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Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 000-52024

ALPHATEC HOLDINGS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware | 20-2463898
( State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
1950 Camino Vida Roble, Carlsbad, CA | 92008
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (760) 431-9286

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, par value $.0001 per share | ATEC | The NASDAQ Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☒ |  | Accelerated filer | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company | ☐
Emerging growth company | ☐ |  |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act) Yes ☐ No ☒

As of April 30, 2024, there were 139,883,919 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

Table of Contents

ALPHATEC HOLDINGS, INC.

QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q

March 31, 2024

Table of Contents

|  |  |  | Page
|  | PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION |  |
Item 1. |  | Financial Statements |  | 3
|  | Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets |  | 3
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (unaudited) |  | 4
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss (unaudited) |  | 5
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) (unaudited) |  | 6
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited) |  | 7
|  | Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) |  | 8
Item 2. |  | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |  | 21
Item 3. |  | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |  | 27
Item 4. |  | Controls and Procedures |  | 27
|  | PART II – OTHER INFORMATION |  |
Item 1. |  | Legal Proceedings |  | 28
Item 1A. |  | Risk Factors |  | 28
Item 2. |  | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds |  | 28
Item 5. |  | Other Information |  | 28
Item 6. |  | Exhibits |  | 29
SIGNATURES |  | 30

2

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

ALPHATEC HOLDINGS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except for par value data)

|  | March 31, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2023 |
Assets |  | (Unaudited) |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 144,085 |  |  | $ | 220,970 |
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $1,831 and $910, respectively |  |  | 88,648 |  |  |  | 72,613 |
Inventories |  |  | 152,981 |  |  |  | 136,842 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | 19,578 |  |  |  | 20,666 |
Total current assets |  |  | 405,292 |  |  |  | 451,091 |
Property and equipment, net |  |  | 171,128 |  |  |  | 149,835 |
Right-of-use assets |  |  | 23,631 |  |  |  | 26,410 |
Goodwill |  |  | 72,249 |  |  |  | 73,003 |
Intangible assets, net |  |  | 99,814 |  |  |  | 102,451 |
Other assets |  |  | 2,467 |  |  |  | 2,418 |
Total assets |  | $ | 774,581 |  |  | $ | 805,208 |
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  | $ | 60,358 |  |  | $ | 48,985 |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |  |  | 87,509 |  |  |  | 87,712 |
Contract liabilities |  |  | 13,632 |  |  |  | 13,910 |
Short-term debt |  |  | 2,548 |  |  |  | 1,808 |
Current portion of operating lease liabilities |  |  | 5,239 |  |  |  | 5,159 |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 169,286 |  |  |  | 157,574 |
Long-term debt |  |  | 511,889 |  |  |  | 511,035 |
Operating lease liabilities, less current portion |  |  | 21,069 |  |  |  | 23,677 |
Other long-term liabilities |  |  | 11,182 |  |  |  | 11,203 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 9) |  |  |  |  |  |
Redeemable preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; 20,000 shares authorized at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023; 3,319 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 |  |  | 23,603 |  |  |  | 23,603 |
Stockholders' equity: |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock, $0.0001 par value; 200,000 authorized; 142,422 shares issued and 142,410 shares outstanding at March 31, 2024; and 139,257 shares issued and 139,245 shares outstanding at December 31, 2023 |  |  | 14 |  |  |  | 14 |
Treasury stock, 1,808 shares, at cost |  |  | (25,097 | ) |  |  | (25,097 | )
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | 1,240,879 |  |  |  | 1,230,484 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  |  | (10,787 | ) |  |  | (8,323 | )
Accumulated deficit |  |  | (1,167,457 | ) |  |  | (1,118,962 | )
Total stockholders’ equity |  |  | 37,552 |  |  |  | 78,116 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity |  | $ | 774,581 |  |  | $ | 805,208 |

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

Table of Contents

ALPHATEC HOLDINGS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(UNAUDITED)

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Revenue from products and services |  | $ | 138,477 |  |  | $ | 109,110 |
Cost of sales |  |  | 41,126 |  |  |  | 38,685 |
Gross profit |  |  | 97,351 |  |  |  | 70,425 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development |  |  | 18,012 |  |  |  | 13,260 |
Sales, general and administrative |  |  | 113,727 |  |  |  | 91,262 |
Litigation-related expenses |  |  | 4,428 |  |  |  | 3,192 |
Amortization of acquired intangible assets |  |  | 3,854 |  |  |  | 2,883 |
Transaction-related expenses |  |  | (117 | ) |  |  | — |
Restructuring expenses |  |  | 788 |  |  |  | 175 |
Total operating expenses |  |  | 140,692 |  |  |  | 110,772 |
Operating loss |  |  | (43,341 | ) |  |  | (40,347 | )
Other expense, net: |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense, net |  |  | (5,341 | ) |  |  | (3,874 | )
Other income, net |  |  | 118 |  |  |  | 706 |
Total other expense, net |  |  | (5,223 | ) |  |  | (3,168 | )
Net loss before taxes |  |  | (48,564 | ) |  |  | (43,515 | )
Income tax (benefit) provision |  |  | (69 | ) |  |  | 14 |
Net loss |  | $ | (48,495 | ) |  | $ | (43,529 | )
Net loss per share, basic and diluted |  | $ | (0.34 | ) |  | $ | (0.40 | )
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic and diluted |  |  | 140,980 |  |  |  | 109,751 |

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

Table of Contents

ALPHATEC HOLDINGS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(UNAUDITED)

(In thousands)

|  | Three Months Ended |  |
|  | March 31, |  |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  |
Net loss |  | $ | (48,495 | ) |  | $ | (43,529 | ) |
Foreign currency translation adjustments |  |  | (2,464 | ) |  |  | 1,105 |  |
Comprehensive loss |  | $ | (50,959 | ) |  | $ | (42,424 | ) |

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

Table of Contents

ALPHATEC HOLDINGS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)

(UNAUDITED)

(In thousands)

|  | Common stock |  |  | Additional paid-in |  |  | Treasury |  |  | Accumulated other comprehensive |  |  | Accumulated |  |  | Total stockholders’ |
|  | Shares |  |  | Par Value |  |  | capital |  |  | stock |  |  | loss |  |  | deficit |  |  | equity |
Balance at December 31, 2023 |  |  | 139,245 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 1,230,484 |  |  | $ | (25,097 | ) |  | $ | (8,323 | ) |  | $ | (1,118,962 | ) |  | $ | 78,116 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 17,322 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 17,322 |
Common stock issued for warrant exercises |  |  | 30 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 150 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 150 |
Common stock issued for stock option exercises |  |  | 56 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 156 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 156 |
Common stock issued for vesting of restricted stock units, net of shares withheld for tax liability |  |  | 3,079 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (7,560 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (7,560 | )
Reclassification of equity-based liability |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 327 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 327 |
Foreign currency translation adjustments |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,464 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,464 | )
Net loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (48,495 | ) |  |  | (48,495 | )
Balance at March 31, 2024 |  |  | 142,410 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 1,240,879 |  |  | $ | (25,097 | ) |  | $ | (10,787 | ) |  | $ | (1,167,457 | ) |  | $ | 37,552 |

|  | Common stock |  |  | Additional paid-in |  |  | Treasury |  |  | Accumulated other comprehensive |  |  | Accumulated |  |  | Total stockholders’ |
|  | Shares |  |  | Par Value |  |  | capital |  |  | stock |  |  | loss |  |  | deficit |  |  | deficit |
Balance at December 31, 2022 |  |  | 106,640 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 933,537 |  |  | $ | (25,097 | ) |  | $ | (10,794 | ) |  | $ | (932,324 | ) |  | $ | (34,667 | )
Stock-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 16,462 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 16,462 |
Common stock issued for warrant exercises |  |  | 4,443 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 456 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 457 |
Common stock issued for stock option exercises |  |  | 349 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 768 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 768 |
Common stock issued for vesting of restricted stock units, net of shares withheld for tax liability |  |  | 2,027 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,331 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,331 | )
Reclassification of equity-based liability |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,373 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,373 |
Foreign currency translation adjustments |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,105 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,105 |
Net loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (43,529 | ) |  |  | (43,529 | )
Balance at March 31, 2023 |  |  | 113,459 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 952,265 |  |  | $ | (25,097 | ) |  | $ | (9,689 | ) |  | $ | (975,853 | ) |  | $ | (58,362 | )

