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Income Taxes
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes

9. Income Taxes

The effective income tax rates were 23.7% and 26.6% for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The difference between our federal statutory and effective income tax rates is principally due to the inclusion of state taxes, non-deductible compensation and an excess tax expense, partially offset by the use of federal employment tax credits.

The effective income tax rates were 25.4% and 24.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the difference between our federal statutory and effective income tax rates was principally due to the inclusion of state taxes, non-deductible compensation, and excess tax expense, partially offset by the use of federal employment tax credits. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the effective tax rates were inclusive of an excess tax expense of 0.8% and an excess tax benefit of 2.1%, respectively. The excess tax expense or benefit is a discrete item, related to the vesting of equity shares, which requires the Company to recognize the expense or benefit fully in the period. An excess tax expense results if the Company’s cumulative costs of the award recognized exceed the income tax deduction on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income, whereas an excess tax benefit results if the Company’s cumulative costs of the award recognized are less than the income tax deduction on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.