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Regulatory Restrictions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Banking and Thrift [Abstract]  
Regulatory Restrictions Regulatory Restrictions
The Company is regulated by the Board of Governors of the FRB and is subject to securities registration and public reporting regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. The Bank is regulated by the FRB and the North Carolina Commissioner of Banks.
The primary source of funds for the payment of dividends by the Company is dividends received from its subsidiary, the Bank. The Bank, as a North Carolina banking corporation, may declare dividends so long as such dividends do not reduce its capital below its applicable required capital (typically, the level of capital required to be deemed “adequately capitalized.”) As of December 31, 2019, approximately $587,400,000 of the Company’s investment in the Bank is restricted as to transfer to the Company without obtaining prior regulatory approval.
The average reserve balance maintained by the Bank under the requirements of the FRB was approximately $3,802,000 for the year ended December 31, 2019.
The Company and the Bank must comply with regulatory capital requirements established by the FRB. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory, and possibly additional discretionary, actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company and the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Company’s assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Company’s and Bank’s capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors.
In 2013, the FRB approved final rules implementing the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision capital guidelines, referred to a “Basel III.” The final rules established a new “Common Equity Tier I” ratio; new higher
capital ratio requirements, including a capital conservation buffer; narrowed the definitions of capital; imposed new operating restrictions on banking organizations with insufficient capital buffers; and increased the risk weighting of certain assets. The final rules became effective January 1, 2015 for the Company. The capital conservation buffer requirement was phased in beginning January 1, 2016, at 0.625% of risk weighted assets, and increased each year until fully implemented at 2.5% in January 1, 2019. The capital conservation buffer requirement at December 31, 2019 was 2.5%.
As of December 31, 2019, the capital standards require the Company to maintain minimum ratios of “Common Equity Tier I” capital to total risk-weighted assets, “Tier I” capital to total risk-weighted assets, and total capital to risk-weighted assets of 4.50%, 6.00% and 8.00%, respectively. Common Equity Tier I capital is comprised of common stock and related surplus, plus retained earnings, and is reduced by goodwill and other intangible assets, net of associated deferred tax liabilities. Tier I capital is comprised of Common Equity Tier I capital plus Additional Tier I Capital, which for the Company includes non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock and trust preferred securities. Total capital is comprised of Tier I capital plus certain adjustments, the largest of which is our allowance for loan losses. Risk-weighted assets refer to our on- and off-balance sheet exposures, adjusted for their related risk levels using formulas set forth in FRB and FDIC regulations.
In addition to the risk-based capital requirements described above, the Company and the Bank are subject to a leverage capital requirement, which calls for a minimum ratio of Tier I capital (as defined above) to quarterly average total assets of 3.00% to 5.00%, depending upon the institution’s composite ratings as determined by its regulators. The FRB has not advised the Company of any requirement specifically applicable to it.
In addition to the minimum capital requirements described above, the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action also contains specific capital guidelines applicable to banks for classification as “well capitalized,” which are presented with the minimum ratios, the Company’s ratios and the Bank’s ratios as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 in the following table. Based on the most recent notification from its regulators, the Bank is well capitalized under the framework. There are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed the Company’s classification.
 
Actual
 
Fully Phased-In Regulatory
Guidelines Minimum
 
To Be Well Capitalized
Under Current Prompt
Corrective Action Provisions
($ in thousands)
Amount
 
Ratio
 
Amount
 
Ratio
 
Amount
 
Ratio
 
 
 
 
 
(must equal or exceed)
 
(must equal or exceed)
As of December 31, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common Equity Tier I Capital Ratio
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Company
$
610,642

 
13.28
%
 
$
321,994

 
7.00
%
 
$ N/A

 
N/A

Bank
661,234

 
14.38
%
 
321,866

 
7.00
%
 
298,875

 
6.50
%
Total Capital Ratio
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Company
684,931

 
14.89
%
 
482,991

 
10.50
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

Bank
683,178

 
14.86
%
 
482,799

 
10.50
%
 
459,808

 
10.00
%
Tier I Capital Ratio
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Company
662,987

 
14.41
%
 
390,993

 
8.50
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

Bank
661,234

 
14.38
%
 
390,837

 
8.50
%
 
367,846

 
8.00
%
Leverage Ratio
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Company
662,987

 
11.19
%
 
236,904

 
4.00
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

Bank
661,234

 
11.17
%
 
236,700

 
4.00
%
 
295,875

 
5.00
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common Equity Tier I Capital Ratio
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Company
$
535,566

 
12.28
%
 
$
305,287

 
7.00
%
 
$ N/A

 
N/A

Bank
586,053

 
13.44
%
 
305,163

 
7.00
%
 
283,366

 
6.50
%
Total Capital Ratio
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Company
609,428

 
13.97
%
 
457,930

 
10.50
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

Bank
607,717

 
13.94
%
 
457,745

 
10.50
%
 
435,948

 
10.00
%
Tier I Capital Ratio
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Company
587,764

 
13.48
%
 
370,705

 
8.50
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

Bank
586,053

 
13.44
%
 
370,555

 
8.50
%
 
348,758

 
8.00
%
Leverage Ratio
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Company
587,764

 
10.47
%
 
224,014

 
4.00
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

Bank
586,053

 
10.45
%
 
224,406

 
4.00
%
 
280,508

 
5.00
%