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ALPHATEC HOLDINGS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(UNAUDITED)

(In thousands)

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss |  | $ | (48,495 | ) |  | $ | (43,529 | )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 17,885 |  |  |  | 11,692 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | 17,322 |  |  |  | 16,462 |
Amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs |  |  | 1,058 |  |  |  | 697 |
Amortization of right-of-use assets |  |  | 1,031 |  |  |  | 831 |
Write-down for excess and obsolete inventories |  |  | 2,979 |  |  |  | 2,098 |
Loss on disposal of assets |  |  | 832 |  |  |  | 716 |
Other |  |  | 1,655 |  |  |  | 590 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable |  |  | (17,058 | ) |  |  | (2,478 | )
Inventories |  |  | (19,514 | ) |  |  | (8,540 | )
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | 812 |  |  |  | (2,309 | )
Other assets |  |  | (141 | ) |  |  | 40 |
Accounts payable |  |  | 6,780 |  |  |  | 5,820 |
Accrued expenses |  |  | (2,551 | ) |  |  | (705 | )
Lease liabilities |  |  | (1,047 | ) |  |  | (763 | )
Contract liabilities |  |  | (184 | ) |  |  | 1,883 |
Other long-term liabilities |  |  | 198 |  |  |  | (829 | )
Net cash used in operating activities |  |  | (38,438 | ) |  |  | (18,324 | )
Investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchase of property and equipment |  |  | (31,312 | ) |  |  | (16,278 | )
Purchase of intangible assets |  |  | (2,306 | ) |  |  | (538 | )
Net cash used in investing activities |  |  | (33,618 | ) |  |  | (16,816 | )
Financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from revolving credit facility |  |  | 42,000 |  |  |  | — |
Repayment of revolving credit facility |  |  | (42,000 | ) |  |  | (27,500 | )
Proceeds from term loan, net of debt discount |  |  | — |  |  |  | 98,500 |
Payment of debt issuance costs |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3,193 | )
Net cash paid for common stock exercises |  |  | (4,697 | ) |  |  | (1,106 | )
Proceeds from financed insurance |  |  | 1,156 |  |  |  | 1,328 |
Other |  |  | (829 | ) |  |  | (919 | )
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities |  |  | (4,370 | ) |  |  | 67,110 |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash |  |  | (459 | ) |  |  | 32 |
Net change in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | (76,885 | ) |  |  | 32,002 |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |  |  | 220,970 |  |  |  | 84,696 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |  | $ | 144,085 |  |  | $ | 116,698 |
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid for interest |  | $ | 5,463 |  |  | $ | 3,734 |
Supplemental disclosure of noncash activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Financed insurance |  | $ | 1,156 |  |  | $ | 1,328 |
Purchases of property and equipment in accounts payable and accrued expenses |  | $ | 5,795 |  |  | $ | 1,851 |

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ALPHATEC HOLDINGS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

1. Organization and Significant Accounting Policies

The Company

Alphatec Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”), through its wholly owned subsidiaries, Alphatec Spine, Inc. (“Alphatec Spine”), SafeOp Surgical, Inc. (“SafeOp”), and EOS imaging S.A.S. (“EOS”), is a medical technology company focused on the design, development, and advancement of technology for the better surgical treatment of spinal disorders. The Company, headquartered in Carlsbad, California, markets its products in the United States and internationally via a network of independent sales agents and direct sales representatives.

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. The Company translates the financial statements of its foreign subsidiaries using end-of-period exchange rates for assets and liabilities and average exchange rates during each reporting period for results of operations. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated during consolidation.

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Pursuant to these rules and regulations, the Company has condensed or omitted certain information and footnotes it normally includes in its annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, including normal recurring adjustments which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair statement of the financial position and results of operations for the periods presented. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023, which are included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K that was filed with the SEC. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2024, or any other future periods.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include the useful lives of property and equipment, goodwill, intangible assets, allowances for doubtful accounts, deferred tax assets, inventories, stock-based compensation, revenues, income tax uncertainties, and other contingencies.

Fair Value Measurements

The carrying amount of financial instruments consisting of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses, and short-term debt included in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements are reasonable estimates of fair value due to their short maturities.

Authoritative guidance establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

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Excess and Obsolete Inventory

Most of the Company’s inventory is comprised of finished goods, which is primarily produced by third-party suppliers. Specialized implants, fixation products, and biologics are determined by utilizing a standard cost method that includes capitalized variances which approximates the weighted average cost. Imaging equipment and related parts are valued at weighted average cost. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The Company reviews the components of its inventory on a periodic basis for excess and obsolescence and adjusts inventory to its net realizable value as necessary.

The Company records a lower of cost or net realizable value (“LCNRV”) inventory reserve for estimated excess and obsolete inventory based upon its expected use of inventory on hand. The Company’s inventory, which consists primarily of specialized implants, fixation products, and biologics is at risk of obsolescence due to the need to maintain substantial levels of inventory. In order to market its products effectively and meet the demands of interoperative product placement, the Company maintains and provides surgeons and hospitals with a variety of inventory products and sizes. For each surgery, fewer than all components will be consumed. The need to maintain and provide a wide variety of inventory causes inventory to be held that is not likely to be used.

The Company’s estimates and assumptions for excess and obsolete inventory are reviewed and updated on a quarterly basis. The estimates and assumptions are determined primarily based on current usage of inventory and the age of inventory quantities on hand. Additionally, the Company considers recent sales experience to develop assumptions about future demand for its products, while considering product life cycles and new product launches. Increases in the LCNRV reserve for excess and obsolete inventory result in a corresponding charge to cost of sales.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue from product sales in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“Topic 606”). This standard applies to all contracts with customers, except for contracts that are within the scope of other standards, such as leases, insurance, collaboration arrangements, and financial instruments. Under Topic 606, an entity recognizes revenue when its customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration that the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that an entity determines are within the scope of Topic 606, the entity performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. The Company only applies the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that the entity will collect the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the goods or services it transfers to the customer.

Sales are derived primarily from the sale of spinal implant products, imaging equipment, and related services to hospitals and medical centers through direct sales representatives and independent sales agents. Revenue is recognized when obligations under the terms of a contract with customers are satisfied, which occurs with the transfer of control of products to customers, either upon shipment of the product or delivery of the product to the customer depending on the shipping terms, or when the products are used in a surgical procedure (implanted in a patient). Revenue from the sale of imaging equipment is recognized as each distinct performance obligation is fulfilled and control transfers to the customer, beginning with shipment or delivery, depending on the terms. Revenue from other distinct performance obligations, such as maintenance on imaging equipment and other imaging-related services, is recognized in the period the service is performed, and makes up less than 10% of the Company’s total revenue. Revenue is measured based on the amount of consideration expected to be received in exchange for the transfer of the goods or services specified in the contract with each customer. In certain cases, the Company does offer the ability for customers to lease its imaging equipment primarily on a non-sales type basis, but such arrangements are immaterial to total revenue in the periods presented. The Company generally does not allow returns of products that have been delivered. Costs incurred by the Company associated with sales contracts with customers are deferred over the performance obligation period and recognized in the same period as the related revenue, except for contracts that complete within one year or less, in which case the associated costs are expensed as incurred. Payment terms for sales to customers may vary but are commensurate with the general business practices in the country of sale.

To the extent that the transaction price includes variable consideration, such as discounts, rebates, and customer payment penalties, the Company estimates the amount of variable consideration that should be included in the transaction price utilizing either the expected value method or the most likely amount method depending on the nature of the variable consideration. Variable consideration is included in the transaction price if, in the Company's judgment, it is probable that a significant future reversal of cumulative revenue under the contract will not occur. Estimates of variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in the transaction price are based largely on an assessment of the Company’s anticipated performance and all information that is reasonably available, including historical, current, and forecasted information.

