME | $ | 17,099 |  |  | $ | 17,667 |  |  | $ | 35,177 |  |  | $ | 47,248 |
EARNINGS PER SHARE: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 0.58 |  |  | $ | 0.60 |  |  | $ | 1.20 |  |  | $ | 1.60 |
Diluted | $ | 0.57 |  |  | $ | 0.59 |  |  | $ | 1.18 |  |  | $ | 1.56 |
SHARES USED IN PER SHARE CALCULATION: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 29,385 |  |  | 29,365 |  |  | 29,213 |  |  | 29,558 |
Diluted | 29,866 |  |  | 29,998 |  |  | 29,709 |  |  | 30,281 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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POWER INTEGRATIONS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Unaudited)

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| September 30, |  | September 30,
(In thousands) | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
NET INCOME | $ | 17,099 |  |  | $ | 17,667 |  |  | $ | 35,177 |  |  | $ | 47,248 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of $0 tax in each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 | 27 |  |  | (184 | ) |  | (245 | ) |  | (184 | )
Unrealized gain on marketable securities, net of $0 tax in each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 | 208 |  |  | 165 |  |  | 799 |  |  | 153 |
Amortization of defined benefit pension items, net of tax of $5 and $15 in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, and $9 and $27 in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively | 17 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 51 |  |  | 94 |
Total other comprehensive income | 252 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 605 |  |  | 63 |
TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME | $ | 17,351 |  |  | $ | 17,679 |  |  | $ | 35,782 |  |  | $ | 47,311 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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POWER INTEGRATIONS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Unaudited)

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| September 30, |  | September 30,
(In thousands) | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Common stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | 28 |  |  | $ | 28 |  |  | $ | 28 |  |  | $ | 29 |
Common stock issued under employee stock plans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Repurchase of common stock | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1 | )
Ending balance | 28 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 28 |
Additional paid-in capital |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | 134,443 |  |  | 152,380 |  |  | 126,164 |  |  | 198,384 |
Common stock issued under employee stock plans | 4,005 |  |  | 2,915 |  |  | 9,683 |  |  | 8,550 |
Repurchase of common stock | — |  |  | (10,988 | ) |  | (7,302 | ) |  | (74,377 | )
Stock-based compensation | 5,106 |  |  | 4,389 |  |  | 15,009 |  |  | 16,139 |
Ending balance | 143,554 |  |  | 148,696 |  |  | 143,554 |  |  | 148,696 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | (1,336 | ) |  | (2,088 | ) |  | (1,689 | ) |  | (2,139 | )
Other comprehensive income | 252 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 605 |  |  | 63 |
Ending balance | (1,084 | ) |  | (2,076 | ) |  | (1,084 | ) |  | (2,076 | )
Retained earnings |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | 410,730 |  |  | 371,509 |  |  | 402,569 |  |  | 351,408 |
Net income | 17,099 |  |  | 17,667 |  |  | 35,177 |  |  | 47,248 |
Payment of dividends to stockholders | (4,999 | ) |  | (4,692 | ) |  | (14,916 | ) |  | (14,172 | )
Ending balance | 422,830 |  |  | 384,484 |  |  | 422,830 |  |  | 384,484 |
Total stockholders’ equity | $ | 565,328 |  |  | $ | 531,132 |  |  | $ | 565,328 |  |  | $ | 531,132 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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POWER INTEGRATIONS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)

| Nine Months Ended
| September 30,
(In thousands) | 2019 |  | 2018
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |
Net income | $ | 35,177 |  |  | $ | 47,248 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation | 14,262 |  |  | 14,369 |
Amortization of intangibles | 3,840 |  |  | 3,967 |
Loss on disposal of property and equipment | 214 |  |  | 455 |
Stock-based compensation expense | 15,009 |  |  | 16,138 |
Amortization of premium (accretion of discount) on marketable securities | (296 | ) |  | 342 |
Deferred income taxes | 1,278 |  |  | (1,395 | )
Increase in accounts receivable allowances | 57 |  |  | 170 |
Change in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts receivable | (14,804 | ) |  | 2,886 |
Inventories | (7,853 | ) |  | (17,114 | )
Prepaid expenses and other assets | (3,034 | ) |  | (2,721 | )
Accounts payable | (2,636 | ) |  | 2,647 |
Taxes payable and accrued liabilities | 1,126 |  |  | (1,357 | )
Net cash provided by operating activities | 42,340 |  |  | 65,635 |
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |
Purchases of property and equipment | (14,325 | ) |  | (19,120 | )
Acquisition of technology licenses | (351 | ) |  | (900 | )
Purchases of marketable securities | (135,288 | ) |  | (58,221 | )
Proceeds from sales and maturities of marketable securities | 66,184 |  |  | 147,501 |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | (83,780 | ) |  | 69,260 |
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |
Issuance of common stock under employee stock plans | 9,683 |  |  | 8,550 |
Repurchase of common stock | (7,302 | ) |  | (74,377 | )
Payments of dividends to stockholders | (14,916 | ) |  | (14,172 | )
Proceeds from draw on line of credit | — |  |  | 8,000 |
Payments on line of credit | — |  |  | (8,000 | )
Net cash used in financing activities | (12,535 | ) |  | (79,999 | )
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | (53,975 | ) |  | 54,896 |
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT BEGINNING OF PERIOD | 134,137 |  |  | 93,655 |
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF PERIOD | $ | 80,162 |  |  | $ | 148,551 |
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |
Unpaid property and equipment | $ | 2,868 |  |  | $ | 3,424 |
Unpaid technology licenses | $ | 675 |  |  | $ | 100 |
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION: |  |  |
Cash paid for income taxes, net | $ | 1,083 |  |  | $ | 5,897 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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POWER INTEGRATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION:
The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Power Integrations, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and its wholly owned subsidiaries. Significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
While the financial information furnished is unaudited, the condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report reflect all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) that the Company considers necessary for the fair presentation of the results of operations for the interim periods covered and the financial condition of the Company at the date of the interim balance sheet in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). The results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results for the entire year. The condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Power Integrations, Inc. consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2018, included in its Form 10-K filed on February 13, 2019, with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS:
Significant Accounting Policies and Estimates
Except for the adoption of the new accounting standards for leases mentioned below, no material changes have been made to the Company’s significant accounting policies disclosed in Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies and Recent Accounting Pronouncements, in its Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on February 13, 2019, for the year ended December 31, 2018.
Adoption of New Accounting Standards
In February 2016, the FASB amended the existing accounting standards for leases, ASU 2016-02, Leases. The amendments require lessees to recognize, on the balance sheet, assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by leases. The accounting by lessors will remain largely unchanged from that applied under previous U.S. GAAP. The Company is required to adopt the amendments in the first quarter of fiscal 2019, with early adoption permitted.
The Company adopted the new standards in the first quarter of 2019, effective January 1, 2019, using the optional transition method, under which the new standards were applied prospectively rather than restating the prior periods presented. The Company elected the practical expedients under the transition guidance, which includes the use of hindsight in determining the lease term and the practical expedient package to not reassess whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, to not reassess the classification of any expired or existing leases, and to not reassess initial direct costs for any existing leases. In addition, the Company elected the practical expedient to recognize lease and non-lease components as a single lease component. The Company has elected not to record on the balance sheet leases with an initial term of twelve months or less. Upon adoption, the Company recognized both right-of-use assets and corresponding lease liabilities of approximately $7.3 million and $7.2 million, respectively, on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The difference between the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities was due to prepaid rent. There was no impact on the condensed consolidated statement of income or the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows.
3. COMPONENTS OF THE COMPANY’S CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS:
Accounts Receivable

(In thousands) | September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Accounts receivable trade | $ | 61,056 |  |  | $ | 54,055 |
Allowances for ship and debit | (30,678 | ) |  | (40,118 | )
Allowances for stock rotation and rebate | (3,796 | ) |  | (2,159 | )
Allowances for doubtful accounts | (763 | ) |  | (706 | )
Total | $ | 25,819 |  |  | $ | 11,072 |

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POWER INTEGRATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Inventories

(In thousands) | September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Raw materials | $ | 38,286 |  |  | $ | 41,138 |
Work-in-process | 22,727 |  |  | 15,612 |
Finished goods | 27,697 |  |  | 24,107 |
Total | $ | 88,710 |  |  | $ | 80,857 |

Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

(In thousands) | September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Prepaid legal fees | $ | 1,906 |  |  | $ | 181 |
Prepaid income tax | 4,028 |  |  | 3,081 |
Prepaid maintenance agreements | 1,062 |  |  | 2,047 |
Interest receivable | 1,286 |  |  | 595 |
Advance to suppliers | 3,074 |  |  | 2,157 |
Other | 3,960 |  |  | 3,854 |
Total | $ | 15,316 |  |  | $ | 11,915 |

Intangible Assets

| September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
(In thousands) | Gross |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net |  | Gross |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net
Domain name | $ | 1,261 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,261 |  |  | $ | 1,261 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,261 |
In-process research and development | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,690 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,690 |
Developed technology | 37,960 |  |  | (24,993 | ) |  | 12,967 |  |  | 33,270 |  |  | (22,464 | ) |  | 10,806 |
Customer relationships | 20,030 |  |  | (17,720 | ) |  | 2,310 |  |  | 20,030 |  |  | (16,520 | ) |  | 3,510 |
Technology licenses | 1,926 |  |  | (226 | ) |  | 1,700 |  |  | 1,000 |  |  | (115 | ) |  | 885 |
Total | $ | 61,177 |  |  | $ | (42,939 | ) |  | $ | 18,238 |  |  | $ | 60,251 |  |  | $ | (39,099 | ) |  | $ | 21,152 |

The estimated future amortization expense related to finite-lived intangible assets at September 30, 2019, is as follows:

Fiscal Year | Estimated Amortization (In thousands)
2019 (remaining three months) | $ | 1,380 |
2020 | 4,355 |
2021 | 3,489 |
2022 | 2,411 |
2023 | 2,169 |
Thereafter | 3,173 |
Total | $ | 16,977 |

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POWER INTEGRATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss for three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, were as follows:

| Unrealized Gains and Losses on Marketable Securities |  | Defined Benefit Pension Items |  | Foreign Currency Items |  | Total
| Three Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended
| September 30, |  | September 30, |  | September 30, |  | September 30,
(In thousands) | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Beginning balance | $ | 325 |  |  | $ | (439 | ) |  | $ | (678 | ) |  | $ | (1,174 | ) |  | $ | (983 | ) |  | $ | (475 | ) |  | $ | (1,336 | ) |  | $ | (2,088 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | 208 |  |  | 165 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 27 |  |  | (184 | ) |  | 235 |  |  | (19 | )
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | 17 |  | (1 | ) | 31 |  | (1 | ) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 17 |  |  | 31 |
Net-current period other comprehensive income (loss) | 208 |  |  | 165 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 27 |  |  | (184 | ) |  | 252 |  |  | 12 |
Ending balance | $ | 533 |  |  | $ | (274 | ) |  | $ | (661 | ) |  | $ | (1,143 | ) |  | $ | (956 | ) |  | $ | (659 | ) |  | $ | (1,084 | ) |  | $ | (2,076 | )

_______________

(1) | This component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) is included in the computation of net periodic pension cost for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.

| Unrealized Gains and Losses on Marketable Securities |  | Defined Benefit Pension Items |  | Foreign Currency Items |  | Total
| Nine Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| September 30, |  | September 30, |  | September 30, |  | September 30,
(In thousands) | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Beginning balance | $ | (266 | ) |  | $ | (427 | ) |  | $ | (712 | ) |  | $ | (1,237 | ) |  | $ | (711 | ) |  | $ | (475 | ) |  | $ | (1,689 | ) |  | $ | (2,139 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | 799 |  |  | 153 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (245 | ) |  | (184 | ) |  | 554 |  |  | (31 | )
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | 51 |  | (1 | ) | 94 |  | (1 | ) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 51 |  |  | 94 |
Net-current period other comprehensive income (loss) | 799 |  |  | 153 |  |  | 51 |  |  | 94 |  |  | (245 | ) |  | (184 | ) |  | 605 |  |  | 63 |
Ending balance | $ | 533 |  |  | $ | (274 | ) |  | $ | (661 | ) |  | $ | (1,143 | ) |  | $ | (956 | ) |  | $ | (659 | ) |  | $ | (1,084 | ) |  | $ | (2,076 | )

_______________

(1) | This component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) is included in the computation of net periodic pension cost for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.

4. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS:
The FASB established a three-tier value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows: (Level 1) observable inputs such as quoted prices for identical assets in active markets; (Level 2) inputs other than the quoted prices in active markets that are observable either directly or indirectly; and (Level 3) unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which requires the Company to develop its own assumptions. This hierarchy requires the Company to use observable market data, when available, and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs when determining fair value.
The Company's cash equivalents and short-term marketable securities are classified within Level 1 or Level 2 of the fair-value hierarchy because they are valued using quoted market prices, broker or dealer quotations, or alternative pricing sources with reasonable levels of price transparency.
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POWER INTEGRATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
The fair-value hierarchy of the Company's cash equivalents and marketable securities at September 30, 2019, and December 31, 2018, was as follows:

| Fair Value Measurement at
| September 30, 2019
(In thousands) | Total Fair Value |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
Corporate securities | $ | 161,408 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 161,408 |
Commercial paper | 48,323 |  |  | — |  |  | 48,323 |
Money market funds | 3,157 |  |  | 3,157 |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 212,888 |  |  | $ | 3,157 |  |  | $ | 209,731 |

| Fair Value Measurement at
| December 31, 2018
(In thousands) | Total Fair Value |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
Corporate securities | $ | 94,451 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 94,451 |
Commercial paper | 96,366 |  |  | — |  |  | 96,366 |
Money market funds | 304 |  |  | 304 |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 191,121 |  |  | $ | 304 |  |  | $ | 190,817 |

The Company did not transfer any investments between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair-value hierarchy in the nine months ended September 30, 2019, and the twelve months ended December 31, 2018.
5. MARKETABLE SECURITIES:
Amortized cost and estimated fair market value of marketable securities classified as available-for-sale (excluding cash equivalents) at September 30, 2019, were as follows:

| Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized |  | Estimated Fair Market Value
(In thousands) |  | Gains |  | Losses |
Investments due in 3 months or less: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial paper | $ | 3,241 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,241 |
Corporate securities | 900 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 900 |
Total | 4,141 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,141 |
Investments due in 4-12 months: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate securities | 68,989 |  |  | 310 |  |  | — |  |  | 69,299 |
Total | 68,989 |  |  | 310 |  |  | — |  |  | 69,299 |
Investments due in 12 months or greater: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate securities | 90,986 |  |  | 228 |  |  | (5 | ) |  | 91,209 |
Total | 90,986 |  |  | 228 |  |  | (5 | ) |  | 91,209 |
Total marketable securities | $ | 164,116 |  |  | $ | 538 |  |  | $ | (5 | ) |  | $ | 164,649 |

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POWER INTEGRATIONS, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Amortized cost and estimated fair market value of marketable securities classified as available-for-sale (excluding cash equivalents) at December 31, 2018, were as follows:

| Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized |  | Estimated Fair Market Value
(In thousands) |  | Gains |  | Losses |
Investments due in 3 months or less: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate securities | $ | 6,788 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (2 | ) |  | $ | 6,786 |
Total | 6,788 |  |  | — |  |  | (2 | ) |  | 6,786 |
Investments due in 4-12 months: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate securities | 60,123 |  |  | — |  |  | (244 | ) |  | 59,879 |
Total | 60,123 |  |  | — |  |  | (244 | ) |  | 59,879 |
Investments due in 12 months or greater: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate securities | 27,806 |  |  | 2 |  |  | (22 | ) |  | 27,786 |
Total | 27,806 |  |  | 2 |  |  | (22 | ) |  | 27,786 |
Total marketable securities | $ | 94,717 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | (268 | ) |  | $ | 94,451 |

As of September 30, 2019, and December 31, 2018, the Company evaluated the nature of the investments with a loss position, which were primarily high-quality corporate securities, and determined the unrealized losses were not other-than-temporary.
6. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION:
The following table summarizes the stock-based compensation expense recognized in accordance with ASC 718-10 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, and September 30, 2018:

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
(In thousands) | September 30, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018 |  | September 30, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018
Cost of revenues | $ | 280 |  |  | $ | 243 |  |  | $ | 824 |  |  | $ | 784 |
Research and development | 1,893 |  |  | 1,634 |  |  | 5,669 |  |  | 5,744 |
Sales and marketing | 1,211 |  |  | 1,105 |  |  | 3,413 |  |  | 3,507 |
General and administrative | 1,722 |  |  | 1,416 |  |  | 5,103 |  |  | 6,103 |
Total stock-based compensation expense | $ | 5,106 |  |  | $ | 4,398 |  |  | $ | 15,009 |  |  | $ | 16,138 |

Stock-based compensation expense in the three months ended September 30, 2019, was approximately $5.1 million, comprising approximately $4.4 million related to restricted stock unit (RSU) awards, $0.3 million related to performance-based (PSU) awards and long-term performance-based (PRSU) awards and $0.4 million related to the Company’s employee stock purchase plan. In the nine months ended September 30, 2019, stock-based compensation expense was approximately $15.0 million, comprising approximately $13.2 million related to RSUs, $0.6 million related to PSUs and PRSUs and $1.2 million related to the Company’s employee stock purchase plan.
Stock-based compensation expense in the three months ended September 30, 2018, was approximately $4.4 million, comprising approximately $4.2 million related to RSUs, a reduction to expense of $0.1 million related to PSUs and PRSUs and $0.3 million related to the Company’s employee stock purchase plan. In the nine months ended September 30, 2018, stock-based compensation expense was approximately $16.1 million, comprising approximately $12.4 million related to RSUs, $2.6 million related to PSUs and PRSUs and $1.1 million related to the Company’s employee stock purchase plan.
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Stock Options
A summary of stock options outstanding as of September 30, 2019, and activity during the nine months then ended, is presented below:

| Shares (In thousands) |  | Weighted- Average Exercise Price |  | Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (In years) |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (In thousands)
Outstanding at January 1, 2019 | 335 |  |  | $ | 32.41 |  |  |  |  |
Granted | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Exercised | (162 | ) |  | $ | 25.51 |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited or expired | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at September 30, 2019 | 173 |  |  | $ | 38.85 |  |  | 1.51 |  | $ | 8,945 |
Vested and exercisable at September 30, 2019 | 173 |  |  |  |  | 1.51 |  | $ | 8,945 |

PSU Awards
Under the performance-based awards program, the Company grants awards in the performance year in an amount equal to twice the target number of shares to be issued if the maximum performance metrics are met. The number of shares that are released at the end of the performance year can range from zero to 200% of the target number depending on the Company’s performance. The performance metrics of this program are annual targets consisting of a combination of net revenue, non-GAAP operating income and strategic goals.
As the net revenue, non-GAAP operating income and strategic goals are considered performance conditions, expense associated with these awards, net of estimated forfeitures, is recognized over the service period based on an assessment of the achievement of the performance targets. The fair value of these PSUs is determined using the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the date of the grant, reduced by the discounted present value of dividends expected to be declared before the awards vest. If the performance conditions are not achieved, no compensation cost is recognized and any previously recognized compensation is reversed.
In January 2019, it was determined that approximately 26,000 shares of the PSUs granted in 2018 vested in aggregate; the shares were released to the Company’s employees and executives in the first quarter of 2019.
A summary of PSUs outstanding as of September 30, 2019, and activity during the nine months then ended, is presented below:

| Shares (In thousands) |  | Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share |  | Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (In years) |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (In thousands)
Outstanding at January 1, 2019 | 26 |  |  | $ | 62.87 |  |  |  |  |
Granted | 92 |  |  | $ | 70.08 |  |  |  |  |
Vested | (26 | ) |  | $ | 62.87 |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at September 30, 2019 | 92 |  |  | $ | 70.08 |  |  | 0.25 |  | $ | 8,353 |
Outstanding and expected to vest at September 30, 2019 | 34 |  |  |  |  | 0.25 |  | $ | 3,141 |

PRSU Awards
The Company's PRSU program provides for the issuance of PRSUs which will vest based on the Company's performance measured against the PRSU program's established revenue targets. PRSUs are granted in an amount equal to twice the target number of shares to be issued if the maximum performance metrics are met. The actual number of shares the recipient receives is determined at the end of a three-year performance period based on results achieved versus the Company's performance goals, and may range from zero to 200% of the target number. The performance goals for PRSUs granted in fiscal 2017, 2018 and 2019 were based on the Company’s annual revenue growth over the respective three-year performance period.
Expense associated with these awards, net of estimated forfeitures, is recorded throughout the year depending on the number of shares expected to vest based on progress toward the performance target. If the performance conditions are not achieved, no compensation cost is recognized and any previously recognized compensation is reversed.
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
In January 2019, it was determined that approximately 70,000 shares of the PRSUs granted in 2016, vested in aggregate; the shares were released to the Company’s executives in the first quarter of 2019.
A summary of PRSUs outstanding as of September 30, 2019, and activity during the nine months then ended, is presented below:

| Shares (In thousands) |  | Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share |  | Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (In years) |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (In thousands)
Outstanding at January 1, 2019 | 213 |  |  | $ | 55.48 |  |  |  |  |
Granted | 72 |  |  | $ | 68.17 |  |  |  |  |
Vested | (70 | ) |  | $ | 43.26 |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at September 30, 2019 | 215 |  |  | $ | 63.70 |  |  | 1.25 |  | $ | 19,424 |
Outstanding and expected to vest at September 30, 2019 | 58 |  |  |  |  | 2.25 |  | $ | 5,274 |

RSU Awards
A summary of RSUs outstanding as of September 30, 2019, and activity during the nine months then ended, is presented below:

| Shares (In thousands) |  | Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share |  | Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (In years) |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (In thousands)
Outstanding at January 1, 2019 | 895 |  |  | $ | 58.19 |  |  |  |  |
Granted | 275 |  |  | $ | 68.88 |  |  |  |  |
Vested | (295 | ) |  | $ | 56.15 |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited | (19 | ) |  | $ | 62.32 |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at September 30, 2019 | 856 |  |  | $ | 62.24 |  |  | 1.81 |  | $ | 77,414 |
Outstanding and expected to vest at September 30, 2019 | 789 |  |  |  |  | 1.72 |  | $ | 71,347 |

