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FORM 10-Q
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
___________________
☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2020
OR
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Transition Period from _______ to _______
Commission File Number 0-17071
FIRST MERCHANTS CORP ORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Indiana 35-1544218
(State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization) Identification No.)
200 East Jackson Street, Muncie, IN 47305-2814
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip code)
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code): (765) 747-1500
Not Applicable
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year,
if changed since last report)

Title of Each Class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.125 stated value per share | FRME | Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every interactive data file required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer | ☒ | Accelerated Filer | ☐ | Non-Accelerated Filer | ☐
Smaller Reporting Company | ☐ | Emerging Growth Company | ☐ |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of May 4, 2020, there were 54,115,879 outstanding common shares of the registrant.
1

Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FIRST MERCHANTS CORPORATION

|  | Page No.
Glossary of Defined Terms | 3
Part I. Financial Information |
Item 1. | Financial Statements: |
| Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets | 4
| Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income | 5
| Consolidated Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income | 6
| Consolidated Condensed Statements of Stockholders' Equity | 7
| Consolidated Condensed Statements of Cash Flows | 8
| Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements | 9
Item 2. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 37
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 52
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 53
Part II. Other Information |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 54
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 54
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 55
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 55
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 55
Item 5. | Other Information | 55
Item 6. | Exhibits | 56
Signatures | 57

2

Table of Contents
GLOSSARY OF DEFINED TERMS
FIRST MERCHANTS CORPORATION

ASC | Accounting Standards Codification
ASU | Accounting Standards Update
Bank | First Merchants Bank, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Corporation
CARES Act | Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act
CET1 | Common Equity Tier 1
CMT | Constant Maturity Treasury
Corporation | First Merchants Corporation
COVID-19 | 2019 novel coronavirus disease, which was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020.
ESPP | Employee Stock Purchase Plan
FASB | Financial Accounting Standards Board
FDIC | Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Federal Reserve | Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
FHLB | Federal Home Loan Bank
FOMC | Federal Open Market Committee, the monetary policymaking body of the Federal Reserve System.
FTE | Fully taxable equivalent
GAAP | Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
MBT | MBT Financial Corp., which was acquired by the Corporation on September 1, 2019
OREO | Other real estate owned
RSA | Restricted Stock Awards
TEFRA | Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act

3

Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS

| March 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
| (Unaudited) |
ASSETS |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 127,731 |  |  | $ | 177,201 |
Interest-bearing time deposits | 132,944 |  |  | 118,263 |
Investment securities available for sale | 1,815,775 |  |  | 1,790,025 |
Investment securities held to maturity (fair value of $920,178 and $827,566) | 882,179 |  |  | 806,038 |
Loans held for sale | 5,039 |  |  | 9,037 |
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses of $99,454 and $80,284 | 8,507,395 |  |  | 8,379,026 |
Premises and equipment | 114,045 |  |  | 113,055 |
Federal Home Loan Bank stock | 28,736 |  |  | 28,736 |
Interest receivable | 47,489 |  |  | 48,901 |
Goodwill | 543,918 |  |  | 543,918 |
Other intangibles | 33,448 |  |  | 34,962 |
Cash surrender value of life insurance | 289,574 |  |  | 288,206 |
Other real estate owned | 7,972 |  |  | 7,527 |
Tax asset, deferred and receivable | 9,497 |  |  | 12,165 |
Other assets | 147,776 |  |  | 100,194 |
TOTAL ASSETS | $ | 12,693,518 |  |  | $ | 12,457,254 |
LIABILITIES |  |  |
Deposits: |  |  |
Noninterest-bearing | $ | 1,688,205 |  |  | $ | 1,736,396 |
Interest-bearing | 8,182,279 |  |  | 8,103,560 |
Total Deposits | 9,870,484 |  |  | 9,839,956 |
Borrowings: |  |  |
Federal funds purchased | 47,000 |  |  | 55,000 |
Securities sold under repurchase agreements | 183,317 |  |  | 187,946 |
Federal Home Loan Bank advances | 480,995 |  |  | 351,072 |
Subordinated debentures and term loans | 128,741 |  |  | 138,685 |
Total Borrowings | 840,053 |  |  | 732,703 |
Interest payable | 7,746 |  |  | 6,754 |
Other liabilities | 197,275 |  |  | 91,404 |
Total Liabilities | 10,915,558 |  |  | 10,670,817 |
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |  |  |
Cumulative Preferred Stock, $1,000 par value, $1,000 liquidation value: |  |  |
Authorized - 600 shares |  |  |
Issued and outstanding - 125 shares | 125 |  |  | 125 |
Common Stock, $.125 stated value: |  |  |
Authorized - 100,000,000 shares |  |  |
Issued and outstanding - 53,754,137 and 55,368,482 shares | 6,719 |  |  | 6,921 |
Additional paid-in capital | 1,000,942 |  |  | 1,054,997 |
Retained earnings | 716,518 |  |  | 696,520 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income | 53,656 |  |  | 27,874 |
Total Stockholders' Equity | 1,777,960 |  |  | 1,786,437 |
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY | $ | 12,693,518 |  |  | $ | 12,457,254 |

See NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
4

Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Unaudited)

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
INTEREST INCOME |  |  |
Loans receivable: |  |  |
Taxable | $ | 96,652 |  |  | $ | 90,481 |
Tax exempt | 5,315 |  |  | 4,153 |
Investment securities: |  |  |
Taxable | 7,631 |  |  | 6,095 |
Tax exempt | 9,335 |  |  | 6,871 |
Deposits with financial institutions | 575 |  |  | 875 |
Federal Home Loan Bank stock | 299 |  |  | 338 |
Total Interest Income | 119,807 |  |  | 108,813 |
INTEREST EXPENSE |  |  |
Deposits | 21,748 |  |  | 19,594 |
Federal funds purchased | 111 |  |  | 93 |
Securities sold under repurchase agreements | 352 |  |  | 330 |
Federal Home Loan Bank advances | 1,774 |  |  | 1,814 |
Subordinated debentures and term loans | 1,945 |  |  | 2,116 |
Total Interest Expense | 25,930 |  |  | 23,947 |
NET INTEREST INCOME | 93,877 |  |  | 84,866 |
Provision for loan losses | 19,752 |  |  | 1,200 |
NET INTEREST INCOME AFTER PROVISION FOR LOAN LOSSES | 74,125 |  |  | 83,666 |
OTHER INCOME |  |  |
Service charges on deposit accounts | 5,970 |  |  | 5,095 |
Fiduciary and wealth management fees | 5,985 |  |  | 3,818 |
Card payment fees | 5,907 |  |  | 4,826 |
Net gains and fees on sales of loans | 3,363 |  |  | 1,295 |
Derivative hedge fees | 1,939 |  |  | 781 |
Other customer fees | 398 |  |  | 439 |
Increase in cash surrender value of life insurance | 1,360 |  |  | 989 |
Net realized gains on sales of available for sale securities | 4,612 |  |  | 1,140 |
Other income | 265 |  |  | 330 |
Total Other Income | 29,799 |  |  | 18,713 |
OTHER EXPENSES |  |  |
Salaries and employee benefits | 39,243 |  |  | 33,028 |
Net occupancy | 5,801 |  |  | 5,027 |
Equipment | 4,344 |  |  | 3,642 |
Marketing | 1,443 |  |  | 1,074 |
Outside data processing fees | 4,199 |  |  | 3,684 |
Printing and office supplies | 387 |  |  | 315 |
Intangible asset amortization | 1,514 |  |  | 1,528 |
FDIC assessments | 1,523 |  |  | 707 |
Other real estate owned and foreclosure expenses | 505 |  |  | 1,165 |
Professional and other outside services | 2,258 |  |  | 1,884 |
Other expenses | 4,954 |  |  | 4,567 |
Total Other Expenses | 66,171 |  |  | 56,621 |
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAX | 37,753 |  |  | 45,758 |
Income tax expense | 3,490 |  |  | 6,941 |
NET INCOME AVAILABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS | $ | 34,263 |  |  | $ | 38,817 |
Per Share Data: |  |  |
Basic Net Income Available to Common Stockholders | $ | 0.63 |  |  | $ | 0.79 |
Diluted Net Income Available to Common Stockholders | $ | 0.62 |  |  | $ | 0.78 |
Cash Dividends Paid | $ | 0.26 |  |  | $ | 0.22 |
Average Diluted Shares Outstanding (in thousands) | 54,918 |  |  | 49,541 |

See NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
5

Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Unaudited)

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
Net income | $ | 34,263 |  |  | $ | 38,817 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: |  |  |
Unrealized holding gain (loss) on securities available for sale arising during the period, net of tax of $8,071 and $5,580 | 30,364 |  |  | 20,990 |
Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges arising during the period, net of tax of $276 and $82 | (1,038 | ) |  | (309 | )
Reclassification adjustment for net gains included in net income, net of tax of $943 and $227 | (3,544 | ) |  | (854 | )
Total other comprehensive income, net of tax | 25,782 |  |  | 19,827 |
Comprehensive income | $ | 60,045 |  |  | $ | 58,644 |

See NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
6

Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Unaudited)

| Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
| Preferred |  | Common Stock |  | Additional |  |  |  | Accumulated Other |  |
| Shares |  | Amount |  | Shares |  | Amount |  | Paid in Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Comprehensive Income |  | Total
Balances, December 31, 2019 | 125 |  |  | $ | 125 |  |  | 55,368,482 |  |  | $ | 6,921 |  |  | $ | 1,054,997 |  |  | $ | 696,520 |  |  | $ | 27,874 |  |  | $ | 1,786,437 |
Comprehensive income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 34,263 |  |  | — |  |  | 34,263 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 25,782 |  |  | 25,782 |
Cash dividends on common stock ($.26 per share) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (14,265 | ) |  | — |  |  | (14,265 | )
Repurchases of common stock | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,634,437 | ) |  | (204 | ) |  | (55,708 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (55,912 | )
Share-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,332 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,220 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,220 |
Stock issued under dividend reinvestment and stock purchase plan | — |  |  | — |  |  | 15,710 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 426 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 428 |
Stock options exercised | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,050 |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |
Balances, March 31, 2020 | 125 |  |  | $ | 125 |  |  | 53,754,137 |  |  | $ | 6,719 |  |  | $ | 1,000,942 |  |  | $ | 716,518 |  |  | $ | 53,656 |  |  | $ | 1,777,960 |

| Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
| Preferred |  | Common Stock |  | Additional |  |  |  | Accumulated Other |  |
| Shares |  | Amount |  | Shares |  | Amount |  | Paid in Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Comprehensive Loss |  | Total
Balances, December 31, 2018 | 125 |  |  | $ | 125 |  |  | 49,349,800 |  |  | $ | 6,169 |  |  | $ | 840,052 |  |  | $ | 583,336 |  |  | $ | (21,422 | ) |  | $ | 1,408,260 |
Comprehensive income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 38,817 |  |  | — |  |  | 38,817 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 19,827 |  |  | 19,827 |
Cash dividends on common stock ($.22 per share) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (10,933 | ) |  | — |  |  | (10,933 | )
Share-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | 103,660 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 968 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 981 |
Stock issued under employee benefit plans | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,339 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 173 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 174 |
Stock issued under dividend reinvestment and stock purchase plan | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,508 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 339 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 340 |
Stock options exercised | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,700 |  |  | — |  |  | 40 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 40 |
Restricted shares withheld for taxes | — |  |  | — |  |  | (42,539 | ) |  | (5 | ) |  | (1,653 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,658 | )
Balances, March 31, 2019 | 125 |  |  | $ | 125 |  |  | 49,428,468 |  |  | $ | 6,179 |  |  | $ | 839,919 |  |  | $ | 611,220 |  |  | $ | (1,595 | ) |  | $ | 1,455,848 |

See NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.

7

Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited)

| Three Months Ended
| March 31, 2020 |  | March 31, 2019
Cash Flow From Operating Activities: |  |  |
Net income | $ | 34,263 |  |  | $ | 38,817 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Provision for loan losses | 19,752 |  |  | 1,200 |
Depreciation and amortization | 2,674 |  |  | 2,209 |
Change in deferred taxes | (7,662 | ) |  | 740 |
Share-based compensation | 1,220 |  |  | 981 |
Loans originated for sale | (163,378 | ) |  | (67,596 | )
Proceeds from sales of loans held for sale | 170,307 |  |  | 69,940 |
Gains on sales of loans held for sale | (2,931 | ) |  | (896 | )
Gains on sales of securities available for sale | (4,612 | ) |  | (1,140 | )
Increase in cash surrender of life insurance | (1,360 | ) |  | (989 | )
Change in interest receivable | 1,412 |  |  | (50 | )
Change in interest payable | 992 |  |  | 1,706 |
Other adjustments | 20,816 |  |  | 7,019 |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 71,493 |  |  | 51,941 |
Cash Flows from Investing Activities: |  |  |
Net change in interest-bearing deposits | (14,681 | ) |  | (33,709 | )
Purchases of: |  |  |
Securities available for sale | (87,499 | ) |  | (125,523 | )
Securities held to maturity | (126,759 | ) |  | (138,857 | )
Proceeds from sales of securities available for sale | 96,558 |  |  | 34,107 |
Proceeds from maturities of: |  |  |
Securities available for sale | 45,621 |  |  | 25,904 |
Securities held to maturity | 49,912 |  |  | 13,879 |
Net change in loans | (148,882 | ) |  | (75,963 | )
Proceeds from the sale of other real estate owned | 303 |  |  | 288 |
Other adjustments | (3,672 | ) |  | (954 | )
Net cash used in investing activities | (189,099 | ) |  | (300,828 | )
Cash Flows from Financing Activities: |  |  |
Net change in : |  |  |
Demand and savings deposits | 109,276 |  |  | 171,543 |
Certificates of deposit and other time deposits | (78,748 | ) |  | 121,662 |
Borrowings | 180,060 |  |  | 295,060 |
Repayment of borrowings | (72,710 | ) |  | (350,710 | )
Cash dividends on common stock | (14,265 | ) |  | (10,933 | )
Stock issued under employee benefit plans | — |  |  | 174 |
Stock issued under dividend reinvestment and stock purchase plans | 428 |  |  | 340 |
Stock options exercised | 7 |  |  | 40 |
Restricted shares withheld for taxes | — |  |  | (1,658 | )
Repurchase of common stock | (55,912 | ) |  | — |
Net cash provided by financing activities | 68,136 |  |  | 225,518 |
Net Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents | (49,470 | ) |  | (23,369 | )
Cash and Cash Equivalents, January 1 | 177,201 |  |  | 139,247 |
Cash and Cash Equivalents, March 31 | $ | 127,731 |  |  | $ | 115,878 |
Additional cash flow information: |  |  |
Interest paid | $ | 24,938 |  |  | $ | 22,241 |
Loans transferred to other real estate owned | 761 |  |  | 260 |
Fixed assets transferred to other real estate owned | — |  |  | 302 |
Non-cash investing activities using trade date accounting | 44,362 |  |  | 14,579 |
ROU assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities | 79 |  |  | 23,324 |

See NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
8

Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)
NOTE 1
GENERAL
Financial Statement Preparation
The significant accounting policies followed by the Corporation and its wholly-owned subsidiaries for interim financial reporting are consistent with the accounting policies followed for annual financial reporting. All adjustments, which are of a normal recurring nature and are in the opinion of management necessary for a fair statement of the results for the periods reported, have been included in the accompanying Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements.
The Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheet of the Corporation as of December 31, 2019, has been derived from the audited consolidated balance sheet of the Corporation as of that date. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the Corporation’s annual financial statements, prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, have been condensed or omitted. These consolidated condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2020, are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year. Reclassifications have been made to prior financial statements to conform to the current financial statement presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on net income. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses and fair value of financial instruments. The uncertainties related to the coronavirus disease 2019 ("COVID-19") could cause significant changes to these estimates compared to what was known at the time these financial statements were prepared.
Impact of COVID-19
On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (“WHO”) announced that the outbreak of COVID-19 constituted a public health emergency of international concern. On March 11, 2020, WHO declared COVID-19 to be a global pandemic and, on March 13, 2020, the President of the United States declared the COVID-19 outbreak a national emergency. The health concerns relating to the COVID-19 outbreak and related governmental actions taken to reduce the spread of the virus have significantly impacted the global economy (including the states and local economies in which the Corporation operates), disrupted supply chains, lowered equity market valuations, and created significant volatility and disruption in financial markets. The outbreak has resulted in authorities implementing numerous measures to try to contain the virus, such as travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, shelter in place or total lock-down orders and business limitations and shutdowns. Such measures have significantly contributed to rising unemployment and negatively impacted consumer and business spending. As a result, the demand for the Corporation’s products and services has been, and will continue to be, significantly impacted.
Recent Accounting Changes Adopted in 2020
FASB Accounting Standards Updates No. 2018-15 - Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract
Summary - The FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2018-15, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract, which reduces complexity for the accounting for costs of implementing a cloud computing service arrangement. This standard aligns the accounting for implementation costs of hosting arrangements, regardless of whether they convey a license to the hosted software. The ASU aligns the following requirements for capitalizing implementation costs:

• | Those incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract, and

• | Those incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license).

For calendar-year public companies, the changes were effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2019. The Corporation adopted the standard in the first quarter of 2020 and adoption of the standard did not have a significant effect on the Corporation’s consolidated financial statements.
FASB Accounting Standards Updates No. 2018-14 - Compensation - Retirement Benefits - Defined Benefit Plans - General (Subtopic 715-20): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans
Summary - The FASB issued ASU No. 2018-14, Compensation - Retirement Benefits - Defined Benefit Plans - General (Subtopic 715-20): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans, that applies to all employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other postretirement plans. The amendments modify the disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other postretirement plans.
Disclosure Requirements Deleted

• | The amounts in accumulated other comprehensive income expected to be recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost over the next fiscal year.

• | The amount and timing of plan assets expected to be returned to the employer.

• | Related party disclosures about the amount of future annual benefits covered by insurance and annuity contracts and significant transactions between the employer or related parties and the plan.

• | For public entities, the effects of a one-percentage-point change in assumed health care cost trend rates on the (a) aggregate of the service and interest cost components of net periodic benefit costs and (b) benefit obligation for postretirement health care benefits.

9

Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)
Disclosure Requirements Added

• | An explanation of the reasons for significant gains and losses related to changes in the benefit obligation for the period.

The amendments also clarify the disclosure requirements in paragraph 715-20-50-3, which state that the following information for defined benefit pension plans should be disclosed:

• | The projected benefit obligation (PBO) and fair value of plan assets for plans with PBOs in excess of plan assets, and

• | The accumulated benefit obligation (ABO) and fair value of plan assets for plans with ABOs in excess of plan assets.

ASU No. 2018-14 is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020, for public business entities and for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2021, for all other entities. Early adoption is permitted for all entities. The Corporation adopted the standard in the first quarter of 2020 and adoption of the standard did not have a significant effect on the Corporation’s disclosures.
FASB Accounting Standards Updates No. 2018-13 - Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement
Summary - The FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. ASU No. 2018-13 modifies the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements in Topic 820. Certain disclosure requirements related to transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy and Level 3 valuation process were removed from Topic 820. Disclosures were also added to Topic 820 for changes in unrealized gains and losses for the period included in other comprehensive income for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements held at the end of the reporting period and the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements.
In addition, the amendments eliminate "at a minimum" from the phrase “an entity shall disclose at a minimum” to promote the appropriate exercise of discretion by entities when considering fair value measurement disclosures and to clarify that materiality is an appropriate consideration of entities and their auditors when evaluating disclosure requirements.
The amendments in ASU No. 2018-13 were effective for all entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. The amendments on changes in unrealized gains and losses, the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements, and the narrative description of measurement uncertainty were applied prospectively for only the most recent interim or annual period presented in the initial fiscal year of adoption. All other amendments were applied retrospectively to all periods presented upon their effective date. Early adoption was permitted. An entity was permitted to early adopt any removed or modified disclosures upon issuance of ASU No. 2018-13 and delay adoption of the additional disclosures until their effective date. The Corporation adopted the standard in the first quarter of 2020 and adoption of the standard did not have a significant effect on the Corporation’s disclosures.
FASB Accounting Standards Updates No. 2017-04 - Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment.
Summary - The FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill, which simplifies how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment. To simplify the subsequent measurement of goodwill, the ASU eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. The annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test is performed by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An impairment charge should be recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. In addition, the income tax effects of tax deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of the reporting unit should be considered when measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable. The amendments also eliminate the requirements for any reporting unit with a zero or negative carrying amount to perform Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test. An entity still has the option to perform the qualitative assessment for a reporting unit to determine if the qualitative impairment test is necessary.
The amendments were applied on a prospective basis. The Corporation adopted ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill, in the first quarter of 2020 and accordingly assessed the recent economic impact and market conditions from the COVID-19 pandemic. Based upon factors considered in the assessment and the general uncertainty as to the full extent of the COVID-19 pandemic and its effect on economic recovery, the Corporation has determined that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of the Corporation is less than the carrying value. Therefore, the Corporation concluded goodwill was not impaired at March 31, 2020, the details of which are included in NOTE 6. GOODWILL of these Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements.
Guidance on Non-TDR Loan Modifications due to COVID-19
On March 22, 2020, a statement was issued by the Bank's banking regulators and titled the “Interagency Statement on Loan Modifications and Reporting for Financial Institutions Working with Customers Affected by the Coronavirus” that encourages financial institutions to work prudently with borrowers who are or may be unable to meet their contractual payment obligations due to the effects of COVID-19. Additionally, Section 4013 of the CARES Act further provides that a qualified loan modification is exempt by law from classification as a TDR as defined by GAAP, from the period beginning March 1, 2020 until the earlier of December 31, 2020 or the date that is 60 days after the date on which the national emergency concerning the COVID-19 outbreak under the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.) terminates. Accordingly, the Bank is offering short-term modifications made in response to COVID-19 to borrowers who are current and otherwise not past due. These include short-term, 180 days or less, modifications in the form of payment deferrals, fee waivers, extensions of repayment terms, or other delays in payment that are insignificant. The modifications completed in the three months ended March 31, 2020 were immaterial.
10

Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)
New Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
The Corporation continually monitors potential accounting changes and pronouncements. The following pronouncements have been deemed to have the most applicability to the Corporation's financial statements:
FASB Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments
Summary - The FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. This new guidance was issued to address concerns that current generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) restricts the ability to record credit losses that are expected, but do not yet meet the “probable” threshold by replacing the current “incurred loss” model for recognizing credit losses with an “expected life of loan loss” model referred to as the Current Expected Credit Loss (CECL) model.
Under the CECL model, certain financial assets carried at amortized cost, such as loans held for investment and held-to-maturity debt securities, are required to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. The measurement of expected credit losses is to be based on information about past events, including historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount. This measurement will take place at the time the financial asset is first added to the balance sheet and periodically thereafter. This differs significantly from the “incurred loss” model required under current GAAP, which delays recognition until it is probable a loss has been incurred. The change could materially affect how the allowance for loan losses is determined and cause a charge/credit to earnings through the provision for loan losses. Such could create volatility in earnings and could adversely affect the financial condition of the Corporation.
The ASU is effective for SEC filers for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Pursuant to the CARES Act and the related joint statement of federal banking regulators (which also became effective as of March 27, 2020), and consistent with guidance from the SEC and FASB, the Corporation has elected to delay implementation of ASU No. 2016-13, which would have become effective for the Corporation as of January 1, 2020. As discussed above, ASU No. 2016-13 provides for the replacement of the incurred loss model for recording the allowance for loan losses with CECL. However, as a result of the Corporation’s election, its first quarter 2020 financial statements have been prepared under the existing incurred loss model. The temporary relief applicable to the Corporation’s compliance with CECL ends on the earlier of: (1) the termination date of the national emergency concerning the COVID-19 outbreak, declared by the President of the United States on March 13, 2020, under the National Emergencies Act; or (2) December 31, 2020.
The Corporation has developed models that satisfy the requirements of the new standard which will be governed by a system of internal controls and a cross-functional working group consisting of accounting, finance, and credit administration personnel. The loan portfolio was pooled into ten loan segments with similar risk characteristics for which the probability of default/loss given default methodology will be applied. The Corporation intends to utilize a one-year economic forecast period then revert to historical macroeconomic levels for the remaining life of the portfolio. A baseline macroeconomic scenario, along with three other scenarios, will be used to develop a range of estimated credit losses for which to determine the best estimate within.
The Corporation will record a one-time cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings, net of income taxes, on the consolidated balance sheet as of the beginning of the adoption period, or January 1, 2020. The allowance will increase by 55-65 percent from December 31, 2019 because it will cover expected credit losses over the life of the loan portfolio, which approximates four years, and it includes all purchased loans that were previously excluded from the allowance for loan losses calculation. CECL also requires the establishment of a reserve for potential losses from unfunded commitments that is recorded in other liabilities, separate from allowance for credit losses, which is estimated to be approximately $18 million.
FASB Accounting Standards Update No. 2019-11 - Codification Improvements to (Topic 326): Financial Instruments - Credit Losses
Summary - The FASB issued ASU No. 2019-11, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses in order to address issues raised by stakeholders during the implementation of ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses of Financial Instruments.
Among other narrow-scope improvements, the new ASU clarifies guidance around how to report expected recoveries. “Expected recoveries” describes a situation in which an organization recognizes a full or partial write-off of the amortized cost basis of a financial asset, but then later determines that the amount written off, or a portion of that amount, will in fact be recovered. While applying the credit losses standard, stakeholders questioned whether expected recoveries were permitted on assets that had already shown credit deterioration at the time of purchase (also known as PCD assets). In response to this question, the ASU permits organizations to record expected recoveries on PCD assets. In addition to other narrow technical improvements, the ASU also reinforces existing guidance that prohibits organizations from recording negative allowances for available-for-sale debt securities.
The ASU includes effective dates and transition requirements that vary depending on whether or not an entity has already adopted ASU No. 2016-13. As discussed above, pursuant to the CARES Act, the Corporation elected to defer the adoption of CECL. The temporary relief applicable to the Corporation’s compliance with CECL ends on the earlier of: (1) the termination date of the national emergency concerning the COVID-19 outbreak, declared by the President of the United States on March 13, 2020, under the National Emergencies Act; or (2) December 31, 2020.
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Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)
FASB Accounting Standards Updates - No. 2020-04 - Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting
Summary - The FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04 to provide temporary optional guidance to ease the potential burden in accounting for reference rate reform. LIBOR and other interbank offered rates are widely used benchmarks or reference rates in the United States and globally. Trillions of dollars in loans, derivatives, and other financial contracts reference LIBOR, the benchmark interest rate banks use to make short-term loans to each other. With global capital markets expected to move away from LIBOR and other interbank offered rates toward rates that are more observable or transaction based and less susceptible to manipulation, the FASB launched a broad project in late 2018 to address potential accounting challenges expected to arise from the transition. The new guidance provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles to contract modifications and hedging relationships, subject to meeting certain criteria, that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued. The ASU is intended to help stakeholders during the global market-wide reference rate transition period.
Entities may apply this ASU as of the beginning of an interim period that includes the March 12, 2020 issuance date of the ASU, through December 31, 2022. The Corporation expects to adopt the practical expedients included in the ASU prior to December 31, 2022. The Corporation is implementing a transition plan to identify and modify its loans and other financial instruments with attributes that are either directly or indirectly influenced by LIBOR. The Corporation is assessing ASU 2020-04 and its impact on the Corporation's transition away from LIBOR for its loans and other financial instruments.
NOTE 2
ACQUISITION
MBT Financial Corp.
On September 1, 2019, the Corporation acquired 100 percent of MBT. MBT, a Michigan corporation, merged with and into the Corporation, whereupon the separate corporate existence of MBT ceased and the Corporation survived. Immediately following the merger, MBT's wholly-owned subsidiary, Monroe Bank & Trust, merged with and into the Bank, with the Bank continuing as the surviving bank.
MBT was headquartered in Monroe, Michigan and had 20 banking centers serving the Monroe market. Pursuant to the merger agreement, each MBT shareholder received 0.275 shares of the Corporation's common stock for each outstanding share of MBT common stock held. The Corporation issued approximately 6.4 million shares of common stock, which was valued at approximately $229.9 million. The Corporation engaged in this transaction with the expectation that it would be accretive to income and add a new market area in Michigan that has a demographic profile consistent with many of the current Indiana and Ohio markets served by the Bank. Goodwill resulted from this transaction due to the expected synergies and economies of scale.
Under the acquisition method of accounting, the total purchase price is allocated to net tangible and intangible assets based on their current estimated fair values on the date of the acquisition. Based on preliminary valuations of the fair value of tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, which are based on assumptions that are subject to change based on the timing of the transaction, the purchase price for the MBT acquisition is detailed in the following table. If, prior to the end of the one-year measurement period for finalizing the purchase price allocation, information becomes available about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date, which would indicate adjustments are required to the purchase price allocation, such adjustments will be included in the purchase price allocation retrospectively.

|  | Fair Value
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 10,222 |
Interest-bearing time deposits |  | 281,228 |
Investment securities |  | 212,235 |
Loans |  | 732,578 |
Premises and equipment |  | 21,664 |
Federal Home Loan Bank stock |  | 4,148 |
Interest receivable |  | 3,361 |
Cash surrender value of life insurance |  | 59,545 |
Tax asset, deferred and receivable |  | 5,205 |
Other assets |  | 6,011 |
Deposits |  | (1,105,926 | )
Securities sold under repurchase agreements |  | (94,760 | )
Federal Home Loan Bank advances |  | (10,853 | )
Other liabilities |  | (9,807 | )
Net tangible assets acquired |  | 114,851 |
Core deposit intangible |  | 16,527 |
Goodwill |  | 98,563 |
Purchase price |  | $ | 229,941 |

Of the total purchase price, $16,527,000 was allocated to a core deposit intangible, which will be amortized over its estimated life of 10 years. The remaining purchase price was allocated to goodwill, which is not deductible for tax purposes.
12

Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)
Acquired loan data for MBT is included in the following table:

| Fair Value of Acquired Loans at Acquisition Date |  | Gross Contractual Amounts Receivable at Acquisition Date |  | Best Estimate at Acquisition Date of Contractual Cash Flows Not Expected to be Collected
Acquired receivables subject to ASC 310-30 | $ | 3,531 |  |  | $ | 6,840 |  |  | $ | 2,733 |
Acquired receivables not subject to ASC 310-30 | $ | 729,047 |  |  | $ | 907,210 |  |  | $ | 14,722 |

Purchased loans with evidence of credit deterioration since origination and for which it is probable at the date of acquisition that the acquirer will not collect all contractually required principal and interest payments are accounted for under ASC 310-30, Loans Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality. The difference between contractually required payments and the cash flows expected to be collected at acquisition is referred to as the nonaccretable difference. The accretable portion of the fair value discount or premium is the difference between the expected cash flows and the net present value of expected cash flows, with such difference accreted into earnings over the term of the loans.
Pro Forma Financial Information
The results of operations of MBT have been included in the Corporation's consolidated financial statements since the acquisition date. The following table includes pro forma results for the year ended December 31, 2019 as if the MBT acquisition occurred as of the beginning of the period presented.

|  | 2019
Total revenue (net interest income plus other income) |  | $ | 474,891 |
Net income available to common shareholders |  | $ | 161,228 |
Earnings per share: |  |
Basic |  | $ | 2.89 |
Diluted |  | $ | 2.88 |

The pro forma information includes adjustments for interest income on loans and investments, interest expense on deposits and borrowings, premises expense for banking centers acquired and amortization of intangibles arising from the transaction and the related income tax effects. The pro forma information for the year ended December 31, 2019 includes operating revenue from MBT of $19.7 million since the date of acquisition. Additionally $19.7 million, net of tax, of non-recurring expenses directly attributable to the MBT acquisition were included in the year ended December 31, 2019 pro forma information.
The pro forma information is presented for informational purposes only and is not indicative of the results of operations that actually would have been achieved had the acquisition been consummated as of that time, or intended to be a projection of future results.
NOTE 3
INVESTMENT SECURITIES
The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses and approximate market value of the Corporation's investment securities at the dates indicated were:

| Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
Available for sale at March 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury | $ | 596 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 600 |
U.S. Government-sponsored agency securities | 12,398 |  |  | 80 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,478 |
State and municipal | 898,991 |  |  | 50,523 |  |  | 306 |  |  | 949,208 |
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities | 820,263 |  |  | 33,296 |  |  | 101 |  |  | 853,458 |
Corporate obligations | 31 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 31 |
Total available for sale | 1,732,279 |  |  | 83,903 |  |  | 407 |  |  | 1,815,775 |
Held to maturity at March 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government-sponsored agency securities | 35,050 |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | 35,058 |
State and municipal | 358,479 |  |  | 18,030 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 376,481 |
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities | 487,150 |  |  | 19,989 |  |  | — |  |  | 507,139 |
Foreign investment | 1,500 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,500 |
Total held to maturity | 882,179 |  |  | 38,027 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 920,178 |
Total Investment Securities | $ | 2,614,458 |  |  | $ | 121,930 |  |  | $ | 435 |  |  | $ | 2,735,953 |

13

Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)

| Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
Available for sale at December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government-sponsored agency securities | $ | 38,529 |  |  | $ | 346 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 38,875 |
State and municipal | 859,511 |  |  | 41,092 |  |  | 807 |  |  | 899,796 |
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities | 842,349 |  |  | 10,378 |  |  | 1,404 |  |  | 851,323 |
Corporate obligations | 31 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 31 |
Total available for sale | 1,740,420 |  |  | 51,816 |  |  | 2,211 |  |  | 1,790,025 |
Held to maturity at December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government-sponsored agency securities | 15,619 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 15,583 |
State and municipal | 354,115 |  |  | 15,151 |  |  | 107 |  |  | 369,159 |
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities | 434,804 |  |  | 6,921 |  |  | 401 |  |  | 441,324 |
Foreign investment | 1,500 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,500 |
Total held to maturity | 806,038 |  |  | 22,073 |  |  | 545 |  |  | 827,566 |
Total Investment Securities | $ | 2,546,458 |  |  | $ | 73,889 |  |  | $ | 2,756 |  |  | $ | 2,617,591 |

The increase in unrealized gains from December 31, 2019 to March 31, 2020 is primarily due to interest rate declines. The longer term points on the yield curve have declined since year-end which increases the fair value of securities in the portfolio.
The amortized cost and fair value of available for sale and held to maturity securities at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

| Available for Sale |  | Held to Maturity
| Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value |  | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value
Maturity Distribution at March 31,2020: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Due in one year or less | $ | 1,945 |  |  | $ | 1,965 |  |  | $ | 8,740 |  |  | $ | 8,762 |
Due after one through five years | 4,800 |  |  | 4,932 |  |  | 33,393 |  |  | 33,947 |
Due after five through ten years | 47,807 |  |  | 49,833 |  |  | 107,482 |  |  | 111,986 |
Due after ten years | 857,464 |  |  | 905,587 |  |  | 245,414 |  |  | 258,344 |
| 912,016 |  |  | 962,317 |  |  | 395,029 |  |  | 413,039 |
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities | 820,263 |  |  | 853,458 |  |  | 487,150 |  |  | 507,139 |
Total Investment Securities | $ | 1,732,279 |  |  | $ | 1,815,775 |  |  | $ | 882,179 |  |  | $ | 920,178 |

| Available for Sale |  | Held to Maturity
| Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value |  | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value
Maturity Distribution at December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Due in one year or less | $ | 1,134 |  |  | $ | 1,136 |  |  | $ | 9,920 |  |  | $ | 10,105 |
Due after one through five years | 5,031 |  |  | 5,141 |  |  | 45,197 |  |  | 45,654 |
Due after five through ten years | 74,745 |  |  | 76,920 |  |  | 84,153 |  |  | 88,844 |
Due after ten years | 817,161 |  |  | 855,505 |  |  | 231,964 |  |  | 241,639 |
| 898,071 |  |  | 938,702 |  |  | 371,234 |  |  | 386,242 |
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities | 842,349 |  |  | 851,323 |  |  | 434,804 |  |  | 441,324 |
Total Investment Securities | $ | 1,740,420 |  |  | $ | 1,790,025 |  |  | $ | 806,038 |  |  | $ | 827,566 |

The carrying value of securities pledged as collateral, to secure borrowings and for other purposes, was $576,123,000 at March 31, 2020, and $503,427,000 at December 31, 2019.
The book value of securities sold under agreements to repurchase amounted to $174,705,000 at March 31, 2020, and $182,856,000 at December 31, 2019.
Gross gains on the sales and redemptions of available for sale securities for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 are shown below.

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
Sales and Redemptions of Available for Sale Securities: |  |  |
Gross gains | $ | 4,612 |  |  | $ | 1,140 |
Gross losses | — |  |  | — |

14

Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)
The following tables show the Corporation’s gross unrealized losses and fair value, aggregated by investment category and length of time the individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at March 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019:

| Less than 12 Months |  | 12 Months or Longer |  | Total
| Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses
Temporarily Impaired Available for Sale Securities at March 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
State and municipal | $ | 34,304 |  |  | $ | 306 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 34,304 |  |  | $ | 306 |
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities | 17,011 |  |  | 101 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 17,011 |  |  | 101 |
Total Temporarily Impaired Available for Sale Securities | 51,315 |  |  | 407 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 51,315 |  |  | 407 |
Temporarily Impaired Held to Maturity Securities at March 31,2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
State and municipal | 6,815 |  |  | 28 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,815 |  |  | 28 |
Total Temporarily Impaired Held to Maturity Securities | 6,815 |  |  | 28 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,815 |  |  | 28 |
Total Temporarily Impaired Investment Securities | $ | 58,130 |  |  | $ | 435 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 58,130 |  |  | $ | 435 |

| Less than 12 Months |  | 12 Months or Longer |  | Total
| Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses
Temporarily Impaired Available for Sale Securities at December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
State and municipal | $ | 76,273 |  |  | $ | 807 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 76,273 |  |  | $ | 807 |
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities | 127,673 |  |  | 1,326 |  |  | 20,796 |  |  | 78 |  |  | 148,469 |  |  | 1,404 |
Total Temporarily Impaired Available for Sale Securities | 203,946 |  |  | 2,133 |  |  | 20,796 |  |  | 78 |  |  | 224,742 |  |  | 2,211 |
Temporarily Impaired Held to Maturity Securities at December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government-sponsored agency securities | 3,016 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 12,467 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 15,483 |  |  | 37 |
State and municipal | 22,947 |  |  | 107 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 22,947 |  |  | 107 |
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities | 124,253 |  |  | 364 |  |  | 7,991 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 132,244 |  |  | 401 |
Total Temporarily Impaired Held to Maturity Securities | 150,216 |  |  | 475 |  |  | 20,458 |  |  | 70 |  |  | 170,674 |  |  | 545 |
Total Temporarily Impaired Investment Securities | $ | 354,162 |  |  | $ | 2,608 |  |  | $ | 41,254 |  |  | $ | 148 |  |  | $ | 395,416 |  |  | $ | 2,756 |

Certain investments in debt and equity securities are reported in the financial statements at an amount less than their historical cost as indicated in the table below.

| March 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Investments reported at less than historical cost: |  |  |
Historical cost | $ | 58,565 |  |  | $ | 398,172 |
Fair value | 58,130 |  |  | 395,416 |
Gross unrealized losses | $ | 435 |  |  | $ | 2,756 |
Percent of the Corporation's investment portfolio | 2.2 | % |  | 15.2 | %

The Corporation's management believes the decline in fair value for these securities was temporary. Should the impairment of any of these securities become other-than-temporary, the cost basis of the investment will be reduced and the resulting loss recognized in net income during the period the other-than-temporary-impairment ("OTTI") is identified. The Corporation’s management has evaluated all securities with unrealized losses for OTTI and concluded no OTTI existed at March 31, 2020.
In determining the fair value of the investment securities portfolio, the Corporation utilizes a third party for portfolio accounting services, including market value input, for those securities classified as Level 1 and Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. The Corporation has obtained an understanding of what inputs are being used by the vendor in pricing the portfolio and how the vendor classified these securities based upon these inputs. From these discussions, the Corporation’s management is comfortable that the classifications are proper. The Corporation has gained trust in the data for two reasons: (a) independent spot testing of the data is conducted by the Corporation through obtaining market quotes from various brokers on a periodic basis; and (b) actual gains or loss resulting from the sale of certain securities has proven the data to be accurate over time. Fair value of securities classified as Level 3 in the valuation hierarchy was determined using a discounted cash flow model that incorporated market estimates of interest rates and volatility in markets that have not been active.
15

Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)
State and Municipal Securities
The unrealized losses on the Corporation's investments in securities of state and political subdivisions were caused by interest rate changes. The contractual terms of those investments do not permit the issuer to settle the securities at a price less than the amortized cost basis of the investments. Because the Corporation does not intend to sell the investments and it is not more likely than not that the Corporation will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be maturity, the Corporation does not consider those investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired at March 31, 2020. The state and municipal securities portfolio contains unrealized losses of $306,000 on seventeen securities and $28,000 on four securities in the available for sale and held to maturity portfolios, respectively. At March 31, 2020, the Corporation had little to no exposure to municipal bonds related to entertainment receipts, student housing, parking facilities, airports, nursing homes or public transit.
U.S. Government-Sponsored Mortgage-Backed Securities
The unrealized losses on the Corporation's investment in mortgage-backed securities were a result of interest rate changes. The Corporation expects to recover the amortized cost basis over the term of the securities. Because the decline in market value is attributable to changes in interest rates and not credit quality, and because the Corporation does not intend to sell the investments and it is not more likely than not that the Corporation will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be maturity, the Corporation does not consider those investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired at March 31, 2020. The mortgage-backed securities portfolio contains unrealized losses of $101,000 on three securities in the available for sale portfolio and no unrealized losses in the held to maturity portfolio. All these securities are issued by a U.S. government-sponsored entity and have an implicit or explicit government guarantee. The slowing of prepayments and the forbearance programs resulting from the financial impacts of COVID-19 could increase bond duration and potentially improve market values on these securities.
NOTE 4
LOANS AND ALLOWANCE
The Corporation’s primary lending focus is small business and middle market commercial, commercial real estate and residential real estate, which results in portfolio diversification. The following tables show the composition of the loan portfolio, the allowance for loan losses and credit quality characteristics by collateral classification, excluding loans held for sale. Loans held for sale as of March 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019, were $5,039,000 and $9,037,000, respectively.
The following table illustrates the composition of the Corporation’s loan portfolio by loan class for the periods indicated:

| March 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Commercial and industrial loans | $ | 2,199,226 |  |  | $ | 2,109,879 |
Agricultural production financing and other loans to farmers | 87,421 |  |  | 93,861 |
Real estate loans: |  |  |
Construction | 643,674 |  |  | 787,568 |
Commercial and farmland | 3,268,168 |  |  | 3,052,698 |
Residential | 1,121,556 |  |  | 1,143,217 |
Home equity | 570,398 |  |  | 588,984 |
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures | 129,765 |  |  | 135,989 |
Public finance and other commercial loans | 586,641 |  |  | 547,114 |
Loans | 8,606,849 |  |  | 8,459,310 |
Allowance for loan losses | (99,454 | ) |  | (80,284 | )
Net Loans | $ | 8,507,395 |  |  | $ | 8,379,026 |