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The Company records a contract asset when one or more performance obligations have been completed by the Company and revenue has been recognized, but the customer's payment is contingent on the satisfaction of additional performance obligations. Contract assets are generally short-term in nature. The Company records a contract liability, or deferred revenue, when it has an obligation to provide a product or service to the customer and payment is received in advance of its performance. These amounts primarily relate to undelivered equipment and related services, or maintenance agreements. When the Company sells a product or service with a future performance obligation, revenue is deferred on the unfulfilled performance obligation and recognized over the related performance period. Generally, the Company does not have observable evidence of the standalone selling price related to its future service obligations; therefore, the Company estimates the selling price using an expected cost plus a margin approach. The transaction price is allocated using the relative standalone selling price method. The use of alternative estimates could result in a different amount of revenue deferral.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standard Update ("ASU") No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvement to Income Tax Disclosures to enhance the transparency of income tax disclosures. The guidance in ASU No. 2023-09 allows for a prospective method of transition, with the option to apply the standard retrospectively. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not intend to early adopt the standard and is in the process of assessing the impact on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures that expands disclosure requirements for reportable segments, primarily through enhanced disclosure of significant segment expenses. The guidance in ASU No. 2023-07 allows for a retrospective method of transition. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not intend to early adopt the standard and is in the process of assessing the impact on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

2. Fair Value Measurements

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis include the following as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

| March 31, 2024 |
| Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Total |
Cash equivalents: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market funds | $ | 56,877 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 56,877 |
Total cash equivalents | $ | 56,877 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 56,877 |
| December 31, 2023 |
| Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Total |
Cash equivalents: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market funds | $ | 76,662 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 76,662 |
Total cash equivalents | $ | 76,662 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 76,662 |

The Company did not have any transfers of assets and liabilities between the levels of the fair value measurement hierarchy during the periods presented.

Fair Value of Long-term Debt

The fair value, based on a quoted market price (Level 1), of the Company’s outstanding Senior Convertible Notes due 2026 (the "2026 Notes") was approximately $329.3 million at March 31, 2024 and approximately $335.4 million at December 31, 2023.

3. Business Combination

The Company recognizes assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and any noncontrolling interest at fair value at the date of acquisition.

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On April 19, 2023, the Company entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement with Integrity Implants Inc. and Fusion Robotics, LLC (collectively, the “Sellers”), whereby the Company acquired certain assets, liabilities, employees, and contracts in connection with the Sellers’ navigation-enabled robotics platform (the “Navigation-enabled Robotics Platform”). The Company paid the Sellers cash consideration of $55.0 million at closing, which represented the total purchase consideration. The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination in accordance with ASC 805 and the Company did not acquire any material assets or assume any material liabilities in connection with the acquisition, excluding intangible assets and goodwill. The acquisition is treated as an asset purchase for income tax purposes; therefore the goodwill recorded is considered deductible for income tax purposes.

The Company is in the process of finalizing the purchase price allocation. While the Company does not expect material changes in the valuation outcome, certain assumptions and findings that were in place at the date of acquisition could result in changes in the purchase price allocation.

4. Inventories

Inventories reported at the lower of cost or net realizable value consist of the following (in thousands):

|  | March 31, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2023 |
Raw materials |  | $ | 21,569 |  |  | $ | 23,394 |
Work-in-process |  |  | 140 |  |  |  | 950 |
Finished goods |  |  | 131,272 |  |  |  | 112,498 |
Inventories |  | $ | 152,981 |  |  | $ | 136,842 |

5. Property and Equipment, net

Property and equipment, net consist of the following (in thousands, except as indicated):

|  | Useful lives (in years) |  | March 31, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2023 |
Surgical instruments |  | 4 |  | $ | 255,640 |  |  | $ | 224,357 |
Machinery and equipment |  | 7 |  |  | 11,942 |  |  |  | 11,633 |
Computer equipment |  | 8 |  |  | 28,428 |  |  |  | 5,778 |
Office furniture and equipment |  | 5 |  |  | 6,177 |  |  |  | 6,225 |
Leasehold improvements |  | various |  |  | 4,016 |  |  |  | 3,986 |
Construction in progress |  | n/a |  |  | 4,769 |  |  |  | 24,732 |
|  |  |  |  | 310,972 |  |  |  | 276,711 |
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization |  |  |  |  | (139,844 | ) |  |  | (126,876 | )
Property and equipment, net |  |  |  | $ | 171,128 |  |  | $ | 149,835 |

Total depreciation expense was $13.7 million and $8.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Construction in progress is not depreciated until placed in service. Property and equipment includes assets under financing leases and the related amortization of assets under financing leases is included in depreciation expense.

6. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill

The change in the carrying amount of goodwill during the period ended March 31, 2024 includes the following (in thousands):

December 31, 2023 |  | $ | 73,003 |
Foreign currency fluctuation |  |  | (754 | )
March 31, 2024 |  | $ | 72,249 |

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Intangible assets, net

Intangible assets, net consist of the following (in thousands, except as indicated):

|  | Remaining Avg. Useful lives |  | Gross |  |  | Accumulated |  |  | Intangible |
March 31, 2024: |  | (in years) |  | Amount |  |  | Amortization |  |  | Assets, net |
Developed product technology |  | 6 |  | $ | 105,743 |  |  | $ | (29,803 | ) |  | $ | 75,940 |
Trademarks and trade names |  | 7 |  |  | 5,469 |  |  |  | (1,664 | ) |  |  | 3,805 |
Customer relationships |  | 3 |  |  | 14,315 |  |  |  | (9,045 | ) |  |  | 5,270 |
Distribution network |  | 1 |  |  | 2,413 |  |  |  | (2,292 | ) |  |  | 121 |
Total amortized intangible assets |  |  |  |  | 127,940 |  |  |  | (42,804 | ) |  |  | 85,136 |
Software in development |  | n/a |  |  | 10,393 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 10,393 |
In-process research and development |  | n/a |  |  | 4,285 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,285 |
Total intangible assets |  |  |  | $ | 142,618 |  |  | $ | (42,804 | ) |  | $ | 99,814 |
|  |  |  | . |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Remaining Avg. Useful lives |  | Gross |  |  | Accumulated |  |  | Intangible |
December 31, 2023: |  | (in years) |  | Amount |  |  | Amortization |  |  | Assets, net |
Developed product technology |  | 6 |  | $ | 106,782 |  |  | $ | (26,560 | ) |  | $ | 80,222 |
Trademarks and trade names |  | 7 |  |  | 5,588 |  |  |  | (1,561 | ) |  |  | 4,027 |
Customer relationships |  | 3 |  |  | 14,504 |  |  |  | (8,692 | ) |  |  | 5,812 |
Distribution network |  | 1 |  |  | 2,413 |  |  |  | (2,242 | ) |  |  | 171 |
Total amortized intangible assets |  |  |  |  | 129,287 |  |  |  | (39,055 | ) |  |  | 90,232 |
Software in development |  | n/a |  |  | 7,934 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,934 |
In-process research and development |  | n/a |  |  | 4,285 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,285 |
Total intangible assets |  |  |  | $ | 141,506 |  |  | $ | (39,055 | ) |  | $ | 102,451 |

Total amortization expense attributed to intangible assets was $4.2 million and $3.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Software in development is amortized when the projects are completed and the assets are ready for their intended use. In-process research and development assets begin amortizing when the relevant products reach full commercial launch.

Future amortization expense related to intangible assets is as follows (in thousands):

Remainder of 2024 |  | $ | 14,450 |
2025 |  |  | 15,061 |
2026 |  |  | 15,061 |
2027 |  |  | 12,839 |
2028 |  |  | 11,106 |
Thereafter |  |  | 16,619 |
|  | $ | 85,136 |

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7. Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities

Contract assets included within prepaid expenses and other current assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets are as follows (in thousands):

|  | March 31, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2023 |
Contract assets |  | $ | 1,691 |  |  | $ | 3,865 |

The non-current contract liabilities balance is included in other long-term liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company’s contract liabilities are as follows (in thousands):

|  | March 31, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2023 |
Contract liabilities |  | $ | 16,044 |  |  | $ | 16,474 |
Less: Non-current portion of contract liabilities |  |  | 2,412 |  |  |  | 2,564 |
Current portion of contract liabilities |  | $ | 13,632 |  |  | $ | 13,910 |

The Company recognized $3.1 million of revenue from the opening contract liabilities balance for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

8. Debt

Term Loan

On January 6, 2023, the Company entered into a $150.0 million term loan credit facility with Braidwell Transaction Holdings, LLC (the “Braidwell Term Loan”). The Braidwell Term Loan provides for an initial term loan of $100.0 million which was funded on the closing date. On September 28, 2023, the Company drew an additional $50.0 million (the “delayed draw term loan(s)” or the “DDTL”). The Braidwell Term Loan matures on January 6, 2028. As of March 31, 2024, the outstanding balance under the Braidwell Term Loan was $150.0 million.