7. SIGNIFICANT CUSTOMERS AND GEOGRAPHIC NET REVENUES:
Segment Reporting
The Company is organized and operates as one reportable segment, the design, development, manufacture and marketing of integrated circuits and related components for use primarily in the high-voltage power-conversion market. The Company’s chief operating decision maker, the Chief Executive Officer, reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of making operating decisions and assessing financial performance.
Customer Concentration
The Company's top ten customers accounted for approximately 55% and 54% of net revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, and approximately 56% and 57%, respectively, of net revenues in the corresponding periods of the previous year. A significant portion of these revenues are attributable to sales of the Company’s products to distributors of electronic components. These distributors sell the Company’s products to a broad, diverse range of end users, including original equipment manufacturers, or OEMs, and merchant power supply manufacturers. Sales to distributors were $78.0 million and $222.7 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, and $83.3 million and $245.4 million, respectively, for the corresponding periods of 2018. Direct sales to OEMs and power-supply manufacturers accounted for the remainder.
In each of three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, one customer, a distributor of the Company's products, accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s net revenues.
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
The following table discloses this customer’s percentage of revenues for the respective periods:

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
Customer | September 30, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018 |  | September 30, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018
Avnet | 11 | % |  | 14 | % |  | 11 | % |  | 14 | %

No other customers accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s net revenues in the periods presented.
Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash investments and trade receivables. The Company does not have any off-balance-sheet credit exposure related to its customers. As of September 30, 2019, and December 31, 2018, 65% and 64%, respectively, of accounts receivable were concentrated with the Company’s top ten customers.
The following customers represented 10% or more of accounts receivable:

Customer | September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Avnet | 14 | % |  | 17 | %
Powertech Distribution Ltd. | * |  |  | 11 | %

*Total customer accounts receivable was less than 10% of net accounts receivables.
No other customers accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s accounts receivable in the periods presented.
Geographic Net Revenues
The Company markets its products globally through its sales personnel and a worldwide network of independent sales representatives and distributors. Geographic net revenues, based on “bill to” customer locations, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, and September 30, 2018, were as follows:

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
(In thousands) | September 30, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018 |  | September 30, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018
United States of America | $ | 2,878 |  |  | $ | 4,460 |  |  | $ | 8,162 |  |  | $ | 12,056 |
Hong Kong/China | 64,526 |  |  | 59,178 |  |  | 171,110 |  |  | 169,149 |
Taiwan | 10,410 |  |  | 11,210 |  |  | 27,246 |  |  | 36,010 |
Korea | 7,177 |  |  | 8,087 |  |  | 22,621 |  |  | 25,965 |
Western Europe (excluding Germany) | 9,220 |  |  | 12,842 |  |  | 28,746 |  |  | 37,910 |
Japan | 4,753 |  |  | 5,040 |  |  | 11,312 |  |  | 15,238 |
Germany | 4,921 |  |  | 3,873 |  |  | 13,661 |  |  | 10,882 |
Other | 10,274 |  |  | 5,395 |  |  | 23,354 |  |  | 15,438 |
Total net revenues | $ | 114,159 |  |  | $ | 110,085 |  |  | $ | 306,212 |  |  | $ | 322,648 |

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
8. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
Common Stock Shares Outstanding

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
(In thousands) | September 30, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018 |  | September 30, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018
Beginning balance | 29,330 |  |  | 29,421 |  |  | 28,889 |  |  | 29,782 |
Common stock issued under employee stock plans | 89 |  |  | 59 |  |  | 651 |  |  | 630 |
Repurchased | — |  |  | (152 | ) |  | (121 | ) |  | (1,084 | )
Ending balance | 29,419 |  |  | 29,328 |  |  | 29,419 |  |  | 29,328 |

Common Stock Repurchases
As of December 31, 2018, the Company had approximately $51.2 million remaining under its stock-repurchase program. In the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company repurchased approximately 121,000 shares of its common stock for approximately $7.3 million. As of September 30, 2019, the Company had approximately $43.9 million remaining under its current repurchase program, which has no expiration date. Authorization of future repurchase programs is at the discretion of the board of directors and will depend on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, business conditions and other factors.
Cash Dividends
In January 2019, the Company’s board of directors declared four quarterly cash dividends in the amount of $0.17 per share to be paid to stockholders of record at the end of each quarter in 2019. In October 2019, the Company’s board of directors raised the cash dividends per share with the declaration of five cash dividends, consisting of (a) a dividend in the amount of $0.02 per share to be paid to stockholders of record at the end of the fourth quarter in 2019, which is in addition to the dividend in the amount of $0.17 per share to be paid to stockholders of record at the end of the fourth quarter in 2019 previously declared by the board in January 2019, and (b) a dividend in the amount of $0.19 per share to be paid to stockholders of record at the end of each quarter in 2020. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, and 2018, cash dividends declared and paid were as follows:

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
(In thousands, except per share amounts) | September 30, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018 |  | September 30, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018
Dividends declared and paid | $ | 4,999 |  |  | $ | 4,692 |  |  | $ | 14,916 |  |  | $ | 14,172 |
Dividends declared per common share | $ | 0.17 |  |  | $ | 0.16 |  |  | $ | 0.51 |  |  | $ | 0.48 |

9. EARNINGS PER SHARE:
Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing net income by the weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share are calculated by dividing net income by the weighted-average shares of common stock and dilutive common equivalent shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive common equivalent shares included in this calculation consist of dilutive shares issuable upon the assumed exercise of outstanding common stock options, the assumed vesting of outstanding restricted stock units, the assumed issuance of awards under the stock purchase plan and contingently issuable performance-based awards, as computed using the treasury stock method.
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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
A summary of the earnings per share calculation is as follows:

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
(In thousands, except per share amounts) | September 30, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018 |  | September 30, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018
Basic earnings per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income | $ | 17,099 |  |  | $ | 17,667 |  |  | $ | 35,177 |  |  | $ | 47,248 |
Weighted-average common shares | 29,385 |  |  | 29,365 |  |  | 29,213 |  |  | 29,558 |
Basic earnings per share | $ | 0.58 |  |  | $ | 0.60 |  |  | $ | 1.20 |  |  | $ | 1.60 |
Diluted earnings per share: (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income | $ | 17,099 |  |  | $ | 17,667 |  |  | $ | 35,177 |  |  | $ | 47,248 |
Weighted-average common shares | 29,385 |  |  | 29,365 |  |  | 29,213 |  |  | 29,558 |
Effect of dilutive awards: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Employee stock plans | 481 |  |  | 633 |  |  | 496 |  |  | 723 |
Diluted weighted-average common shares | 29,866 |  |  | 29,998 |  |  | 29,709 |  |  | 30,281 |
Diluted earnings per share | $ | 0.57 |  |  | $ | 0.59 |  |  | $ | 1.18 |  |  | $ | 1.56 |

_______________

(1) | The Company includes the shares underlying performance-based awards in the calculation of diluted earnings per share if the performance conditions have been satisfied as of the end of the reporting period and excludes such shares when the necessary conditions have not been met. The Company has excluded the shares underlying the outstanding performance-based awards in the 2019 and 2018 calculations as the shares were not contingently issuable as of the end of the reporting periods.

In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, no outstanding stock awards were determined to be anti-dilutive and therefore excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share.
10. PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES:
Income-tax expense includes a provision for federal, state and foreign taxes based on the annual estimated effective tax rate applicable to the Company and its subsidiaries, adjusted for certain discrete items which are fully recognized in the period they occur. Accordingly, the interim effective tax rate may not be reflective of the annual estimated effective tax rate.
The Company's effective tax rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, were 8.0% and 4.7%, respectively, and 7.6% and 6.3%, respectively, for the corresponding periods of 2018. In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the effective tax rate was lower than the statutory federal income-tax rate of 21% due to the geographic distribution of the Company’s world-wide earnings in lower-tax jurisdictions, federal research tax credits and the recognition of excess tax benefits related to share-based payments. These benefits were partially offset by foreign income subject to U.S. tax, known as global intangible low-taxed income. The Company’s primary jurisdiction where foreign earnings are derived is the Cayman Islands, which is a non-taxing jurisdiction. Income earned in other foreign jurisdictions was not material. The Company has not been granted any incentivized tax rates and does not operate under any tax holidays in any jurisdiction.
As of September 30, 2019, the Company maintained a valuation allowance on its California deferred tax assets, New Jersey deferred tax assets, and capital losses for federal purposes, and a valuation allowance with respect to its deferred tax assets relating to tax credits in Canada.
Determining the consolidated provision for income-tax expense, income-tax liabilities and deferred tax assets and liabilities involves judgment. The Company calculates and provides for income taxes in each of the tax jurisdictions in which it operates, which involves estimating current tax exposures as well as making judgments regarding the recoverability of deferred tax assets in each jurisdiction. The estimates used could differ from actual results, which may have a significant impact on operating results in future periods.
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11. LEASES:
The Company’s leases consist of operating leases for administrative office spaces, research-and-development facilities, design centers and sales offices in various countries around the world. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Some lease agreements contain lease and non-lease components, which are accounted for as a single lease component. Total lease expense was $0.7 million and $1.8 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, while short-term and variable lease expenses were not material.
Balance sheet information related to leases was as follows:

(In thousands) | Balance Sheet Classification | September 30, 2019
Right-of-use assets |  |
Operating lease assets | Other assets | $ | 9,881 |
Lease liabilities |  |
Current operating lease liabilities | Other accrued liabilities | $ | 1,803 |
Non-current operating lease liabilities | Other liabilities | 7,409 |
Total |  | $ | 9,212 |

Initial lease terms are determined at commencement and may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain the Company will exercise the option. Remaining lease terms range from one to nine years, some of which include options to extend for up to six years, and some of which include options to terminate within one year. Leases with an initial term of twelve months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet. As the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the present value of future lease payments is determined using the Company’s incremental borrowing rate based on information available at commencement date.

Lease term and discount rate | September 30, 2019
Weighted average remaining lease term | 5.0 years |
Weighted average discount rate | 3.9 | %

Supplemental cash flows information related to leases was as follow:

| Nine Months Ended
(In thousands) | September 30, 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: |
Operating cash flows from operating leases | $ | 2,429 |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease obligations | $ | 4,501 |

Future minimum lease payments under all non-cancelable lease agreements as of September 30, 2019, are as follows:

(In thousands) | September 30, 2019
2019 (remaining three months) | $ | 311 |
2020 | 2,308 |
2021 | 2,261 |
2022 | 1,882 |
2023 | 1,655 |
Thereafter | 1,744 |
Total future minimum lease payments | 10,161 |
Less imputed interest | (949 | )
Total | $ | 9,212 |

