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Allowance for Loan Losses and Credit Quality of Loans
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2015
Allowance for Loan Losses and Credit Quality of Loans [Abstract]  
Allowance for Loan Losses and Credit Quality of Loans
Note  4.Allowance for Loan Losses and Credit Quality of Loans

Allowance for Loan Losses

The allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level estimated by management to provide adequately for risk of probable losses inherent in the current loan portfolio. The adequacy of the allowance for loan losses is continuously monitored.  It is assessed for adequacy using a methodology designed to ensure the level of the allowance reasonably reflects the loan portfolio's risk profile. It is evaluated to ensure that it is sufficient to absorb all reasonably estimable credit losses inherent in the current loan portfolio.
 
To develop and document a systematic methodology for determining the allowance for loan losses, the Company has divided the loan portfolio into three segments, each with different risk characteristics and methodologies for assessing risk.  Those segments are further segregated between our loans accounted for under the amortized cost method (referred to as "originated" loans) and loans acquired in a business combination (referred to as "acquired" loans).  Each portfolio segment is broken down into class segments where appropriate.  Class segments contain unique measurement attributes, risk characteristics and methods for monitoring and assessing risk that are necessary to develop the allowance for loan losses.  Unique characteristics such as borrower type, loan type, collateral type, and risk characteristics define each class segment.  The following table illustrates the portfolio and class segments for the Company's loan portfolio:
  
Portfolio
Class
Commercial Loans
Commercial
 
Commercial Real Estate
 
Agricultural
 
Agricultural Real Estate
 
Business Banking
 
 
Consumer Loans
Indirect
 
Home Equity
 
Direct
 
 
Residential Real Estate Mortgages
 
 
Commercial Loans
 
The Company offers a variety of commercial loan products including commercial (non-real estate), commercial real estate, agricultural, agricultural real estate, and business banking loans.  The Company's underwriting analysis for commercial loans typically includes credit verification, independent appraisals, a review of the borrower's financial condition, and a detailed analysis of the borrower's underlying cash flows.
 
CommercialThe Company offers a variety of loan options to meet the specific needs of our commercial customers including term loans, time notes and lines of credit.  Such loans are made available to businesses for working capital needs such as inventory and receivables, business expansion and equipment purchases. Generally, a collateral lien is placed on equipment or other assets owned by the borrower.  These loans carry a higher risk than commercial real estate loans due to the nature of the underlying collateral, which can be business assets such as equipment and accounts receivable. To reduce the risk, management also attempts to secure real estate as collateral and obtain personal guarantees of the borrowers.
 
Commercial Real Estate – The Company offers commercial real estate loans to finance real estate purchases, refinancings, expansions and improvements to commercial properties.  Commercial real estate loans are made to finance the purchases of real estate, generally with completed structures. These commercial real estate loans are secured by first liens on the real estate, which may include apartments, commercial structures, housing businesses, healthcare facilities, and other non owner-occupied facilities.  These loans are typically less risky than commercial loans, since they are secured by real estate and buildings, and are generally originated in amounts of no more than 80% of the appraised value of the property.

Agricultural – The Company offers a variety of agricultural loans to meet the needs of our agricultural customers including term loans, time notes, and lines of credit.  These loans are made to purchase livestock, purchase and modernize equipment, and finance seasonal crop expenses.  Generally, a collateral lien is placed on the livestock, equipment, produce inventories, and/or receivables owned by the borrower.  These loans may carry a higher risk than commercial and agricultural real estate loans due to the industry price volatility, and in some cases, the perishable nature of the underlying collateral.  To reduce these risks, management may attempt to secure these loans with additional real estate collateral, obtain personal guarantees of the borrowers, or obtain government loan guarantees to provide further support.
 
Agricultural Real Estate – The Company offers real estate loans to our agricultural customers to finance farm related real estate purchases, refinancings, expansions, and improvements to agricultural properties such as barns, production facilities, and land.  The agricultural real estate loans are secured by first liens on the farm real estate.  Because they are secured by land and buildings, these loans may be less risky than agricultural loans.  These loans are typically originated in amounts of no more than 75% of the appraised value of the property.  Government loan guarantees may be obtained to provide further support.
 
Business Banking - The Company offers a variety of loan options to meet the specific needs of our business banking customers including term loans, business banking mortgages and lines of credit.  Such loans are generally less than $0.5 million and are made available to businesses for working capital such as inventory and receivables, business expansion, equipment purchases, and agricultural needs.  Generally, a collateral lien is placed on equipment or other assets owned by the borrower such as inventory and/or receivables.  These loans carry a higher risk than commercial loans due to the smaller size of the borrower and lower levels of capital.  To reduce the risk, the Company obtains personal guarantees of the owners for a majority of the loans.
 
Consumer Loans
 
The Company offers a variety of consumer loan products including indirect, home equity, and direct loans.
 
