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Fair Value of Financial Instruments
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Fair Value of Financial Instruments [Abstract]  
Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Note 14. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

 

Relevant accounting guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The guidance describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

 

Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) of identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

 

Level 2: Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

 

Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a reporting entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

 

The following table summarizes the Company’s financial instruments that were measured at fair value on a recurring and nonrecurring basis at December 31, 2017.

 

($ in thousands)        
Description of Financial Instruments  Fair Value at
December 31,
2017		   Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets (Level 1)		   Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs (Level
2)		   Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)		 
Recurring                
Securities available for sale:                    
Government-sponsored enterprise securities  $13,867    —    13,867    — 
Mortgage-backed securities   295,213    —    295,213    — 
Corporate bonds    34,190    —    34,190    — 
Total available for sale securities  $343,270    —    343,270    — 
                     
Nonrecurring                    
     Impaired loans  $14,086    —    —    14,086 
     Foreclosed real estate   12,571    —    —    12,571 

 

 

The following table summarizes the Company’s financial instruments that were measured at fair value on a recurring and nonrecurring basis at December 31, 2016.

 

($ in thousands)        
Description of Financial Instruments  Fair Value at
December 31,
2016		   Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets (Level 1)		   Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs (Level
2)		   Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)		 
Recurring                
Securities available for sale:                    
Government-sponsored enterprise securities  $17,490    —    17,490    — 
Mortgage-backed securities   148,065    —    148,065    — 
Corporate bonds   33,600    —    33,600    — 
Equity securities   174    —    174    — 
Total available for sale securities  $199,329    —    199,329    — 
                     
Nonrecurring                    
     Impaired loans  $12,284    —    —    12,284 
     Foreclosed real estate   9,532    —    —    9,532 

 

 

The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for instruments measured at fair value.

 

Securities Available for Sale — When quoted market prices are available in an active market, the securities are classified as Level 1 in the valuation hierarchy. If quoted market prices are not available, but fair values can be estimated by observing quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics, the securities are classified as Level 2 on the valuation hierarchy. Most of the fair values for the Company’s Level 2 securities are determined by our third-party bond accounting provider using matrix pricing. Matrix pricing is a mathematical technique widely used in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for the specific securities but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted securities. For the Company, Level 2 securities include mortgage-backed securities, commercial mortgage-backed obligations, government-sponsored enterprise securities, and corporate bonds. In cases where Level 1 or Level 2 inputs are not available, securities are classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy.

 

The Company reviews the pricing methodologies utilized by the bond accounting provider to ensure the fair value determination is consistent with the applicable accounting guidance and that the investments are properly classified in the fair value hierarchy. Further, the Company validates the fair values for a sample of securities in the portfolio by comparing the fair values provided by the bond accounting provider to prices from other independent sources for the same or similar securities. The Company analyzes unusual or significant variances and conducts additional research with the portfolio manager, if necessary, and takes appropriate action based on its findings.

 

Impaired loans — Fair values for impaired loans in the above table are measured on a non-recurring basis and are based on the underlying collateral values securing the loans, adjusted for estimated selling costs, or the net present value of the cash flows expected to be received for such loans. Collateral may be in the form of real estate or business assets including equipment, inventory and accounts receivable. The vast majority of the collateral is real estate. The value of real estate collateral is determined using an income or market valuation approach based on an appraisal conducted by an independent, licensed third party appraiser (Level 3). The value of business equipment is based upon an outside appraisal if deemed significant, or the net book value on the applicable borrower’s financial statements if not considered significant. Likewise, values for inventory and accounts receivable collateral are based on borrower financial statement balances or aging reports on a discounted basis as appropriate (Level 3). Any fair value adjustments are recorded in the period incurred as provision for loan losses on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

 

Foreclosed real estate – Foreclosed real estate, consisting of properties obtained through foreclosure or in satisfaction of loans, is reported at the lower of cost or fair value. Fair value is measured on a non-recurring basis and is based upon independent market prices or current appraisals that are generally prepared using an income or market valuation approach and conducted by an independent, licensed third party appraiser, adjusted for estimated selling costs (Level 3). At the time of foreclosure, any excess of the loan balance over the fair value of the real estate held as collateral is treated as a charge against the allowance for loan losses. For any real estate valuations subsequent to foreclosure, any excess of the real estate recorded value over the fair value of the real estate is treated as a foreclosed real estate write-down on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