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12. COMMITMENTS:
Supplier Agreements
Under the terms of the Company's wafer-supply agreements with Seiko Epson Corporation ("Epson"), and ROHM Lapis Semiconductor Co., Ltd. ("Lapis") the wafers purchased from these suppliers are priced in U.S. dollars, with mutual sharing of the impact of fluctuations in the exchange rate between the Japanese yen and the U.S. dollar on future purchases. Each year, the Company's management and these two suppliers review and negotiate future pricing; the negotiated pricing is denominated in U.S. dollars but is subject to contractual exchange rate provisions. The fluctuation in the exchange rate is shared equally between the Company and each of these suppliers on future purchases.
13. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS AND CONTINGENCIES:
From time to time in the ordinary course of business, the Company becomes involved in lawsuits, or customers and distributors may make claims against the Company. In accordance with ASC 450-10, Contingencies, the Company makes a provision for a liability when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated.
On October 4, 2019, the Company entered into a binding term sheet (the “Term Sheet”) with ON Semiconductor Corporation and its wholly owned subsidiaries Fairchild Semiconductor and Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (collectively, “ON”) pursuant to which the parties agreed to end all outstanding legal and administrative disputes. Pursuant to the Term Sheet, ON agreed to pay Power Integrations $175.0 million in cash. In addition, each party agreed to release the other party from any claims to damages or monetary relief for certain alleged acts of patent infringement across the various patent infringement litigations, occurring on or before June 30, 2020, and not to file any additional action for legal or equitable relief prior to June 30, 2023 (although following that date a party may file a legal action for alleged patent infringement occurring after June 30, 2020). Neither party granted any licenses to the other. On October 19, 2019, the parties memorialized the terms of the Term Sheet in a definitive agreement (the “Definitive Agreement”). On October 22, 2019, the Company received ON’s payment of $175.0 million. The Company and ON are in the process of filing papers to dismiss, withdraw, or terminate all of the pending legal proceedings between the parties, as detailed below.
On October 20, 2004, the Company filed a complaint against Fairchild Semiconductor International, Inc. and Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation (referred to collectively as “Fairchild”) in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware. In its complaint, the Company alleged that Fairchild has and is infringing four of Power Integrations’ patents pertaining to pulse width modulation (PWM) integrated circuit devices. Fairchild denied infringement and asked for a declaration from the court that it does not infringe any Power Integrations patent and that the patents are invalid. The Court issued a claim construction order on March 31, 2006, which was favorable to the Company. The Court set a first trial on the issues of infringement, willfulness and damages for October 2, 2006. At the close of the first trial, on October 10, 2006, the jury returned a verdict in favor of the Company finding all asserted claims of all four patents-in-suit to be willfully infringed by Fairchild and awarding $34.0 million in damages. Fairchild raised defenses contending that the asserted patents are invalid or unenforceable, and the Court held a second trial on these issues beginning on September 17, 2007. On September 21, 2007, the jury returned a verdict in the Company’s favor, affirming the validity of the asserted claims of all four patents-in-suit. Fairchild submitted further materials on the issue of enforceability along with various other post-trial motions, and the Company filed post-trial motions seeking a permanent injunction and increased damages and attorneys’ fees, among other things. On September 24, 2008, the Court denied Fairchild’s motion regarding enforceability and ruled that all four patents are enforceable. On December 12, 2008, the Court ruled on the remaining post-trial motions, including granting a permanent injunction, reducing the damages award to $6.1 million, granting Fairchild a new trial on the issue of willful infringement in view of an intervening change in the law, and denying the Company’s motion for increased damages and attorneys’ fees with leave to renew the motion after the resolution of the issue of willful infringement. On December 22, 2008, at Fairchild’s request, the Court temporarily stayed the permanent injunction for 90 days. On January 12, 2009, Fairchild filed a notice of appeal challenging the Court’s refusal to enter a more permanent stay of the injunction, and Fairchild filed additional motions requesting that both the Federal Circuit and the District Court extend the stay of injunction. The District Court temporarily extended the stay pending the Federal Circuit ruling on Fairchild’s pending motion, but the Federal Circuit dismissed Fairchild’s appeal and denied its motion on May 5, 2009, and the District Court issued an order on May 13, 2009 confirming the reinstatement of the permanent injunction as originally entered in December 2008. On June 22, 2009, the Court held a brief bench re-trial on the issue of willful infringement. On July 22, 2010, the Court found that Fairchild willfully infringed all four of the asserted patents, and the Court also invited briefing on enhanced damages and attorneys’ fees. Fairchild also filed a motion requesting that the Court amend its findings regarding willfulness. On January 18, 2011, the Court denied Fairchild’s request to amend the findings regarding Fairchild’s willful infringement and doubled the damages award against Fairchild but declined to award attorneys’ fees. On February 3, 2011, the Court entered final judgment in favor of the Company for a total damages award of $12.9 million. Fairchild filed a notice of appeal challenging the final judgment and a number of the underlying rulings, and the Company filed a cross-appeal seeking to increase the damages award. The appeal was argued on January 11, 2012, and the Federal Circuit issued a mixed ruling on March 26, 2013,
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affirming Fairchild’s infringement of certain claims that support the basis for the permanent injunction while reversing, vacating, and remanding the findings with respect to other claims, including the Company’s claim for damages. The Company filed a petition seeking Supreme Court review of the Federal Circuit’s ruling on damages issues, and the Supreme Court called for a response from Fairchild but ultimately declined to review the case. On remand, the District Court reinstated the prior findings that Fairchild willfully infringed three of the Company’s patents; the Company intends to pursue its claim for financial compensation based on Fairchild’s infringement. Moreover, following a new Supreme Court case on patent damages, the District Court on October 4, 2018 determined that the Federal Circuit’s ruling on damages in the earlier appeal had been overruled; that issue is now on appeal at the Federal Circuit, with briefing completed to determine the impact of the Supreme Court’s ruling and the scope of the proceedings on remand. Oral argument and rulings would have been expected in the coming months. However, this case is subject to the Definitive Agreement noted above, whereby the Company and ON are filing papers to dismiss, withdraw, or terminate all of the pending legal proceedings between the parties.
On May 23, 2008, the Company filed a complaint against Fairchild Semiconductor International, Inc., Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation, and Fairchild’s wholly owned subsidiary System General Corporation (referred to collectively as “Fairchild”), in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware. In its complaint, the Company alleged that Fairchild has infringed and is infringing three patents pertaining to power supply controller integrated circuit devices. Fairchild answered the Company’s complaint on November 7, 2008, denying infringement and asking for a declaration from the Court that it does not infringe any Power Integrations patent and that the patents are invalid and unenforceable. Fairchild’s answer also included counterclaims accusing the Company of infringing three patents pertaining to primary side power conversion integrated circuit devices. Fairchild had earlier brought these same claims in a separate suit against the Company, also in Delaware, which Fairchild dismissed in favor of adding its claims to the Company’s already pending suit against Fairchild. The Company has answered Fairchild’s counterclaims, denying infringement and asking for a declaration from the Court that it does not infringe any Fairchild patent and that the Fairchild patents are invalid. Fairchild also filed a motion to stay the case, but the Court denied that motion on December 19, 2008. On March 5, 2009, Fairchild filed a motion for summary judgment to preclude any recovery for post-verdict sales of parts found to infringe in the parties’ other ongoing litigation, described above, and the Company filed its opposition and a cross-motion to preclude Fairchild from re-litigating the issues of infringement and damages for those same products. On June 26, 2009, the Court held a hearing on the parties’ motions, and on July 9, 2009 the Court issued an order denying the parties’ motions but staying proceedings with respect to the products that were found to infringe and which are subject to the injunction in the other Delaware case between the parties pending the entry of final judgment in that case; those products are expected to be addressed in the context of the parties’ remand proceedings following the appeal in their earlier litigation in Delaware, and the remainder of the case is proceeding. On December 18, 2009, the Court issued an order construing certain terms in the asserted claims of the Company’s and Fairchild’s patents in suit. Following the Court’s ruling on claim construction, Fairchild withdrew its claim related to one of its patents and significantly reduced the number of claims asserted for the remaining two patents. The parties thereafter filed and argued a number of motions for summary judgment, and the Court denied the majority of the parties’ motions but granted the Company’s motion to preclude Fairchild from re-arguing validity positions that were rejected in the prior case between the parties. Because the assigned Judge retired at the end of July 2010, the case was re-assigned to a different Judge, and the Court vacated the trial schedule and had the parties provide their input on the appropriate course of action. The Court thereafter set a trial schedule with the jury trial on infringement and validity to begin in July 2011. On April 18, 2011, the Court rescheduled the trial to begin in January 2012, and on June 2, 2011, the Court moved the trial date to April 2012 to permit the parties to address another patent the Company accused Fairchild of infringing. Following a trial in April 2012, the jury returned a verdict finding that Fairchild infringes two of the Company’s patents, that Fairchild has induced others to infringe the Company’s patents, and also upheld the validity of the infringed patents. Of the two remaining counterclaim patents Fairchild asserted in the case, one was found not to be infringed, but the jury found the second patent to be infringed by a limited number of the Company’s products, although the jury further found the Company did not induce infringement by any customers, including customers outside the United States. On March 29, 2013, the District Court denied most of the parties’ post-trial motions on liability but granted the Company’s motion for judgment as a matter of law finding that Fairchild infringed another of the Company’s patents. On April 25, 2013, the Court denied both parties’ motions regarding the unenforceability of each other’s patents. The Company challenged adverse findings on appeal; nevertheless, the Company estimated that even if the verdict on Fairchild’s patent had ultimately been upheld, the sales potentially impacted would have amounted to less than 0.5% of the Company’s revenues. The Company requested an injunction preventing further infringement of its own patents by Fairchild, and Fairchild requested an injunction as well. Following a hearing on the issue in June 2014, the Court denied Fairchild’s request for an injunction against the Company and granted the Company’s request for an injunction against Fairchild. On January 13, 2015, the District Court entered final judgment on the liability and validity issues discussed above, and both parties filed appeals with the Federal Circuit. After briefing was completed, oral argument on the appeal took place in early July 2016, and on December 12, 2016, the Federal Circuit issued its opinion in the appeal, overturning the lone infringement verdict against the Company, finding one of the Company’s patents invalid, and overturning the District Court’s jury instruction on inducement. In view of the Federal Circuit’s rejection of the District Court’s jury instruction on inducement, the Court also vacated the inducement findings and associated injunction against Fairchild and remanded the case for a retrial on inducement, but the underlying validity and infringement findings against Fairchild on those two patents remain intact. At the conclusion of the retrial, the jury returned a verdict in favor of the
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Company, finding that Fairchild willfully infringed the Company’s patents and induced infringement of the patents, awarding $24.3 million in damages on November 9, 2018. Although the jury awarded damages, at this stage of the proceedings the Company cannot state the amount, if any, it might ultimately recover from Fairchild, and no benefits have been recorded in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements as a result of the damages verdict. Fairchild challenged the verdict, and the Company sought enhanced damages for Fairchild’s willful infringement in post-trial proceedings, but on July 2019, the Court denied both parties’ motions. The Court did, however, award $7.1 million in pre-judgement interest as a result of Fairchild’s infringement. The case is now on appeal, and briefing was expected to begin over the coming months, with oral arguments and rulings to follow. However, this case is subject to the Definitive Agreement noted above, whereby the Company and ON are filing papers to dismiss, withdraw, or terminate all of the pending legal proceedings between the parties.
On June 28, 2004, the Company filed a complaint for patent infringement in the U.S. District Court, Northern District of California, against System General Corporation (SG), a Taiwanese company, and its U.S. subsidiary. The Company’s complaint alleged that certain integrated circuits produced by SG infringed and continue to infringe certain of its patents. On June 10, 2005, in response to the initiation of an International Trade Commission (ITC) investigation on the patents asserted in the District Court lawsuit, the District Court stayed all proceedings. Subsequent to the completion of the ITC proceedings, the District Court temporarily lifted the stay and scheduled a case management conference. On December 6, 2006, SG filed a notice of appeal of the ITC decision. In response, and by agreement of the parties, the District Court vacated the scheduled case management conference and renewed the stay of proceedings pending the outcome of the Federal Circuit appeal of the ITC determination. On November 19, 2007, the Federal Circuit affirmed the ITC’s findings in all respects, and SG did not file a petition for review. The parties subsequently filed a motion to dismiss the District Court case without prejudice. On November 4, 2009, the Company re-filed its complaint for patent infringement against SG and its parent corporations, Fairchild Semiconductor International, Inc. and Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation, to address their continued infringement of patents at issue in the original suit that recently emerged from SG requested reexamination proceedings before the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). The Company seeks, among other things, an order enjoining SG and Fairchild from infringing the Company’s patents and an award of damages resulting from the alleged infringement. Fairchild has denied infringement and asked for a declaration from the Court that it does not infringe any Power Integrations patent, that the patents are invalid, and that one of the two of the Company’s patents now at issue in the case is unenforceable. On May 5, 2010, SG and Fairchild filed an amended answer including counterclaims accusing the Company of infringing two patents, and later Fairchild withdrew its claim for infringement of one of the patents it originally asserted against the Company but added another patent to the case over the Company’s objections. Both parties filed summary judgment motions and challenges to each other’s experts’ testimony, and the Court granted the Company’s motion for summary judgment of non-infringement with respect to one of Fairchild’s two patents. Following a trial on the remaining claims in February 2014, the jury returned a verdict in the Company’s favor, affirming the validity of the asserted claims of the Company’s patents-in-suit, finding that SG and Fairchild infringed the Company’s asserted patents and induced infringement by others, and awarding $105.0 million in damages. The Jury also rejected Fairchild’s remaining counterclaims for infringement against the Company. Fairchild challenged these rulings in post-trial motions, but the judge confirmed the jury’s determinations on infringement and damages, although the Court declined to find Fairchild’s infringement willful. Fairchild also pressed its unenforceability claim with respect to one of the two patents it was found to infringe in post-trial briefing, but the Court rejected Fairchild’s unenforceability claim. Fairchild also requested reconsideration of the damages determinations, and the Court granted a new trial with respect to damages but none of the other issues addressed in the previous trial, with the retrial scheduled for December 2015. Thereafter, the parties completed pretrial proceedings challenging each other’s experts, and the Court granted portions of each party’s motions limiting the scope of expert testimony for purposes of the damages retrial, but neither party was successful in their efforts to prevent the other side’s experts from testifying at trial. Following a retrial on the issue of damages in December 2015, the jury returned a verdict in the Company’s favor, finding that the Company’s patented technology created the basis for customer demand for the infringing Fairchild products and awarding $139.8 million in damages. Although the jury awarded damages, at this stage of the proceedings the Company cannot state the amount, if any, it might ultimately recover from Fairchild, and no benefits have been recorded in the Company’s consolidated financial statements as a result of the damages verdict. Fairchild filed post-trial motions challenging the verdict, but the Court rejected Fairchild’s motions challenging the damages verdict in August 2016. The Company also filed motions requesting enhanced damages and attorney fees and reinstatement of the willfulness finding against Fairchild in view of an intervening change of law; on January 13, 2017, the District Court reinstated the finding that Fairchild’s infringement was willful but declined to enhance damages or award fees. In January 2017, Fairchild filed a further challenge to the verdict, but the Court rejected Fairchild’s motion and entered a final judgment of $146.5 million after factoring in pre-judgment interest. Fairchild’s appeal on the merits challenged the infringement findings and damages award. In July 2018, on appeal, the Federal Circuit affirmed the findings that Fairchild infringed both of the Company’s asserted patents but vacated the damages award and remanded the case for further proceedings. The Company filed a petition for review by the Supreme Court seeking to overturn the Federal Circuit’s ruling, but the Supreme Court denied further reviews. On remand, the Company intends to pursue its claim for damages. Although the patent claims at issue in litigation were rejected by the Patent Office in IPR proceedings, the relevant Patent Office decision in IPR has been overturned on appeal, subject to further challenge by Fairchild/ON Semiconductor as discussed below. On remand from the court of appeals, the case was set for trial in March 2021, with interim deadlines for discovery and further