In conjunction with the issuance of the Braidwell Term Loan, the Company incurred $3.4 million in debt issuance costs and $1.5 million in commitment fees. Commitment fees paid to the lender were accounted for as a debt discount. The debt issuance costs and debt discount were recorded as a direct reduction of the carrying amount of the loan on the condensed consolidated balance sheets and are being amortized over the life of the loan. As of March 31, 2024, debt issuance costs and debt discount, net of accumulated amortization, associated with the Braidwell Term Loan were $2.9 million and $1.2 million, respectively.

Borrowings under the Braidwell Term Loan bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate for such SOFR business day ("SOFR") subject to a 3% floor, plus 5.75%. The applicable interest rate as of March 31, 2024 was 11.2%. The loan agreement includes an undrawn commitment fee, which is calculated as 1% per annum of the average daily undrawn portion of the DDTL. Interest and undrawn commitment fees incurred are due quarterly. The Company is also required to pay fees on any prepayment of the Braidwell Term Loan, ranging from 2.0% to 1.0% depending on the date of prepayment, and a final payment fee equal to 3.25% of the principal amount of the loans drawn. The effective interest rate as of March 31, 2024 was 12.2%. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company recognized interest expense on the Braidwell Term Loan of $4.4 million, which includes $0.1 million for the amortization of debt issuance costs and $0.1 million for the debt discount. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recognized interest expense on the Braidwell Term Loan of $2.8 million, which includes $0.1 million for the amortization of debt issuance costs and $0.1 million for the debt discount. Upon the Braidwell Term Loan’s maturity, any outstanding principal balance, unpaid accrued interest, and all other obligations under the Braidwell Term Loan will be due and payable.

The Braidwell Term Loan is secured by substantially all of the Company’s assets with the priority interest of the lenders in the Braidwell Term Loan and the Revolving Credit Facility, as defined below, subject to terms of a customary intercreditor agreement, which provides that the lenders under the Revolving Credit Facility have a priority with respect to the Company's accounts receivable, inventory, medical instruments, and items related to the foregoing, and the lenders under the Braidwell Term Loan have priority with respect to the remainder of the Company's assets. The loan agreement contains customary representations and warranties and affirmative and negative covenants. Under the loan agreement, the Company is required to maintain a minimum level of liquidity. The loan agreement also includes certain events of default, and upon the occurrence of such events of default, all outstanding loans under the Braidwell Term Loan may be accelerated and/or the lenders’ commitments terminated. The Company is in compliance with all required financial covenants as of March 31, 2024.

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Revolving Credit Facility

In September 2022, the Company entered into a revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”) with entities affiliated with MidCap Financial Trust (“MidCap”). The Revolving Credit Facility provides up to $50.0 million in borrowing capacity to the Company based on a borrowing base. The borrowing base is calculated based on certain accounts receivable and inventory assets. The Company may request increases up to $25.0 million in the Revolving Credit Facility for a total commitment of up to $75.0 million. The Company subsequently increased the borrowing capacity by $5.0 million for a total borrowing capacity of $55.0 million. The Revolving Credit Facility matures on the earlier of September 29, 2027, or 90 days prior to the final maturity date of the Company’s 2026 Notes. As of March 31, 2024, the outstanding balance under the Revolving Credit Facility was $50.0 million.

In conjunction with obtaining the Revolving Credit Facility, the Company incurred $1.4 million in debt issuance costs. These costs were capitalized to other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets and are being amortized over the life of the Revolving Credit Facility. As of March 31, 2024, debt issuance costs, net of accumulated amortization, associated with the Revolving Credit Facility were $1.0 million.

The outstanding loans under the Revolving Credit Facility bear interest at the sum of Term SOFR plus 3.5% per annum. The applicable interest rate as of March 31, 2024 was 8.9%. The loan agreements include an unused line fee, which is calculated as 0.5% per annum of either the unused Revolving Credit Facility or a minimum balance. Interest and unused line fees incurred are due and capitalized to the outstanding principal balance monthly. The Company recognized interest expense on the Revolving Credit Facility of $0.4 million and $0.3 million, which includes approximately $0.1 million and $0.1 million for the amortization of debt issuance costs, during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Upon the Revolving Credit Facility’s maturity, any outstanding principal balance, unpaid accrued interest, and all other obligations under the Revolving Credit Facility will be due and payable.

The Revolving Credit Facility contains a lockbox arrangement clause requiring the Company to maintain a lockbox bank account. If the revolving loan availability is less than 30% of the revolving loan limit for five consecutive business days, or the Company is in default, MidCap will apply funds collected from the Company's lockbox account to reduce the outstanding balance of the Revolving Credit Facility. As of March 31, 2024, the Company's loan availability level has not activated lockbox deductions, nor is it expected to for the next 12 months; therefore, the Company has determined that the outstanding balance under the Revolving Credit Facility is long-term debt on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The Revolving Credit Facility is secured by substantially all of the Company’s assets with the priority interest of the lenders subject to terms of a customary intercreditor agreement in connection with the Braidwell Term Loan, as described above. The loan agreements and other ancillary documents contain customary representations and warranties and affirmative and negative covenants. Under the loan agreements, the Company is required to maintain a minimum level of liquidity. The loan agreements also include certain events of default, and upon the occurrence of such events of default, all outstanding loans under the Revolving Credit Facility may be accelerated and/or the lenders’ commitments terminated. The Company is in compliance with all required financial covenants as of March 31, 2024.

0.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2026

In August 2021, the Company issued $316.3 million aggregate principal amount of unsecured 2026 Notes with a stated interest rate of 0.75% and a maturity date of August 1, 2026. Interest on the 2026 Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on February 1 and August 1 of each year, beginning on February 1, 2022. The net proceeds from the sale of the 2026 Notes were approximately $306.2 million after deducting the initial purchasers’ offering expenses. The 2026 Notes do not contain any financial covenants.

The 2026 Notes are convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock based upon an initial conversion rate of 54.5316 shares of the Company’s common stock per $1,000 principal amount of 2026 Notes (equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $18.34 per share). The conversion rate will be subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain specified events, including certain distributions and dividends to all or substantially all of the holders of the Company’s common stock. Based on the terms of the 2026 Notes, when a conversion notice is received, the Company has the option to pay or deliver cash, shares of the Company’s common stock, or a combination thereof.

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Holders of the 2026 Notes have the right to convert their notes in certain circumstances and during specified periods. Prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding February 2, 2026, holders may convert all or a portion of their 2026 Notes only under the following circumstances: (1) during any calendar quarter (and only during such calendar quarter) if the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day; (2) during the 5 consecutive business days immediately after any 10 consecutive trading day period (the “measurement period”) in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of 2026 Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day; or (3) upon the occurrence of specified corporate events. From and after February 2, 2026, holders of the 2026 Notes may convert their notes at any time at their election until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date. As of March 31, 2024, none of the conditions permitting the holders of the 2026 Notes to convert have been met. The 2026 Notes are classified as long-term debt on the condensed consolidated balances sheet as of March 31, 2024.

The 2026 Notes are redeemable, in whole or in part, at the Company’s option at any time, and from time to time, on or after August 6, 2024 and on or before the 40th scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date, at a cash redemption price equal to the principal amount of the 2026 Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, but only if the last reported sale price per share of the Company’s common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price for a specified period of time. In addition, calling any of the 2026 Notes for redemption will constitute a “make-whole fundamental change” with respect to the redeemable note, in which case the conversion rate applicable to the conversion of the redeemed note will be increased in certain circumstances if such note is converted after it is called for redemption.

If a fundamental change occurs prior to the maturity date, holders may require the Company to repurchase all or a portion of their 2026 Notes for cash at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2026 Notes plus accrued and unpaid interest. No principal payments are otherwise due on the 2026 Notes prior to maturity.

The Company recorded the full principal amount of the 2026 Notes as a long-term liability net of deferred issuance costs. The annual effective interest rate for the 2026 Notes is 1.4%. The Company recognized interest expense on the 2026 Notes of $1.1 million, which includes $0.5 million for the amortization of debt issuance costs, during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. The Company uses the if-converted method for assumed conversion of the 2026 Notes to compute the weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding for diluted earnings per share, if applicable.