Allowance, Credit Quality and Loan Portfolio
The original implementation date of the Current Expected Credit Loss (CECL) model for calculating the Allowance for Credit Losses guided by FASB Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit losses on Financial Instruments was January 1, 2020. Pursuant to the CARES Act and the related joint statement of federal banking regulators (which also became effective as of March 27, 2020), and consistent with guidance from the SEC and FASB, the Corporation has elected to delay implementation of ASU No. 2016-13. As discussed below, ASU No. 2016-13, provides for the replacement of the incurred loss model for recording the allowance for loan losses with CECL. However, as a result of the Corporation’s election, its first quarter 2020 financial statements have been prepared under the existing incurred loss model. The temporary relief applicable to the Corporation’s compliance with CECL ends on the earlier of: (1) the termination date of the national emergency concerning the COVID-19 outbreak, declared by the President of the United States on March 13, 2020, under the National Emergencies Act; or (2) December 31, 2020.
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Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)
The Corporation maintains an allowance for loan losses to cover probable credit losses identified during its loan review process. Management believes the allowance for loan losses is adequate to cover probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio at March 31, 2020. The process for determining the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses is critical to the Corporation’s financial results. It requires management to make difficult, subjective and complex judgments to estimate the effect of uncertain matters. The allowance for loan losses considers current factors, including economic conditions and ongoing internal and external examinations, and will increase or decrease as deemed necessary to ensure it remains adequate. In addition, the allowance as a percentage of charge-offs and nonperforming loans will change at different points in time based on credit performance, portfolio mix and collateral values.
The allowance for loan losses is maintained through the provision for loan losses, which is a charge against earnings. The allowance is increased by provision expense and decreased by charge-offs less recoveries. All charge-offs are approved by the Bank's senior credit officers and in accordance with established policies. The Bank charges off a loan when a determination is made that all or a portion of the loan is uncollectable. The amount provided for loan losses in a given period may be greater than or less than net loan losses experienced during the period, and is based on management’s judgment as to the appropriate level of the allowance for loan losses. The determination of the provision amount is based on management’s ongoing review and evaluation of the loan portfolio, including an internally administered loan "watch" list and independent loan reviews. The evaluation takes into consideration identified credit problems, the possibility of losses inherent in the loan portfolio that are not specifically identified and management’s judgment as to the impact of the current environment and economic conditions on the portfolio.
The allowance consists of specific impairment reserves as required by ASC 310-10-35, a component for historical losses in accordance with ASC 450 and the consideration of current environmental factors in accordance with ASC 450. A loan is deemed impaired when, based on current information or events, it is probable that all amounts due of principal and interest according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement will not be collected.
The historical loss allocation for loans not deemed impaired according to ASC 450 is the product of the volume of loans within the non-impaired criticized and non-criticized risk grade classifications, each segmented by call code, and the historical loss factor for each respective classification and call code segment. The historical loss factors are based upon actual loss experience within each risk and call code classification. The historical look back period for non-criticized loans looks to the most recent rolling-four-quarter average and aligns with the look back period for non-impaired criticized loans. Each of the rolling four quarter periods used to obtain the average, include all charge-offs for the previous twelve-month period, therefore the historical look back period includes seven quarters. The resulting allocation is reflective of current conditions. Criticized loans are grouped based on the risk grade assigned to the loan. Loans with a special mention grade but not impaired are assigned a loss factor, and loans with a classified grade but not impaired are assigned a separate loss factor. The loss factor computation for this allocation includes a segmented historical loss migration analysis of risk grades to charge-off.
In addition to the specific reserves and historical loss components of the allowance, consideration is given to various environmental factors to ensure that losses inherent in the portfolio are reflected in the allowance for loan losses. The environmental component adjusts the historical loss allocations for non-impaired loans to reflect relevant current conditions that, in management's opinion, have an impact on loss recognition. Environmental factors that management reviews in the analysis include: national and local economic trends and conditions; trends in growth in the loan portfolio and growth in higher risk areas; levels of, and trends in, delinquencies and non-accruals; experience and depth of lending management and staff; adequacy of, and adherence to, lending policies and procedures including those for underwriting; industry concentrations of credit; and adequacy of risk identification systems and controls through the internal loan review and internal audit processes.
In conformance with ASC 805 and ASC 820, purchased loans are recorded at the acquisition date fair value. Such loans are included in the allowance to the extent a specific impairment is identified that exceeds the fair value adjustment on an impaired loan or the historical loss and environmental factor analysis indicates losses inherent in a purchased portfolio exceeds the fair value adjustment on the portion of the purchased portfolio not deemed impaired.
17

Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)
The following tables summarize changes in the allowance for loan losses by loan segment for the three ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019:

| Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
| Commercial |  | Commercial Real Estate |  | Consumer |  | Residential |  | Total
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balances, December 31, 2019 | $ | 32,902 |  |  | $ | 28,778 |  |  | $ | 4,035 |  |  | $ | 14,569 |  |  | $ | 80,284 |
Provision for losses | 5,701 |  |  | 9,194 |  |  | 1,924 |  |  | 2,933 |  |  | 19,752 |
Recoveries on loans | 443 |  |  | 118 |  |  | 42 |  |  | 70 |  |  | 673 |
Loans charged off | (615 | ) |  | (183 | ) |  | (249 | ) |  | (208 | ) |  | (1,255 | )
Balances, March 31, 2020 | $ | 38,431 |  |  | $ | 37,907 |  |  | $ | 5,752 |  |  | $ | 17,364 |  |  | $ | 99,454 |

| Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
| Commercial |  | Commercial Real Estate |  | Consumer |  | Residential |  | Total
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balances, December 31, 2018 | $ | 32,657 |  |  | $ | 29,609 |  |  | $ | 3,964 |  |  | $ | 14,322 |  |  | $ | 80,552 |
Provision for losses | 236 |  |  | 769 |  |  | 105 |  |  | 90 |  |  | 1,200 |
Recoveries on loans | 542 |  |  | 245 |  |  | 118 |  |  | 100 |  |  | 1,005 |
Loans charged off | (366 | ) |  | (1,189 | ) |  | (161 | ) |  | (139 | ) |  | (1,855 | )
Balances, March 31, 2019 | $ | 33,069 |  |  | $ | 29,434 |  |  | $ | 4,026 |  |  | $ | 14,373 |  |  | $ | 80,902 |

The increase in the allowance as a percentage of loans was primarily due to an increase in the qualitative factor for economic conditions to account for the impending impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Governmental actions taken to reduce the spread of the virus have significantly contributed to rising unemployment and negatively impacted consumer and business spending. Therefore, the allowance for loan losses was increased to cover probable and incurred credit losses as a result of the economic downturn.
The tables below show the Corporation’s allowance for loan losses and loan portfolio by loan segment as of the periods indicated.

| March 31, 2020
| Commercial |  | Commercial Real Estate |  | Consumer |  | Residential |  | Total
Allowance Balances: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | — |  |  | $ | 150 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 466 |  |  | $ | 616 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | 38,431 |  |  | 37,757 |  |  | 5,752 |  |  | 16,898 |  |  | 98,838 |
Total Allowance for Loan Losses | $ | 38,431 |  |  | $ | 37,907 |  |  | $ | 5,752 |  |  | $ | 17,364 |  |  | $ | 99,454 |
Loan Balances: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 905 |  |  | $ | 9,282 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 2,623 |  |  | $ | 12,813 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | 2,870,855 |  |  | 3,895,221 |  |  | 129,762 |  |  | 1,687,612 |  |  | 8,583,450 |
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality | 1,528 |  |  | 7,339 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,719 |  |  | 10,586 |
Loans | $ | 2,873,288 |  |  | $ | 3,911,842 |  |  | $ | 129,765 |  |  | $ | 1,691,954 |  |  | $ | 8,606,849 |

| December 31, 2019
| Commercial |  | Commercial Real Estate |  | Consumer |  | Residential |  | Total
Allowance Balances: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | — |  |  | $ | 231 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 458 |  |  | $ | 689 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | 32,902 |  |  | 28,547 |  |  | 4,035 |  |  | 14,111 |  |  | 79,595 |
Total Allowance for Loan Losses | $ | 32,902 |  |  | $ | 28,778 |  |  | $ | 4,035 |  |  | $ | 14,569 |  |  | $ | 80,284 |
Loan Balances: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 457 |  |  | $ | 8,728 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 2,520 |  |  | $ | 11,709 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | 2,748,681 |  |  | 3,821,660 |  |  | 135,985 |  |  | 1,727,966 |  |  | 8,434,292 |
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality | 1,716 |  |  | 9,878 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,715 |  |  | 13,309 |
Loans | $ | 2,750,854 |  |  | $ | 3,840,266 |  |  | $ | 135,989 |  |  | $ | 1,732,201 |  |  | $ | 8,459,310 |

Loans individually evaluated for impairment are comprised of commercial and consumer loans deemed impaired in accordance with ASC 310-10. This includes loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality totaling $2,697,000 with $124,000 of related allowance for loan losses at March 31, 2020 and $2,819,000 with $124,000 related allowance for loan losses at December 31, 2019.
18

Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)
The risk characteristics of the Corporation’s material portfolio segments are as follows:
Commercial
Commercial lending is primarily based on the identified cash flows of the borrower and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. The cash flows of borrowers, however, may not be as expected and the collateral securing these loans may fluctuate in value. Most commercial loans are secured by the tangible assets being financed such as equipment or real estate or other business assets such as accounts receivable or inventory and may incorporate a personal guarantee. Other loans may be unsecured, secured but under-collateralized or otherwise made on the basis of the enterprise value of an organization. In the case of loans secured by accounts receivable, the availability of funds for the repayment of these loans may be substantially dependent on the ability of the borrower to collect amounts due from its customers.
Commercial real estate
These loans are viewed primarily as cash flow loans and secondarily as loans secured by real estate. Commercial real estate lending typically involves higher loan principal amounts and the repayment of these loans is generally dependent on the successful operation of the property securing the loan or the business conducted on the property securing the loan. Commercial real estate loans may be more adversely affected by conditions in the real estate markets or in the general economy. Management monitors and evaluates commercial real estate loans based on collateral and risk grade criteria. In addition, management tracks the level of owner-occupied commercial real estate loans versus non-owner occupied loans.
Consumer and Residential
With respect to residential loans that are secured by 1-4 family residences and are typically owner occupied, the Corporation generally establishes a maximum loan-to-value ratio and requires private mortgage insurance if that ratio is exceeded. Home equity loans are secured by a subordinate interest in 1-4 family residences, and consumer loans are secured by consumer assets such as automobiles or recreational vehicles. Some consumer loans are unsecured such as small installment loans and certain lines of credit. Repayment of these loans is primarily dependent on the personal income and credit rating of the borrowers, which can be impacted by economic conditions in their market areas such as unemployment levels. Repayment on loans secured by 1-4 family residences can be impacted by changes in property values. Risk is mitigated by the fact that the loans are of smaller individual amounts and spread over a large number of borrowers.
Loans are reclassified to a non-accruing status when, in management’s judgment, the collateral value and financial condition of the borrower do not justify accruing i n terest. When the interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed against earnings when considered uncollectable. Payments subsequently received on non-accrual loans are applied to principal. A loan is returned to accrual status when principal and interest are no longer past due and collectability is probable, typically after a minimum of six consecutive months of performance. Payments received on impaired accruing or delinquent loans are applied to interest income as accrued.
The following table summarizes the Corporation’s non-accrual loans by loan class as of the periods indicated:

| March 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Commercial and industrial loans | $ | 1,759 |  |  | $ | 1,255 |
Agriculture production financing and other loans to farmers | — |  |  | 183 |
Real estate loans: |  |  |
Construction | 1,094 |  |  | 977 |
Commercial and farmland | 6,995 |  |  | 7,007 |
Residential | 4,332 |  |  | 5,062 |
Home equity | 1,409 |  |  | 1,421 |
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures | 60 |  |  | 44 |
Total | $ | 15,649 |  |  | $ | 15,949 |

Impaired loans include loans deemed impaired according to the guidance set forth in ASC 310-10. Commercial loans under $500,000 and consumer loans, with the exception of troubled debt restructures, are not individually evaluated for impairment.
Allowable methods for determining the amount of impairment include estimating fair value using the fair value of the collateral for collateral dependent loans. If the impaired loan is identified as collateral dependent, then the fair value method for measuring the amount of impairment is utilized. This method requires obtaining a current independent appraisal of the collateral and applying a discount factor, which includes selling costs if applicable, to the value. The fair value of real estate is generally based on appraisals by qualified licensed appraisers. The appraisers typically determine the value of the real estate by utilizing an income or market valuation approach. If an appraisal is not available, the fair value may be determined by using a cash flow analysis. Fair value on other collateral such as business assets is typically ascertained by assessing, either singularly or some combination of, asset appraisals, accounts receivable aging reports, inventory listings and or customer financial statements. Both appraised values and values based on borrower’s financial information are discounted as considered appropriate based on age and quality of the information and current market conditions.
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Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)
The following tables show the composition of the Corporation’s impaired loans, related allowance and interest income recognized while impaired by loan class as of the periods indicated:

| March 31, 2020
| Unpaid Principal Balance |  | Recorded Investment |  | Related Allowance
Impaired loans with no related allowance: |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial loans | $ | 905 |  |  | $ | 905 |  |  | $ | — |
Real estate Loans: |  |  |  |  |
Construction | 1,206 |  |  | 970 |  |  | — |
Commercial and farmland | 8,160 |  |  | 6,403 |  |  | — |
Residential | 76 |  |  | 59 |  |  | — |
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures | 3 |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 10,350 |  |  | $ | 8,340 |  |  | $ | — |
Impaired loans with related allowance: |  |  |  |  |
Real estate Loans: |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and farmland | 2,649 |  |  | 1,909 |  |  | 150 |
Residential | 2,198 |  |  | 2,173 |  |  | 393 |
Home equity | 407 |  |  | 391 |  |  | 73 |
Total | $ | 5,254 |  |  | $ | 4,473 |  |  | $ | 616 |
Total Impaired Loans | $ | 15,604 |  |  | $ | 12,813 |  |  | $ | 616 |

| December 31, 2019
| Unpaid Principal Balance |  | Recorded Investment |  | Related Allowance
Impaired loans with no related allowance: |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial loans | $ | 320 |  |  | $ | 320 |  |  | $ | — |
Agriculture production financing and other loans to farmers | 299 |  |  | 137 |  |  | — |
Real estate Loans: |  |  |  |  |
Construction | 1,206 |  |  | 970 |  |  | — |
Commercial and farmland | 8,037 |  |  | 5,849 |  |  | — |
Residential | 93 |  |  | 76 |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 9,955 |  |  | $ | 7,352 |  |  | $ | — |
Impaired loans with related allowance: |  |  |  |  |
Real estate Loans: |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and farmland | 2,648 |  |  | 1,909 |  |  | 231 |
Residential | 2,070 |  |  | 2,044 |  |  | 383 |
Home equity | 417 |  |  | 400 |  |  | 75 |
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures | 4 |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 5,139 |  |  | $ | 4,357 |  |  | $ | 689 |
Total Impaired Loans | $ | 15,094 |  |  | $ | 11,709 |  |  | $ | 689 |

| Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
| Average Recorded Investment |  | Interest Income Recognized
Impaired loans with no related allowance: |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial loans | $ | 905 |  |  | $ | — |
Real estate Loans: |  |  |
Construction | 1,015 |  |  | — |
Commercial and farmland | 6,852 |  |  | 37 |
Residential | 59 |  |  | 1 |
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures | 3 |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 8,834 |  |  | $ | 38 |
Impaired loans with related allowance: |  |  |
Real estate Loans: |  |  |
Commercial and farmland | 2,400 |  |  | — |
Residential | 2,180 |  |  | 19 |
Home equity | 393 |  |  | 3 |
Total | $ | 4,973 |  |  | $ | 22 |
Total Impaired Loans | $ | 13,807 |  |  | $ | 60 |

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Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)

| Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
| Average Recorded Investment |  | Interest Income Recognized
Impaired loans with no related allowance: |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial loans | $ | 1,641 |  |  | $ | — |
Agriculture production financing and other loans to farmers | 799 |  |  | — |
Real estate Loans: |  |  |
Construction | 8,270 |  |  | — |
Commercial and farmland | 8,999 |  |  | 39 |
Residential | 38 |  |  | 1 |
Home equity | 48 |  |  | — |
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures | 1 |  |  | — |
Public finance and other commercial loans | 353 |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 20,149 |  |  | $ | 40 |
Impaired loans with related allowance: |  |  |
Agriculture production financing and other loans to farmers | 2,150 |  |  | — |
Real estate Loans: |  |  |
Commercial and farmland | 171 |  |  | — |
Residential | 1,884 |  |  | 15 |
Home equity | 356 |  |  | 3 |
Public finance and other commercial loans | 15 |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 4,576 |  |  | $ | 18 |
Total Impaired Loans | $ | 24,725 |  |  | $ | 58 |

Impaired loans in the above tables do not include loans accounted for under ASC 310-30, or any other loan, unless deemed impaired in accordance with ASC 310-10.
As part of the ongoing monitoring of the credit quality of the Corporation's loan portfolio, management tracks certain credit quality indicators including trends related to: (i) the level of criticized commercial loans, (ii) net charge-offs, (iii) non-performing loans, (iv) covenant failures and (v) the general national and local economic conditions.
The Corporation utilizes a risk grading of pass, special mention, substandard, doubtful and loss to assess the overall credit quality of large commercial loans. All large commercial credit grades are reviewed at a minimum of once a year for pass grade loans. Loans with grades below pass are reviewed more frequently depending on the grade. A description of the general characteristics of these grades is as follows:

• | Pass - Loans that are considered to be of acceptable credit quality.

• | Special Mention - Loans which possess some credit deficiency or potential weakness, which deserves close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the Corporation's credit position at some future date. Special mention assets are not adversely classified and do not expose the Corporation to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification. The key distinctions of this category's classification are that it is indicative of an unwarranted level of risk; and weaknesses are considered “potential”, not “defined”, impairments to the primary source of repayment. Examples include businesses that may be suffering from inadequate management, loss of key personnel or significant customer or litigation.

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ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)

• | Substandard - A substandard loan is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Assets so classified have a well-defined weakness that jeopardizes the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Corporation will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Other characteristics may include:

| o | the likelihood that a loan will be paid from the primary source of repayment is uncertain or financial deterioration is underway and very close attention is warranted to ensure that the loan is collected without loss,

| o | the primary source of repayment is gone, and the Corporation is forced to rely on a secondary source of repayment, such as collateral liquidation or guarantees,

| o | loans have a distinct possibility that the Corporation will sustain some loss if deficiencies are not corrected,

| o | unusual courses of action are needed to maintain a high probability of repayment,

| o | the borrower is not generating enough cash flow to repay loan principal; however, it continues to make interest payments,

| o | the Corporation is forced into a subordinated or unsecured position due to flaws in documentation,

| o | loans have been restructured so that payment schedules, terms and collateral represent concessions to the borrower when compared to the normal loan terms,

| o | the Corporation is seriously contemplating foreclosure or legal action due to the apparent deterioration of the loan, and

| o | there is significant deterioration in market conditions to which the borrower is highly vulnerable.

• | Doubtful - Loans that have all of the weaknesses of those classified as Substandard. However, based on currently existing facts, conditions and values, these weaknesses make full collection of principal highly questionable and improbable. Other credit characteristics may include considerable doubt as to the quality of the secondary sources of repayment. The possibility of loss is high, but because of certain important pending factors that may strengthen the loan, loss classification is deferred until the exact status of repayment is known.

• | Loss – Loans that are considered uncollectable and of such little value that continuing to carry them as an asset is not warranted. Loans will be classified as Loss when it is neither practical not desirable to defer writing off or reserving all or a portion of a basically worthless asset, even though partial recovery may be possible at some time in the future.

The following tables summarize the credit quality of the Corporation’s loan portfolio, by loan class for the periods indicated. Consumer non-performing loans include accruing consumer loans 90-days or more delinquent and consumer non-accrual loans. The entire balance of a loan is considered delinquent if the minimum payment contractually required to be made is not received by the specified date. Loans that evidenced deterioration of credit quality since origination and it was probable, at acquisition, that all contractually required payments would not be collected are included in the applicable categories below.

| March 31, 2020
| Commercial Pass |  | Commercial Special Mention |  | Commercial Substandard |  | Commercial Doubtful |  | Commercial Loss |  | Consumer Performing |  | Consumer Non-Performing |  | Total
Commercial and industrial loans | $ | 2,024,943 |  |  | $ | 93,686 |  |  | $ | 80,597 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,199,226 |
Agriculture production financing and other loans to farmers | 70,365 |  |  | 5,962 |  |  | 11,094 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 87,421 |
Real estate Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction | 591,599 |  |  | 20,043 |  |  | 1,466 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 30,449 |  |  | 117 |  |  | 643,674 |
Commercial and farmland | 3,120,084 |  |  | 49,714 |  |  | 96,451 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,919 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,268,168 |
Residential | 200,792 |  |  | 395 |  |  | 6,439 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 909,813 |  |  | 4,117 |  |  | 1,121,556 |
Home equity | 24,273 |  |  | 405 |  |  | 794 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 543,579 |  |  | 1,347 |  |  | 570,398 |
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 129,705 |  |  | 60 |  |  | 129,765 |
Public finance and other commercial loans | 586,207 |  |  | 434 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 586,641 |
Loans | $ | 6,618,263 |  |  | $ | 170,639 |  |  | $ | 196,841 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,615,465 |  |  | $ | 5,641 |  |  | $ | 8,606,849 |

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)

| December 31, 2019
| Commercial Pass |  | Commercial Special Mention |  | Commercial Substandard |  | Commercial Doubtful |  | Commercial Loss |  | Consumer Performing |  | Consumer Non-Performing |  | Total
Commercial and industrial loans | $ | 1,956,985 |  |  | $ | 81,179 |  |  | $ | 71,715 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,109,879 |
Agriculture production financing and other loans to farmers | 78,558 |  |  | 5,626 |  |  | 9,677 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 93,861 |
Real estate Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction | 749,249 |  |  | 1,613 |  |  | 1,634 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 35,072 |  |  | — |  |  | 787,568 |
Commercial and farmland | 2,894,366 |  |  | 57,776 |  |  | 98,575 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,981 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,052,698 |
Residential | 196,710 |  |  | 877 |  |  | 8,075 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 932,743 |  |  | 4,812 |  |  | 1,143,217 |
Home equity | 24,211 |  |  | 257 |  |  | 682 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 562,507 |  |  | 1,327 |  |  | 588,984 |
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 135,944 |  |  | 45 |  |  | 135,989 |
Public finance and other commercial loans | 547,114 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 547,114 |
Loans | $ | 6,447,193 |  |  | $ | 147,328 |  |  | $ | 190,358 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,668,247 |  |  | $ | 6,184 |  |  | $ | 8,459,310 |