Indirect – The Company maintains relationships with many dealers primarily in the communities that we serve.  Through these relationships, the company primarily finances the purchases of automobiles and recreational vehicles (such as campers, boats, etc.) indirectly through dealer relationships.  Approximately 75% of the indirect relationships represent automobile financing.  Most of these loans carry a fixed rate of interest with principal repayment terms typically ranging from three to six years, based upon the nature of the collateral and the size of the loan. The majority of indirect consumer loans are underwritten on a secured basis using the underlying collateral being financed.
 
Home Equity The Company offers fixed home equity loans as well as home equity lines of credit to consumers to finance home improvements, debt consolidation, education and other uses.  Consumers are able to borrow up to 85% of the equity in their homes.  The Company originates home equity lines of credit and second mortgage loans (loans secured by a second junior lien position on one-to-four-family residential real estate).  These loans carry a higher risk than first mortgage residential loans as they are in a second position with respect to collateral.  Risk is reduced through underwriting criteria, which include credit verification, appraisals, a review of the borrower's financial condition, and personal cash flows.  A security interest, with title insurance when necessary, is taken in the underlying real estate.
 
Direct – The Company offers a variety of consumer installment loans to finance vehicle purchases, mobile home purchases and personal expenditures.  Most of these loans carry a fixed rate of interest with principal repayment terms typically ranging from one to ten years, based upon the nature of the collateral and the size of the loan. The majority of consumer loans are underwritten on a secured basis using the underlying collateral being financed or a customer's deposit account. In addition to installment loans, the Company also offers personal lines of credit and overdraft protection.  A minimal amount of loans are unsecured, which carry a higher risk of loss.

Residential Real Estate Mortgages
Residential real estate loans consist primarily of loans secured by first or second deeds of trust on primary residences.  We originate adjustable-rate and fixed-rate, one-to-four-family residential real estate loans for the construction, purchase or refinancing of a mortgage.  These loans are collateralized by owner-occupied properties located in the Company's market area.  Loans on one-to-four-family residential real estate are generally originated in amounts of no more than 85% of the purchase price or appraised value (whichever is lower), or have private mortgage insurance.  The Company's underwriting analysis for residential mortgage loans typically includes credit verification, independent appraisals, and a review of the borrower's financial condition.  Mortgage title insurance and hazard insurance are normally required. Construction loans have a unique risk, because they are secured by an incomplete dwelling. This risk is reduced through periodic site inspections, including one at each loan draw period.
 
For purposes of evaluating the adequacy of the allowance, the Company considers a number of significant factors that affect the collectability of the portfolio.  For individually analyzed loans, these include estimates of loss exposure, which reflect the facts and circumstances that affect the likelihood of repayment of such loans as of the evaluation date. For homogeneous pools of loans, estimates of the Company's exposure to credit loss reflect a current assessment of a number of factors, which could affect collectability.  These factors include:  past loss experience;  size, trend, composition, and nature of loans;  changes in lending policies and procedures, including underwriting standards and collection,  charge-offs  and  recoveries; trends experienced in nonperforming and delinquent loans; current economic conditions in the Company's market;  portfolio concentrations that may affect loss experienced across one or more components of the portfolio; the effect of external factors such as competition, legal and regulatory requirements; and the experience, ability, and depth of lending management and staff. In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an integral component of their examination process, periodically review the Company's allowance for loan losses.  Such agencies may require the Company to make loan grade changes as well as recognize additions to the allowance based on their examinations.
 
After a thorough consideration of the factors discussed above, any required additions or reductions to the allowance for loan losses are made periodically by charges or credits to the provision for loan losses. These charges or credits are necessary to maintain the allowance at a level which management believes is reasonably reflective of overall inherent risk of probable loss in the portfolio. While management uses available information to recognize losses on loans, additions and reductions of the allowance may fluctuate from one reporting period to another.  These fluctuations are reflective of changes in risk associated with portfolio content and/or changes in management's assessment of any or all of the determining factors discussed above.
 
The following tables illustrate the changes in the allowance for loan losses by our portfolio segments for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014:
 
Three months ended March 31,
 
Commercial Loans
  
Consumer Loans
  
Residential Real Estate Mortgages
  
Unallocated
  
Total
 
Balance as of December 31, 2014
 
$
32,433
  
$
26,720
  
$
7,130
  
$
76
  
$
66,359
 
Charge-offs
  
(798
)
  
(4,378
)
  
(504
)
  
-
   
(5,680
)
Recoveries
  
234
   
748
   
56
   
-
   
1,038
 
Provision
  
(591
)
  
3,066
   
1,016
   
151
   
3,642
 
Ending Balance as of March 31, 2015
 
$
31,278
  
$
26,156
  
$
7,698
  
$
227
  
$
65,359
 
 
                    
Balance as of December 31, 2013
 
$
35,090
  
$
27,694
  
$
6,520
  
$
130
  
$
69,434
 
Charge-offs
  
(479
)
  
(4,032
)
  
(319
)
  
-
   
(4,830
)
Recoveries
  
399
   
741
   
94
   
-
   
1,234
 
Provision
  
(573
)
  
4,033
   
(70
)
  
206
   
3,596
 
Ending Balance as of March 31, 2014
 
$
34,437
  
$
28,436
  
$
6,225
  
$
336
  
$
69,434
 


As of March 31, 2015, included in the above tables, there was $1.9 million in the allowance for loan losses related to acquired commercial loans.  There was no allowance as of March 31, 2014 related to acquired loans.  Net charge-offs related to acquired loans totaled approximately $0.6 million and $0.2 million during the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, and are included in the table above. 
 