The outstanding principal amount and carrying value of the 2026 Notes consists of the following (in thousands):

|  | March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023 |
Principal |  | $ | 316,250 |  | $ | 316,250 |
Unamortized debt issuance costs |  |  | (4,791 | ) |  | (5,293 | )
Net carrying value |  | $ | 311,459 |  | $ | 310,957 |

Capped Call Transactions

In connection with the offering of the 2026 Notes, the Company entered into privately negotiated capped call transactions (the “Capped Call Transactions”) with certain financial institutions. The Capped Call Transactions are expected generally to reduce the potential dilution and/or offset the cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of the 2026 Notes upon conversion of the 2026 Notes in the event that the market price per share of the Company’s common stock is greater than the strike price of the Capped Call Transactions with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap. The Capped Call Transactions have an initial cap price of $27.68 per share of the Company’s common stock, which represents a premium of 100% over the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock on August 5, 2021, and is subject to certain adjustments under the terms of the Capped Call Transactions. Collectively, the Capped Call Transactions cover, initially, the number of shares of the Company’s common stock underlying the 2026 Notes, subject to anti-dilution adjustments substantially similar to those applicable to the 2026 Notes. The cost of the Capped Call Transactions was approximately $39.9 million.

The Capped Call Transactions are separate transactions and are not part of the terms of the 2026 Notes and will not affect any holder’s rights under the notes. Holders of the 2026 Notes will not have any rights with respect to the Capped Call Transactions.

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Other Debt Agreements

The Company has two loan agreements under French government sponsored COVID-19 relief initiatives (“PGE” loans) which mature in 2027. Monthly and quarterly installments of principal and interest under each PGE loan agreement is due until the original principal amounts and applicable interest is fully repaid in 2027. The outstanding obligation under each PGE loan as of March 31, 2024 was $2.9 million and $1.3 million at weighted average interest rates of 0.98% and 1.25%, respectively, and weighted average costs of the state guaranty of 0.69% and 1.00%, respectively.

Total Indebtedness

Principal payments remaining on the Company's debt are as follows as of March 31, 2024 (in thousands):

Remainder of 2024 |  | $ | 2,181 |
2025 |  |  | 1,704 |
2026 |  |  | 317,774 |
2027 |  |  | 50,629 |
2028 |  |  | 154,875 |
Total |  |  | 527,163 |
Less: unamortized debt discount and debt issuance costs |  |  | (12,726 | )
Total |  |  | 514,437 |
Less: current portion of long-term debt |  |  | (2,548 | )
Long-term debt |  | $ | 511,889 |

9. Commitments and Contingencies

Leases

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception by assessing whether there is an identified asset and whether the contract conveys the right to control the use of the identified asset in exchange for consideration over a period of time. If both criteria are met, the Company records the associated lease liability and corresponding right-of-use asset (“ROU asset”) upon commencement of the lease using a discount rate based on the incremental borrowing rate of interest that the Company would borrow on a collateralized basis for an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment. Any short-term leases defined as twelve months or less or month-to-month leases are excluded and are expensed each month. Total costs associated with these short-term leases are immaterial to all periods presented.

The Company leases office and storage facilities and equipment under various operating and financing lease agreements. The initial terms of these leases range from 1 to 10 years and generally provide for periodic rent increases. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material variable lease payments, residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. The Company aggregates all lease and non-lease components for each class of underlying assets into a single lease component and variable charges for common area maintenance and other variable costs are recognized as expense as incurred. Total variable costs associated with leases for the three months ended March 31, 2024 were immaterial. The Company had an immaterial amount of financing leases as of March 31, 2024, which is included in property and equipment, net, accrued expenses and other current liabilities, and other long-term liabilities, on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Future minimum annual lease payments for all operating leases of the Company are as follows as of March 31, 2024 (in thousands):

Remainder of 2024 |  | $ | 4,197 |
2025 |  |  | 5,034 |
2026 |  |  | 4,651 |
2027 |  |  | 4,621 |
2028 |  |  | 4,148 |
Thereafter |  |  | 8,582 |
Total undiscounted lease payments |  |  | 31,233 |
Less: imputed interest |  |  | (4,925 | )
Operating lease liabilities |  |  | 26,308 |
Less: current portion of operating lease liabilities |  |  | (5,239 | )
Operating lease liabilities, less current portion |  | $ | 21,069 |

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The Company’s weighted average remaining lease term and weighted average discount rate as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are as follows:

|  | March 31, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2023 |
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years) |  |  | 6.2 |  |  |  | 6.5 |
Weighted-average discount rate |  |  | 5.5 | % |  |  | 5.5 | %

Information related to the Company’s operating leases is as follows (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  |
Rent expense |  | $ | 1,466 |  |  | $ | 1,244 |  |
Cash paid for amounts included in measurement of lease liabilities |  | $ | 1,419 |  |  | $ | 4,366 |  |

Purchase Commitments

The Company is obligated to meet certain minimum purchase commitment requirements with a third-party supplier through December 2026. As of March 31, 2024, the remaining minimum purchase commitment required by the Company under the agreement is $12.5 million.

Litigation

The Company is and may become involved in various legal proceedings arising from its business activities. While management is not aware of any litigation matter that in and of itself would have a material adverse impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial position, litigation is inherently unpredictable, and depending on the nature and timing of a proceeding, an unfavorable resolution could materially affect the Company’s future consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial position in a particular period. The Company assesses contingencies to determine the degree of probability and range of possible loss for potential accrual or disclosure in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. An estimated loss contingency is accrued in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements if it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Because litigation is inherently unpredictable and unfavorable resolutions could occur, assessing contingencies is highly subjective and requires judgments about future events. When evaluating contingencies, the Company may be unable to provide a meaningful estimate due to a number of factors, including the procedural status of the matter in question, the presence of complex or novel legal theories, and/or the ongoing discovery and development of information important to the matters. In addition, damage amounts claimed in litigation against the Company may be unsupported, exaggerated or unrelated to reasonably possible outcomes, and as such are not meaningful indicators of the Company’s potential liability.

Indemnifications

In the normal course of business, the Company enters into agreements under which it occasionally indemnifies third-parties for intellectual property infringement claims or claims arising from breaches of representations or warranties. In addition, from time to time, the Company provides indemnity protection to third-parties for claims relating to past performance arising from undisclosed liabilities, product liabilities, environmental obligations, representations and warranties, and other claims. In these agreements, the scope and amount of remedy, or the period in which claims can be made, may be limited. It is not possible to determine the maximum potential amount of future payments, if any, due under these indemnities due to the conditional nature of the obligations and the unique facts and circumstances involved in each agreement.

In October 2017, NuVasive filed a lawsuit in Delaware Chancery Court against Mr. Miles, the Company’s Chairman and CEO, who was a former officer and board member of NuVasive. The Company itself was not initially a named defendant in this lawsuit; however, in June 2018, NuVasive amended its complaint to add the Company as a defendant. In October 2018, the Delaware Court ordered that NuVasive advance legal fees for Mr. Miles’ defense in the lawsuit, as well as Mr. Miles’ legal fees incurred in pursuing advancement of his fees, pursuant to an indemnification agreement between NuVasive and Mr. Miles. As of March 31, 2024, the Company has not recorded any liability on the condensed consolidated balance sheet related to this matter.

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Royalties

The Company has entered into various intellectual property agreements requiring the payment of royalties based on the sale of products that utilize such intellectual property. These royalties primarily relate to products sold by Alphatec Spine and are based on fixed fees or calculated either as a percentage of net sales or on a per-unit sold basis. Royalties are included on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations as a component of cost of sales.

10. Stock-Benefit Plans and Equity Transactions

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company has stock-based compensation plans under which it grants stock options, restricted stock units ("RSUs"), and performance restricted stock units ("PRSUs") to officers, directors and third parties. Total stock-based compensation for the periods presented are as follows (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended |  |
|  | March 31, |  |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  |
Cost of sales |  | $ | 483 |  |  | $ | 6,006 |  |
Research and development |  |  | 4,315 |  |  |  | 1,317 |  |
Sales, general and administrative |  |  | 12,524 |  |  |  | 9,139 |  |
Total |  | $ | 17,322 |  |  | $ | 16,462 |  |

As of March 31, 2024, there was $100.9 million of unrecognized compensation expense for RSUs and PRSUs to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.97 years.