At March 31, 2020, loans 30-59 Days Past Due totaled $100,677,000 an increase of $85,994,000 from December 31, 2019. The increase is primarily due to customers negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The modifications for these loans were processed subsequent to the end of the first quarter.
The tables below show a past due aging of the Corporation’s loan portfolio, by loan class, as of March 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019:

| March 31, 2020
| Current |  | 30-59 Days Past Due |  | 60-89 Days Past Due |  | Loans 90 Days or More Past Due And Accruing |  | Non-Accrual |  | Total Past Due & Non-Accrual |  | Total
Commercial and industrial loans | $ | 2,175,423 |  |  | $ | 21,717 |  |  | $ | 119 |  |  | $ | 208 |  |  | $ | 1,759 |  |  | $ | 23,803 |  |  | $ | 2,199,226 |
Agriculture production financing and other loans to farmers | 86,566 |  |  | 855 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 855 |  |  | 87,421 |
Real estate loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction | 622,171 |  |  | 19,542 |  |  | 867 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,094 |  |  | 21,503 |  |  | 643,674 |
Commercial and farmland | 3,204,303 |  |  | 51,516 |  |  | 5,354 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,995 |  |  | 63,865 |  |  | 3,268,168 |
Residential | 1,112,523 |  |  | 4,536 |  |  | 133 |  |  | 32 |  |  | 4,332 |  |  | 9,033 |  |  | 1,121,556 |
Home equity | 566,018 |  |  | 2,191 |  |  | 708 |  |  | 72 |  |  | 1,409 |  |  | 4,380 |  |  | 570,398 |
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures | 129,330 |  |  | 320 |  |  | 55 |  |  | — |  |  | 60 |  |  | 435 |  |  | 129,765 |
Public finance and other commercial loans | 586,641 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 586,641 |
Loans | $ | 8,482,975 |  |  | $ | 100,677 |  |  | $ | 7,236 |  |  | $ | 312 |  |  | $ | 15,649 |  |  | $ | 123,874 |  |  | $ | 8,606,849 |

| December 31, 2019
| Current |  | 30-59 Days Past Due |  | 60-89 Days Past Due |  | Loans 90 Days or More Past Due And Accruing |  | Non-Accrual |  | Total Past Due & Non-Accrual |  | Total
Commercial and industrial loans | $ | 2,105,445 |  |  | $ | 3,039 |  |  | $ | 136 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 1,255 |  |  | $ | 4,434 |  |  | $ | 2,109,879 |
Agriculture production financing and other loans to farmers | 93,678 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 183 |  |  | 183 |  |  | 93,861 |
Real estate loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction | 784,961 |  |  | 1,630 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 977 |  |  | 2,607 |  |  | 787,568 |
Commercial and farmland | 3,043,318 |  |  | 2,324 |  |  | 49 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,007 |  |  | 9,380 |  |  | 3,052,698 |
Residential | 1,133,476 |  |  | 4,290 |  |  | 367 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 5,062 |  |  | 9,741 |  |  | 1,143,217 |
Home equity | 584,023 |  |  | 2,960 |  |  | 538 |  |  | 42 |  |  | 1,421 |  |  | 4,961 |  |  | 588,984 |
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures | 135,399 |  |  | 440 |  |  | 105 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 44 |  |  | 590 |  |  | 135,989 |
Public finance and other commercial loans | 547,114 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 547,114 |
Loans | $ | 8,427,414 |  |  | $ | 14,683 |  |  | $ | 1,195 |  |  | $ | 69 |  |  | $ | 15,949 |  |  | $ | 31,896 |  |  | $ | 8,459,310 |

On occasion, borrowers experience declines in income and cash flow. As a result, these borrowers seek to reduce contractual cash outlays including debt payments. Concurrently, in an effort to preserve and protect its earning assets, specifically troubled loans, the Corporation works to maintain its relationship with certain customers who are experiencing financial difficulty by contractually modifying the borrower's debt agreement with the Corporation. In certain loan restructuring situations, the Corporation may grant a concession to a debtor experiencing financial difficulty, resulting in a troubled debt restructuring. A concession is deemed to be granted when, as a result of the restructuring, the Corporation does not expect to collect all original amounts due, including interest accrued at the original contract rate. If the payment of principal at original maturity is primarily dependent on the value of collateral, the current value of the collateral is considered in determining whether the principal will be repaid.
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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)
On March 22, 2020, a statement was issued by the Bank's banking regulators and titled the “Interagency Statement on Loan Modifications and Reporting for Financial Institutions Working with Customers Affected by the Coronavirus” that encourages financial institutions to work prudently with borrowers who are or may be unable to meet their contractual payment obligations due to the effects of COVID-19. Additionally, Section 4013 of the CARES Act further provides that a qualified loan modification is exempt by law from classification as a TDR as defined by GAAP, from the period beginning March 1, 2020 until the earlier of December 31, 2020 or the date that is 60 days after the date on which the national emergency concerning the COVID-19 outbreak under the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.) terminates. Accordingly, the Bank is offering short-term modifications made in response to COVID-19 to borrowers who are current and otherwise not past due. These include short-term, 180 days or less, modifications in the form of payment deferrals, fee waivers, extensions of repayment terms, or other delays in payment that are insignificant. The modifications completed in the three months ended March 31, 2020 were immaterial.

No troubled debt restructures in the Corporation's loan portfolio occurred in the three months ended March 31, 2020. The following tables summarize troubled debt restructures in the Corporation's loan portfolio that occurred during the periods indicated:

| Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
| Pre-Modification Recorded Balance |  | Post-Modification Recorded Balance |  | Number of Loans
Real estate loans: |  |  |  |  |
Residential | $ | 90 |  |  | $ | 90 |  |  | 1 |
Total | $ | 90 |  |  | $ | 90 |  |  | 1 |

No troubled debt restructures occurred in the period ended March 31, 2020. The following table summarizes the recorded investment of troubled restructures as of March 31, 2019 by modification type, that occurred during the period indicated:

| Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
| Term Modification |  | Rate Modification |  | Combination |  | Total Modification
Real estate loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential | $ | — |  |  | $ | 90 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 90 |
Total | $ | — |  |  | $ | 90 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 90 |

Loans secured by residential real estate made up 100 percent of the post-modification balance of troubled debt restructured loans made in the three months ended March 31, 2019.
The following tables summarize troubled debt restructures that occurred during the twelve months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, that subsequently defaulted during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and remained in default at March 31, 2020. A loan is considered in default if it is 30-days or more past due.

| Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
| Number of Loans |  | Recorded Balance
Real estate loans: |  |  |
Residential | 1 |  |  | $ | 22 |
Total | 1 |  |  | $ | 22 |

| Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
| Number of Loans |  | Recorded Balance
Real estate loans: |  |  |
Residential | 1 |  | $ | 63 |
Total | 1 |  | $ | 63 |

For potential consumer loan restructures, impairment evaluation occurs prior to modification. Any subsequent impairment is typically addressed through the charge-off process, or may be addressed through a specific reserve. Consumer troubled debt loan restructures are generally included in the general historical allowance for loan loss at the post modification balance. Consumer non-accrual and delinquent troubled debt loan restructures are also considered in the calculation of the non-accrual and delinquency trend environmental allowance allocation. Consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings are in process totaled $507,000 and $1,033,000 at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
Commercial troubled debt restructured loans that are risk graded special mention, substandard, doubtful or loss are individually evaluated for impairment under ASC 310. Any resulting specific reserves are included in the allowance for loan losses. Commercial troubled debt loan restructures 30-89 days delinquent are included in the calculation of the delinquency trend environmental allocation in the allowance for loan losses. With the exception of the acquired loans excluded from the allowance for loan losses, all commercial non-impaired loans, including non-accrual and 90-days or more delinquent, are included in the ASC 450 loss estimate.
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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)
NOTE 5
PURCHASED CREDIT IMPAIRED LOANS
Purchased Credit Impaired Loans are included in NOTE 4. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE of these Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements. As described in NOTE 4, purchased loans are recorded at the acquisition date fair value, which could result in a fair value discount or premium. Purchased loans with evidence of credit deterioration since origination and for which it is probable at the date of acquisition that the acquirer will not collect all contractually required principal and interest payments are accounted for under ASC 310-30, Loans Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality. The difference between contractually required payments and the cash flows expected to be collected at acquisition is referred to as the nonaccretable difference. The accretable portion of the fair value discount or premium is the difference between the expected cash flows and the net present value of expected cash flows, with such difference accreted into earnings over the term of the loans.
The carrying amount of Purchased Credit Impaired Loans as of March 31, 2020 was $13.3 million with allowance for loan loss of $124,000. The carrying amount of Purchased Credit Impaired Loans as of December 31, 2019 was $16.1 million with $124,000 of related allowance for loan losses. As customer cash flow expectations improve, nonaccretable yield can be reclassified to accretable yield. The accretable yield, or income expected to be collected, and reclassifications from nonaccretable, are identified in the table below.

| Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
Accretable yield beginning balance | $ | 2,132 |
Additions | — |
Accretion | (385 | )
Reclassification from nonaccretable | 186 |
Disposals | (7 | )
Accretable yield ending balance | $ | 1,926 |

| Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Accretable yield beginning balance | $ | 2,143 |
Additions | — |
Accretion | (580 | )
Reclassification from nonaccretable | 501 |
Disposals | — |
Accretable yield ending balance | $ | 2,064 |

There were no loans acquired during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, for which it was probable that all contractually required payments would not be collected.

NOTE 6
GOODWILL
Goodwill is recorded on the acquisition date of an entity. During the one-year measurement period, the Corporation may record subsequent adjustments to goodwill for provisional amounts recorded at the acquisition date. The MBT acquisition on September, 1, 2019 resulted in $98,563,000 of goodwill, which includes a measurement period adjustment of $719,000. Details regarding the MBT acquisition are discussed in NOTE 2. ACQUISITION of these Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements. There have been no changes in goodwill since December 31, 2019, resulting in a goodwill balance of $543,918,000 as of March 31, 2020.

| 2019
Balance, January 1 | $ | 445,355 |
Goodwill acquired | 97,844 |
Measurement period adjustment | 719 |
Balance, December 31 | $ | 543,918 |

The Corporation adopted ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill, in the first quarter of 2020 and accordingly assessed the recent economic impact and market conditions from the COVID-19 pandemic. Based upon factors considered in the assessment and the general uncertainty as to the full extent of the COVID-19 pandemic and its effect on economic recovery, the Corporation has determined that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of the Corporation is less than the carrying value. Therefore, the Corporation concluded goodwill was not impaired at March 31, 2020.
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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)
NOTE 7
CORE DEPOSIT INTANGIBLES
Core deposit intangibles are recorded on the acquisition date of an entity. During the one-year measurement period, the Corporation may record subsequent adjustments to these intangibles for provisional amounts recorded at the acquisition date. The MBT acquisition on September 1, 2019 resulted in a core deposit intangible of $16,527,000. Details regarding the MBT acquisition are discussed in NOTE 2. ACQUISITION of these Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements.
The carrying basis and accumulated amortization of recognized core deposit intangibles are noted below.

| March 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Gross carrying amount | $ | 102,396 |  |  | $ | 85,869 |
Core deposit intangibles acquired |  |  | 16,527 |
Accumulated amortization | (68,948 | ) |  | (67,434 | )
Total core deposit intangibles | $ | 33,448 |  |  | $ | 34,962 |

The core deposit intangibles are being amortized primarily on an accelerated basis over their estimated useful lives, generally over a period of ten years. Estimated future amortization expense is summarized as follows:

| Amortization Expense
2020 | $ | 4,473 |
2021 | 5,429 |
2022 | 5,027 |
2023 | 4,827 |
2024 | 4,241 |
After 2024 | 9,451 |
| $ | 33,448 |

NOTE 8
DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Risk Management Objective of Using Derivatives
The Corporation is exposed to certain risks arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. The Corporation principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through management of its core business activities. The Corporation manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit risk, primarily by managing the amount, sources, and duration of its assets and liabilities and through the use of derivative financial instruments. Specifically, the Corporation enters into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates. The Corporation’s derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of the Corporation’s known or expected cash payments principally related to certain variable-rate liabilities. The Corporation also has derivatives that are a result of a service the Corporation provides to certain qualifying customers, and, therefore, are not used to manage interest rate risk in the Corporation’s assets or liabilities. The Corporation manages a matched book with respect to its derivative instruments offered as a part of this service to its customers in order to minimize its net risk exposure resulting from such transactions.
Cash Flow Hedges of Interest Rate Risk
The Corporation’s objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to interest expense and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish these objectives, the Corporation primarily uses interest rate swaps and interest rate caps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the payment of fixed amounts to a counterparty in exchange for the Corporation receiving variable payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount. Interest rate caps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable amounts from a counterparty if interest rates rise above the strike rate on the contract in exchange for an up-front premium. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Corporation had four interest rate swaps with a notional amount of $46.0 million that were designated as cash flow hedges.
The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives designated and that qualify as cash flow hedges is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income and is subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings.
During 2020, $26.0 million of the interest rate swaps were used to hedge the variable cash outflows (LIBOR-based) associated with existing trust preferred securities when the outflows converted from a fixed rate to variable rate in September of 2012. In addition, the remaining $20.0 million of interest rate swaps were used to hedge the variable cash outflows (LIBOR-based) associated with two Federal Home Loan Bank advances. During the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, the Corporation did not recognize any ineffectiveness.
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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)
Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on the Corporation's variable-rate liabilities. During the next twelve months, the Corporation expects to reclassify $975,000 from accumulated other comprehensive income to interest expense.
Non-designated Hedges
The Corporation does not use derivatives for trading or speculative purposes. Derivatives not designated as hedges are not speculative and result from a service the Corporation provides to certain customers. The Corporation executes interest rate swaps with commercial banking customers to facilitate their respective risk management strategies. Those interest rate swaps are simultaneously hedged by offsetting interest rate swaps that the Corporation executes with a third party, such that the Corporation minimizes its net risk exposure resulting from such transactions. As the interest rate swaps associated with this program do not meet the strict hedge accounting requirements, changes in the fair value of both the customer swaps and the offsetting swaps are recognized directly in earnings. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the notional amount of customer-facing swaps was approximately $766,919,000 and $692,287,000, respectively. These amounts are offset with third party counterparties, as described above.
Fair Values of Derivative Instruments on the Balance Sheet
The table below presents the fair value of the Corporation’s derivative financial instruments, as well as their classification on the Balance Sheet, as of March 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019.

| Asset Derivatives |  | Liability Derivatives
| March 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019 |  | March 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
| Balance Sheet Location |  | Fair Value |  | Balance Sheet Location |  | Fair Value |  | Balance Sheet Location |  | Fair Value |  | Balance Sheet Location |  | Fair Value
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts | Other Assets |  | $ | — |  |  | Other Assets |  | $ | — |  |  | Other Liabilities |  | $ | 2,633 |  |  | Other Liabilities |  | $ | 1,444 |
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts | Other Assets |  | $ | 78,762 |  |  | Other Assets |  | $ | 27,855 |  |  | Other Liabilities |  | $ | 78,762 |  |  | Other Liabilities |  | $ | 27,855 |

The Corporation's derivative asset and derivative liability relating to interest rate contracts increased $50.9 million and $52.1 million, respectively, from December 31, 2019. The increases are primarily due to a $74.6 million increase in the related outstanding notional balance. Additionally, yield curve rates used for valuation purposes were lower at each term point as of March 31, 2020 compared to December 31, 2019. This was primarily the result of investors seeking the safety of U.S. Treasuries as containment efforts related to the COVID-19 outbreak began to significantly reduce economic activity.
The amount of gain (loss) recognized in other comprehensive income is included in the table below for the periods indicated.

Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships | Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income on Derivative (Effective Portion)
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2020 |  | March 31, 2019
Interest Rate Products | $ | (1,314 | ) |  | $ | (391 | )

Effect of Derivative Instruments on the Income Statement
The Corporation did not recognize any gains or losses from derivative financial instruments in the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.
The amount of gain (loss) reclassified from other comprehensive income into income is included in the table below for the periods indicated.

Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments under FASB ASC 815-10 |  | Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized Income on Derivative |  | Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassed from Other Comprehensive Income into Income (Effective Portion)
|  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 |  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Interest rate contracts |  | Interest Expense |  | $ | (125 | ) |  | $ | (59 | )

27

Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)
The Corporation’s exposure to credit risk occurs because of nonperformance by its counterparties. The counterparties approved by the Corporation are usually financial institutions, which are well capitalized and have credit ratings through Moody’s and/or Standard & Poor’s at or above investment grade. The Corporation’s control of such risk is through quarterly financial reviews, comparing mark-to-market values with policy limitations, credit ratings and collateral pledging.
Credit-risk-related Contingent Features
The Corporation has agreements with certain of its derivative counterparties that contain a provision where if the Corporation fails to maintain its status as a well or adequately capitalized institution, then the Corporation could be required to terminate or fully collateralize all outstanding derivative contracts. Additionally, the Corporation has agreements with certain of its derivative counterparties that contain a provision where if the Corporation defaults on any of its indebtedness, including default where repayment of the indebtedness has not been accelerated by the lender, then the Corporation could also be declared in default on its derivative obligations. As of March 31, 2020, the termination value of derivatives in a net liability position related to these agreements was $81,962,000. As of March 31, 2020, the Corporation has minimum collateral posting thresholds with certain of its derivative counterparties and has posted collateral of $79,575,000. While the Corporation did not breach any of these provisions as of March 31, 2020, if it had, the Corporation could have been required to settle its obligations under the agreements at their termination value.
NOTE 9
DISCLOSURES ABOUT FAIR VALUE OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES
The Corporation used fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. The accounting guidance defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. ASC 820 applies only when other guidance requires or permits assets or liabilities to be measured at fair value; it does not expand the use of fair value in any new circumstances.
As defined in ASC 820, fair value is the price to sell an asset or transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. It represents an exit price at the measurement date. Market participants are buyers and sellers, who are independent, knowledgeable, and willing and able to transact in the principal (or most advantageous) market for the asset or liability being measured. Current market conditions, including imbalances between supply and demand, are considered in determining fair value. The Corporation values its assets and liabilities in the principal market where it sells the particular asset or transfers the liability with the greatest volume and level of activity. In the absence of a principal market, the valuation is based on the most advantageous market for the asset or liability (i.e., the market where the asset could be sold or the liability transferred at a price that maximizes the amount to be received for the asset or minimizes the amount to be paid to transfer the liability).
Valuation inputs refer to the assumptions market participants would use in pricing a given asset or liability. Inputs can be observable or unobservable. Observable inputs are those assumptions which market participants would use in pricing the particular asset or liability. These inputs are based on market data and are obtained from a source independent of the Corporation. Unobservable inputs are assumptions based on the Corporation’s own information or estimate of assumptions used by market participants in pricing the asset or liability. Unobservable inputs are based on the best and most current information available on the measurement date. All inputs, whether observable or unobservable, are ranked in accordance with a prescribed fair value hierarchy which gives the highest ranking to quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest ranking to unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market activity (Level 3). Fair values for assets or liabilities classified as Level 2 are based on one or a combination of the following factors: (i) quoted prices for similar assets; (ii) observable inputs for the asset or liability, such as interest rates or yield curves; or (iii) inputs derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data. The level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Corporation considers an input to be significant if it drives 10 percent or more of the total fair value of a particular asset or liability.
RECURRING MEASUREMENTS
Assets and liabilities are considered to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis if fair value is measured regularly (i.e., daily, weekly, monthly or quarterly). Recurring valuation occurs at a minimum on the measurement date. Assets and liabilities are considered to be measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis if the fair value measurement of the instrument does not necessarily result in a change in the amount recorded on the balance sheet. Generally, nonrecurring valuation is the result of the application of other accounting pronouncements which require assets or liabilities to be assessed for impairment or recorded at the lower of cost or fair value. The fair value of assets or liabilities transferred in or out of Level 3 is measured on the transfer date, with any additional changes in fair value subsequent to the transfer considered to be realized or unrealized gains or losses.
28

Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)
Following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis and recognized in the
accompanying balance sheets, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy.
Investment Securities
Where quoted prices are available in an active market, securities are classified within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. The Corporation currently has no securities classified within Level 1 of the hierarchy. Where significant observable inputs, other than Level 1 quoted prices, are available, securities are classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. Level 2 securities include government-sponsored agency and mortgage-backed securities and state and municipal securities. In certain cases where Level 1 or Level 2 inputs are not available, securities are classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy and include state and municipal, government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities and corporate obligations securities. Level 3 fair value for securities was determined using a discounted cash flow model that incorporated market estimates of interest rates and volatility in markets that have not been active.
Third party vendors compile prices from various sources and may apply such techniques as matrix pricing to determine the value of identical or similar investment securities (Level 2). Matrix pricing is a mathematical technique widely used in the banking industry to value investment securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for specific investment securities but rather relying on the investment securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted investment securities. Any investment security not valued based upon the methods above are considered Level 3.
Interest Rate Derivative Agreements
See information regarding the Corporation’s interest rate derivative products in NOTE 8. DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS of these Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements. The following table presents the fair value measurements of assets and liabilities recognized in the accompanying balance sheets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and the level within the ASC 820 fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements fall at March 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019.

|  |  | Fair Value Measurements Using:
March 31, 2020 | Fair Value |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Available for sale securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury | $ | 600 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 600 |  |  | $ | — |
U.S. Government-sponsored agency securities | 12,478 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,478 |  |  | — |
State and municipal | 949,208 |  |  | — |  |  | 946,714 |  |  | 2,494 |
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities | 853,458 |  |  | — |  |  | 853,454 |  |  | 4 |
Corporate obligations | 31 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 31 |
Interest rate swap asset | 78,762 |  |  | — |  |  | 78,762 |  |  | — |
Interest rate swap liability | 81,395 |  |  | — |  |  | 81,395 |  |  | — |

|  |  | Fair Value Measurements Using:
December 31, 2019 | Fair Value |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Available for sale securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government-sponsored agency securities | $ | 38,875 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 38,875 |  |  | $ | — |
State and municipal | 899,796 |  |  | — |  |  | 896,938 |  |  | 2,858 |
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities | 851,323 |  |  | — |  |  | 851,319 |  |  | 4 |
Corporate obligations | 31 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 31 |
Interest rate swap asset | 27,855 |  |  | — |  |  | 27,855 |  |  | — |
Interest rate swap liability | 29,299 |  |  | — |  |  | 29,299 |  |  | — |

There were no gains or losses included in earnings that were attributable to the changes in unrealized gains or losses related to assets or
liabilities held at March 31, 2020 or December 31, 2019.
29

Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)
Level 3 Reconciliation
The following is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of recurring fair value measurements recognized in the accompanying
balance sheets using significant unobservable Level 3 inputs for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

| Available for Sale Securities
| Three Months Ended
| March 31, 2020 |  | March 31, 2019
Balance at beginning of the period | $ | 2,893 |  |  | $ | 3,328 |
Included in other comprehensive income | (20 | ) |  | 43 |
Principal payments | (344 | ) |  | (435 | )
Ending balance | $ | 2,529 |  |  | $ | 2,936 |

Transfers Between Levels
There were no transfers in or out of Level 3 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

Nonrecurring Measurements
Following is a description of valuation methodologies used for instruments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis and recognized in the accompanying balance sheets, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy for March 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019.