 

For Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring or non-recurring basis as of December 31, 2017, the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurements were as follows:

 

($ in thousands)       
Description  Fair Value at
December 31,
2017		   Valuation
Technique		  Significant Unobservable
Inputs		  General Range
of Significant
Unobservable
Input Values
Impaired loans  $14,086   Appraised value; PV of expected cash flows  Discounts to reflect current market conditions, ultimate collectability, and estimated costs to sell  0-10%
Foreclosed real estate   12,571   Appraised value; List or contract price  Discounts to reflect current market conditions and estimated costs to sell  0-10%
               

 

 

For Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring or non-recurring basis as of December 31, 2016, the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurements were as follows:

 

($ in thousands)       
Description  Fair Value at
December 31,
2016		   Valuation
Technique		  Significant Unobservable
Inputs		  General Range
of Significant
Unobservable
Input Values
Impaired loans  $12,284   Appraised value; PV of expected cash flows  Discounts to reflect current market conditions, ultimate collectability, and estimated costs to sell  0-10%
Foreclosed real estate   9,532   Appraised value; List or contract price  Discounts to reflect current market conditions and estimated costs to sell  0-10%
               

 

Transfers of assets or liabilities between levels within the fair value hierarchy are recognized when an event or change in circumstances occurs. There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 for assets or liabilities measured on a recurring basis during the years ended December 31, 2017 or 2016.

 

For the year ended December 31, 2017, the increase in the fair value of securities available for sale was $639,000, and for the year ended December 31, 2016, the decrease in the fair value of securities available for sale was $1,919,000, which is included in other comprehensive income (net of tax expense of $234,000 and tax benefit of $683,000, for 2017 and 2016, respectively). Fair value measurement methods at December 31, 2017 and 2016 are consistent with those used in prior reporting periods.

 

As discussed in Note 1(p), the Company is required to disclose estimated fair values for its financial instruments. Fair value estimates as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 and limitations thereon are set forth below for the Company’s financial instruments. See Note 1(p) for a discussion of fair value methods and assumptions, as well as fair value information for off-balance sheet financial instruments.

 

      December 31, 2017   December 31, 2016 

 

($ in thousands)

  Level in
Fair Value
Hierarchy		  Carrying
Amount		   Estimated
Fair Value		   Carrying
Amount		   Estimated
Fair Value		 
                    
Cash and due from banks, noninterest-bearing  Level 1  $114,301    114,301    71,645    71,645 
Due from banks, interest-bearing  Level 1   375,189    375,189    234,348    234,348 
Securities available for sale  Level 2   343,270    343,270    199,329    199,329 
Securities held to maturity  Level 2   118,503    118,998    129,713    130,195 
Presold mortgages in process of settlement  Level 1   12,459    12,459    2,116    2,116 
Total loans, net of allowance  Level 3   4,019,071    4,010,551    2,686,931    2,650,820 
Accrued interest receivable  Level 1   14,094    14,094    9,286    9,286 
Bank-owned life insurance  Level 1   99,162    99,162    74,138    74,138 
                        
Deposits  Level 2   4,406,955    4,401,757    2,947,353    2,944,968 
Borrowings  Level 2   407,543    397,903    271,394    263,255 
Accrued interest payable  Level 2   1,235    1,235    539    539 

 

Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the Company’s entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. Because no highly liquid market exists for a significant portion of the Company’s financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments, and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.

 

Fair value estimates are based on existing on- and off-balance sheet financial instruments without attempting to estimate the value of anticipated future business and the value of assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments. Significant assets and liabilities that are not considered financial assets or liabilities include net premises and equipment, intangible and other assets such as deferred income taxes, prepaid expense accounts, income taxes currently payable and other various accrued expenses. In addition, the income tax ramifications related to the realization of the unrealized gains and losses can have a significant effect on fair value estimates and have not been considered in any of the estimates.