Restricted Stock Units and Performance Based Restricted Stock Units Awards

The Company issued approximately 3,154,000 and 1,967,000 shares of common stock, before net share settlement, upon vesting of RSUs and PRSUs during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

Employees are eligible to participate in the Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP") approved by its shareholders. During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, there were no shares issued under the ESPP.

The Company estimates the fair value of shares issued to employees under the ESPP using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The assumptions used to estimate the fair value of stock options granted and stock purchase rights under the ESPP are as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Risk-free interest rate |  |  | 5.41 | % |  |  | 4.54 | %
Expected dividend yield |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Expected term (years) |  |  | 0.50 |  |  |  | 0.60 |
Volatility |  |  | 58.41 | % |  |  | 62.77 | %

Warrants Outstanding

Squadron Medical Warrants

In connection with debt financing entered into with Squadron Medical in 2018, and amended in 2019 and 2020, the Company issued common stock warrants to Squadron Medical and a participant lender (the “Squadron Medical Warrants”). The Squadron Medical Warrants expire in May 2027 and are exercisable by cash exercise. No Squadron Medical Warrants have been exercised as of March 31, 2024.

Executive Warrants

The Company issued warrants to the Company’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (the “Executive Warrants”). The Executive Warrants had a five-year term and are exercisable by cash or cashless exercise. In October 2022, the term was extended to seven years. No Executive Warrants have been exercised as of March 31, 2024.

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A summary of all outstanding warrants for common stock as of March 31, 2024, are as follows (in thousands, except for strike price data):

|  | Number of Warrants |  |  | Strike Price |  | Expiration
2018 Squadron Medical Warrants |  |  | 845 |  |  | $ | 3.15 |  | May 2027
2019 Squadron Medical Warrants |  |  | 4,839 |  |  | $ | 2.17 |  | May 2027
2020 Squadron Medical Warrants |  |  | 1,076 |  |  | $ | 4.88 |  | May 2027
Executive Warrants |  |  | 1,327 |  |  | $ | 5.00 |  | December 2024
Other(1) |  |  | 129 |  |  | $ | 10.10 |  | Various through June 2026
Total |  |  | 8,216 |  |  |  |  |

(1)
Weighted-average strike price.

All outstanding warrants were deemed to qualify for equity classification under authoritative accounting guidance.

11. Business Segment and Geographic Information

The Company operates in one segment based upon the Company’s organizational structure, the way in which the operations and investments are managed and evaluated by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) as well as the lack of available discrete financial information at a level lower than the consolidated level. The Company shares common, centralized support functions which report directly to the CODM and decision-making regarding the Company’s overall operating performance and allocation of Company resources is assessed on a consolidated basis.

Net revenue and property and equipment, net, by geographic region are as follows (in thousands):

|  | Revenue |  | Property and equipment, net |
|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  |  |  | March 31, |  |  | December 31, |
(in thousands) |  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
United States |  | $ | 129,845 |  |  | $ | 99,969 |  |  |  | $ | 168,461 |  |  | $ | 147,705 |
International |  |  | 8,632 |  |  |  | 9,141 |  |  |  |  | 2,667 |  |  |  | 2,130 |
Total |  | $ | 138,477 |  |  | $ | 109,110 |  |  |  | $ | 171,128 |  |  | $ | 149,835 |

12. Net Loss Per Share

Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. If applicable, diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is calculated by dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the diluted weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period, determined using the treasury-stock method and the if-converted method for convertible debt. For purposes of this calculation, common stock subject to repurchase by the Company, common stock issuable upon conversion or exercise of convertible notes, preferred shares, options, and warrants are considered to be common stock equivalents and are only included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share when their effect is dilutive. Due to the Company’s net loss position, the effect of including common stock equivalents in the earnings per share calculation is anti-dilutive, and therefore not included.

The following table presents the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share (in thousands, except per share amounts):

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss |  | $ | (48,495 | ) |  | $ | (43,529 | )
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average common shares outstanding |  |  | 140,980 |  |  |  | 109,751 |
Net loss per share, basic and diluted: |  | $ | (0.34 | ) |  | $ | (0.40 | )

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The following potentially dilutive shares of common stock were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive for the periods presented (in thousands):

|  | As of March 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Options to purchase common stock and employee stock purchase plan |  |  | 2,611 |  |  |  | 2,706 |
Unvested restricted stock unit awards |  |  | 8,783 |  |  |  | 7,037 |
Warrants to purchase common stock |  |  | 8,216 |  |  |  | 9,654 |
Senior convertible notes |  |  | 17,246 |  |  |  | 17,246 |
Total |  |  | 36,856 |  |  |  | 36,643 |

13. Income Taxes

To calculate its interim tax provision, at the end of each interim period the Company estimates the annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items arising in that quarter. The computation of the annual estimated effective tax rate at each interim period requires certain estimates and significant judgment including, but not limited to, the estimated annual taxable income or loss for the year and projections of the proportion of income earned and taxed in foreign jurisdictions. The accounting estimates used to compute the provision for income taxes may change as new events occur, additional information is obtained, or the tax environment changes.

The Company’s effective tax rate from operations was 0.14% and (0.03%) for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company’s effective tax rate differs from the federal statutory rate of 21% in each period primarily due to the Company’s net loss position and valuation allowance.

14. Related Party Transactions

The Company purchases inventory from an affiliate of Squadron Capital, LLC (the “Squadron Supplier Affiliate”). David Pelizzon, President and Director of Squadron Capital, LLC, currently serves on the Company’s Board of Directors. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company purchased inventory in the amounts of $4.7 million and $3.6 million, respectively, from the Squadron Supplier Affiliate. As of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, the Company had $3.5 million and $5.4 million, respectively, due to the Squadron Supplier Affiliate, for inventory purchases.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

You should read the following management's discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto that appear elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and under the heading "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). In addition to historical information, the following management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations includes forward-looking information that involves risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. Our actual results and the timing of events could differ materially from those anticipated by these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, such as those set forth under “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, and any updates to those risk factors filed from time to time in our subsequent periodic and current reports filed with the SEC.

Overview

We are a medical technology company, headquartered in Carlsbad, California, focused on the design, development, and advancement of technology for better surgical treatment of spine disorders. By applying our unique, 100% spine focus and deep, collective industry know-how, we aim to revolutionize the approach to spine surgery through clinical distinction. The sophisticated approaches that we create from the ground up are designed to integrate with our expanding Alpha InformatiX™ product platform to objectively inform surgery and achieve the goals of spine surgery more predictably and more reproducibly. We have a comprehensive product portfolio designed to address the spine’s various pathologies, and are perpetually innovating to accomplish our ultimate vision, which is to be the standard bearer in spine.

The application of our team’s deep spine know-how, coupled with a willingness to invest holistically in the technologies integrated into our procedural approaches continues to increasingly compel surgeons and sales talent to partner with us. That adoption-driven validation has been the source of industry-leading market share expansion, which has delivered an approximately 40% revenue compound annual growth rate since our transformation commenced in 2018.

We market and sell our products through a network of independent sales agents and direct sales representatives. To deliver consistent, predictable growth, we have added, and intend to continue to add, clinically astute and exclusive sales team members to reach untapped surgeons, hospitals, and national accounts and better penetrate existing accounts and territories.

Revenue and Expense Components

The following is a description of the primary components of our revenue and expenses:

Revenue. We derive our revenue primarily from the sale of spinal surgery implants used in the treatment of spine disorders as well as the sale of medical imaging equipment which is used for surgical planning and post-operative assessment. Spinal implant products include pedicle screws and complementary implants, interbody devices, plates, and tissue-based materials. Medical imaging equipment includes our EOS full-body and weight-bearing x-ray imaging devices, and related services. Our revenue is generated by our direct sales force and independent sales agents. Our products are shipped and invoiced to hospitals and surgical centers. Currently, most of our business is conducted with customers within markets in which we have experience and with payment terms that are customary to our business. We may defer revenue until the time of collection if circumstances related to payment terms, regional market risk or customer history indicate that collectability is not certain.

Cost of sales. Cost of sales consists primarily of direct product costs, royalties, service labor hours, and parts. Our product costs consist primarily of raw materials, component parts, direct labor, and overhead. The product costs of certain of our biologics products include the cost of procuring and processing human tissue. We incur royalties related to the technologies that we license from others and the products that are developed in part by surgeons with whom we collaborate in the product development process.