|  |  |  | Fair Value Measurements Using
March 31, 2020 |  | Fair Value |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Impaired loans (collateral dependent) |  | $ | 5,462 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,462 |
Other real estate owned |  | 96 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 96 |

|  |  |  | Fair Value Measurements Using
December 31, 2019 |  | Fair Value |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Impaired loans (collateral dependent) |  | $ | 5,653 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,653 |
Other real estate owned |  | 194 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 194 |

Impaired Loans (collateral dependent)
Loans for which it is probable that the Corporation will not collect all principal and interest due according to contractual terms are measured for impairment. Allowable methods for determining the amount of impairment include estimating fair value of the collateral for collateral dependent loans. If the impaired loan is identified as collateral dependent, then the fair value method of measuring the amount of impairment is utilized. This method requires obtaining a current independent appraisal of the collateral and applying a discount factor to the value. A portion of the allowance for loan losses is allocated to impaired loans if the value of such loans is deemed to be less than the unpaid balance. If these allocations cause the allowance for loan losses to increase, such increase is reported as a component of the provision for loan losses. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectability of the loan is confirmed. During 2019 and 2020, certain impaired loans were partially charged off or re-evaluated. Impaired loans that are collateral dependent are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy when impairment is determined using the fair value method.
Other Real Estate Owned
The fair value for impaired loans and other real estate owned is measured based on the value of the collateral securing those loans or real estate and is determined using several methods. The fair value of real estate is generally determined based on appraisals by qualified licensed appraisers. The appraisers typically determine the value of the real estate by utilizing an income or market valuation approach. If an appraisal is not available, the fair value may be determined by using a discounted cash flow analysis. Fair value on other collateral such as business assets is typically ascertained by assessing, either singularly or some combination of, asset appraisals, accounts receivable aging reports, inventory listings and or customer financial statements. Both appraised values and values based on borrower’s financial information are discounted as considered appropriate based on age and quality of the information and current market conditions.
30

Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)
Unobservable (Level 3) Inputs
The following table presents quantitative information about unobservable inputs used in recurring and nonrecurring Level 3 fair value measurements, other than goodwill, at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

March 31, 2020 | Fair Value |  | Valuation Technique |  | Unobservable Inputs |  | Range (Weighted-Average)
State and municipal securities | $ | 2,494 |  |  | Discounted cash flow |  | Maturity/Call date |  | 1 month to 15 yrs |
|  |  |  |  | US Muni BQ curve |  | A- to BBB- |
|  |  |  |  | Discount rate |  | 1.5% - 4% |
|  |  |  |  | Weighted-average coupon |  | 3.87 | %
Corporate obligations and U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities | $ | 35 |  |  | Discounted cash flow |  | Risk free rate |  | 3 month LIBOR |
|  |  |  |  | plus premium for illiquidity |  | plus 200bps |
|  |  |  |  | Weighted-average coupon |  | — | %
Impaired loans (collateral dependent) | $ | 5,462 |  |  | Collateral based measurements |  | Discount to reflect current market conditions and ultimate collectability |  | 0% - 10% |
|  |  |  |  | Weighted-average discount by loan balance |  | 1 | %
Other real estate owned | $ | 96 |  |  | Appraisals |  | Discount to reflect current market conditions |  | 0% - 72% |
|  |  |  |  | Weighted-average discount of other real estate owned balance |  | 72 | %

December 31, 2019 | Fair Value |  | Valuation Technique |  | Unobservable Inputs |  | Range (Weighted-Average)
State and municipal securities | $ | 2,858 |  |  | Discounted cash flow |  | Maturity/Call date |  | 1 month to 15 yrs |
|  |  |  |  | US Muni BQ curve |  | A- to BBB- |
|  |  |  |  | Discount rate |  | 2% - 5% |
|  |  |  |  | Weighted-average coupon |  | 3.92 | %
Corporate obligations and U.S Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities | $ | 35 |  |  | Discounted cash flow |  | Risk free rate |  | 3 month LIBOR |
|  |  |  |  | plus premium for illiquidity |  | plus 200bps |
|  |  |  |  | Weighted-average coupon |  | — | %
Impaired loans (collateral dependent) | $ | 5,653 |  |  | Collateral based measurements |  | Discount to reflect current market conditions and ultimate collectability |  | 0% - 10% |
|  |  |  |  | Weighted-average discount by loan balance |  | 1 | %
Other real estate owned | $ | 194 |  |  | Appraisals |  | Discount to reflect current market conditions |  | 0% - 37% |
|  |  |  |  | Weighted-average discount of other real estate owned balance |  | 37 | %

The following is a discussion of the sensitivity of significant unobservable inputs, the interrelationships between those inputs and other unobservable inputs used in recurring fair value measurement and how those inputs might magnify or mitigate the effect of changes in the unobservable inputs on the fair value measurement.
State and Municipal Securities, Corporate Obligations and U.S. Government-sponsored Mortgage-Backed Securities
The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Corporation's state and municipal securities, corporate obligations and U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities are premiums for unrated securities and marketability discounts. Significant increases or decreases in either of those inputs in isolation would result in a significantly lower or higher fair value measurement. Generally, changes in either of those inputs will not affect the other input.
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Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The following table presents estimated fair values of the Corporation’s financial instruments and the level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements fall at March 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019.

|  |  | March 31, 2020 |  |
|  |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs
| Carrying Amount |  | (Level 1) |  | (Level 2) |  | (Level 3)
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 127,731 |  |  | $ | 127,731 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Interest-bearing time deposits | 132,944 |  |  | 132,944 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Investment securities available for sale | 1,815,775 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,813,246 |  |  | 2,529 |
Investment securities held to maturity | 882,179 |  |  | — |  |  | 895,075 |  |  | 25,103 |
Loans held for sale | 5,039 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,039 |  |  | — |
Loans | 8,507,395 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,612,153 |
Federal Home Loan Bank stock | 28,736 |  |  | — |  |  | 28,736 |  |  | — |
Interest rate swap asset | 78,762 |  |  | — |  |  | 78,762 |  |  | — |
Interest receivable | 47,489 |  |  | — |  |  | 47,489 |  |  | — |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits | $ | 9,870,484 |  |  | $ | 8,256,022 |  |  | $ | 1,610,891 |  |  | $ | — |
Borrowings: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal funds purchased | 47,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 47,000 |  |  | — |
Securities sold under repurchase agreements | 183,317 |  |  | — |  |  | 183,350 |  |  | — |
Federal Home Loan Bank advances | 480,995 |  |  | — |  |  | 493,455 |  |  | — |
Subordinated debentures and term loans | 128,741 |  |  | — |  |  | 124,167 |  |  | — |
Interest rate swap liability | 81,395 |  |  | — |  |  | 81,395 |  |  | — |
Interest payable | 7,746 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,746 |  |  | — |

|  |  | December 31, 2019 |  |
|  |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs
| Carrying Amount |  | (Level 1) |  | (Level 2) |  | (Level 3)
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 177,201 |  |  | $ | 177,201 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Interest-bearing time deposits | 118,263 |  |  | 118,263 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Investment securities available for sale | 1,790,025 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,787,132 |  |  | 2,893 |
Investment securities held to maturity | 806,038 |  |  | — |  |  | 799,884 |  |  | 27,682 |
Loans held for sale | 9,037 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,037 |  |  | — |
Loans | 8,379,026 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,335,340 |
Federal Home Loan Bank stock | 28,736 |  |  | — |  |  | 28,736 |  |  | — |
Interest rate swap asset | 27,855 |  |  | — |  |  | 27,855 |  |  | — |
Interest receivable | 48,901 |  |  | — |  |  | 48,901 |  |  | — |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits | $ | 9,839,956 |  |  | $ | 8,146,745 |  |  | $ | 1,675,202 |  |  | $ | — |
Borrowings: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal funds purchased | 55,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 55,000 |  |  | — |
Securities sold under repurchase agreements | 187,946 |  |  | — |  |  | 187,801 |  |  | — |
Federal Home Loan Bank advances | 351,072 |  |  | — |  |  | 352,581 |  |  | — |
Subordinated debentures and term loans | 138,685 |  |  | — |  |  | 123,571 |  |  | — |
Interest rate swap liability | 29,299 |  |  | — |  |  | 29,299 |  |  | — |
Interest payable | 6,754 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,754 |  |  | — |

32

Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)
NOTE 10
TRANSFERS ACCOUNTED FOR AS SECURED BORROWINGS
The collateral pledged for all repurchase agreements that are accounted for as secured borrowings as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were:

| March 31, 2020
| Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements
| Overnight and Continuous |  | Up to 30 Days |  | 30-90 Days |  | Greater Than 90 Days |  | Total
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities | $ | 180,925 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,642 |  |  | $ | 750 |  |  | $ | 183,317 |

| December 31, 2019
| Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements
| Overnight and Continuous |  | Up to 30 Days |  | 30-90 Days |  | Greater Than 90 Days |  | Total
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities | $ | 178,732 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,672 |  |  | $ | 1,542 |  |  | $ | 187,946 |

NOTE 11
ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
The following table summarizes the changes in the balances of each component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, as of March 31, 2020 and 2019:

| Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
| Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Securities Available for Sale |  | Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Cash Flow Hedges |  | Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Defined Benefit Plans |  | Total
Balance at December 31, 2019 | $ | 38,872 |  |  | $ | (1,141 | ) |  | $ | (9,857 | ) |  | $ | 27,874 |
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications | 30,364 |  |  | (1,038 | ) |  | — |  |  | 29,326 |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income | (3,643 | ) |  | 99 |  |  | — |  |  | (3,544 | )
Period change | 26,721 |  |  | (939 | ) |  | — |  |  | 25,782 |
Balance at March 31, 2020 | $ | 65,593 |  |  | $ | (2,080 | ) |  | $ | (9,857 | ) |  | $ | 53,656 |
Balance at December 31, 2018 | $ | (6,343 | ) |  | $ | (559 | ) |  | $ | (14,520 | ) |  | $ | (21,422 | )
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications | 20,990 |  |  | (309 | ) |  | — |  |  | 20,681 |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income | (901 | ) |  | 47 |  |  | — |  |  | (854 | )
Period change | 20,089 |  |  | (262 | ) |  | — |  |  | 19,827 |
Balance at March 31, 2019 | $ | 13,746 |  |  | $ | (821 | ) |  | $ | (14,520 | ) |  | $ | (1,595 | )

33

Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)
The following tables present the reclassification adjustments out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) that were included in net income in the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

|  | Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) For the Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Components |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | Affected Line Item in the Statements of Income
Unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale securities (1) |  |  |  |  |  |
Realized securities gains reclassified into income |  | $ | 4,612 |  |  | $ | 1,140 |  |  | Other income - net realized gains on sales of available for sale securities
Related income tax expense |  | (969 | ) |  | (239 | ) |  | Income tax expense
|  | $ | 3,643 |  |  | $ | 901 |  |  |
Unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges (2) |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts |  | $ | (125 | ) |  | $ | (59 | ) |  | Interest expense - subordinated debentures and term loans
Related income tax benefit |  | 26 |  |  | 12 |  |  | Income tax expense
|  | $ | (99 | ) |  | $ | (47 | ) |  |
Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax |  | $ | 3,544 |  |  | $ | 854 |  |  |

(1) For additional detail related to unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale securities and related amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income see NOTE 3. INVESTMENT SECURITIES of these Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements.
(2) For additional detail related to unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges and related amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income see NOTE 8. DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS of these Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements.
NOTE 12
SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION
Stock options and RSAs have been issued to directors, officers and other management employees under the Corporation's 2009 Long-term Equity Incentive Plan, the 2019 Long-term Equity Incentive Plan, and the Equity Compensation Plan for Non-Employee Directors. The stock options, which have a ten year life, become 100 percent vested based on time ranging from one year to two years and are fully exercisable when vested. Option exercise prices equal the Corporation's common stock closing price on NASDAQ on the date of grant. The RSAs issued to employees and non-employee directors provide for the issuance of shares of the Corporation's common stock at no cost to the holder and generally vest after 3 years. The RSAs vest only if the employee is actively employed by the Corporation on the vesting date and, therefore, any unvested shares are forfeited. For non-employee directors, the RSAs vest only if the non-employee director remains as an active board member on the vesting date and, therefore, any unvested shares are forfeited. The RSAs for employees and non-employee directors are either immediately vested at retirement, disability or death, or, continue to vest after retirement, disability or death, depending on the plan under which the shares were granted.
The Corporation’s 2009 ESPP and 2019 ESPP provide eligible employees of the Corporation and its subsidiaries an opportunity to purchase shares of common stock of the Corporation through quarterly offerings financed by payroll deductions. The price of the stock to be paid by the employees shall be equal to 85 percent of the average of the closing price of the Corporation’s common stock on each trading day during the offering period. However, in no event shall such purchase price be less than the lesser of an amount equal to 85 percent of the market price of the Corporation’s stock on the offering date or an amount equal to 85 percent of the market value on the date of purchase. Common stock purchases are made quarterly and are paid through advance payroll deductions up to a calendar year maximum of $25,000. The 2009 ESPP expired on June 30, 2019.
Compensation expense related to unvested share-based awards is recorded by recognizing the unamortized grant date fair value of these awards over the remaining service periods of those awards, with no change in historical reported fair values and earnings. Awards are valued at fair value in accordance with provisions of share-based compensation guidance and are recognized on a straight-line basis over the service periods of each award. To complete the exercise of vested stock options, RSA’s and ESPP options, the Corporation generally issues new shares from its authorized but unissued share pool. Share-based compensation for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was $1,220,000 compared to $981,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019. Share-based compensation has been recognized as a component of salaries and benefits expense in the accompanying Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income.
Share-based compensation expense recognized in the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income is based on awards ultimately expected to vest and is reduced for estimated forfeitures. Share-based compensation guidance requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods, if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Pre-vesting forfeitures were estimated to be approximately 0.4 percent for the three months ended March 31, 2020, based on historical experience.
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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)
The following table summarizes the components of the Corporation's share-based compensation awards recorded as an expense and the income tax benefit of such awards.

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
Stock and ESPP Options |  |  |
Pre-tax compensation expense | $ | 41 |  |  | $ | 11 |
Income tax benefit | — |  |  | (16 | )
Stock and ESPP option expense, net of income taxes | $ | 41 |  |  | $ | (5 | )
Restricted Stock Awards |  |  |
Pre-tax compensation expense | $ | 1,179 |  |  | $ | 970 |
Income tax benefit | (257 | ) |  | (540 | )
Restricted stock awards expense, net of income taxes | $ | 922 |  |  | $ | 430 |
Total Share-Based Compensation |  |  |
Pre-tax compensation expense | $ | 1,220 |  |  | $ | 981 |
Income tax benefit | (257 | ) |  | (556 | )
Total share-based compensation expense, net of income taxes | $ | 963 |  |  | $ | 425 |

As of March 31, 2020, unrecognized compensation expense related to RSAs was $6,444,000 and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.40 years. The Corporation did no t have any unrecognized compensation expense related to stock options as of March 31, 2020.
Stock option activity under the Corporation's stock option plans as of March 31, 2020 and changes during the three months ended March 31, 2020, were as follows:

| Number of Shares |  | Weighted-Average Exercise Price |  | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (in Years) |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2020 | 59,350 |  |  | $ | 13.51 |  |  |  |  |
Exercised | (1,050 | ) |  | $ | 6.71 |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding March 31, 2020 | 58,300 |  |  | $ | 13.63 |  |  | 2.23 |  | $ | 749,737 |
Vested and Expected to Vest at March 31,2020 | 58,300 |  |  | $ | 13.63 |  |  | 2.23 |  | $ | 749,737 |
Exercisable at March 31, 2020 | 58,300 |  |  | $ | 13.63 |  |  | 2.23 |  | $ | 749,737 |

The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value (the difference between the Corporation's closing stock price on the last trading day of the first three months of 2020 and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options) that would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their stock options on March 31, 2020. The amount of aggregate intrinsic value will change based on the fair market value of the Corporation's common stock.
The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was $36,000 and $97,000, respectively. Cash receipts of stock options exercised during this same period were $7,000 and $40,000, respectively.
The following table summarizes information on unvested RSAs outstanding as of March 31, 2020:

| Number of Shares |  | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested RSAs at January 1, 2020 | 351,048 |  |  | $ | 40.67 |
Granted | 7,573 |  |  | $ | 26.47 |
Vested | (3,332 | ) |  | $ | 39.32 |
Unvested RSAs at March 31, 2020 | 355,289 |  |  | $ | 40.38 |

The grant date fair value of ESPP options was estimated to be approximately $41,000 at the beginning of the January 1, 2020 quarterly offering period. The ESPP options vested during the three months ending March 31, 2020, leaving no unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested ESPP options at March 31, 2020.
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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)
NOTE 13
INCOME TAX
The following table summarizes the major components creating differences between income taxes at the federal statutory and the effective tax rate recorded in the consolidated statements of income for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019:

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
Reconciliation of Federal Statutory to Actual Tax Expense: |  |  |
Federal statutory income tax at 21% | $ | 7,928 |  |  | $ | 9,609 |
Tax-exempt interest income | (3,022 | ) |  | (2,267 | )
Share-based compensation | — |  |  | (350 | )
Tax-exempt earnings and gains on life insurance | (286 | ) |  | (207 | )
Tax credits | (61 | ) |  | (78 | )
CARES Act - NOL carryback rate differential | (1,178 | ) |  | — |
Other | 109 |  |  | 234 |
Actual Tax Expense | $ | 3,490 |  |  | $ | 6,941 |
Effective Tax Rate | 9.2 | % |  | 15.2 | %

NOTE 14
NET INCOME PER SHARE
Basic net income per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average shares outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted net income per share is computed by dividing net income by the combination of the weighted-average shares outstanding during the reporting period and all potentially dilutive common shares. Potentially dilutive common shares include stock options and RSAs issued under the Corporation's share-based compensation plans. Potentially dilutive common shares are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share in the periods where the effect would be antidilutive.
The following table reconciles basic and diluted net income per share for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
| Net Income |  | Weighted-Average Shares |  | Per Share Amount |  | Net Income |  | Weighted-Average Shares |  | Per Share Amount
Net income available to common stockholders | $ | 34,263 |  |  | 54,732,073 |  |  | $ | 0.63 |  |  | $ | 38,817 |  |  | 49,369,024 |  |  | $ | 0.79 |
Effect of potentially dilutive stock options and restricted stock awards |  |  | 185,687 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 171,820 |  |  |
Diluted net income per share | $ | 34,263 |  |  | 54,917,760 |  |  | $ | 0.62 |  |  | $ | 38,817 |  |  | 49,540,844 |  |  | $ | 0.78 |

For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, there were no stock options with an option price greater than the average market price of the common shares.
NOTE 15
GENERAL LITIGATION AND REGULATORY EXAMINATIONS
The Corporation is subject to claims and lawsuits that arise primarily in the ordinary course of business. Additionally, the Corporation is subject to periodic examinations by various regulatory agencies. It is the general opinion of management that the disposition or ultimate resolution of such claims, lawsuits, and examinations will not have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flow of the Corporation.
A discussion of the Bank’s Settlement Agreement and Agreed Order with the United States Department of Justice is contained in the "REGULATORY DEVELOPMENTS" section of Part I, Item 2. Management’s Discussion & Analysis of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
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PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
From time to time, we include forward-looking statements in our oral and written communication. We may include forward-looking statements in filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, such as this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, in other written materials and in oral statements made by senior management to analysts, investors, representatives of the media and others. We intend these forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, and we are including this statement for purposes of these safe harbor provisions. Forward-looking statements can often be identified by the use of words like “believe”, “continue”, “pattern”, “estimate”, “project”, “intend”, “anticipate”, “expect” and similar expressions or future or conditional verbs such as “will”, “would”, “should”, “could”, “might”, “can”, “may”, or similar expressions. These forward-looking statements include:

• | statements of our goals, intentions and expectations;

• | statements regarding our business plan and growth strategies;

• | statements regarding the asset quality of our loan and investment portfolios; and

• | estimates of our risks and future costs and benefits.

These forward-looking statements are subject to significant risks, assumptions and uncertainties, including, among other things, the following important factors which could affect the actual outcome of future events:

• | fluctuations in market rates of interest and loan and deposit pricing, which could negatively affect our net interest margin, asset valuations and expense expectations;

• | adverse changes in the economy, which might affect our business prospects and could cause credit-related losses and expenses;

• | the severity and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on general economic and financial market conditions and our business, results of operations, and financial condition;

• | adverse developments in our loan and investment portfolios;

• | competitive factors in the banking industry, such as the trend towards consolidation in our market;

• | changes in the banking legislation or the regulatory requirements of federal and state agencies applicable to bank holding companies and banks like our affiliate bank;

• | acquisitions of other businesses by us and integration of such acquired businesses;

• | our ability to implement and comply with the Settlement Agreement and Agreed Order entered into with the United States Department of Justice ("DOJ") related to our fair lending practices;

• | changes in market, economic, operational, liquidity, credit and interest rate risks associated with our business; and

• | the continued availability of earnings and excess capital sufficient for the lawful and prudent declaration and payment of cash dividends.