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submissions to the court. However, this case is subject to the Definitive Agreement noted above, whereby the Company and ON are filing papers to dismiss, withdraw, or terminate all of the pending legal proceedings between the parties.
On May 1, 2012, Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation and Fairchild’s wholly owned subsidiary, System General Corporation (referred to collectively as “Fairchild”), filed a complaint against the Company in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware. In its complaint, Fairchild alleged that the Company has infringed and is infringing four patents pertaining to power conversion integrated circuit devices. The Company answered Fairchild’s complaint, denying infringement and asking for a declaration from the Court that it does not infringe any Fairchild patent and that the Fairchild patents are invalid, and the Company also asserted counterclaims against Fairchild for infringement of five of the Company’s patents. Fairchild withdrew its claim for infringement of one of the patents it asserted against the Company after the Company’s preliminary challenge. The parties streamlined their contentions in view of the Court’s pretrial rulings, and following a trial in late May and early June 2015, a jury returned a verdict finding that Fairchild infringed one of the Company’s patents, that Fairchild has induced and contributed to others’ infringement of the Company’s patent, and that the Company induced infringement of a Fairchild patent that was previously found infringed in the 2012 trial described above, with a damages award of $2.4 million in favor of Fairchild. Both parties filed post-trial motions and challenges to various portions of the jury verdicts, and the Court addressed the first wave of post-trial motions, denying each side’s challenges to the verdict and denying Fairchild’s request for an injunction. In parallel proceedings, the Federal Circuit overturned the underlying finding of infringement against the Company on the Fairchild patent-in-suit, and the Company moved to vacate the inducement and damages judgment against the Company, a motion that Fairchild did not oppose. Following a retrial on indirect infringement and damages for Fairchild’s infringement of one of the Company’s asserted patents, a jury awarded the Company $0.7 million in damages on November 15, 2018. Fairchild challenged the verdict in post-trial proceedings, but the Court denied Fairchild’s challenges. The case is now on appeal, and briefing was expected to begin over the coming months, with oral argument and rulings to follow. However, this case is subject to the Definitive Agreement noted above, whereby the Company and ON are filing papers to dismiss, withdraw, or terminate all of the pending legal proceedings between the parties.
On October 21, 2015, the Company filed a complaint for patent infringement in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California against Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation, Fairchild Semiconductor International, Inc., and wholly-owned subsidiary Fairchild (Taiwan) Corporation (referred to collectively as “Fairchild”) to address Fairchild’s continued infringement of two patents Fairchild was previously found to infringe in the three District Court cases the Company brought against Fairchild discussed above. In each of the three prior cases, Fairchild was found to infringe one of the patents at issue in the latest complaint, and Fairchild’s challenges to the validity of the patents were rejected during the course of the prior lawsuits as well. Fairchild has answered the Company’s complaint, denying infringement and asking for a declaration from the Court that it does not infringe any Power Integrations patent and that the patents are invalid. Fairchild’s answer also included counterclaims accusing the Company of infringing four patents pertaining to power conversion integrated circuit devices, including one patent the Company was found not to infringe in prior litigation. The Company has answered Fairchild’s counterclaims, denying infringement and asking for a declaration from the Court that it does not infringe any Fairchild patent and that the Fairchild patents are invalid. On December 15, 2016, the Court stayed the case pending resolution of the parties’ inter partes review (IPR) and reexamination proceedings regarding the patents-in-suit. Following additional briefing regarding the Company’s proposal to move forward with some of the Company’s claims, the Court lifted the stay as to two of the Company’s patents and one of Fairchild’s patents and set a trial for November 2020, with fact and expert discovery taking place in the interim. However, this case is subject to the Definitive Agreement noted above, whereby the Company and ON are filing papers to dismiss, withdraw, or terminate all of the pending legal proceedings between the parties.
On March 10, 2016, Silver Star Capital, LLC filed a petition with the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office (PTO) requesting that the PTO conduct an IPR of the validity of the Company’s U.S. Patent No. 6,212,079 (the ‘079 patent), which the Company has asserted against Fairchild Semiconductor in the California litigation initiated in 2004, as discussed above. The Company’s ‘079 patent is also asserted in the Company’s most recent lawsuits against Fairchild filed in October 2015 and against ON Semiconductor filed in November 2016, also discussed herein. On March 29, 2016, ON Semiconductor filed another petition requesting an IPR of the Company’s ‘079 patent. Since that time, ON Semiconductor filed eleven more IPR petitions requesting review of various patents that the Company previously asserted against Fairchild as described above, and another eleven IPR petitions requesting review of various patents that the Company asserted against ON Semiconductor as described herein. The PTO denied Silver Star Capital’s IPR petition on the ‘079 patent but instituted IPR proceedings with respect to ON Semiconductor’s petitions directed to the ‘079 patent. The PTO also instituted IPR proceedings in response to eight of ON Semiconductor’s eleven other petitions challenging patents previously asserted against Fairchild, denying institution in three cases. On September 22, 2017, the PTO rejected as obvious the claims of the Company’s ‘079 patent that were asserted in litigation and which formed the basis for the $146.5 million judgment against Fairchild; an appeal was filed to reverse the PTO’s adverse findings, and on appeal the Federal Circuit sided with the Company and ruled that ON Semiconductor’s initial IPR against the asserted claims of the ‘079 patent was improper because of ON Semiconductor’s relationship with Fairchild. In four parallel appeals, the Federal Circuit similarly ruled that ON Semiconductor’s IPR petitions regarding other patents the Company had asserted against Fairchild were improper. ON Semiconductor has stated that
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it intends to seek further review of these decisions, with further proceedings expected in the coming months. The PTO also instituted proceedings in response to ON Semiconductor’s eleven petitions filed against patents the Company asserted against ON Semiconductor. The PTO has rejected a number of the Company’s patent claims in the context of all of these ongoing proceedings, and further proceedings and appeals regarding the various IPRs are expected in the coming months as well. Although the validity of many of the Company’s challenged patents has previously been confirmed in the Company’s District Court litigation with Fairchild and in many cases in prior PTO reexamination proceedings as well, and though the Company intends to vigorously defend the validity of its patents, the outcome of the IPR proceedings is uncertain. These PTO proceedings with ON Semiconductor are subject to the Definitive Agreement noted above, whereby the Company and ON are filing papers to dismiss, withdraw, or terminate all of the pending legal proceedings between the parties.
On April 1, 2016, Opticurrent, LLC filed a complaint against the Company in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. In its complaint, Opticurrent alleges that the Company has infringed and is infringing one patent pertaining to transistor switch devices. The Company filed a motion to transfer the case to California, which the Court granted, and the case was assigned to a new judge in San Francisco following the transfer. On December 21, 2018, the Court granted the Company’s challenge to Opticurrent’s damages expert but denied the Company’s motion for summary judgment. Following a trial in February 2019, a jury issued a finding of direct infringement by the Company but found that the Company did not induce infringement, and awarded Opticurrent damages of $6.7 million. The Company challenged those findings in post-trial proceedings, and the Court granted one of the Company’s post-trial motions, reducing the damages award to $1.2 million. The Company believes it has strong defenses, and intends to vigorously defend itself against Opticurrent’s claims through appeals, which are currently under way, with briefing to follow in the coming months and oral argument thereafter.
On June 19, 2019, Opticurrent, LLC filed a follow-on lawsuit accusing more of the Company’s products of infringing the same claim of the same patent asserted in the parties’ prior litigation, as described above. The Company believes it has strong defenses, and intends to vigorously defend itself against Opticurrent’s claims, with appeals to follow if necessary.
On August 11, 2016, ON Semiconductor filed a complaint against the Company in the United States District Court for the District of Arizona. In its complaint, ON Semiconductor alleged that the Company has infringed and is infringing six patents and requested injunctive relief. The Company filed a motion to transfer the case to the Northern District of California, which the Court granted, and the case has been consolidated with the Company’s affirmative case against ON Semiconductor in the Northern District of California, as discussed below. This case is subject to the Definitive Agreement noted above, whereby the Company and ON are filing papers to dismiss, withdraw, or terminate all of the pending legal proceedings between the parties.
On November 1, 2016, the Company filed a lawsuit against ON Semiconductor in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California to address ON Semiconductor’s infringement of six patents. The court denied ON Semiconductor’s motion requesting that the case be transferred to Arizona and scheduled trial for December of 2019, with interim deadlines for claim construction and dispositive motions. In consolidating the pleadings from the California and Arizona cases following the transfer of ON Semiconductor’s case from Arizona, ON Semiconductor asserted two additional patents, bringing the total number of patents asserted against the Company to eight in this case, and ON Semiconductor’s amended complaint also seeks a declaration of non-infringement with respect to another of the Company’s patents that was previously asserted against Fairchild Semiconductor. Further proceedings were scheduled to take place over the coming months, with a trial scheduled for December of 2019. However, this case is subject to the the Definitive Agreement noted above, whereby the Company and ON are filing papers to dismiss, withdraw, or terminate all of the pending legal proceedings between the parties.
On December 27, 2016, ON Semiconductor filed a complaint against the Company in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. In its complaint, ON Semiconductor alleged that the Company has infringed and is infringing six patents and requests injunctive relief. On March 9, 2017, ON Semiconductor dismissed its Texas complaint and re-filed a substantially similar complaint in the District of Delaware. After the Company filed a motion to dismiss, ON Semiconductor filed an amended complaint; the Company has answered ON Semiconductor’s complaint and asserted claims for infringement of several of the Company’s patents. Trial has been scheduled for February 2020. This case is subject to the Definitive Agreement noted above, whereby the Company and ON are filing papers to dismiss, withdraw, or terminate all of the pending legal proceedings between the parties.
In November 2017, ON Semiconductor filed suit against the Company in Taiwan charging the Company with infringing three Taiwanese patents and seeking an injunction and damages of approximately $1.0 million. After a number of hearings and briefings on various disputed issues, including issues of jurisdiction, claim construction, validity, and infringement, the court on April 8, 2019 denied ON Semiconductor’s claims and dismissed the case; ON Semiconductor has filed an appeal, and further proceedings were expected take place over the coming months. This case is subject to the Definitive Agreement noted above, whereby the Company and ON are filing papers to dismiss, withdraw, or terminate all of the pending legal proceedings between the parties.
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In August 2019, ON Semiconductor filed an infringement proceeding in Beijing against both a Chinese OEM and a retailer for allegedly infringing a Chinese patent by using one of the Company’s products. In August 2019, ON Semiconductor also filed two claims for patent infringement against Power Integrations Netherlands B.V. and others in the Shanghai IP court regarding the use of one of the Company’s products. Further proceedings were anticipated take place over the coming months, including the filing by the Company of a number of challenges to ON’s claims. However, this case is subject to the Definitive Agreement noted above, whereby the Company and ON are filing papers to dismiss, withdraw, or terminate all of the pending legal proceedings between the parties.
The Company is unable to predict the outcome of legal proceedings with certainty, and there can be no assurance that Power Integrations will prevail in the above-mentioned unsettled litigations. These litigations, whether or not determined in Power Integrations’ favor or settled, will be costly and will divert the efforts and attention of the Company’s management and technical personnel from normal business operations, potentially causing a material adverse effect on the business, financial condition and operating results. Currently, the Company is not able to estimate a loss or a range of loss for the ongoing litigation disclosed above, however adverse determinations in litigation could result in monetary losses, the loss of proprietary rights, subject the Company to significant liabilities, require Power Integrations to seek licenses from third parties or prevent the Company from licensing the technology, any of which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and operating results.
14. INDEMNIFICATIONS:
The Company sells products to its distributors under contracts, collectively referred to as Distributor Sales Agreements (“DSA”). Each DSA contains the relevant terms of the contractual arrangement with the distributor, and generally includes certain provisions for indemnifying the distributor against losses, expenses, and liabilities from damages that may be awarded against the distributor in the event the Company's products are found to infringe upon a patent, copyright, trademark, or other proprietary right of a third party (“Customer Indemnification”). The DSA generally limits the scope of and remedies for the Customer Indemnification obligations in a variety of industry-standard respects, including, but not limited to, limitations based on time and geography, and a right to replace an infringing product. The Company also, from time to time, has granted a specific indemnification right to individual customers.
The Company believes its internal development processes and other policies and practices limit its exposure related to such indemnifications. In addition, the Company requires its employees to sign a proprietary information and inventions agreement, which assigns the rights to its employees' development work to the Company. To date, the Company has not had to reimburse any of its distributors or customers for any losses related to these indemnifications and no material claims were outstanding as of September 30, 2019. For several reasons, including the lack of prior indemnification claims and the lack of a monetary liability limit for certain infringement cases, the Company cannot determine the maximum amount of potential future payments, if any, related to such indemnifications.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and our results of operations should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes to those statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and with the consolidated financial statements and management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the SEC on February 13, 2019. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those contained in these forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including those discussed under the caption “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, and in Part II, Item 1A -“Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this report. See also “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” at the beginning of this report.
Overview
We design, develop and market analog and mixed-signal integrated circuits (ICs) and other electronic components and circuitry used in high-voltage power conversion. Our products are used in power converters that convert electricity from a high-voltage source to the type of power required for a specified downstream use. In most cases, this conversion entails, among other functions, converting alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) or vice versa, reducing or increasing the voltage, and regulating the output voltage and/or current according to the customer’s specifications.
A large percentage of our products are ICs used in AC-DC power supplies, which convert the high-voltage AC from a wall outlet to the low-voltage DC required by most electronic devices. Power supplies incorporating our products are used with all manner of electronic products including mobile phones, computing and networking equipment, appliances, electronic utility meters, power tools, industrial controls, and “smart-home,” or “internet of things” applications such as networked thermostats, power strips and other building-automation and security devices. We also supply high-voltage LED drivers, which are AC-DC ICs specifically designed for lighting applications that utilize light-emitting diodes. In 2018, we introduced a new category of power-conversion ICs, a family of motor-driver ICs addressing brushless DC (BLDC) motors used in refrigerators, HVAC systems, ceiling fans and other consumer-appliance and light commercial applications.
We also offer high-voltage gate drivers — either standalone ICs or circuit boards containing ICs, electrical isolation components and other circuitry — used to operate high-voltage switches such as insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) and silicon-carbide (SiC) MOSFETs. These combinations of switches and drivers are used for power conversion in high-power applications (i.e., power levels ranging from a few kilowatts up to one gigawatt) such as industrial motors, solar- and wind-power systems, electric vehicles and high-voltage DC transmission systems.
Our products bring a number of important benefits to the power-conversion market compared with less advanced alternatives, including reduced component count and design complexity, smaller size, higher reliability and reduced time-to-market. Our products also improve the energy efficiency of power converters, helping our customers meet the increasingly stringent efficiency standards that have been adopted around the world for many electronic products, and improving the efficacy of renewable-energy systems, electric vehicles and other high-power applications.
While the size of our addressable market fluctuates with changes in macroeconomic and industry conditions, the market has generally exhibited a modest growth rate over time as growth in the unit volume of power converters has been offset to a large degree by reductions in the average selling price of components in this market. Therefore, the growth of our business depends largely on increasing our penetration of the markets that we serve and on further expanding our addressable market. Our growth strategy includes the following elements:

• | Increase our penetration of the markets we serve. We currently address AC-DC applications with power outputs up to approximately 500 watts, gate-driver applications of approximately ten kilowatts and higher, and motor-drive applications up to approximately 300 watts. Through our research and development efforts, we seek to introduce more advanced products for these markets offering higher levels of integration and performance compared to earlier products. We also continue to expand our sales and application-engineering staff and our network of distributors, as well as our offerings of technical documentation and design-support tools and services to help customers use our products. These tools and services include our PI Expert™ design software, which we offer free of charge, and our transformer-sample service.

Our market-penetration strategy also includes capitalizing on the importance of energy efficiency and renewable energy in the power conversion market. For example, our EcoSmart™ technology drastically reduces the amount of energy consumed by electronic products when they are not in use, helping our customers comply with regulations that seek to curb this so-called “standby” energy consumption. Also, our gate-driver products are critical components in energy-efficient DC motor drives, high-voltage DC transmission systems, solar and wind energy systems and electric transportation applications.
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• | Increase the size of our addressable market. Prior to 2010 our addressable market consisted of AC-DC applications with up to about 50 watts of output, a served available market (“SAM”) opportunity of approximately $1.5 billion. Since that time we have expanded our SAM to approximately $4 billion through a variety of means. These include the introduction of products that enable us to address higher-power AC-DC applications (such as our Hiper™ product families), the introduction of LED-driver products, and our entry into the gate-driver market through the acquisition of CT-Concept Technologie AG in 2012. In 2016 we introduced the SCALE-iDriver TM family of gate-driver ICs, broadening the range of gate-driver applications we can address. In 2018 we introduced our BridgeSwitch™ motor-driver ICs, as described above.

Also contributing to our SAM expansion has been the emergence of new applications within the power ranges that our products can address. For example, applications such as “smart” utility meters, battery-powered lawn equipment and bicycles, and USB power receptacles (installed alongside traditional AC wall outlets) can incorporate our products. The increased use of electronic intelligence and connectivity in consumer appliances has also enhanced our SAM. Finally, we have enhanced our SAM by increasing the level of integration of our products, which in turn increases their value. For example, our InnoSwitch™ ICs integrate circuitry from the secondary, or low-voltage, side of AC-DC power supplies, whereas earlier product families integrated circuitry only on the primary, or high-voltage side.
We intend to continue expanding our SAM in the years ahead through all of the means described above.
Our quarterly operating results are difficult to predict and subject to significant fluctuations. We plan our production and inventory levels based on internal forecasts of projected customer demand, which are highly unpredictable and can fluctuate substantially. Customers typically may cancel or reschedule orders on short notice without significant penalty and, conversely, often place orders with very short lead times to delivery. Also, external factors such as global economic conditions and supply-chain dynamics can cause our operating results to be volatile. Furthermore, because our industry is intensely price-sensitive, our gross margin (gross profit divided by net revenues) is subject to change based on the relative pricing of solutions that compete with ours. Variations in product mix, end-market mix and customer mix can also cause our gross margin to fluctuate. Because we purchase a large percentage of our silicon wafers from foundries located in Japan, our gross margin is influenced by fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the Japanese yen. Changes in the prices of raw materials used in our products, such as copper and gold, can also affect our gross margin. Although our wafer-fabrication and assembly operations are outsourced, as are most of our test operations, a portion of our production costs are fixed in nature. As a result, our unit costs and gross margin are impacted by the volume of units we produce.
Recent Results
Our net revenues were $114.2 million and $110.1 million in the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $306.2 million and $322.6 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The increase in the three month period was due primarily to growth in the communications end market, driven by increased demand for our products in cellphone chargers. This growth was partially offset by a broad-based decline in demand across the consumer and industrial end markets resulting from global trade disputes. Net revenues decreased in the nine-month period as the broad-based decline in demand across the consumer and industrial end markets outweighed growth in the communications end market.
Our top ten customers, including distributors that resell to original equipment manufacturers, or OEMs, and merchant power supply manufacturers, accounted for 55% and 54% of our net revenues in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, and 56% and 57% of net revenues in each of the respective corresponding periods of 2018. Our top customer, a distributor of our products, accounted for approximately 11% of our net revenues in each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, and 14% in each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. International sales accounted for 97% of our net revenues in each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 96% of net revenues in each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.
Our gross margin for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 was 51%, and was 52% in each of the corresponding periods of 2018. The decrease in gross margin was due primarily to increased wafer substrate costs along with an unfavorable change in end-market mix, with a greater percentage of revenues coming from lower-margin end-markets.
Total operating expenses were $40.6 million and $39.0 million in the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $121.8 million and $119.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The increases were due primarily to higher salary and related expenses driven by the expansion of our workforce and by annual merit increases; also contributing to the increases were higher expenses related to patent litigation as well as equipment related expenses in support of our product-development efforts. These increases were partially offset by lower stock-based compensation expense related to performance-based awards.
In October, 2019, we entered into a settlement agreement with ON Semiconductor to end all outstanding legal and administrative disputes. Pursuant to the settlement ON Semiconductor agreed to pay us $175.0 million, which is expected to favorably impact our financial results in the fourth quarter ending December 31, 2019. We expect that the settlement will result in a reduction
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of litigation expenses beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2020. Refer to Note 13, Legal Proceedings and Contingencies, in our Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, for information regarding the settlement.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those listed below. We base our estimates on historical facts and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable at the time the estimates are made. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Our critical accounting policies are as follows:
•revenue recognition;
•stock-based compensation;
•estimating write-downs for excess and obsolete inventory;
•income taxes;
•business combinations; and
•goodwill and intangible assets.
Our critical accounting policies are important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations, and require us to make judgments and estimates about matters that are inherently uncertain. There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates disclosed in “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” and Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies and Recent Accounting Pronouncements, in each case in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the SEC on February 13, 2019.
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth certain operating data as a percentage of net revenues for the periods indicated.