The following tables illustrate the allowance for loan losses and the recorded investment by portfolio segments as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014:
 
Allowance for Loan Losses and Recorded Investment in Loans
(in thousands)
 
 
 
Commercial Loans
  
Consumer Loans
  
Residential Real Estate Mortgages
  
Unallocated
  
Total
 
As of March 31, 2015
 
  
  
  
  
 
Allowance for loan losses
 
$
31,278
  
$
26,156
  
$
7,698
  
$
227
  
$
65,359
 
 
                    
Allowance for loans individually evaluated for impairment
  
2,950
   
-
   
-
       
2,950
 
 
                    
Allowance for loans collectively evaluated for impairment
 
$
28,328
  
$
26,156
  
$
7,698
  
$
227
  
$
62,409
 
 
                    
Ending balance of loans
 
$
2,484,300
  
$
2,013,123
  
$
1,125,600
      
$
5,623,023
 
 
                    
Ending balance of originated loans individually evaluated for impairment
  
12,253
   
6,423
   
4,269
       
22,945
 
Ending balance of acquired loans individually evaluated for impairment
  
9,772
   
-
   
-
       
9,772
 
Ending balance of acquired loans collectively evaluated for impairment
  
315,466
   
132,675
   
260,857
       
708,998
 
Ending balance of originated loans collectively evaluated for impairment
 
$
2,146,809
  
$
1,874,025
  
$
860,474
      
$
4,881,308
 
 
                    
As of December 31, 2014
                    
Allowance for loan losses
 
$
32,433
  
$
26,720
  
$
7,130
  
$
76
  
$
66,359
 
 
                    
Allowance for loans individually evaluated for impairment
  
1,100
   
-
   
-
       
1,100
 
 
                    
Allowance for loans collectively evaluated for impairment
 
$
31,333
  
$
26,720
  
$
7,130
  
$
76
  
$
65,259
 
 
                    
Ending balance of loans
 
$
2,473,702
  
$
2,005,980
  
$
1,115,589
      
$
5,595,271
 
 
                    
Ending balance of originated loans individually evaluated for impairment
  
11,079
   
5,498
   
3,544
       
20,121
 
Ending balance of acquired loans individually evaluated for impairment
  
5,675
   
-
   
-
       
5,675
 
Ending balance of acquired loans collectively evaluated for impairment
  
327,656
   
147,256
   
266,747
       
741,659
 
Ending balance of originated loans collectively evaluated for impairment
 
$
2,129,292
  
$
1,853,226
  
$
845,298
      
$
4,827,816
 
 
Credit Quality of Loans
Loans are placed on nonaccrual status when timely collection of principal and interest in accordance with contractual terms is doubtful. Loans are transferred to nonaccrual status generally when principal or interest payments become ninety days delinquent, unless the loan is well secured and in the process of collection, or sooner when management concludes or circumstances indicate that borrowers may be unable to meet contractual principal or interest payments.  When a loan is transferred to a nonaccrual status, all interest previously accrued in the current period but not collected is reversed against interest income in that period. Interest accrued in a prior period and not collected is charged-off against the allowance for loan losses.  The Company's nonaccrual policies are the same for all classes of financing receivable.
 
If ultimate repayment of a nonaccrual loan is expected, any payments received are applied in accordance with contractual terms. If ultimate repayment of principal is not expected, any payment received on a nonaccrual loan is applied to principal until ultimate repayment becomes expected.  Nonaccrual loans are returned to accrual status when they become current as to principal and interest and demonstrate a period of performance under the contractual terms and, in the opinion of management, are fully collectible as to principal and interest.  When in the opinion of management the collection of principal appears unlikely, the loan balance is charged-off in total or in part.  For loans in all portfolios, the principal amount is charged off in full or in part as soon as management determines, based on available facts, that the collection of principal in full is improbable.  For commercial loans, management considers specific facts and circumstances relative to individual credits in making such a determination.  For consumer and residential loan classes, management uses specific guidance and thresholds from the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council's Uniform Retail Credit Classification and Account Management Policy.
 