Because of these and other uncertainties, our actual future results may be materially different from the results indicated by these forward-looking statements. In addition, our past results of operations do not necessarily indicate our anticipated future results.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Generally accepted accounting principles are complex and require us to apply significant judgments to various accounting, reporting and disclosure matters. We must use assumptions and estimates to apply those principles where actual measurement is not possible or practical. For a complete discussion of our significant accounting policies, see “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. Certain policies are considered critical because they are highly dependent upon subjective or complex judgments, assumptions and estimates. Changes in such estimates may have a significant impact on the financial statements.
We believe there have been no significant changes during the three months ended March 31, 2020, to the items that we disclosed as our critical accounting policies and estimates in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
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PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
BUSINESS SUMMARY
First Merchants Corporation (the “Corporation”) is a financial holding company headquartered in Muncie, Indiana and was organized in September 1982. The Corporation’s Common Stock is traded on NASDAQ’s Global Select Market System under the symbol FRME. The Corporation has one full-service bank charter, First Merchants Bank (the “Bank”), which opened for business in Muncie, Indiana, in March 1893. The Bank also operates First Merchants Private Wealth Advisors (a division of First Merchants Bank). The Bank includes 128 banking locations in thirty Indiana, two Illinois, two Ohio and two Michigan counties. In addition to its traditional branch network, the Corporation offers comprehensive electronic and mobile delivery channels to its customers. The Corporation’s business activities are currently limited to one significant business segment, which is community banking.
Through the Bank, the Corporation offers a broad range of financial services, including accepting time, savings and demand deposits; making consumer, commercial, agri-business and real estate mortgage loans; providing personal and corporate trust services; offering full-service brokerage and private wealth management; and providing letters of credit, repurchase agreements and other corporate services.
REQUIREMENTS FOR BANK HOLDING COMPANIES WITH $10 BILLION OR MORE IN ASSETS
Various federal banking laws and regulations, including rules adopted by the Federal Reserve pursuant to the requirements of the Dodd-Frank Act, impose heightened requirements on certain large banks and bank holding companies. Most of these rules apply primarily to bank holding companies with at least $50 billion in total consolidated assets, but certain rules also apply to banks and bank holding companies with at least $10 billion in total consolidated assets. As the quarter ended December 31, 2019 was the fourth consecutive quarter that the Bank reported assets exceeding $10 billion, effective as of April 1, 2020, the Bank and its affiliates became subject to the supervisory and enforcement authority of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (the “CFPB”). The CFPB, an independent federal agency created under the Dodd-Frank Act, was granted broad rulemaking, supervisory and enforcement powers under various federal consumer financial protection laws, primarily with authority over banks and their affiliates with assets of more than $10 billion. Prior to April 1, 2020, the Bank had been subject to the primary federal regulatory oversight and supervision of the FDIC. The Bank continues to be subject to the oversight, supervision and examination of the Indiana DFI.
The Bank’s deposit accounts are insured up to the applicable limits by the Deposit Insurance Fund (the “DIF”) of the FDIC. As such, the Bank is subject to deposit insurance premiums and assessments to maintain the DIF. Under the FDIC's risk-based assessment system, insured institutions with at least $10 billion in assets, such as the Bank, are assessed on the basis of a scoring system that measures an institution's financial performance, its ability to withstand stress, and the relative magnitude of potential losses to the FDIC in the event of the institution's failure. The Bank’s FDIC assessment has increased as a result of being subject to this new method for calculating its deposit insurance premiums.
As provided by the Durbin Amendment to the Dodd-Frank Act, financial institutions with more than $10 billion in assets become subject to capped interchange fees in July of the year following the year-end assessment in which the $10 billion threshold was met. As a result, the Bank will be subject to these interchange fee restrictions beginning July 1, 2020.
COVID-19, THE CARES ACT AND RELATED REGULATORY ACTIONS
Impact of COVID-19
On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (“WHO”) announced that the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 ("COVID-19") constituted a public health emergency of international concern. On March 11, 2020, WHO declared COVID-19 to be a global pandemic and, on March 13, 2020, the President of the United States declared the COVID-19 outbreak a national emergency. The health concerns relating to the COVID-19 outbreak and related governmental actions taken to reduce the spread of the virus have significantly impacted the global economy (including the states and local economies in which we operate), disrupted supply chains, lowered equity market valuations, and created significant volatility and disruption in financial markets. The outbreak has resulted in authorities implementing numerous measures to try to contain the virus, such as travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, shelter in place or total lock-down orders and business limitations and shutdowns. Such measures have significantly contributed to rising unemployment and negatively impacted consumer and business spending.
While the spread of COVID-19 had a minimal impact on the Corporation as of March 31, 2020, the ultimate impact of COVID-19 on our business will depend on numerous factors and future developments that are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence. It is unknown how long the COVID-19 pandemic will last, or when restrictions on individuals and businesses will be lifted and businesses and their employees will be able to resume normal activities. Additional information may emerge regarding the severity of COVID-19 and additional actions may be taken by federal, state and local governments to contain COVID-19 or treat its impact. Changes in the behavior of customers, businesses and their employees as a result of COVID-19 pandemic, including social distancing practices, even after formal restrictions have been lifted, are also unknown. As a result of COVID-19 and the actions taken to contain it or reduce its impact, we may experience changes in the demand for our products and services, changes in the value of collateral securing outstanding loans, reductions in the credit quality of borrowers and the inability of borrowers to repay loans in accordance with their terms. These and similar factors and events may have substantial negative effects on the business, financial condition and results of operations of the Corporation and its customers.
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we have taken a number of actions to offer various forms of support to our customers, employees and communities that have experienced impacts from this development. The Corporation has committed $1.2 million to non-profit organizations in our communities on the front lines of fighting the COVID-19 pandemic. In response to social distancing protocols, we have enabled employees to work remotely, decreased lobby usage and incurred additional cleaning and janitorial expense to disinfect banking centers and office locations. Additionally, we have enhanced mobile and online services, such as increased mobile deposit limits, to allow more transactions to be completed outside the banking centers. We have also provided customer alerts focused on COVID-19 scams and fraud education and prevention.
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PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Interest Rates
On March 3, 2020, the Federal Open Market Committee ("FOMC") reduced the target federal funds rate by 50 basis points to 1.00 percent to 1.25 percent. This rate was further reduced to a target range of 0 percent to 0.25 percent on March 16, 2020. These reductions in interest rates and other effects of the COVID-19 outbreak are likely to negatively impact the Corporation’s net interest income and noninterest income.
The CARES Act and the Paycheck Protection Program
On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) was signed into law, providing an approximately $2 trillion stimulus package that includes direct payments to individual taxpayers, economic stimulus to significantly impacted industry sectors, emergency funding for hospitals and providers, small business loans, increased unemployment benefits, and a variety of tax incentives.
For small businesses, eligible nonprofits and certain others, the CARES Act established a Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”), which is administered by the Small Business Administration (“SBA”). On April 24, 2020, the Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act was enacted. Among other things, this legislation amends the initial CARES Act program by raising the appropriation level for PPP loans from $349 billion to $670 billion. The Bank is actively participating in assisting its customers with applications for resources through the program. PPP loans have a two-year term and earn interest at 1 percent. The Bank anticipates that the majority of these loans will ultimately be forgiven, in whole or in part, by the SBA in accordance with the terms of the program. As of May 6, 2020, the Bank had funded over 3,800 PPP loans representing $871 million. Under the terms of the PPP program, the loans are fully guaranteed by the U.S. government.
Main Street Business Lending Program
On April 9, 2020, the Federal Reserve announced its proposed Main Street emergency lending initiative as an additional measure to provide much-needed financial support to small and mid-sized businesses adversely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The Main Street programs are intended to provide credit flows to financial institutions so that they can provide loans to eligible small and mid-sized businesses. The funds available through the Main Street programs amount to $600 billion. Under this initiative, which was modified and supplemented by the Federal Reserve on April 30, 2020, three loan facilities have been established: (i) the Main Street New Loan Facility (the “MSNLF), (ii) the Main Street Priority Loan Facility (the “MSPLF”); and (iii) the Main Street Expanded Loan Facility (the “MSELF”), each of which was authorized by the Federal Reserve under Section 13(3) of the Federal Reserve Act. All three facilities use the same eligible lender and eligible borrower criteria, and have many of the same features, including the same maturity, interest rate, deferral of principal and interest for one year, and ability of the borrower to prepay without penalty. As required by the CARES Act, Main Street loans are full-recourse to the borrower and are not forgivable. The loan types differ in amounts and other terms, including in how they interact with the eligible borrower’s existing outstanding debt. The proposed minimum loan amounts under the MSNLF and the MSPLF have been set at $500,000. The minimum loan amount under the MSELF has been set at $10 million. The Bank may participate in some or all of these programs.
Paycheck Protection Program Liquidity Facility
To provide liquidity to small business lenders and the broader credit markets, to help stabilize the financial system, and to provide economic relief to small businesses nationwide, the Federal Reserve authorized each of the Federal Reserve Banks to participate in the Paycheck Protection Program Liquidity Facility (the “PPPL Facility”), pursuant to the Federal Reserve Act. Under the PPPL Facility, each of the Federal Reserve Banks will extend non-recourse loans to eligible financial institutions such as the Bank to fund loans guaranteed by the SBA under the PPP. The Bank has until September 30, 2020 to access funds under the PPPL Facility, unless otherwise extended by the Federal Reserve and the Department of the Treasury. The Bank had borrowed from the PPPL Facility to supplement liquidity to fund the PPP loans and as of May 6, 2020 the outstanding balance of such borrowings were $240 million.
Loan Modifications and Troubled Debt Restructures
On April 7, 2020, federal banking regulators issued a revised Interagency Statement on Loan Modifications and Reporting for Financial Institutions, which, among other things, encouraged financial institutions to work prudently with borrowers who are or may be unable to meet their contractual payment obligations because of the effects of COVID-19, and stated that institutions generally do not need to categorize COVID-19-related modifications as troubled debt restructures and that the agencies will not direct supervised institutions to automatically categorize all COVID-19 related loan modifications as troubled debt restructures. The modifications completed in the three months ended March 31, 2020 were immaterial. As of May 6, 2020, the Corporation had received requests for over 1,700 modifications on commercial loans totaling $861 million and over 550 modifications on consumer loans totaling $56 million.
Optional Delay of CECL Implementation
Pursuant to the CARES Act and the related joint statement of federal banking regulators (which also became effective as of March 27, 2020), and consistent with guidance from the SEC and FASB, the Corporation has elected to delay implementation of Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326), which would have become effective for the Corporation as of January 1, 2020. As discussed in NOTE 1. GENERAL of the Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, ASU 2016-13, provides for the replacement of the incurred loss model for recording the allowance for loan losses with CECL. However, as a result of the Corporation’s election, its first quarter 2020 financial statements have been prepared under the existing incurred loss model. The temporary relief applicable to the Corporation’s compliance with CECL ends on the earlier of: (1) the termination date of the national emergency concerning the COVID-19 outbreak, declared by the President of the United States on March 13, 2020, under the National Emergencies Act; or (2) December 31, 2020.
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PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Regulatory Capital
CECL Model. As part of the March 27, 2020 joint statement of federal banking regulators discussed above, an interim final rule that allows banking organizations to mitigate the effects of the CECL accounting standard on their regulatory capital was also announced. Banking organizations that are required under GAAP to adopt CECL during 2020 can elect to mitigate the estimated cumulative regulatory capital effects of CECL for up to two years. This two-year delay is in addition to the three-year transition period that federal banking regulators had already made available. While the Corporation has elected to delay implementation of ASU No. 2016-13 as described above, it expects to take advantage of the additional time permitted by this interim final rule, which will largely delay the effects of CECL on its regulatory capital through December 31, 2021. Beginning on January 1, 2022, the Corporation will be required to phase in 25% of the previously deferred estimated capital impact of CECL, with an additional 25% to be phased in at the beginning of each subsequent year until fully phased in by January 1, 2025. Under the interim final rule, the amount of adjustments to regulatory capital that can be deferred until the phase-in period includes both the initial impact of our adoption of CECL, and 25% of subsequent changes in our allowance for credit losses during each quarter following implementation of CECL until December 31, 2021.
PPPL Facility. On April 9, 2020, in order to facilitate use of the PPPL Facility, federal banking regulators issued an interim final rule to modify the Basel III regulatory capital rules applicable to banking organizations to allow those organizations participating in the PPP to neutralize the regulatory capital effects of participating in the program. Specifically, the agencies have clarified that banking organizations, including the Corporation and the Bank, are permitted to assign a zero percent risk weight to covered loans pledged to the PPPL Facility for purposes of determining risk-weighted assets and the leverage ratio.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Executive Summary
The Corporation reported first quarter 2020 net income of $34.3 million, compared to $38.8 million during the first quarter of 2019. Diluted earnings per share for the period totaled $0.62 per share, compared to $0.78 per diluted share during the same period in 2019.
As of March 31, 2020, total assets equaled $12.7 billion, an increase of $236.3 million from December 31, 2019. The Corporation's total loan portfolio increased $147.5 million, or 1.7 percent from December 31, 2019. The largest loan segments that experienced increases were commercial and farmland real estate and commercial and industrial. The largest loan segment that experienced a decrease was construction real estate. Additional details of the changes in the Corporation's loans and other earning assets are discussed within NOTE 4. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE of the Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and the "EARNING ASSETS" section of this Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Total Investment Securities increased $101.9 million from December 31, 2019 as excess liquidity from deposit growth and additional wholesale funding was used to invest in the bond portfolio. Also contributing to the increase in investment securities was a $33.9 million increase in net unrealized gains on the available for sale portfolio. The net increase in unrealized gains from December 31, 2019 to March 31, 2020 is primarily due to interest rate declines during the quarter as the longer term points on the yield curve have declined since year-end, which increases the fair value of securities in the portfolio.
The Corporation’s allowance for loan losses totaled $99.5 million as of March 31, 2020 and equaled 1.15 percent of total loans. The Corporation's provision expense and net charge offs for the three months ended March 31, 2020 were $19.8 million and $582,000, respectively, compared to provision expense and net charge offs of $1.2 million and $850,000, respectively, during the same period of 2019. The increase in the allowance for loan losses of $19.2 million, or 23.9 percent, primarily reflects our view of increased credit risk related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Non-accrual loans totaled $15.6 million, a decrease of $300,000 from December 31, 2019. Details of the Allowance for Loan Losses and non-performing loans are discussed within the “LOAN QUALITY/PROVISION FOR LOAN LOSSES” section of this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
The Corporation's tax asset, deferred and receivable, equaled $9.5 million as of March 31, 2020 and decreased $2.7 million from December 31, 2019. Additionally, the Corporation had an income tax payable (recorded in other liabilities) of $6.7 million at March 31, 2020 compared to none at December 31, 2019. The Corporation's available for sale investment portfolio had a net unrealized gain of $49.6 million at December 31, 2019 compared to a net unrealized gain at March 31, 2020 of $83.5 million, which was primarily due to interest rate declines. This change resulted in a deferred tax liability of $10.3 million at December 31, 2019 compared to $17.4 million at March 31, 2020. Offsetting this decrease in the Corporation's tax asset, deferred and receivable, was an increase in the deferred tax asset of $4.7 million resulting from the increase in the allowance for loan losses.
The Corporation's other assets increased $47.6 million from December 31, 2019. The Corporation's derivative asset (recorded in other assets) and derivative liability (recorded in other liabilities) related to interest rate contracts increased $50.9 million and $52.1 million, respectively, from December 31, 2019. The increases are primarily due to a $74.6 million increase in the related outstanding notional balance. Additionally, yield curve rates used for valuation purposes were lower at each term point as of March 31, 2020 compared to December 31, 2019. This was primarily the result of investors seeking the safety of U.S. Treasuries as containment efforts related to the COVID-19 outbreak began to significantly reduce economic activity.
As of March 31, 2020, total deposits equaled $9.9 billion, an increase of $30.5 million from December 31, 2019. The Corporation experienced increases from December 31, 2019 in demand and savings accounts of $42.6 million and $66.6 million, respectively. Offsetting these increases were decreases in certificates of deposit and brokered deposits of $66.8 million and $11.9 million, respectively, from December 31, 2019.
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PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Total borrowings increased $107.4 million as of March 31, 2020, compared to December 31, 2019. Federal Home Loan Bank advances increased $129.9 million compared to December 31, 2019. Offsetting this increase, the Corporation partially redeemed $10.0 million of subordinated debentures, of which all debentures were held by First Merchants Capital Trust II (“FMC Trust”). As a result, FMC Trust used the proceeds from such partial redemption to concurrently redeem a like amount of its capital securities with an aggregate redemption price of $10.0 million, all of which were held by the Corporation (recorded in other assets).
The Corporation's other liabilities as of March 31, 2020 increased $105.9 million compared to December 31, 2019. The Corporation accrued $44.4 million of trade date accounting related to investment securities purchases as of March 31, 2020. There was no accrual at December 31, 2019. Additionally, as noted above, the derivative hedge liability increased $52.1 million from December 31, 2019.
During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Corporation repurchased 1,634,437 of its common shares for $55.9 million at an average price of $34.21, which resulted in the aggregate investment in share repurchases to equal $75.0 million, the maximum allowable under the plan. The Corporation was able to maintain all regulatory capital ratios in excess of the regulatory definition of “well-capitalized.” Details of the Stock Repurchase Program and regulatory capital ratios are discussed within the “CAPITAL” section of this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
NET INTEREST INCOME
Net interest income is the most significant component of our earnings, comprising 76 percent of revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2020. Net interest income and margin are influenced by many factors, primarily the volume and mix of earning assets, funding sources, and interest rate fluctuations. Other factors include the level of accretion income on purchased loans, prepayment risk on mortgage and investment-related assets, and the composition and maturity of earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. Loans typically generate more interest income than investment securities with similar maturities. Funding from customer deposits generally costs less than wholesale funding sources. Factors such as general economic activity, Federal Reserve Board monetary policy, and price volatility of competing alternative investments, can also exert significant influence on our ability to optimize the mix of assets and funding and the net interest income and margin.
Net interest income is the excess of interest received from earning assets over interest paid on interest-bearing liabilities. For analytical purposes, net interest income is also presented on an FTE basis in the tables that follow to reflect what tax-exempt assets would need to yield in order to achieve the same after-tax yield as a taxable asset. The federal statutory rate of 21 percent was used for all periods, adjusted for the TEFRA interest disallowance applicable to certain tax-exempt obligations. The FTE analysis portrays the income tax benefits associated with tax-exempt assets and helps to facilitate a comparison between taxable and tax-exempt assets. Management believes that it is a standard practice in the banking industry to present net interest margin and net interest income on a fully taxable equivalent basis. Therefore, management believes these measures provide useful information for both management and investors by allowing them to make peer comparisons.
For the three months ended March 31, 2020, the increases in net interest income and earning assets were primarily attributable to the September 2019 MBT acquisition, in addition to, core organic loan and deposit growth and an increase in the investment securities portfolio. Details regarding the MBT acquisition and earning assets are discussed in NOTE 2. ACQUISITION of the Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the "EARNING ASSETS" section of this Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
In the first quarter of 2020, asset yields decreased 51 basis points FTE compared to the same period in 2019 as a result of the FOMC's interest rate decreases of 50 basis points on March 3, 2020 and 100 basis points on March 16, 2020 at the Committee's special meetings related to COVID-19. Average earning assets increased $2.2 billion in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the first quarter of 2019. The increase in earning assets attributable to the MBT acquisition totaled $1.2 billion and organic loan growth accounted for $576.7 million. Interest costs decreased 17 basis points, resulting in a 34 basis point FTE decrease in net interest spread as compared to the same period in 2019. Interest costs have decreased as both core deposits and wholesale funding rates decreased year-over-year. Interest-bearing deposit and borrowing costs decreased from 1.20 percent and 2.74 percent during the three months ended March 31, 2019 to 1.06 percent and 1.16 percent during the same period in 2020, respectively. Net interest margin, on a tax equivalent basis, decreased to 3.46 percent for the first quarter of 2020 compared to 3.84 percent during the same period in 2019. Despite the Corporation's quick and decisive action in lowering deposit rates at the end of 2019 and in the first quarter of 2020, and additional upcoming certificates of deposit maturities, additional net interest margin compression is expected next quarter.
The Corporation recognized fair value accretion income on purchased loans, which is included in interest income, of $3.5 million, which accounted for 12 basis points of net interest margin in the first quarter of 2020. Comparatively, the Corporation recognized $2.3 million of accretion income for the three months ended March 31, 2019, or 9 basis points of net interest margin.
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Table of Contents
PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following tables presents the Corporation’s average balance sheet, interest income/interest expense, and the average rate as a percent of average earning assets/liabilities for the three months ended March 31, 2020, and 2019.

(Dollars in Thousands) | Three Months Ended
| March 31, 2020 |  | March 31, 2019
| Average Balance |  | Interest Income / Expense |  | Average Rate |  | Average Balance |  | Interest Income / Expense |  | Average Rate
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing time deposits | $ | 159,859 |  |  | $ | 575 |  |  | 1.44 | % |  | $ | 145,935 |  |  | $ | 875 |  |  | 2.40 | %
Federal Home Loan Bank stock | 28,737 |  |  | 299 |  |  | 4.16 |  |  | 24,588 |  |  | 338 |  |  | 5.50 |
Investment Securities: (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Taxable | 1,368,546 |  |  | 7,631 |  |  | 2.23 |  |  | 902,402 |  |  | 6,095 |  |  | 2.70 |
Tax-Exempt (2) | 1,208,717 |  |  | 11,816 |  |  | 3.91 |  |  | 829,085 |  |  | 8,697 |  |  | 4.20 |
Total Investment Securities | 2,577,263 |  |  | 19,447 |  |  | 3.02 |  |  | 1,731,487 |  |  | 14,792 |  |  | 3.42 |
Loans held for sale | 17,217 |  |  | 193 |  |  | 4.48 |  |  | 9,703 |  |  | 112 |  |  | 4.62 |
Loans: (3) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | 6,235,336 |  |  | 76,952 |  |  | 4.94 |  |  | 5,309,998 |  |  | 72,758 |  |  | 5.48 |
Real Estate Mortgage | 870,654 |  |  | 10,402 |  |  | 4.78 |  |  | 743,736 |  |  | 8,321 |  |  | 4.48 |
Installment | 759,614 |  |  | 9,105 |  |  | 4.79 |  |  | 665,050 |  |  | 9,290 |  |  | 5.59 |
Tax-Exempt (2) | 643,750 |  |  | 6,728 |  |  | 4.18 |  |  | 501,632 |  |  | 5,257 |  |  | 4.19 |
Total Loans | 8,526,571 |  |  | 103,380 |  |  | 4.85 |  |  | 7,230,119 |  |  | 95,738 |  |  | 5.30 |
Total Earning Assets | 11,292,430 |  |  | 123,701 |  |  | 4.38 | % |  | 9,132,129 |  |  | 111,743 |  |  | 4.89 | %
Net unrealized gain (loss) on securities available for sale | 48,656 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (5,015 | ) |  |  |  |
Allowance for loan losses | (81,160 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (80,907 | ) |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | 159,757 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 117,224 |  |  |  |  |
Premises and equipment | 113,812 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 93,236 |  |  |  |  |
Other assets | 1,039,743 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 823,475 |  |  |  |  |
Total Assets | $ | 12,573,238 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 10,080,142 |  |  |  |  |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing NOW deposits | $ | 3,589,240 |  |  | $ | 8,276 |  |  | 0.92 | % |  | $ | 2,689,797 |  |  | $ | 7,019 |  |  | 1.04 | %
Money market deposits | 1,535,844 |  |  | 3,783 |  |  | 0.99 |  |  | 1,139,062 |  |  | 2,782 |  |  | 0.98 |
Savings deposits | 1,425,054 |  |  | 1,827 |  |  | 0.51 |  |  | 1,150,725 |  |  | 2,267 |  |  | 0.79 |
Certificates and other time deposits | 1,666,642 |  |  | 7,862 |  |  | 1.89 |  |  | 1,565,578 |  |  | 7,526 |  |  | 1.92 |
Total Interest-bearing Deposits | 8,216,780 |  |  | 21,748 |  |  | 1.06 |  |  | 6,545,162 |  |  | 19,594 |  |  | 1.20 |
Borrowings | 748,185 |  |  | 4,182 |  |  | 2.24 |  |  | 635,058 |  |  | 4,353 |  |  | 2.74 |
Total Interest-bearing Liabilities | 8,964,965 |  |  | 25,930 |  |  | 1.16 |  |  | 7,180,220 |  |  | 23,947 |  |  | 1.33 |
Noninterest-bearing deposits | 1,669,493 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,391,494 |  |  |  |  |
Other liabilities | 122,362 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 78,689 |  |  |  |  |
Total Liabilities | 10,756,820 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8,650,403 |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders' Equity | 1,816,418 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,429,739 |  |  |  |  |
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity | $ | 12,573,238 |  |  | 25,930 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 10,080,142 |  |  | 23,947 |  |  |  |
Net Interest Income (FTE) |  |  | $ | 97,771 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 87,796 |  |  |
Net Interest Spread (FTE) (4) |  |  |  |  | 3.22 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 3.56 | %
Net Interest Margin (FTE): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest Income (FTE) / Average Earning Assets |  |  |  |  | 4.38 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 4.89 | %
Interest Expense / Average Earning Assets |  |  |  |  | 0.92 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 1.05 | %
Net Interest Margin (FTE) (5) |  |  |  |  | 3.46 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 3.84 | %
(1) Average balance of securities is computed based on the average of the historical amortized cost balances without the effects of the fair value adjustments. Annualized amounts are computed utilizing a 30/360 day basis.
(2) Tax-exempt securities and loans are presented on a fully taxable equivalent basis, using a marginal tax rate of 21 percent for 2020 and 2019. These totals equal $3,894 and $2,930 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
(3) Non-accruing loans have been included in the average balances. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(4) Net Interest Spread (FTE) is interest income expressed as a percentage of average earning assets minus interest expense expressed as a percentage of average interest-bearing liabilities.
(5) Net Interest Margin (FTE) is interest income expressed as a percentage of average earning assets minus interest expense expressed as a percentage of average earning assets.