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Net revenues | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | %
Cost of revenues | 49.1 |  |  | 48.2 |  |  | 49.3 |  |  | 48.3 |
Gross profit | 50.9 |  |  | 51.8 |  |  | 50.7 |  |  | 51.7 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development | 15.7 |  |  | 15.6 |  |  | 18.0 |  |  | 16.3 |
Sales and marketing | 11.8 |  |  | 12.1 |  |  | 13.0 |  |  | 12.3 |
General and administrative | 8.1 |  |  | 7.7 |  |  | 8.8 |  |  | 8.3 |
Total operating expenses | 35.6 |  |  | 35.4 |  |  | 39.8 |  |  | 36.9 |
Income from operations | 15.3 |  |  | 16.4 |  |  | 10.9 |  |  | 14.8 |
Other income | 0.9 |  |  | 1.0 |  |  | 1.2 |  |  | 0.8 |
Income before income taxes | 16.2 |  |  | 17.4 |  |  | 12.1 |  |  | 15.6 |
Provision for income taxes | 1.2 |  |  | 1.4 |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | 1.0 |
Net income | 15.0 | % |  | 16.0 | % |  | 11.5 | % |  | 14.6 | %

Comparison of the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018
Net revenues. Net revenues consist of revenues from product sales, which are calculated net of returns and allowances. Net revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 were $114.2 million and $306.2 million, respectively, and $110.1 million and $322.6 million, respectively, for the corresponding periods of 2018. The increase in the three month period was due primarily to growth in the communications end market, driven by increased demand for our products in cellphone chargers. This growth was partially offset by a broad-based decline in demand across the consumer and industrial end markets resulting from global trade disputes. Net revenues decreased in the nine-month period as the broad-based decline in demand across the consumer and industrial end markets outweighed the growth in the communications end market.
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Our revenue mix by end market for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was as follows:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
End Market | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Communications | 29 | % |  | 22 | % |  | 24 | % |  | 21 | %
Computer | 5 | % |  | 6 | % |  | 5 | % |  | 5 | %
Consumer | 32 | % |  | 35 | % |  | 36 | % |  | 38 | %
Industrial | 34 | % |  | 37 | % |  | 35 | % |  | 36 | %

International sales, consisting of sales outside of the United States of America based on “bill to” customer locations, were $111.3 million and $298.1 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, and $105.6 million and $310.6 million, respectively, in the corresponding periods of 2018. Although power converters using our products are distributed to end markets worldwide, most are manufactured in Asia. As a result, sales to this region represented 77% of our net revenues in each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, and 77% in each of the corresponding periods of 2018. We expect international sales, and sales to the Asia region in particular, to continue to account for a large portion of our net revenues in the future.
Sales to distributors accounted for 68% and 73% of net revenues in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, and 76% in each of the corresponding periods of 2018. Direct sales to OEMs and power-supply manufacturers accounted for the remainder.
In each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, one customer, a distributor of our products, accounted for more than 10% of our net revenues.
The following table discloses this customer’s percentage of revenues for the respective periods:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
Customer | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Avnet | 11 | % |  | 14 | % |  | 11 | % |  | 14 | %

No other customers accounted for 10% or more of our net revenues in these periods.
Gross profit. Gross profit is net revenues less cost of revenues. Our cost of revenues consists primarily of costs associated with the purchase of wafers from our contracted foundries, the assembly, packaging and testing of our products by sub-contractors, product testing performed in our own facilities, amortization of acquired intangible assets, and overhead associated with the management of our supply chain. Gross margin is gross profit divided by net revenues. The table below compares gross profit and gross margin for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in millions) | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Net revenues | $ | 114.2 |  |  | $ | 110.1 |  |  | $ | 306.2 |  |  | $ | 322.6 |
Gross profit | $ | 58.1 |  |  | $ | 57.0 |  |  | $ | 155.2 |  |  | $ | 166.8 |
Gross margin | 50.9 | % |  | 51.8 | % |  | 50.7 | % |  | 51.7 | %

Gross margin decreased in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared with the same period in the prior year, due primarily to increased wafer substrate costs along with an unfavorable change in end-market mix with a greater percentage of revenues coming from lower-margin end-markets.
Research and development expenses. Research and development (“R&D”) expenses consist primarily of employee-related expenses, including stock-based compensation, and expensed material and facility costs associated with the development of new technologies and new products. We also record R&D expenses for prototype wafers related to new products until such products are released to production. The table below compares R&D expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in millions) | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Net revenues | $ | 114.2 |  |  | $ | 110.1 |  |  | $ | 306.2 |  |  | $ | 322.6 |
R&D expenses | $ | 18.0 |  |  | $ | 17.2 |  |  | $ | 55.2 |  |  | $ | 52.6 |
R&D expenses as a % of net revenue | 15.7 | % |  | 15.6 | % |  | 18.0 | % |  | 16.3 | %

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R&D expenses increased in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the same periods in 2018, due primarily to higher salary and related expenses driven by increased headcount and annual merit increases as well as increased equipment related expenses.
Sales and marketing expenses. Sales and marketing (“S&M”) expenses consist primarily of employee-related expenses, including stock-based compensation, commissions to sales representatives, amortization of intangible assets and facilities expenses, including expenses associated with our regional sales and support offices. The table below compares S&M expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in millions) | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Net revenues | $ | 114.2 |  |  | $ | 110.1 |  |  | $ | 306.2 |  |  | $ | 322.6 |
S&M expenses | $ | 13.5 |  |  | $ | 13.3 |  |  | $ | 39.7 |  |  | $ | 39.9 |
S&M expenses as a % of net revenue | 11.8 | % |  | 12.1 | % |  | 13.0 | % |  | 12.3 | %

S&M expenses increased slightly in the three months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018, due primarily to increased sales commissions. S&M expenses decreased slightly in the nine-month period due primarily to lower amortization of intangible assets.
General and administrative expenses. General and administrative (“G&A”) expenses consist primarily of employee-related expenses, including stock-based compensation expenses, for administration, finance, human resources and general management, as well as consulting, professional services, legal and audit expenses. The table below compares G&A expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in millions) | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Net revenues | $ | 114.2 |  |  | $ | 110.1 |  |  | $ | 306.2 |  |  | $ | 322.6 |
G&A expenses | $ | 9.2 |  |  | $ | 8.5 |  |  | $ | 26.9 |  |  | $ | 26.7 |
G&A expenses as a % of net revenue | 8.1 | % |  | 7.7 | % |  | 8.8 | % |  | 8.3 | %

G&A expenses increased in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the same periods in 2018 as a result of increased expenses related to patent litigation and higher salary and related expenses due to annual merit increases, offset in part by lower stock-based compensation expense related to performance-based awards.
Other income. Other income consists primarily of interest income earned on cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities and other investments, and the impact of foreign exchange gains or losses. The table below compares other income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in millions) | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Net revenues | $ | 114.2 |  |  | $ | 110.1 |  |  | $ | 306.2 |  |  | $ | 322.6 |
Other income | $ | 1.1 |  |  | $ | 1.1 |  |  | $ | 3.5 |  |  | $ | 2.8 |
Other income as a % of net revenue | 0.9 | % |  | 1.0 | % |  | 1.2 | % |  | 0.8 | %

Other income remained relatively constant for the three month periods. Other income increased in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018 primarily due to an increase in interest income reflecting higher yields earned on our cash and investments.
Provision for income taxes. Provision for income taxes represents federal, state and foreign taxes. The table below compares income-tax expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollars in millions) | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Income before income taxes | $ | 18.6 |  |  | $ | 19.1 |  |  | $ | 36.9 |  |  | $ | 50.4 |
Provision for income taxes | $ | 1.5 |  |  | $ | 1.5 |  |  | $ | 1.7 |  |  | $ | 3.2 |
Effective tax rate | 8.0 | % |  | 7.6 | % |  | 4.7 | % |  | 6.3 | %