The following tables set forth information with regard to past due and nonperforming loans by loan class as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014:
 
Age Analysis of Past Due Financing Receivables
As of March 31, 2015
(in thousands)
 
  
31-60 DaysPast DueAccruing
  
61-90 DaysPast DueAccruing
  
Greater Than90 DaysPast DueAccruing
  
TotalPast DueAccruing
  
Non-Accrual
  
Current
  
RecordedTotalLoans
 
ORIGINATED
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
Commercial Loans
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
Commercial
 
$
348
  
$
-
  
$
35
  
$
383
  
$
1,019
  
$
620,111
  
$
621,513
 
Commercial Real Estate
  
133
   
37
   
-
   
170
   
6,231
   
1,076,218
   
1,082,619
 
Agricultural
  
129
   
-
   
-
   
129
   
800
   
31,080
   
32,009
 
Agricultural Real Estate
  
7
   
-
   
-
   
7
   
561
   
23,963
   
24,531
 
Business Banking
  
602
   
192
   
42
   
836
   
6,624
   
390,930
   
398,390
 
 
  
1,219
   
229
   
77
   
1,525
   
15,235
   
2,142,302
   
2,159,062
 
 
                            
Consumer Loans
                            
Indirect
  
11,794
   
2,348
   
1,722
   
15,864
   
2,056
   
1,327,653
   
1,345,573
 
Home Equity
  
3,507
   
804
   
484
   
4,795
   
6,160
   
470,340
   
481,295
 
Direct
  
375
   
80
   
22
   
477
   
130
   
52,973
   
53,580
 
 
  
15,676
   
3,232
   
2,228
   
21,136
   
8,346
   
1,850,966
   
1,880,448
 
Residential Real Estate Mortgages
  
3,194
   
1,264
   
255
   
4,713
   
7,518
   
852,512
   
864,743
 
 
 
$
20,089
  
$
4,725
  
$
2,560
  
$
27,374
  
$
31,099
  
$
4,845,780
  
$
4,904,253
 
 
                            
ACQUIRED
                            
Commercial Loans
                            
Commercial
 
$
42
  
$
-
  
$
-
  
$
42
  
$
2,517
  
$
70,010
  
$
72,569
 
Commercial Real Estate
  
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
7,247
   
190,518
   
197,765
 
Business Banking
  
-
   
2
   
-
   
2
   
488
   
54,414
   
54,904
 
 
  
42
   
2
   
-
   
44
   
10,252
   
314,942
   
325,238
 
 
                            
Consumer Loans
                            
Indirect
  
343
   
44
   
37
   
424
   
146
   
53,577
   
54,147
 
Home Equity
  
212
   
50
   
-
   
262
   
427
   
73,029
   
73,718
 
Direct
  
76
   
4
   
4
   
84
   
28
   
4,698
   
4,810
 
 
  
631
   
98
   
41
   
770
   
601
   
131,304
   
132,675
 
Residential Real Estate Mortgages
  
1,472
   
650
   
-
   
2,122
   
3,101
   
255,634
   
260,857
 
  
$
2,145
  
$
750
  
$
41
  
$
2,936
  
$
13,954
  
$
701,880
  
$
718,770
 
  Total Loans
 
$
22,234
  
$
5,475
  
$
2,601
  
$
30,310
  
$
45,053
  
$
5,547,660
  
$
5,623,023
 
 
 
Age Analysis of Past Due Financing Receivables
As of December 31, 2014
(in thousands)
 
  
31-60 DaysPast DueAccruing
  
61-90 DaysPast DueAccruing
  
Greater Than90 DaysPast DueAccruing
  
TotalPast DueAccruing
  
Non-Accrual
  
Current
  
RecordedTotalLoans
 
ORIGINATED
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
Commercial Loans
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
Commercial
 
$
-
  
$
735
  
$
-
  
$
735
  
$
1,012
  
$
613,400
  
$
615,147
 
Commercial Real Estate
  
192
   
-
   
-
   
192
   
4,127
   
1,064,549
   
1,068,868
 
Agricultural
  
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
817
   
32,130
   
32,947
 
Agricultural Real Estate
  
19
   
-
   
-
   
19
   
565
   
24,390
   
24,974
 
Business Banking
  
799
   
235
   
84
   
1,118
   
6,910
   
390,407
   
398,435
 
 
  
1,010
   
970
   
84
   
2,064
   
13,431
   
2,124,876
   
2,140,371
 
 
                            
Consumer Loans
                            
Indirect
  
16,434
   
3,154
   
1,991
   
21,579
   
1,964
   
1,286,507
   
1,310,050
 
Home Equity
  
4,591
   
1,428
   
821
   
6,840
   
6,596
   
479,444
   
492,880
 
Direct
  
560
   
157
   
52
   
769
   
84
   
54,941
   
55,794
 
 
  
21,585
   
4,739
   
2,864
   
29,188
   
8,644
   
1,820,892
   
1,858,724
 
Residential Real Estate Mortgages
  
2,901
   
96
   
1,256
   
4,253
   
8,770
   
835,819
   
848,842
 
 
 