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Table of Contents
PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
NON-INTEREST INCOME
Non-interest income increased $11.1 million, or 59.2 percent, in the first quarter of 2020, compared to the first quarter of 2019. The larger customer base resulting from the MBT acquisition on September 1, 2019, in addition to organic growth, resulted in an increase in customer related line items such as fiduciary and wealth management fees, net gains and fees on sales of loans, derivative hedge fees, card payment fees and service charges on deposit accounts of $7.3 million in the first quarter of 2020 when compared to the same period in 2019. Details of the Corporation's 2019 acquisition can be found in NOTE 2. ACQUISITION of the Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Additionally, net realized gains on sales of available for sale securities increased $3.5 million in the first quarter of 2020 when compared to the same period in 2019.
NON-INTEREST EXPENSE
Non-interest expense increased $9.6 million, or 16.9 percent, in the first quarter of 2020, compared to the first quarter of 2019. The acquisition of MBT was the largest contributing factor to the increase. The larger franchise and growth in our customer base resulted in increases in most non-interest expense categories with the largest increases in salaries and employee benefits, net occupancy, equipment, and outside data processing fees accounting for $8.2 million of the increase. Additionally, FDIC assessment expense increased $816,000 in the first quarter of 2020 when compared to the same period in 2019 as a result of the the Corporation's FDIC assessment changing to the calculation applicable to banks over $10 billion in total assets. Finally, professional and other outside services and other expenses increased $761,000 in the first quarter of 2020 when compared to the same period in 2019.
These increases were partially offset by a decrease in other real estate owned and foreclosure expenses of $660,000 in the first quarter of 2020 when compared to the same period on 2019.
INCOME TAXES
Income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was $3,490,000 on pre-tax net income of $37,753,000. For the same period in 2019, income tax expense was $6,941,000 on pre-tax net income of $45,758,000. The effective income tax rate was 9.2 percent for the first quarter of 2020 and 15.2 percent for the first quarter of 2019.
The lower effective income tax rate during the three months ended March 31, 2020 when compared to the same period in 2019 was primarily driven by two factors. First, the abnormally high level of loan provision expense resulting from the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has, and likely will continue, to distort the normal relationship of taxable income to tax-exempt income. Secondly, the CARES Act provided the opportunity to carryback certain federal net operating losses. The Corporation's net operating loss had previously been valued at the current statutory rate of 21 percent. As such, the Corporation booked a tax benefit of $1,178,000 in recognition of the rate differential between the current rate and the rate in effect during the period to which the net operating loss will be carried back.
The detailed reconciliation of federal statutory to actual tax expense is shown in NOTE 13. INCOME TAX of the Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
CAPITAL
Stockholders' Equity
On September 1, 2019, the Corporation acquired 100 percent of MBT. Pursuant to the merger agreement, each MBT shareholder received 0.275 shares of the Corporation's common stock for each outstanding share of MBT common stock held. The Corporation issued approximately 6.4 million shares of common stock, which was valued at approximately $229.9 million. Details regarding the MBT acquisition are discussed in NOTE 2. ACQUISITION of the Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Stock Repurchase Program
On September 3, 2019, the Board of Directors of the Corporation approved a stock repurchase program of up to 3 million shares of the Corporation's outstanding common stock; provided, however, that the total aggregate investment in shares repurchased under the program may not exceed $75 million. On a share basis, the amount of common stock subject to the repurchase program represents approximately 5 percent of the Corporation's outstanding shares. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Corporation repurchased 1,634,437 of its common shares for $55.9 million at an average price of $34.21, which resulted in the aggregate investment in share repurchases to equal $75.0 million, the maximum allowable under the plan.
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Table of Contents
PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Regulatory Capital
Capital adequacy is an important indicator of financial stability and performance. The Corporation and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies and are assigned to a capital category. The assigned capital category is largely determined by four ratios that are calculated according to the regulations: total risk-based capital, tier 1 risk-based capital, CET1, and tier 1 leverage ratios. The ratios are intended to measure capital relative to assets and credit risk associated with those assets and off-balance sheet exposures of the entity. The capital category assigned to an entity can also be affected by qualitative judgments made by regulatory agencies about the risk inherent in the entity's activities that are not part of the calculated ratios.
There are five capital categories defined in the regulations, ranging from well capitalized to critically undercapitalized. Classification of a bank in any of the undercapitalized categories can result in actions by regulators that could have a material effect on a bank's operations. Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios of total and tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets, and of tier 1 capital to average assets, or leverage ratio, all of which are calculated as defined in the
regulations. Banks with lower capital levels are deemed to be undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized or critically undercapitalized, depending on their actual levels. The appropriate federal regulatory agency may also downgrade a bank to the next lower capital category upon a determination that the bank is in an unsafe or unsound practice. Banks are required to monitor closely their capital levels and to notify their appropriate regulatory agency of any basis for a change in capital category.
Basel III was effective for the Corporation on January 1, 2015. Basel III requires the Corporation and the Bank to maintain a minimum ratio of CET1 capital to risk weighted assets, as defined in the regulation. Under the Basel III rules, in order to avoid limitations on capital distributions, including dividends, the Corporation must hold a capital conservation buffer above the adequately capitalized CET1 capital to risk-weighted assets ratio. The capital conservation buffer was phased in from zero percent in 2015 to the fully-implemented 2.50 percent in 2019. Under Basel III, the Corporation and Bank elected to opt-out of including accumulated other comprehensive income in regulatory capital.
As of March 31, 2020, the Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to be considered well capitalized. There is no threshold for well capitalized status for bank holding companies. The Corporation's and Bank's actual and required capital ratios as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were as follows:

|  |  | Prompt Corrective Action Thresholds
| Actual |  | Adequately Capitalized |  | Well Capitalized
March 31, 2020 | Amount |  | Ratio |  | Amount |  | Ratio |  | Amount |  | Ratio
Total risk-based capital to risk-weighted assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
First Merchants Corporation | $ | 1,376,610 |  |  | 13.80 | % |  | $ | 798,277 |  |  | 8.00 | % |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |
First Merchants Bank | 1,325,041 |  |  | 13.22 |  |  | 801,563 |  |  | 8.00 |  |  | $ | 1,001,954 |  |  | 10.00 | %
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
First Merchants Corporation | $ | 1,212,156 |  |  | 12.15 | % |  | $ | 598,708 |  |  | 6.00 | % |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |
First Merchants Bank | 1,225,587 |  |  | 12.23 |  |  | 601,173 |  |  | 6.00 |  |  | $ | 801,563 |  |  | 8.00 | %
CET1 capital to risk-weighted assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
First Merchants Corporation | $ | 1,155,737 |  |  | 11.58 | % |  | $ | 449,031 |  |  | 4.50 | % |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |
First Merchants Bank | 1,225,587 |  |  | 12.23 |  |  | 450,879 |  |  | 4.50 |  |  | $ | 651,270 |  |  | 6.50 | %
Tier 1 capital to average assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
First Merchants Corporation | $ | 1,212,156 |  |  | 10.10 | % |  | $ | 480,192 |  |  | 4.00 | % |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |
First Merchants Bank | 1,225,587 |  |  | 10.24 |  |  | 478,688 |  |  | 4.00 |  |  | $ | 598,360 |  |  | 5.00 | %

|  |  | Prompt Corrective Action Thresholds
| Actual |  | Adequately Capitalized |  | Well Capitalized
December 31, 2019 | Amount |  | Ratio |  | Amount |  | Ratio |  | Amount |  | Ratio
Total risk-based capital to risk-weighted assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
First Merchants Corporation | $ | 1,400,617 |  |  | 14.29 | % |  | $ | 783,946 |  |  | 8.00 | % |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |
First Merchants Bank | 1,267,649 |  |  | 12.87 |  |  | 787,753 |  |  | 8.00 |  |  | $ | 984,691 |  |  | 10.00 | %
Tier 1 capital to risk weighted assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
First Merchants Corporation | $ | 1,255,333 |  |  | 12.81 | % |  | $ | 587,960 |  |  | 6.00 | % |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |
First Merchants Bank | 1,187,365 |  |  | 12.06 |  |  | 590,815 |  |  | 6.00 |  |  | $ | 787,753 |  |  | 8.00 | %
CET1 capital to risk-weighted assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
First Merchants Corporation | $ | 1,188,970 |  |  | 12.13 | % |  | $ | 440,970 |  |  | 4.50 | % |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |
First Merchants Bank | 1,187,365 |  |  | 12.06 |  |  | 443,111 |  |  | 4.50 |  |  | $ | 640,049 |  |  | 6.50 | %
Tier 1 capital to average assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
First Merchants Corporation | $ | 1,255,333 |  |  | 10.54 | % |  | $ | 476,383 |  |  | 4.00 | % |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |
First Merchants Bank | 1,187,365 |  |  | 9.99 |  |  | 475,564 |  |  | 4.00 |  |  | $ | 594,455 |  |  | 5.00 | %

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PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Management believes that all of the above capital ratios are meaningful measurements for evaluating the safety and soundness of the Corporation. Traditionally, the banking regulators have assessed bank and bank holding company capital adequacy based on both the amount and the composition of capital, the calculation of which is prescribed in federal banking regulations. The Federal Reserve focuses its assessment of capital adequacy on a component of Tier 1 capital known as CET1. Because the Federal Reserve has long indicated that voting common shareholders' equity (essentially Tier 1 risk-based capital less preferred stock and non-controlling interest in subsidiaries) generally should be the dominant element in Tier 1 risk-based capital, this focus on CET1 is consistent with existing capital adequacy categories. Tier I regulatory capital consists primarily of total stockholders’ equity and subordinated debentures issued to business trusts categorized as qualifying borrowings, less non-qualifying intangible assets and unrealized net securities gains or losses.

| March 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) | First Merchants Corporation |  | First Merchants Bank |  | First Merchants Corporation |  | First Merchants Bank
Total Risk-Based Capital |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Stockholders' Equity (GAAP) | $ | 1,777,960 |  |  | $ | 1,850,513 |  |  | $ | 1,786,437 |  |  | $ | 1,787,006 |
Adjust for Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Income) Loss (1) | (53,656 | ) |  | (56,807 | ) |  | (27,874 | ) |  | (30,495 | )
Less: Preferred Stock | (125 | ) |  | (125 | ) |  | (125 | ) |  | (125 | )
Add: Qualifying Capital Securities | 56,419 |  |  | — |  |  | 66,363 |  |  | — |
Less: Disallowed Goodwill and Intangible Assets | (568,442 | ) |  | (567,994 | ) |  | (569,468 | ) |  | (569,021 | )
Total Tier 1 Capital (Regulatory) | 1,212,156 |  |  | 1,225,587 |  |  | 1,255,333 |  |  | 1,187,365 |
Qualifying Subordinated Debentures | 65,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 65,000 |  |  | — |
Allowance for Loan Losses Includible in Tier 2 Capital | 99,454 |  |  | 99,454 |  |  | 80,284 |  |  | 80,284 |
Total Risk-Based Capital (Regulatory) | $ | 1,376,610 |  |  | $ | 1,325,041 |  |  | $ | 1,400,617 |  |  | $ | 1,267,649 |
Net Risk-Weighted Assets (Regulatory) | $ | 9,978,462 |  |  | $ | 10,019,543 |  |  | $ | 9,799,329 |  |  | $ | 9,846,913 |
Average Assets (Regulatory) | $ | 12,004,796 |  |  | $ | 11,967,196 |  |  | $ | 11,909,571 |  |  | $ | 11,889,092 |
Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio (Regulatory) | 13.80 | % |  | 13.22 | % |  | 14.29 | % |  | 12.87 | %
Tier 1 Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets | 12.15 | % |  | 12.23 | % |  | 12.81 | % |  | 12.06 | %
Tier 1 Capital to Average Assets | 10.10 | % |  | 10.24 | % |  | 10.54 | % |  | 9.99 | %
CET1 Capital Ratio |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Tier 1 Capital (Regulatory) | $ | 1,212,156 |  |  | $ | 1,225,587 |  |  | $ | 1,255,333 |  |  | $ | 1,187,365 |
Less: Qualified Capital Securities | (56,419 | ) |  | — |  |  | (66,363 | ) |  | — |
CET1 Capital (Regulatory) | $ | 1,155,737 |  |  | $ | 1,225,587 |  |  | $ | 1,188,970 |  |  | $ | 1,187,365 |
Net Risk-Weighted Assets (Regulatory) | $ | 9,978,462 |  |  | $ | 10,019,543 |  |  | $ | 9,799,329 |  |  | $ | 9,846,913 |
CET1 Capital Ratio (Regulatory) | 11.58 | % |  | 12.23 | % |  | 12.13 | % |  | 12.06 | %

(1) Includes net unrealized gains or losses on available for sale securities, net gains or losses on cash flow hedges, and amounts resulting from the application of the applicable accounting guidance for defined benefit and other postretirement plans.
Additionally, management believes the following tables are also meaningful when considering performance measures of the Corporation. Non-GAAP financial measures such as tangible common equity to tangible assets, return on average tangible capital and return on average tangible assets are important measures of the strength of the Corporation's capital and ability to generate earnings on tangible common equity invested by our shareholders. These non-GAAP measures provide useful supplemental information and may assist investors in analyzing the
Corporation’s financial position without regard to the effects of intangible assets and preferred stock. Disclosure of these measures also allows analysts and banking regulators to assess our capital adequacy on these same bases.
Because these measures are not defined in GAAP or federal banking regulations, they are considered non-GAAP financial measures. Non-GAAP financial measures have inherent limitations, are not required to be uniformly applied, and are not audited. Although these non-GAAP financial measures are frequently used by investors to evaluate a company, they have limitations as analytical tools, and should not be considered in isolation, or as a substitute for analyses of results as reported under GAAP.
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Table of Contents
PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The Corporation had a strong capital position as evidenced by the tangible common equity to tangible assets ratio of 9.91 percent at March 31, 2020, and 10.16 percent at December 31, 2019.

| Tangible Common Equity to Tangible Assets (non-GAAP)
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) | March 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Total Stockholders' Equity (GAAP) | $ | 1,777,960 |  |  | $ | 1,786,437 |
Less: Cumulative preferred stock (GAAP) | (125 | ) |  | (125 | )
Less: Intangible assets (GAAP) | (577,366 | ) |  | (578,881 | )
Tangible common equity (non-GAAP) | $ | 1,200,469 |  |  | $ | 1,207,431 |
Total assets (GAAP) | $ | 12,693,518 |  |  | $ | 12,457,254 |
Less: Intangible assets (GAAP) | (577,366 | ) |  | (578,881 | )
Tangible assets (non-GAAP) | $ | 12,116,152 |  |  | $ | 11,878,373 |
Stockholders' Equity to Assets (GAAP) | 14.01 | % |  | 14.34 | %
Tangible common equity to tangible assets (non-GAAP) | 9.91 | % |  | 10.16 | %
Tangible common equity (non-GAAP) | $ | 1,200,469 |  |  | $ | 1,207,431 |
Plus: Tax Benefit of intangibles (non-GAAP) | 6,946 |  |  | 7,257 |
Tangible common equity, net of tax (non-GAAP) | $ | 1,207,415 |  |  | $ | 1,214,688 |
Common Stock outstanding | 53,754 |  |  | 55,368 |
Book Value (GAAP) | $ | 33.08 |  |  | $ | 32.26 |
Tangible book value - common (non-GAAP) | $ | 22.46 |  |  | $ | 21.94 |

The following table details and reconciles tangible earnings per share, return on tangible capital and tangible assets to traditional GAAP measures for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

| Three Months Ended March 31,
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) | 2020 |  | 2019
Average goodwill (GAAP) | $ | 543,919 |  |  | $ | 445,354 |
Average core deposit intangible (GAAP) | 34,335 |  |  | 23,819 |
Average deferred tax on CDI (GAAP) | (7,129 | ) |  | (4,891 | )
Intangible adjustment (non-GAAP) | $ | 571,125 |  |  | $ | 464,282 |
Average stockholders' equity (GAAP) | $ | 1,816,418 |  |  | $ | 1,429,739 |
Average cumulative preferred stock (GAAP) | (125 | ) |  | (125 | )
Intangible adjustment (non-GAAP) | (571,125 | ) |  | (464,282 | )
Average tangible capital (non-GAAP) | $ | 1,245,168 |  |  | $ | 965,332 |
Average assets (GAAP) | $ | 12,573,238 |  |  | $ | 10,080,142 |
Intangible adjustment (non-GAAP) | (571,125 | ) |  | (464,282 | )
Average tangible assets (non-GAAP) | $ | 12,002,113 |  |  | $ | 9,615,860 |
Net income available to common stockholders (GAAP) | $ | 34,263 |  |  | $ | 38,817 |
CDI amortization, net of tax (GAAP) | 1,197 |  |  | 1,207 |
Tangible net income available to common stockholders (non-GAAP) | $ | 35,460 |  |  | $ | 40,024 |
Per Share Data: |  |  |
Diluted net income available to common stockholders (GAAP) | $ | 0.62 |  |  | $ | 0.78 |
Diluted tangible net income available to common stockholders (non-GAAP) | $ | 0.65 |  |  | $ | 0.81 |
Ratios: |  |  |
Return on average GAAP capital (ROE) | 7.55 | % |  | 10.86 | %
Return on average tangible capital | 11.39 | % |  | 16.58 | %
Return on average assets (ROA) | 1.09 | % |  | 1.54 | %
Return on average tangible assets | 1.18 | % |  | 1.66 | %

Return on average tangible capital is tangible net income available to common stockholders (annualized) expressed as a percentage of average tangible capital. Return on average tangible assets is tangible net income available to common stockholders (annualized) expressed as a percentage of average tangible assets.
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Table of Contents
PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
LOAN QUALITY/PROVISION FOR LOAN LOSSES
The Corporation’s primary lending focus is small business and middle market commercial, commercial real estate and residential real estate, which results in portfolio diversification. Commercial loans are individually underwritten and judgmentally risk rated. They are periodically monitored and prompt corrective actions are taken on deteriorating loans. Consumer loans are typically underwritten with statistical decision-making tools and are managed throughout their life cycle on a portfolio basis.
Loan Quality
The quality of the loan portfolio and the amount of non-performing loans may increase or decrease as a result of acquisitions, organic portfolio growth, problem loan recognition and resolution through collections, sales or charge-offs. The performance of any loan can be affected by external factors such as economic conditions, or internal factors specific to a particular borrower, such as the actions of a customer's internal management.
At March 31, 2020, non-performing loans totaled $16,314,000, a decrease of $476,000 from December 31, 2019. Loans not accruing interest income totaled $15,649,000 at March 31, 2020, a decrease of $300,000 from December 31, 2019. The Corporation’s coverage ratio of allowance for loan losses to non-accrual loans increased from 503.4 percent at December 31, 2019 to 635.5 percent at March 31, 2020. Troubled debt restructures totaled $665,000 at March 31, 2020, a decrease of $176,000 from December 31, 2019. See additional information regarding the allowance for loan losses in the “Provision for Loan Losses” section of this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Other real estate owned and repossessions, totaling $8,017,000 at March 31, 2020, increased $448,000 from December 31, 2019. For other real estate owned, current appraisals are obtained to determine fair value as management continues to aggressively market these real estate assets.
Impaired loans include loans deemed impaired according to the guidance set forth in ASC 310-10. Commercial loans under $500,000 and consumer loans, with the exception of troubled debt restructures, are not individually evaluated for impairment. A loan is deemed impaired when, based on current information or events, it is probable that all amounts due of principal and interest according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement will not be collected substantially within the contractual terms of the note. At March 31, 2020, impaired loans totaled $12,813,000, an increase of $1,104,000 from the December 31, 2019 balance of $11,709,000. Also at March 31, 2020, a specific allowance for losses was not deemed necessary for impaired loans totaling $8,340,000 as there were no identified losses on these credits. An allowance of $616,000 was recorded for the remaining balance of these impaired loans totaling $4,473,000, and was included in the Corporation’s allowance for loan losses.
The Corporation's non-performing assets plus accruing loans 90-days or more delinquent and impaired loans are presented in the table below.