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Income-tax expense includes a provision for federal, state and foreign taxes based on the annual estimated effective tax rate applicable to us and our subsidiaries, adjusted for certain discrete items which are fully recognized in the period they occur. Accordingly, the interim effective tax rate may not be reflective of the annual estimated effective tax rate.
Our effective tax rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 were 8.0% and 4.7%, respectively, and 7.6% and 6.3%, respectively, for the corresponding periods of 2018. The effective tax rate in these periods was lower than the statutory federal income-tax rate of 21% due to the geographic distribution of our world-wide earnings in lower-tax jurisdictions, the impact of federal research tax credits and the recognition of excess tax benefits related to share-based payments. These benefits were partially offset by U.S. tax on foreign income, known as global intangible low-taxed income. The primary jurisdiction from which our foreign earnings are derived is the Cayman Islands, which is a non-taxing jurisdiction. Income earned in other foreign jurisdictions was not material. We have not been granted any incentivized tax rates and do not operate under any tax holidays in any jurisdiction.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of September 30, 2019, we had $244.8 million in cash, cash equivalents and short-term marketable securities, an increase of approximately $16.2 million from $228.6 million as of December 31, 2018. As of September 30, 2019, we had working capital, defined as current assets less current liabilities, of $325.0 million, an increase of approximately $40.9 million from $284.1 million as of December 31, 2018.
Operating activities generated cash of $42.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Net income for this period was $35.2 million; we also incurred non-cash stock-based compensation expense, depreciation, amortization and deferred income taxes of $15.0 million, $14.3 million, $3.8 million and $1.3 million, respectively. Sources of cash also included a $1.1 million increase in taxes payable and accrued liabilities. These sources of cash were partially offset by a $14.8 million increase in accounts receivable due to increased customer shipments, a $7.9 million increase in inventories reflecting impact of a market slowdown during the first half of the year and anticipation of future demand, a $2.6 million decrease in accounts payable, excluding payables related to property and equipment, due primarily to the timing of payments, and a $3.0 million increase in prepaid expenses and other assets, primarily driven by prepaid legal fees, prepaid taxes and advances to suppliers.
Operating activities generated cash of $65.6 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Net income for this period was $47.2 million; we also incurred non-cash stock-based compensation expense, depreciation and amortization of $16.1 million, $14.4 million and $4.0 million, respectively. Sources of cash also included a $2.9 million decrease in accounts receivable due to the timing of cash receipts and a $2.6 million increase in accounts payable, excluding payables related to property and equipment, due primarily to the timing of payments. These sources of cash were partially offset by a $17.1 million increase in inventories, partially reflecting lower-than-normal inventory levels at the beginning of the year, but also driven by our decision to build inventory in order to capitalize on extended lead times and limited availability for certain competing products. Also offsetting the sources of cash was a $2.7 million increase in prepaid expenses and other assets, primarily driven by prepaid legal expenses and advances to suppliers.
Our investing activities in the nine months ended September 30, 2019, resulted in an $83.8 million net use of cash, primarily consisting of $69.1 million for purchases of marketable securities, net of sales and maturities, and $14.3 million for purchases of property and equipment, primarily production-related machinery and equipment. Our investing activities provided $69.3 million of cash in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, consisting of $89.3 million from sales and maturities of marketable securities, partially offset by $19.1 million for purchases of property and equipment, primarily production-related machinery and equipment.
Our financing activities in the nine months ended September 30, 2019, resulted in a $12.5 million net use of cash, consisting of $14.9 million for the payment of dividends to stockholders and $7.3 million for the repurchase of our common stock. These uses of cash were offset in part by $9.7 million from the issuance of common stock, including the exercise of employee stock options and the issuance of shares through our employee stock purchase plan. Our financing activities in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, resulted in an $80.0 million net use of cash, consisting of $74.4 million for the repurchase of our common stock and $14.2 million for the payment of dividends to stockholders. These uses of cash were offset in part by $8.6 million from the issuance of common stock, including the exercise of employee stock options and the issuance of shares through our employee stock purchase plan.
On July 27, 2016, we entered into a Credit Agreement with a bank (the "Credit Agreement") that provides us with a $75.0 million revolving line of credit to use for general corporate purposes with a $20.0 million sub-limit for the issuance of standby and trade letters of credit. We amended the Credit Agreement on April 30, 2018, to extend the termination date from July 26, 2019, to April 30, 2022, with all other terms remaining the same. Our ability to borrow under the revolving line of credit is conditioned upon our compliance with specified covenants, including reporting and financial covenants, primarily a minimum liquidity measure and a debt to earnings ratio, with which we are currently in compliance. The Credit Agreement terminates on April 30, 2022; all advances under the revolving line of credit will become due on such date, or earlier in the event of a default. As of September 30, 2019, $6.2 million was reserved against the available credit in the form a standby letter of credit. No advances were outstanding under the agreement as of September 30, 2019.
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In January 2018, our board of directors declared four cash dividends in the amount of $0.16 per share to be paid to stockholders of record at the end of each quarter in 2018. We paid a total of $18.8 million in cash dividends in 2018. In January 2019, our board of directors declared four quarterly cash dividends in the amount of $0.17 per share to be paid to stockholders of record at the end of each quarter in 2019. Dividend payouts of $4.9 million, $5.0 million and $5.0 million occurred on March 29, 2019, June 28, 2019, and September 30, 2019, respectively. In October 2019, our board of directors raised the cash dividend per share with the declaration five cash dividends, consisting of (a) a dividend in the amount of $0.02 per share to be paid to stockholders of record at the end of the fourth quarter in 2019, which is in addition to the dividend in the amount of $0.17 per share to be paid to stockholders of record at the end of the fourth quarter in 2019 previously declared by the board in January 2019, and (b) a dividend in the amount of $0.19 per share to be paid to stockholders of record at the end of each quarter in 2020. The declaration of any future cash dividend is at the discretion of the board of directors and will depend on our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, business conditions and other factors, as well as a determination that cash dividends are in the best interests of our stockholders.
As of December 31, 2018, we had approximately $51.2 million remaining under our stock-repurchase program. In the nine months ended September 30, 2019 we repurchased approximately 121,000 shares of our common stock for approximately $7.3 million. As of September 30, 2019, we had approximately $43.9 million remaining in our repurchase program, which has no expiration date. Authorization of future repurchase programs is at the discretion of the board of directors and will depend on our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, business conditions and other factors.
As of September 30, 2019, we had a contractual obligation related to income tax, which consisted primarily of unrecognized tax benefits of approximately $20.2 million. A portion of the tax obligation is classified as long-term income taxes payable and a portion is recorded in deferred tax assets in our condensed consolidated balance sheet.
As of September 30, 2019, there were no material changes in our contractual commitments from those reported in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.
Our cash, cash equivalents and investment balances may change in future periods due to changes in our planned cash outlays, including changes in incremental costs such as direct and integration costs related to future acquisitions. The Tax Act signed into law on December 22, 2017, subjects U.S. companies to a one-time transition tax on total post-1986 earnings and profits of their foreign subsidiaries and generally allows companies to repatriate accumulated foreign earnings without incurring additional U.S. federal taxes beginning after December 31, 2017. Accordingly, as of September 30, 2019, our worldwide cash and marketable securities are available to fund capital allocation needs, including capital and internal investments, acquisitions, stock repurchases and/or dividends without incurring additional U.S. federal income taxes.
If our operating results deteriorate during the remainder of 2019 as a result of a decrease in customer demand, pricing pressure, or other factors, our ability to generate positive cash flow from operations may be jeopardized. In that case, we may be forced to use our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, use our credit agreement or seek additional financing from third parties to fund our operations. We believe that cash generated from operations, together with existing sources of liquidity, will satisfy our projected working capital and other cash requirements for at least the next 12 months.
Off-Balance-Sheet Arrangements
As of September 30, 2019, we did not have any off-balance-sheet arrangements or relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, which are typically established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Information with respect to this item may be found in Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies and Recent Accounting Pronouncements, in our Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1, of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which information is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
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There has not been a material change in our exposure to foreign currency exchange and interest rate risks from that described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.
Interest Rate Risk. Our exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to our investment portfolio. We consider cash invested in highly liquid financial instruments with a remaining maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Investments in highly liquid financial instruments with maturities greater than three months at the date of purchase are classified as short-term investments. We generally hold securities until maturity; however, they may be sold under certain circumstances, including, but not limited to, when necessary for the funding of acquisitions and other strategic investments, and therefore we classify our investment portfolio as available-for-sale. We invest in high-credit quality issuers and, by policy, limit the amount of credit exposure to any one issuer. As stated in our policy, we seek to ensure the safety and preservation of our invested principal funds by limiting default risk, market risk and reinvestment risk. We mitigate default risk by investing in safe and high-credit quality securities and by constantly positioning our portfolio to respond appropriately to a significant reduction in a credit rating of any investment issuer, guarantor or depository. Our portfolio includes only marketable securities with active secondary or resale markets to facilitate portfolio liquidity. At September 30, 2019, and December 31, 2018, we held primarily cash equivalents and short-term investments with fixed interest rates.
Our investment securities are subject to market interest rate risk and will vary in value as market interest rates fluctuate. We monitor our investments per our above-mentioned investment policy; therefore, if market interest rates were to increase or decrease by 10% from interest rates as of September 30, 2019, or December 31, 2018, the increase or decrease in the fair market value of our portfolio on these dates would not have been material. We monitor our investments for impairment on a periodic basis. Refer to Note 5, Marketable Securities, in our Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, for a tabular presentation of our available-for-sale investments and the expected maturity dates.
Foreign Currency Exchange Risk. As of September 30, 2019, our primary transactional currency was U.S. dollars; in addition, we hold cash in Swiss francs and euro. We maintain cash denominated in Swiss francs and euro to fund the operations of our Swiss subsidiary. The foreign exchange rate fluctuation between the U.S. dollar versus the Swiss franc and euro is recorded in other income in our condensed consolidated statements of income.
We have sales offices in various other foreign countries in which our expenses are denominated in the local currency, primary Asia and Western Europe. Cash balances held in foreign countries are subject to local banking laws and may bear higher or lower risk than cash deposited in the United States. From time to time we may enter into foreign currency hedging contracts to hedge certain foreign currency transactions. As of September 30, 2019, and December 31, 2018, we did not have an open foreign currency hedge program utilizing foreign currency forward exchange contracts.
Two of our major suppliers, Epson and Lapis, have wafer supply agreements based in U.S. dollars; however, our agreements with Epson and Lapis also allow for mutual sharing of the impact of the exchange rate fluctuation between Japanese yen and the U.S. dollar on future purchases. Each year, our management and these two suppliers review and negotiate future pricing; the negotiated pricing is denominated in U.S. dollars but is subject to contractual exchange rate provisions. The fluctuation in the exchange rate is shared equally between us and each of these suppliers on future purchases. Nevertheless, as a result of these supplier agreements, our gross margin is influenced by fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the Japanese yen. All else being equal, a 10% change in the value of the U.S. dollar compared to the Japanese yen would result in a corresponding change in our gross margin of approximately 1.0%; this sensitivity may increase or decrease depending on the percentage of our wafer supply that we purchase from some of our Japanese suppliers and could subject our gross profit and operating results to the potential for material fluctuations.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Limitation on Effectiveness of Controls
Any control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance as to the tested objectives. The design of any control system is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions, regardless of how remote. The inherent limitations in any control system include the realities that judgments related to decision-making can be faulty, and that reduced effectiveness in controls can occur because of simple errors or mistakes. Due to the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error may occur and may not be detected.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Management is required to evaluate our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”). Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Exchange Act, such as this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include controls and procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive
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Officer and Chief Financial Officer as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on our management’s evaluation (with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer), our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 2019, that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Information with respect to this item may be found in Note 13, Legal Proceedings and Contingencies, in our Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1, of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which information is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
As of the date of this filing, the risk factors have not changed substantively from those disclosed in Part 1 Item 1A in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, which risk factors are incorporated by reference in this report.
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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

|  |  |  | Incorporation by Reference
EXHIBIT NUMBER |  | Exhibit Description |  | Form |  | File Number |  | Exhibit/Appendix Reference |  | Filing Date |  | Filed Herewith
3.1 |  |  | Restated Certificate of Incorporation |  | 10-K |  | 000-23441 |  | 3.1 |  | 2/29/2012 |  |
3.2 |  |  | Amended and Restated Bylaws |  | 8-K |  | 000-23441 |  | 3.1 |  | 4/26/2013 |  |
4.1 |  |  | Reference is made to Exhibits 3.1 to 3.2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
31.1 |  |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
31.2 |  |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
32.1** |  |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
32.2** |  |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
101.INS |  |  | XBRL Instance Document - The instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
101.SCH |  |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
101.CAL |  |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
101.DEF |  |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
101.LAB |  |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
101.PRE |  |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
104 |  |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

All references in the table above to previously filed documents or descriptions are incorporating those documents and descriptions by reference thereto.
_____________

** | The certifications attached as Exhibits 32.1 and 32.2 accompanying this Form 10-Q, are not deemed filed with the SEC, and are not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Power Integrations, Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, whether made before or after the date of this Form 10-Q, irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  | POWER INTEGRATIONS, INC.
Dated: | October 24, 2019 | By: | /s/ S ANDEEP N AYYAR
|  |  | Sandeep Nayyar Chief Financial Officer (Duly Authorized Officer, Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

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