$
25,496
  
$
5,805
  
$
4,204
  
$
35,505
  
$
30,845
  
$
4,781,587
  
$
4,847,937
 
                             
 
                            
ACQUIRED
                            
Commercial Loans
                            
Commercial
 
$
-
  
$
-
  
$
-
  
$
-
  
$
3,009
  
$
72,255
  
$
75,264
 
Commercial Real Estate
  
-
   
-
   
-
   
-
   
2,666
   
197,222
   
199,888
 
Business Banking
  
5
   
15
   
-
   
20
   
665
   
57,494
   
58,179
 
 
  
5
   
15
   
-
   
20
   
6,340
   
326,971
   
333,331
 
 
                            
Consumer Loans
                            
Indirect
  
518
   
5
   
54
   
577
   
106
   
64,540
   
65,223
 
Home Equity
  
190
   
60
   
5
   
255
   
557
   
75,904
   
76,716
 
Direct
  
31
   
-
   
7
   
38
   
33
   
5,246
   
5,317
 
   
739
   
65
   
66
   
870
   
696
   
145,690
   
147,256
 
Residential Real Estate Mortgages
  
1,162
   
265
   
671
   
2,098
   
3,193
   
261,456
   
266,747
 
 
 
$
1,906
  
$
345
  
$
737
  
$
2,988
  
$
10,229
  
$
734,117
  
$
747,334
 
Total Loans
 
$
27,402
  
$
6,150
  
$
4,941
  
$
38,493
  
$
41,074
  
$
5,515,704
  
$
5,595,271
 


There were no material commitments to extend further credit to borrowers with nonperforming loans.
 
Impaired Loans
The methodology used to establish the allowance for loan losses on impaired loans incorporates specific allocations on loans analyzed individually.  Classified and nonperforming loans with outstanding balances of $0.5 million or more and all troubled debt restructured loans ("TDRs")  are evaluated for impairment through the Company's quarterly status review process.  In determining that we will be unable to collect all principal and interest payments due in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreements, we consider factors such as payment history and changes in the financial condition of individual borrowers, local economic conditions, historical loss experience and the conditions of the various markets in which the collateral may be liquidated.  For loans that are impaired as defined by accounting standards, impairment is measured by one of three methods: 1) the fair value of collateral less cost to sell, 2) present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's original effective interest rate or 3) the loan's observable market price.  All impaired loans are reviewed on a quarterly basis for changes in the measurement of impairment.  Any change to the previously recognized impairment loss is recognized as a change to the allowance account and recorded in the consolidated statement of income as a component of the provision for loan losses.

The following table provides information on loans specifically evaluated for impairment as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014:
 
 
 
March 31, 2015
  
December 31, 2014
 
(in thousands)
 
Recorded
Investment
Balance(Book)
  
Unpaid
Principal
Balance(Legal)
 
Related
Allowance
  
Recorded
Investment
Balance(Book)
  
Unpaid
Principal
Balance(Legal)
 
Related
Allowance
 
ORIGINATED
 
  
 
  
  
 
 
With no related allowance recorded:
 
  
 
  
  
 
 
Commercial Loans
 
  
 
  
  
 
 
Commercial
 
$
1,628
  
$
1,781
   
$
1,748
  
$
1,901
  
Commercial Real Estate
  
4,227
   
4,238
 
   
4,505
   
4,520
 
 
Agricultural
  
19
   
25
 
   
20
   
26
 
 
Agricultural Real Estate
  
633
   
759
 
   
1,147
   
1,441
 
 
Business Banking
  
869
   
910
 
   
896
   
1,301
 
 
Total Commercial Loans
  
7,376
   
7,713
 
   
8,316
   
9,189
 
 
 
        
         
 
Consumer Loans
        
         
 
Indirect
  
17
   
26
    
-
   
-
  
Home Equity
  
6,403
   
7,056
 
   
5,498
   
6,033
 
 
       Direct
  
3
   
3
    
-
   
-
  
    Total Consumer Loans
  
6,423
   
7,085
    
5,498
   
6,033
  
 
        
         
 
Residential Real Estate Mortgages
  
4,269
   
4,742
    
3,544
   
3,959
  
Total
  
18,068
   
19,540
 
   
17,358
   
19,181
 
 
 
                  
With an allowance recorded:
        
         
 
Commercial Loans
        
         
 
Commercial Real Estate
  
4,877
   
6,725
  
$
1,100
   
2,763
   
4,611
  $
600
 
                         
ACQUIRED
                        
With no related allowance recorded:
                        
Commercial Loans
                        
Commercial Real Estate
  
5,935
   
7,109
       
2,666
   
3,830
     
                         
With an allowance recorded:
                        
Commercial Loans
                        
Commercial
  
2,508
   
4,668
   
1,000
   
3,009
   
4,668
   
500
 
          Commercial Real Estate
  
1,329
   
1,329
   
850
   
-
   
-
   
-
 
    Total Commercial Loans
  
3,837
   
5,997
   
1,850
   
3,009
   
4,668
   
500
 
                         
Total:
 