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Research and development expenses. Research and development expenses consist of costs associated with the design, development, testing, and enhancement of our products. Research and development expenses also include salaries and related employee benefits, research-related overhead expenses, and fees paid to external service providers and development consultants in the form of both cash and equity.

Sales, general and administrative expenses. Sales, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and related employee benefits, sales commissions and other variable costs, depreciation of our surgical instruments, regulatory affairs, quality assurance costs, professional service fees, travel, medical education, trade show and marketing costs, and insurance expenses.

Litigation-related expenses. Litigation-related expenses consist of costs incurred for our ongoing and settled litigation.

Amortization of acquired intangible assets. Amortization of acquired intangible assets consists of intangible assets acquired in business combinations and asset acquisitions.

Transaction-related expenses. Transaction-related expenses consist of one-time costs associated with business combinations and asset acquisitions. These items may include but are not limited to consulting and legal fees, and other related deal costs.

Restructuring expenses. Restructuring expenses are primarily associated with the realignment of our operations and geographical footprint to achieve synergies, in which we incur one-time costs related to exiting and/or relocating our facilities, and personnel related expenses including severance and other costs.

Total interest expense and other expense, net. Total interest expense and other expense, net includes interest income, interest expense, gains and losses from foreign currency exchanges and other non-operating gains and losses.

Income tax provision. Income tax provision primarily consists of an estimate of federal, state, and foreign income taxes based on enacted state and foreign tax rates, as adjusted for allowable credits, deductions, uncertain tax positions, changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities, and changes in tax laws.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses, and related disclosures. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates and assumptions, including those related to revenue recognition, allowances for accounts receivable, inventories, intangible assets, stock-based compensation, and income taxes. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumption conditions.

Critical accounting policies are those that, in management’s view, are most important in the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations. Management believes there have been no material changes during the three months ended March 31, 2024, to the critical accounting policies discussed in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC.

Results of Operations

Total revenue

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  |  | Change |
(in thousands, except %) |  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | $ |  |  | % |
Revenue from products and services |  | $ | 138,477 |  |  | $ | 109,110 |  |  | $ | 29,367 |  |  |  | 27 | %

Revenue from products and services increased $29.4 million, or 27%, during the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the same period in 2023. The increase was primarily due to an increase in product volume that was due to the increase in our surgeon user base, continued expansion of our new product portfolio, and increasing adoption of our technology.

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Cost of sales

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  |  | Change |
(in thousands, except %) |  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | $ |  |  | % |
Cost of sales |  | $ | 41,126 |  |  | $ | 38,685 |  |  | $ | 2,441 |  |  |  | 6 | %

Cost of sales increased $2.4 million, or 6%, for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the same period in 2023. The increase was primarily due to an increase in product volume offset by a decrease in stock-based compensation. We have entered into Development Service Agreements for the development of a wide variety of potential products and intellectual property. Under these agreements, future royalty payments for product and/or intellectual property rights may be paid in either cash or restricted shares of our common stock at the election of the developer, depending on the terms of the agreement. Certain of these agreements were amended to remove the cash royalty option and require settlement in restricted shares of our common stock. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the vesting conditions of certain of these amended awards were deemed probable. There were no such vesting conditions met during the three months ended March 31, 2024 resulting in a decrease in stock-based compensation for the period.

Operating expenses

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  |  | Change |
(in thousands, except %) |  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | $ |  |  | % |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development |  | $ | 18,012 |  |  | $ | 13,260 |  |  | $ | 4,752 |  |  |  | 36 | %
Sales, general and administrative |  |  | 113,727 |  |  |  | 91,262 |  |  |  | 22,465 |  |  |  | 25 | %
Litigation-related expenses |  |  | 4,428 |  |  |  | 3,192 |  |  |  | 1,236 |  |  |  | 39 | %
Amortization of acquired intangible assets |  |  | 3,854 |  |  |  | 2,883 |  |  |  | 971 |  |  |  | 34 | %
Transaction-related expenses |  |  | (117 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (117 | ) |  |  | (100 | )%
Restructuring expenses |  |  | 788 |  |  |  | 175 |  |  |  | 613 |  |  |  | 350 | %
Total operating expenses |  | $ | 140,692 |  |  | $ | 110,772 |  |  | $ | 29,920 |  |  |  | 27 | %

Research and development expenses. Research and development expenses increased $4.8 million, or 36%, for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the same period in 2023. The increase was primarily due to an increase in personnel to support the expansion of our new product portfolio and an increase in stock-based compensation associated with Development Service Agreements described above.

Sales, general and administrative expenses. Sales, general and administrative expenses increased $22.5 million, or 25%, during the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the same period in 2023. The increase was primarily due to higher compensation-related costs and variable selling expenses associated with the increase in revenue, and our continued investment in building our strategic distribution channel. Additionally, we continued to increase our investment in our sales and marketing functions by increasing headcount to support the growth of our business, as well as necessary administrative support.

Litigation-related expenses. Litigation expenses increased $1.2 million, or 39%, for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the same period in 2023. The increase was primarily related to legal fees associated with ongoing litigation matters.

Amortization of acquired intangible assets. The increase in amortization of acquired intangible assets is primarily due to amortization of intangible assets acquired in the acquisition of the navigation-enabled robotics platform ("Valence") in April 2023.

Transaction-related expenses. The decrease in transaction-related expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2024, is primarily due to the release of certain accruals for third-party professional service costs associated with the Valence acquisition.

Restructuring expenses. The increase in restructuring expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2024 is primarily due to costs associated with the relocation of office facilities in Paris, France.

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Total interest expense and other expense, net

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  |  | Change |
(in thousands, except %) |  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | $ |  |  | % |
Other expense, net: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense, net |  | $ | (5,341 | ) |  | $ | (3,874 | ) |  | $ | (1,467 | ) |  |  | 38 | %
Other income, net |  |  | 118 |  |  |  | 706 |  |  |  | (588 | ) |  |  | (83 | )%
Total other expense, net |  | $ | (5,223 | ) |  | $ | (3,168 | ) |  | $ | (2,055 | ) |  |  | 65 | %

The increase in interest expense, net for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the same period in 2023, was primarily due to higher interest rates related to our Revolving Credit Facility and Braidwell Term Loan. The change in other income, net, compared to the same period in 2023, was primarily due to an employee retention credit received during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Income tax provision

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  |  | Change |
(in thousands, except %) |  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | $ |  |  | % |
Income tax (benefit) provision |  | $ | (69 | ) |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | (83 | ) |  |  | (593 | )%

The change in the income tax provision for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the same period in 2023, was primarily related to the recognition of income taxes in several jurisdictions.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our principal sources of liquidity are our existing cash and cash equivalents, our Revolving Credit Facility and cash from operations. Our liquidity and capital structure are evaluated regularly within the context of our annual operating and strategic planning process. We consider the liquidity necessary to fund our operations, which includes working capital needs, investments in research and development, investments in inventory and instrument sets to support our customers, as well as other operating costs. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors including our rate of revenue growth, the timing and extent of spending to support development efforts, the expansion of sales, marketing and administrative activities, the timing of introductions of new products and enhancements to existing products, and the international expansions of our business.

As current borrowing sources become due, we may be required to access the capital markets for additional funding. If we are required to access the debt markets, we expect to be able to secure reasonable borrowing rates. As part of our liquidity strategy, we will continue to monitor our current level of spending and cash use as well as our ability to secure additional credit facilities, term loans, or other similar arrangements in light of our spending levels and general financial market conditions.

A substantial portion of our operations are in the United States ("U.S."), and most of our net sales have been made in the U.S. Accordingly, we do not have material exposures to foreign currency rate fluctuations from operations. However, as our business in markets outside of the U.S. continues to increase, we will be exposed to foreign currency exchange risk related to our foreign operations.