$
32,717
  
$
39,371
  
$
2,950
  
$
25,796
  
$
32,290
  
$
1,100
 
 
The following tables summarize the average recorded investments on impaired loans specifically evaluated for impairment and the interest income recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014:
 
 
 
For the three months ended
 
 
 
March 31, 2015
  
March 31, 2014
 
(in thousands)
 
Average Recorded Investment
  
Interest Income Recognized
  
Average Recorded Investment
  
Interest Income Recognized
 
ORIGINATED
 
  
  
  
 
Commercial Loans
 
  
  
  
 
Commercial
 
$
1,689
  
$
25
  
$
2,038
  
$
-
 
Commercial Real Estate
  
9,125
   
41
   
11,553
   
42
 
Agricultural
  
20
   
-
   
125
   
-
 
Agricultural Real Estate
  
636
   
11
   
1,424
   
12
 
Business Banking
  
873
   
4
   
185
   
12
 
Consumer Loans
                
Indirect
  
9
   
-
   
-
   
-
 
Home Equity
  
6,388
   
72
   
4,282
   
43
 
Direct
  
2
   
-
   
-
   
-
 
Residential Real Estate Mortgage
  
4,265
   
30
   
2,727
   
23
 
Total Originated
 
$
23,007
  
$
183
  
$
22,334
  
$
132
 
ACQUIRED
                
Commercial Loans
                
Commercial
  
2,883
   
-
   
6,436
   
-
 
Commercial Real Estate
  
7,136
   
-
   
3,524
   
-
 
Total Acquired
 
$
10,019
  
$
-
  
$
9,960
  
$
-
 
Total Loans
 
$
33,026
  
$
183
  
$
32,294
  
$
132
 
 
Credit Quality Indicators
The Company has developed an internal loan grading system to evaluate and quantify the Company's loan portfolio with respect to quality and risk.  The system focuses on, among other things, financial strength of borrowers, experience and depth of borrower's management, primary and secondary sources of repayment, payment history, nature of the business, and outlook on particular industries.  The internal grading system enables the Company to monitor the quality of the entire loan portfolio on a consistent basis and provide management with an early warning system, enabling recognition and response to problem loans and potential problem loans.
 
Commercial Grading System
For commercial and agricultural loans, the Company uses a grading system that relies on quantifiable and measurable characteristics when available.  This would include comparison of financial strength to available industry averages, comparison of transaction factors (loan terms and conditions) to loan policy, and comparison of credit history to stated repayment terms and industry averages. Some grading factors are necessarily more subjective such as economic and industry factors, regulatory environment, and management.  Classified commercial loans consist of loans graded substandard and below.  The grading system for commercial and agricultural loans is as follows:

Doubtful
A doubtful loan has a high probability of total or substantial loss, but because of specific pending events that may strengthen the asset, its classification as a loss is deferred. Doubtful borrowers are usually in default, lack adequate liquidity or capital, and lack the resources necessary to remain an operating entity. Pending events can include mergers, acquisitions, liquidations, capital injections, the perfection of liens on additional collateral, the valuation of collateral, and refinancing. Generally, pending events should be resolved within a relatively short period and the ratings will be adjusted based on the new information. Nonaccrual treatment is required for doubtful assets because of the high probability of loss.
 
Substandard
Substandard loans have a high probability of payment default, or they have other well-defined weaknesses. They require more intensive supervision by bank management. Substandard loans are generally characterized by current or expected unprofitable operations, inadequate debt service coverage, inadequate liquidity, or marginal capitalization. Repayment may depend on collateral or other credit risk mitigants. For some Substandard loans, the likelihood of full collection of interest and principal may be in doubt and those loans should be placed on nonaccrual. Although Substandard assets in the aggregate will have a distinct potential for loss, an individual asset's loss potential does not have to be distinct for the asset to be rated Substandard.
 
Special Mention
Special Mention loans have potential weaknesses that may, if not checked or corrected, weaken the asset or inadequately protect the Company's position at some future date. These loans pose elevated risk, but their weakness does not yet justify a Substandard classification. Borrowers may be experiencing adverse operating trends (declining revenues or margins) or may be struggling with an ill-proportioned balance sheet (e.g., increasing inventory without an increase in sales, high leverage, tight liquidity). Adverse economic or market conditions, such as interest rate increases or the entry of a new competitor, may also support a Special Mention rating. Although a Special Mention loan has a higher probability of default than a pass asset, its default is not imminent.
 
Pass
Loans graded as Pass encompass all loans not graded as Doubtful, Substandard, or Special Mention.  Pass loans are in compliance with loan covenants, and payments are generally made as agreed.  Pass loans range from superior quality to fair quality.
 
Business Banking Grading System
Business banking loans are graded as either Classified or Non-classified:
Classified
Classified loans are inadequately protected by the current worth and paying capacity of the obligor or, if applicable, the collateral pledged.   These loans have a well-defined weakness, or weaknesses, that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt, or in some cases make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.   Classified loans have a high probability of payment default, or a high probability of total or substantial loss.  These loans require more intensive supervision by management and are generally characterized by current or expected unprofitable operations, inadequate debt service coverage, inadequate liquidity, or marginal capitalization.  Repayment may depend on collateral or other credit risk mitigants.  When the likelihood of full collection of interest and principal may be in doubt; classified loans are considered to have a nonaccrual status.   In some cases, Classified loans are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as assets is not warranted.
 
Non-classified
Loans graded as Non-classified encompass all loans not graded as Classified.  Non-classified loans are in compliance with loan covenants, and payments are generally made as agreed and it is expected that such timely payments of principal and interest will continue.
 
Consumer and Residential Mortgage Grading System
Consumer and Residential Mortgage loans are graded as either Performing or Nonperforming.   Nonperforming loans are loans that are 1) over 90 days past due and interest is still accruing, 2) on nonaccrual status or 3) restructured.  All loans not meeting any of these three criteria are considered Performing.
 
The following tables illustrate the Company's credit quality by loan class as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014:
 
Credit Quality Indicators
As of March 31, 2015
 
ORIGINATED
 
  
  
  
  
 
Commercial Credit Exposure
By Internally Assigned Grade:
 
Commercial
  
Commercial
Real Estate
  
Agricultural
  
Agricultural
Real Estate
  
Total
 
Pass
 
$
584,916
  
$
1,036,469
  
$
29,781
  
$
22,916
  
$
1,674,082
 
Special Mention
  
15,872
   
19,820
   
117
   
3
   
35,812
 
Substandard
  
20,725
   
26,330
   
2,103
   
1,612
   
50,770
 
Doubtful
  
-
   
-
   
8
   
-
   
8
 
Total
 
$
621,513
  
$
1,082,619
  
$
32,009
  
$
24,531
  
$
1,760,672
 
 
                    
Business Banking Credit Exposure
By Internally Assigned Grade:
 
Business
Banking
              
Total
 
Non-classified
 
$
379,306
              
$
379,306
 
Classified
  
19,084
               
19,084
 
Total
 
$
398,390
              
$
398,390
 
 
                    
Consumer Credit Exposure
By Payment Activity:
 
Indirect
  
Home Equity
  
Direct
      
Total
 
Performing
 
$
1,341,795
  
$
474,651
  
$
53,428
      
$
1,869,874
 
Nonperforming
  
3,778
   
6,644
   
152
       
10,574
 
Total
 
$
1,345,573
  
$
481,295
  
$
53,580
      
$
1,880,448
 
 
                    
Residential Mortgage Credit Exposure
By Payment Activity:
 
Residential Mortgage
              
Total
 
Performing
 
$
856,970
              
$
856,970
 
Nonperforming
  
7,773
               
7,773
 
Total
 
$
864,743
              
$
864,743
 
 
 
Credit Quality Indicators
As of March 31, 2015
 
ACQUIRED
 
  
  
  
 
Commercial Credit Exposure By Internally Assigned Grade:
 
Commercial
  
Commercial
Real Estate
  
 
  
Total
 
Pass
 
$
64,904
  
$
181,277
  
 
 
  
$
246,181
 
Special Mention
  
2,662
   
2,620
   
 
   
5,282
 
Substandard
  
5,003
   
13,868
   
 
   
18,871
 
Total
 
$
72,569
  
$
197,765
  
 
 
  
$
270,334
 
 
                
Business Banking Credit Exposure By Internally Assigned Grade:
 
Business
Banking
          
Total
 
Non-classified
 
$
50,222
          
$
50,222
 
Classified
  
4,682
           
4,682
 
Total
 
$
54,904
          
$
54,904
 
 
                
Consumer Credit Exposure By Payment Activity:
 
Indirect
  
Home Equity
  
Direct
  
Total
 
Performing
 
$
53,964
  
$
73,291
  
$
4,778
  
$
132,033
 
Nonperforming
  
183
   
427
   
32
   
642
 
Total
 
$
54,147
  
$
73,718
  
$
4,810
  
$
132,675
 
 
                
Residential Mortgage Credit Exposure By Payment Activity:
 
Residential Mortgage
          
Total
 
Performing
 
$
257,756
          
$
257,756
 
Nonperforming
  
3,101
           
3,101
 
Total
 
$
260,857
          
$
260,857
 
 
Credit Quality Indicators
As of December 31, 2014
 
ORIGINATED
 
  
  
  
  
 
Commercial Credit Exposure By Internally Assigned Grade:
 