We do not have any material financial exposure to one customer or one country that would significantly hinder our liquidity. We are and may become involved in various legal proceedings arising from our business activities. While we have no material, undisclosed accruals for pending litigation or claims, litigation is inherently unpredictable, and depending on the nature and timing of a proceeding, an unfavorable resolution could materially affect our future consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial position in a particular period. We assess contingencies to determine the degree of probability and range of possible loss for potential accrual or disclosure in our condensed consolidated financial statements. An estimated loss contingency is accrued in our condensed consolidated financial statements if it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Assessing contingencies is highly subjective and requires judgments about future events because litigation is inherently unpredictable, and unfavorable resolutions could occur. When evaluating contingencies, we may be unable to provide a meaningful estimate due to a number of factors, including the procedural status of the matter in question, the presence of complex or novel legal theories, and/or the ongoing discovery and development of information important to the matters. In addition, damage amounts claimed in litigation against us may be unsupported, exaggerated, or unrelated to reasonably possible outcomes, and as such are not meaningful indicators of our potential liability. We have disclosed all material accruals for pending litigation or investigations in Note 9, Commitments and Contingencies, in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

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Cash and cash equivalents were $144.1 million and $221.0 million at March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, respectively. We believe that our existing funds, cash generated from our operations and our existing sources of and access to financing are adequate to satisfy our needs for working capital, capital expenditure and debt service requirements, and other business initiatives we plan to strategically pursue.

Summary of Cash Flows

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
(in thousands) |  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Cash (used in) provided by: |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating activities |  | $ | (38,438 | ) |  | $ | (18,324 | )
Investing activities |  |  | (33,618 | ) |  |  | (16,816 | )
Financing activities |  |  | (4,370 | ) |  |  | 67,110 |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash |  |  | (459 | ) |  |  | 32 |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | (76,885 | ) |  | $ | 32,002 |

Operating Activities

We used cash of $38.4 million from operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024, which is primarily related to inventory purchases to support the commercial launch of new products and the growth of our business, offset by the timing of cash payments and receipts.

Investing Activities

We used cash of $33.6 million in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024, which is primarily related to the purchase of surgical instruments to support the commercial launch of new products and the growth of our business.

Financing Activities

We used cash of $4.4 million in financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024, which is primarily related to cash paid for net tax withholdings associated with common stock exercises.

Debt and Commitments

As of March 31, 2024, we had $150.0 million outstanding under the Braidwell Term Loan. The outstanding loans under the Braidwell Term Loan bear interest at the sum of Term SOFR plus 5.75% per annum. The Braidwell Term Loan matures on January 6, 2028.

As of March 31, 2024, we had $50.0 million outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility. The outstanding loans under the Revolving Credit Facility bear interest at the sum of Term SOFR plus 3.5% per annum. The Revolving Credit Facility matures on the earlier of September 29, 2027, or 90 days prior to the final maturity date of any of our 2026 Notes.

As of March 31, 2024, we had $316.3 million outstanding under the 2026 Notes. The 2026 Notes accrue interest at a rate of 0.75%, payable semi-annually in arrears on February 1 and August 1 of each year. Prior to maturity in August 2026, the holders of the 2026 Notes may, under certain circumstances, choose to convert their notes into shares of our common stock. Based on the terms we have the option to pay or deliver cash, shares of our common stock, or a combination thereof, when a conversion notice is received.

As of March 31, 2024, we had $4.2 million in other debts that are due in monthly and quarterly installments through maturity in 2027.

We have an inventory purchase commitment agreement with a third-party supplier, where we are obligated to meet certain minimum purchase commitment requirements through December 2026. As of March 31, 2024, the remaining minimum purchase commitment under the agreement was $12.5 million.

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Contractual obligations and commercial commitments

As of March 31, 2024, there have been no material changes, outside the normal course of business, in our outstanding contractual obligations from those disclosed within the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Aside from the changes disclosed in Note 1 to the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) under the heading “Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements,” if any, there have been no new accounting pronouncements or changes to accounting pronouncements during the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared to the recent accounting pronouncements described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, that was filed with the SEC.

Forward Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q incorporates a number of forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), including statements regarding:

•
our estimates regarding anticipated operating losses, future revenue, expenses, capital requirements, uses and sources of cash and liquidity, including our anticipated revenue growth and cost savings;
•
our ability to achieve profitability, and the potential need to raise additional funding;
•
our ability to ensure that we have effective disclosure controls and procedures;
•
our ability to meet, and potential liability from not meeting, any outstanding commitments and contractual obligations;
•
our ability to maintain compliance with the quality requirements of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and similar foreign regulatory requirements;
•
our ability to market, improve, grow, commercialize and achieve market acceptance of any of our products or any product candidates that we are developing or may develop in the future;
•
our ability to continue to enhance our product offerings, and to commercialize and achieve market acceptance of any of our products or product candidates;
•
the effect of any existing or future federal, state or international regulations on our ability to effectively conduct our business;
•
our business strategy and our underlying assumptions about market data, demographic trends, reimbursement trends and pricing trends;
•
our ability to maintain an adequate global sales network for our products, including to attract and retain independent sales agents and direct sales representatives;
•
our ability to increase the use and promotion of our products by training and educating spine surgeons and our global sales network;
•
our ability to attract and retain a qualified management team, as well as other qualified personnel and advisors;
•
our ability to enter into licensing and business combination agreements with third parties and to successfully integrate the acquired technology and/or businesses;
•
the impact of global economic and political conditions and public health crises on our business and industry; and
•
other factors discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 or any document incorporated by reference herein or therein.

Any or all of our forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may turn out to be wrong. They can be affected by inaccurate assumptions and/or by known or unknown risks and uncertainties. Many factors mentioned in our discussion in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q will be important in determining future results. Consequently, no forward-looking statement can be guaranteed. Actual future results may vary materially from expected results.

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We also provide a cautionary discussion of risks and uncertainties under “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, and any updates to those risk factors filed from time to time in our subsequent periodic and current reports filed with the SEC. These are factors that we think could cause our actual results to differ materially from expected results. Other factors besides those listed there could also adversely affect us.

Without limiting the foregoing, the words “believe,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “expect,” “estimate,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “seek,” “intend,” “continue,” “project,” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. There are a number of factors and uncertainties that could cause actual events or results to differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements, many of which are beyond our control, including the factors set forth under “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 and any updates to those risk factors filed from time to time in our subsequent periodic and current reports filed with the SEC. In addition, the forward-looking statements contained herein represent our estimate only as of the date of this filing and should not be relied upon as representing our estimate as of any subsequent date. While we may elect to update these forward-looking statements at some point in the future, we specifically disclaim any obligation to do so to reflect actual results, changes in assumptions or changes in other factors affecting such forward-looking statements.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We have evaluated the information required under this item that was disclosed under Item 7A in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, and there have been no significant changes to this information.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time lines specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and in reaching a reasonable level of assurance, management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, we carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in SEC Rules 13a - 15(e) and 15d - 15(e)) as of March 31, 2024. Based on such evaluation, our management has concluded that as of March 31, 2024, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we implemented a new Enterprise Resource Planning ("ERP") system. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, there have been no changes, including any changes related to the implementation of the ERP system, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Our process for evaluating controls and procedures is continuous and encompasses constant improvement of the design and effectiveness of established controls and procedures.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

For a description of our material legal proceedings, refer to Note 9 of our Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes to the risk factors described under Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on February 27, 2024.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Date Issued | Number of Shares | Grant Date Fair Value per Share (4) |
January 2, 2024 | 17,500(1) | $ | 14.85 |
January 5, 2024 | 6,250(2) | $ | 13.74 |
January 15, 2024 | 123,333(2) | $ | 14.94 |
February 7, 2024 | 614(3) | $ | 16.30 |
February 9, 2024 | 4,167(2) | $ | 16.78 |
March 14, 2024 | 30,180(3) | $ | 13.35 |

(1) Consulting services rendered to the Company.

(2) Pursuant to Development Services Agreements for the development of products and intellectual property.

(3) Independent sales agent services rendered to the Company.

(4) Based on the market price of common stock on the issuance date.

The issuances of the foregoing securities were made in reliance on the exemption from registration provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, as there was no general solicitation and the transactions did not involve a public offering.

Item 5. Other Information

During the quarter ended March 31, 2024, none of our directors or executive officers adopted, modified or terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of our securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c).

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Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit |  | Number Exhibit Description
31.1 |  | Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2 |  | Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32 |  | Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101 |  | The following materials from the Alphatec Holdings, Inc. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2024, formatted in iXBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) for the Three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited) for the Three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ (Deficit) Equity (Unaudited) for the Three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, (v) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, and (vi) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101.INS)

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

| ALPHATEC HOLDINGS, INC.
| By: | /s/ Patrick S. Miles
|  | Patrick S. Miles
|  | Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
|  | (principal executive officer)
| By: | /s/ J. Todd Koning
|  | J. Todd Koning
|  | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
|  | (principal financial officer and principal accounting officer)

Date: May 7, 2024

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