Commercial
  
Commercial
Real Estate
  
Agricultural
  
Agricultural
Real Estate
  
Total
 
Pass
 
$
570,884
  
$
1,023,856
  
$
30,481
  
$
23,443
  
$
1,648,664
 
Special Mention
  
6,022
   
17,341
   
275
   
42
   
23,680
 
Substandard
  
38,241
   
27,671
   
2,183
   
1,489
   
69,584
 
Doubtful
  
-
   
-
   
8
   
-
   
8
 
Total
 
$
615,147
  
$
1,068,868
  
$
32,947
  
$
24,974
  
$
1,741,936
 
 
                    
Business Banking Credit Exposure By Internally Assigned Grade:
 
Business
Banking
              
Total
 
Non-classified
 
$
379,445
              
$
379,445
 
Classified
  
18,990
               
18,990
 
Total
 
$
398,435
              
$
398,435
 
Total
                    
Consumer Credit Exposure By Payment Activity:
 
Indirect
  
Home Equity
  
Direct
      
Total
 
Performing
 
$
1,306,095
  
$
485,463
  
$
55,658
      
$
1,847,216
 
Nonperforming
  
3,955
   
7,417
   
136
       
11,508
 
Total
 
$
1,310,050
  
$
492,880
  
$
55,794
      
$
1,858,724
 
 
                    
Residential Mortgage Credit Exposure By Payment Activity:
 
Residential Mortgage
              
Total
 
Performing
 
$
838,816
              
$
838,816
 
Nonperforming
  
10,026
               
10,026
 
Total
 
$
848,842
              
$
848,842
 
 
 
Credit Quality Indicators
As of December 31, 2014
 
ACQUIRED
 
  
  
  
 
Commercial Credit Exposure By Internally Assigned Grade:
 
Commercial
  
Commercial
Real Estate
    
Total
 
Pass
 
$
63,630
  
$
186,036
  
 
 
  
$
249,666
 
Special Mention
  
2,840
   
2,646
   
 
   
5,486
 
Substandard
  
8,794
   
11,206
   
 
   
20,000
 
Total
 
$
75,264
  
$
199,888
  
 
 
  
$
275,152
 
 
                
Business Banking Credit Exposure By Internally Assigned Grade:
 
Business
Banking
          
Total
 
Non-classified
 
$
53,264
          
$
53,264
 
Classified
  
4,915
           
4,915
 
Total
 
$
58,179
          
$
58,179
 
 
                
Consumer Credit Exposure By Payment Activity:
 
Indirect
  
Home Equity
  
Direct
  
Total
 
Performing
 
$
65,063
  
$
76,154
  
$
5,277
  
$
146,494
 
Nonperforming
  
160
   
562
   
40
   
762
 
Total
 
$
65,223
  
$
76,716
  
$
5,317
  
$
147,256
 
 
                
Residential Mortgage Credit Exposure By Payment Activity:
 
Residential Mortgage
          
Total
 
Performing
 
$
262,883
          
$
262,883
 
Nonperforming
  
3,864
           
3,864
 
Total
 
$
266,747
          
$
266,747
 
 
Troubled Debt Restructured Loans
The Company's loan portfolio includes certain loans that have been modified where economic concessions have been granted to borrowers who have experienced or are expected to experience financial difficulties.  These concessions typically result from the Company's loss mitigation activities and could include reductions in the interest rate, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance or other actions.  Certain TDRs are classified as nonperforming at the time of restructure and may only be returned to performing status after considering the borrower's sustained repayment performance for a reasonable period, generally six months.  Substantially all of these modifications included one or a combination of the following: an extension of the maturity date at a stated rate of interest lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk; temporary reduction in the interest rate; or change in scheduled payment amount.
 
When the Company modifies a loan, management evaluates any possible impairment based on the present value of the expected future cash flows, discounted at the contractual interest rate of the original loan agreement, except when the sole (remaining) source of repayment for the loan is the operation or liquidation of the collateral.  In these cases, management uses the current fair value of the collateral, less selling costs, instead of discounted cash flows.  If management determines that the value of the modified loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan (net of previous charge-offs, deferred loan fees or costs and unamortized premium or discount), impairment is recognized through an allowance estimate or a charge-off to the allowance.  
 
TDRs that occurred during the three month period ending March 31, 2015 consisted of five home equity loans totaling $0.1 million, fifteen direct consumer loans totaling $1.2 million, and nine residential real estate mortgages totaling $0.8 million.  For all such modifications, the pre and post outstanding recorded investment amount remained substantially unchanged. During the three month period ending March 31, 2015 there was one default on a home equity loan TDR totaling $8,000 and four defaults on direct loans TDR totaling $0.2 million.

TDRs that occurred during the three month period ending March 31, 2014 consisted of twenty-two home equity loans totaling $1.1 million and twelve residential real estate mortgages totaling $1.0 million.  For all such modifications, the pre and post outstanding recorded investment amount remained unchanged. During the three month period ending March 31, 2014 there was one default on a home equity loan TDR totaling $11,000 and one default on a residential real estate mortgage totaling $0.1 million.