(Dollars in Thousands) |  | March 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Non-Performing Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-accrual loans |  | $ | 15,649 |  |  | $ | 15,949 |
Renegotiated loans |  | 665 |  |  | 841 |
Non-performing loans (NPL) |  | 16,314 |  |  | 16,790 |
OREO and Repossessions |  | 8,017 |  |  | 7,527 |
Non-performing assets (NPA) |  | 24,331 |  |  | 24,317 |
Loans 90-days or more delinquent and still accruing |  | 312 |  |  | 69 |
NPAs and loans 90-days or more delinquent |  | $ | 24,643 |  |  | $ | 24,386 |
Impaired Loans |  | $ | 12,813 |  |  | $ | 11,709 |

The non-accrual balances in the table above include troubled debt loan restructures totaling $546,000 and $709,000 as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
The composition of non-performing assets plus accruing loans 90-days or more delinquent is reflected in the following table.

(Dollars in Thousands) | March 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Non-performing assets and loans 90-days or more delinquent: |  |  |
Commercial and industrial loans | $ | 1,967 |  |  | $ | 1,259 |
Agricultural production financing and other loans to farmers | — |  |  | 183 |
Real estate loans: |  |  |
Construction | 7,308 |  |  | 7,191 |
Commercial and farmland | 7,517 |  |  | 7,103 |
Residential | 5,989 |  |  | 6,810 |
Home equity | 1,754 |  |  | 1,795 |
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures | 66 |  |  | 45 |
Public finance and other commercial loans | 42 |  |  | — |
Non-performing assets and loans 90-days or more delinquent: | $ | 24,643 |  |  | $ | 24,386 |

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Table of Contents
PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Although the Corporation believes its underwriting and loan review procedures are appropriate for the various kinds of loans it makes, its results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected in the event the quality of its loan portfolio declines. Deterioration in the economic environment including residential and commercial real estate values may result in increased levels of loan delinquencies and credit losses.
Provision and Allowance for Loan Losses
As noted in the "COVID-19, THE CARES ACT AND RELATED REGULATORY ACTIONS" section of this Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, the Corporation elected to defer the adoption of CECL and to continue to use the incurred loss model for calculating the Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses. The allowance is maintained through the provision for loan losses, which is a charge against earnings. Based on management’s judgment as to the appropriate level of the allowance for loan losses, the amount provided in any period may be greater or less than net loan losses for the same period. The determination of the provision amount and the adequacy of the allowance in any period is based on management’s continuing review and evaluation of the loan portfolio, including an internally administered loan "watch" list and independent loan reviews. The evaluation also takes into consideration identified credit problems, portfolio growth, management's judgment as to the impact of current economic conditions on the portfolio and the possibility of losses inherent in the loan portfolio that are not specifically identified.
In conformance with ASC 805 and ASC 820, purchased loans are recorded at the acquisition date fair value. Such loans are included in the allowance to the extent a specific impairment is identified that exceeds the fair value adjustment on an impaired loan. An allowance may also be necessary if the historical loss and environmental factor analysis indicates losses inherent in a purchased portfolio exceed the fair value adjustment on the portion of the purchased portfolio not deemed impaired.
At March 31, 2020, the allowance for loan losses was $99,454,000, an increase of $19,170,000 from December 31, 2019 and an increase of $18,552,000 from March 31, 2019. As a percent of loans, the allowance was 1.15 percent at March 31, 2020 compared to 0.95 percent at December 31, 2019 and 1.11 percent at March 31, 2019. The increase in the allowance as a percentage of loans was primarily due to an increase in the qualitative factor for economic conditions to account for the impending impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The government actions taken to reduce the spread of the virus have significantly impacted the state and local economies in which we operate. Shelter in place orders have put limitations on the operations of our commercial customers which will impact their ability to make contractual loan payments.
See discussion of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the “COVID-19, THE CARES ACT AND RELATED REGULATORY ACTIONS” section of this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
The provision for loan losses for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was $19,752,000. Comparatively, the provision for loan losses for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was $1,200,000. Specific reserves on impaired loans decreased $73,000 from $689,000 at December 31, 2019, to $616,000 at March 31, 2020.
Net charge-offs totaling $582,000 were recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2020. Comparatively, the same period in 2019 had net charge-offs of $850,000. For the three months ended March 31, 2020, there were no individual charge-offs or recoveries greater than $500,000. While the same period in 2019 had one individual charge-off totaling $1,068,000 but no recoveries greater than $500,000. The distribution of the net charge-offs (recoveries) for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 are reflected in the following table:

| Three Months Ended March 31,
(Dollars in Thousands) | 2020 |  | 2019
Net charge-offs (Recoveries): |  |  |
Commercial and industrial loans | $ | 129 |  |  | $ | (123 | )
Agricultural production financing and other loans to farmers | 43 |  |  | 19 |
Real estate loans: |  |  |
Construction | (37 | ) |  | 957 |
Commercial and farmland | 102 |  |  | (13 | )
Residential | (7 | ) |  | 80 |
Home equity | 145 |  |  | (41 | )
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures | 207 |  |  | 43 |
Public finance and other commercial loans | — |  |  | (72 | )
Total net charge-offs | $ | 582 |  |  | $ | 850 |

Management continually evaluates the commercial loan portfolio by including consideration of specific borrower cash flow analysis and estimated collateral values, types and amounts on non-performing loans, past and anticipated loan loss experience, changes in the composition of the loan portfolio, and the current condition and amount of loans outstanding. The determination of the provision for loan losses in any period is based on management’s continuing review and evaluation of the loan portfolio, and its judgment as to the impact of current economic conditions on the portfolio.
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Table of Contents
PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
LIQUIDITY
Liquidity management is the process by which the Corporation ensures that adequate liquid funds are available for the holding company and its subsidiaries. These funds are necessary in order to meet financial commitments on a timely basis. These commitments include withdrawals by depositors, funding credit obligations to borrowers, paying dividends to stockholders, paying operating expenses, funding capital expenditures, and maintaining deposit reserve requirements. Liquidity is monitored and closely managed by the asset/liability committee.
The Corporation’s liquidity is dependent upon the receipt of dividends from the Bank, which is subject to certain regulatory limitations and access to other funding sources. Liquidity of the Bank is derived primarily from core deposit growth, principal payments received on loans, the sale and maturity of investment securities, net cash provided by operating activities, and access to other funding sources.
The principal source of asset-funded liquidity is investment securities classified as available for sale, the market values of which totaled $1.8 billion at March 31, 2020, an increase of $25.8 million, or 1.4 percent, from December 31, 2019. Securities classified as held to maturity that are maturing within a short period of time can also be a source of liquidity. Securities classified as held to maturity and that are maturing in one year or less totaled $8.7 million at March 31, 2020. In addition, other types of assets such as cash and interest-bearing deposits with other banks, federal funds sold and loans maturing within one year are sources of liquidity.
The most stable source of liability-funded liquidity for both the long-term and short-term is deposit growth and retention in the core deposit base. Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase are also considered a source of liquidity. In addition, FHLB advances are utilized as funding sources. At March 31, 2020, total borrowings from the FHLB were $481.0 million The Bank has pledged certain mortgage loans and investments to the FHLB. The total available remaining borrowing capacity from the FHLB at March 31, 2020 was $611.3 million.
The required payments related to operating leases and borrowings at March 31, 2020 are as follows:

(Dollars in Thousands) | Remaining 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 and after |  | ASC 805 fair value adjustments at acquisition |  | Total
Operating leases | $ | 2,537 |  |  | $ | 3,179 |  |  | $ | 3,057 |  |  | $ | 2,663 |  |  | $ | 2,591 |  |  | $ | 10,199 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 24,226 |
Federal funds purchased | 47,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 47,000 |
Securities sold under repurchase agreements | 183,317 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 183,317 |
Federal Home Loan Bank advances | 101,360 |  |  | 55,097 |  |  | 75,097 |  |  | 115,097 |  |  | 97 |  |  | 134,247 |  |  | — |  |  | 480,995 |
Subordinated debentures and term loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 132,322 |  |  | (3,581 | ) |  | 128,741 |
Total | $ | 334,214 |  |  | $ | 58,276 |  |  | $ | 78,154 |  |  | $ | 117,760 |  |  | $ | 2,688 |  |  | $ | 276,768 |  |  | $ | (3,581 | ) |  | $ | 864,279 |

On March 16, 2020, the Corporation partially redeemed $10.0 million of subordinated debentures, of which all debentures were held by First Merchants Capital Trust II (“FMC Trust”). As a result, FMC Trust used the proceeds from such partial redemption to concurrently redeem a like amount of its capital securities with an aggregate redemption price of $10.0 million. Debentures issued by the Corporation in the principal amount of $41.7 million remain outstanding with a maturity date of September 15, 2037.
Also, in the normal course of business, the Bank is a party to a number of other off-balance sheet activities that contain credit, market and operational risk that are not reflected in whole or in part in our consolidated financial statements. These activities primarily consist of traditional off-balance sheet credit-related financial instruments such as loan commitments and standby letters of credit.
Summarized credit-related financial instruments at March 31, 2020 are as follows:

(Dollars in Thousands) | March 31, 2020
Amounts of commitments: |
Loan commitments to extend credit | $ | 2,900,955 |
Standby and commercial letters of credit | 29,840 |
| $ | 2,930,795 |

Since many of the commitments are expected to expire unused or be only partially used, the total amount of unused commitments in the preceding table does not necessarily represent future cash requirements.
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Table of Contents
PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
INTEREST SENSITIVITY AND DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK
Asset/Liability management has been an important factor in the Corporation's ability to record consistent earnings growth through periods of interest rate volatility and product deregulation. Management and the Board of Directors monitor the Corporation's liquidity and interest sensitivity positions at regular meetings to review how changes in interest rates may affect earnings. Decisions regarding investment and the pricing of loan and deposit products are made after analysis of reports designed to measure liquidity, rate sensitivity, the Corporation’s exposure to changes in net interest income given various rate scenarios and the economic and competitive environments.
It is the objective of the Corporation to monitor and manage risk exposure to net interest income caused by changes in interest rates. It is the goal of the Corporation’s Asset/Liability management function to provide optimum and stable net interest income. To accomplish this, management uses two asset liability tools. GAP/Interest Rate Sensitivity Reports and Net Interest Income Simulation Modeling are constructed, presented and monitored quarterly. Management believes that the Corporation's liquidity and interest sensitivity position at March 31, 2020, remained adequate to meet the Corporation’s primary goal of achieving optimum interest margins while avoiding undue interest rate risk.
Net interest income simulation modeling, or earnings-at-risk, measures the sensitivity of net interest income to various interest rate movements. The Corporation's asset liability process monitors simulated net interest income under three separate interest rate scenarios; base, rising and falling. Estimated net interest income for each scenario is calculated over a twelve-month horizon. The immediate and parallel changes to the base case scenario used in the model are presented below. The interest rate scenarios are used for analytical purposes and do not necessarily represent management's view of future market movements. Rather, these are intended to provide a measure of the degree of volatility interest rate movements may introduce into the earnings of the Corporation.
The base scenario is highly dependent on numerous assumptions embedded in the model, including assumptions related to future interest rates. While the base sensitivity analysis incorporates management's best estimate of interest rate and balance sheet dynamics under various market rate movements, the actual behavior and resulting earnings impact will likely differ from that projected. For certain assets, the base simulation model captures the expected prepayment behavior under changing interest rate environments. Assumptions and methodologies regarding the interest rate or balance behavior of indeterminate maturity products, such as savings, money market, interest-bearing and demand deposits, reflect management's best estimate of expected future behavior. Historical retention rate assumptions are applied to non-maturity deposits for modeling purposes.
The comparative rising 200 basis points and falling 100 basis points scenarios below, as of March 31, 2020, assume further interest rate changes in addition to the base simulation discussed above. These changes are immediate and parallel changes to the base case scenario. In the current rate environment, many drivers are at or near historical lows due to the FOMC's rate reductions in March 2020 in response to COVID-19. Total rate movements (beginning point minus ending point) to each of the various driver rates utilized by management have the following results:

|  | March 31, 2020
|  | RISING |  | FALLING
Driver Rates |  | (200 Basis Points) |  | (100 Basis Points)
Prime |  | 200 |  | — |
Federal funds |  | 200 |  | — |
One-year CMT |  | 200 |  | (6 | )
Three-year CMT |  | 200 |  | (1 | )
Five-year CMT |  | 200 |  | — |
CD's |  | 200 |  | (24 | )
FHLB advances |  | 200 |  | (19 | )

Results for the base, rising 200 basis points, and falling 100 basis points interest rate scenarios are listed below based upon the Corporation’s rate sensitive assets and liabilities at March 31, 2020. The net interest income shown represents cumulative net interest income over a twelve-month time horizon. Balance sheet assumptions used for the base scenario are the same for the rising and falling simulations.

|  | March 31, 2020
|  |  |  | RISING |  | FALLING
(Dollars in Thousands) |  | Base |  | (200 Basis Points) |  | (100 Basis Points)
Net interest income |  | $ | 339,784 |  |  | $ | 365,639 |  |  | $ | 332,342 |
Variance from base |  |  |  | $ | 25,854 |  |  | $ | (7,442 | )
Percent of change from base |  |  |  | 7.6 | % |  | (2.2 | )%

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Table of Contents
PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The comparative rising 200 basis points and falling 100 basis points scenarios below, as of December 31, 2019, assume further interest rate changes in addition to the base simulation discussed above. These changes are immediate and parallel changes to the base case scenario. Total rate movements (beginning point minus ending point) to each of the various driver rates utilized by management in the base simulation are as follows:

|  | December 31, 2019
|  | RISING |  | FALLING
Driver Rates |  | (200 Basis Points) |  | (100 Basis Points)
Prime |  | 200 |  | (100 | )
Federal funds |  | 200 |  | (100 | )
One-year CMT |  | 200 |  | (100 | )
Three-year CMT |  | 200 |  | (100 | )
Five-year CMT |  | 200 |  | (100 | )
CD's |  | 200 |  | (24 | )
FHLB advances |  | 200 |  | (89 | )

Results for the base, rising 200 basis points, and falling 100 basis points interest rate scenarios are listed below based upon the Corporation’s rate sensitive assets and liabilities at December 31, 2019. The net interest income shown represents cumulative net interest income over a twelve-month time horizon. Balance sheet assumptions used for the base scenario are the same for the rising and falling simulations.

|  | December 31, 2019
|  |  |  | RISING |  | FALLING
(Dollars in Thousands) |  | Base |  | (200 Basis Points) |  | (100 Basis Points)
Net interest income |  | $ | 368,024 |  |  | $ | 389,367 |  |  | $ | 355,191 |
Variance from base |  |  |  | $ | 21,343 |  |  | $ | (12,833 | )
Percent of change from base |  |  |  | 5.8 | % |  | (3.5 | )%

EARNING ASSETS
The following table presents the earning asset mix as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. Earning assets increased by $260.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020.
Interest-bearing time deposits and investment securities increased $14.7 million and $101.9 million, respectively, since December 31, 2019 primarily as a result of excess liquidity generated from deposit growth and additional wholesale funding during the same period. Also contributing to the increase in investment securities was a $33.9 million increase in net unrealized gains on the available for sale portfolio. The net increase in unrealized gains from December 31, 2019 to March 31, 2020 is primarily due to interest rate declines during the quarter as the longer term points on the yield curve have declined since year-end, which increases the fair value of securities in the portfolio.
Loans and loans held for sale increased $143.5 million from December 31, 2019. The largest loan segments that experienced increases were commercial and farmland real estate, commercial and industrial and public finance and other commercial loans. The largest loan segments that experienced decreases were construction, residential and home equity real estate loans. Additional details of the changes in the Corporation's loan portfolio are discussed within NOTE 4. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE of the Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

(Dollars in Thousands) |  | March 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Interest-bearing time deposits |  | $ | 132,944 |  |  | $ | 118,263 |
Investment securities available for sale |  | 1,815,755 |  |  | 1,790,025 |
Investment securities held to maturity |  | 882,179 |  |  | 806,038 |
Loans held for sale |  | 5,039 |  |  | 9,037 |
Loans |  | 8,606,849 |  |  | 8,459,310 |
Federal Home Loan Bank stock |  | 28,736 |  |  | 28,736 |
Total |  | $ | 11,471,502 |  |  | $ | 11,211,409 |

OTHER
The Securities and Exchange Commission maintains a web site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding registrants that file electronically with the Commission, including the Corporation, and that address is (http://www.sec.gov).
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Table of Contents
PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE
DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
The information required under this item is included as part of Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, under the headings “LIQUIDITY” and “INTEREST SENSITIVITY AND DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK”.
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Table of Contents
PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
At the end of the period covered by this report, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective. Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 are recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms.
There have been no changes in the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation discussed above that occurred during the Corporation’s last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II: OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1., ITEM 1A., ITEM 2., ITEM 3., ITEM 4. AND ITEM 5.
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
There are no pending legal proceedings, other than litigation incidental to the ordinary business of the Corporation or its subsidiaries, of a material nature to which the Corporation or its subsidiaries is a party or of which any of their properties are subject. Further, there are no material legal proceedings in which any director, officer, principal shareholder, or affiliate of the Corporation, or any associate of any such director, officer or principal shareholder, is a party, or has a material interest, adverse to the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries.
None of the routine legal proceedings, individually or in the aggregate, in which the Corporation or its affiliates are involved are expected to have a material adverse impact on the financial position or the results of operations of the Corporation.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Except for the additional risk factors set forth below, there have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in the Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and measures intended to prevent its spread have adversely impacted the Corporation’s business and financial results, and the ultimate impact will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including the severity and duration of the pandemic and further actions taken by governmental authorities and other third parties to contain and treat the virus.
In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a global pandemic. Also in March 2020, the President of the Unites States declared the COVID-19 outbreak a national emergency. The health concerns relating to the COVID-19 outbreak and related governmental actions taken to reduce the spread of the virus have significantly impacted the global economy (including the states and local economies in which we operate), disrupted supply chains, lowered equity market valuations, and created significant volatility and disruption in financial markets. The outbreak has resulted in authorities implementing numerous measures to try to contain the virus, such as travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, shelter in place or total lock-down orders and business limitations and shutdowns. Such measures have significantly contributed to rising unemployment and negatively impacted consumer and business spending. As a result, the demand for the Corporation’s products and services has been, and will continue to be, significantly impacted. Furthermore, the pandemic has caused, and could continue to influence, the recognition of credit losses in the Corporation’s loan portfolios and increases in the Corporation’s allowance for credit losses as our customers are negatively impacted by the economic downturn. In addition, governmental actions have resulted in decreased interest rates and yields, which may lead to decreases in the Corporation’s net interest income and non-interest income.
The spread of COVID-19 has caused the Corporation to modify is business practices (including developing work from home and social distancing plans for our employees), and we may take further actions as may be required by government authorities or as we determine are in the best interests of our employees, customers and business partners. There is no certainty that such measures will be sufficient to mitigate the risks posed by the virus or will otherwise be satisfactory to government authorities. Furthermore, the Corporation’s business operations have been, and may again in the future be, disrupted due to vendors and third-party service providers being unable to work or provide services effectively, including because of illness, quarantines, government actions, or other restrictions in connection with the pandemic.
The extent to which the coronavirus outbreak impacts the Corporation’s business, results of operations and financial condition, as well as its regulatory capital and liquidity ratios, will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and are difficult to predict, including, but not limited to, the duration and spread of the outbreak, its severity, actions taken by governmental authorities and other third parties to contain and treat the virus, and how quickly and to what extent normal economic and operating conditions can resume. Moreover, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic may heighten many of the other risks described in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in the Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, and any subsequent Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or Current Report on Form 8-K. While we do not yet know the full extent of the COVID-19 impact, the negative effects on the Corporation’s business, results of operations and financial condition could be material.
As a participating lender in the Small Business Administration’s Paycheck Protection Program (the “PPP” or “program”), the Corporation and the Bank are subject to additional risks of litigation from the Bank’s clients or other parties in connection with the Bank’s processing of loans for the PPP and risks that the SBA may not fund some or all PPP loan guaranties.
On March 27, 2020, the CARES Act was enacted, which included a $349 billion loan program administered through the SBA referred to as the PPP. Under the PPP, small businesses, eligible nonprofits and certain others can apply for loans from existing SBA lenders and other approved regulated lenders that enroll in the program, subject to numerous limitations and eligibility criteria. Under the terms of the program, loans are to be fully guaranteed by the SBA. The Bank is participating as a lender in the PPP. Because of the short timeframe between the passing of the CARES Act and the April 3, 2020 opening of the PPP, there is some ambiguity in the laws, rules and guidance regarding the operation of the program, which exposes the Corporation to risks relating to noncompliance with the PPP. On or about April 16, 2020, the SBA notified lenders that the $349 billion earmarked for the PPP was exhausted. Congress has approved additional funding for the program and the related new legislation was enacted on April 24, 2020. Since the opening of the PPP, several larger banks have been subject to litigation relating to the policies and procedures that they used in processing applications for the program. The Corporation and the Bank may be exposed to the risk of litigation, from both customers and non-customers that have approached the Bank in connection with PPP loans and its policies and procedures used in processing applications for the program. If any such litigation is filed against the Corporation or the Bank and is not resolved in a manner favorable to the Corporation or the Bank, it may result in significant financial liability or adversely affect the Corporation’s reputation. In addition, litigation can be costly, regardless of outcome. Any financial liability, litigation costs or reputational damage caused by PPP-related litigation could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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PART II: OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1., ITEM 1A., ITEM 2., ITEM 3., ITEM 4. AND ITEM 5.
(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)
The Bank also has credit risk on PPP loans if a determination is made by the SBA that there is a deficiency in the manner in which the loan was originated, funded, or serviced by the Bank, such as an issue with the eligibility of a borrower to receive a PPP loan, which may or may not be related to the ambiguity in the laws, rules and guidance regarding the operation of the program. In the event of a loss resulting from a default on a PPP loan and a determination by the SBA that there was a deficiency in the manner in which the PPP loan was originated, funded, or serviced by the Corporation, the SBA may deny its liability under the guaranty, reduce the amount of the guaranty, or, if it has already paid under the guaranty, seek recovery of any loss related to the deficiency from the Bank.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
a. None
b. None
c. Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The following table presents information relating to our purchases of equity securities during the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Period |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased (i) |  | Average Price Paid per Share |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as part of Publicly announced Plans or Programs (ii) |  | Maximum Number of Shares that may yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
January, 2020 |  | 518,610 |  |  | $ | 40.56 |  |  | 518,610 |  |  | 1,965,374 |
February, 2020 |  | 219,883 |  |  | $ | 38.89 |  |  | 219,883 |  |  | 1,745,491 |
March, 2020 |  | 895,944 |  |  | $ | 29.38 |  |  | 895,944 |  |  | — |
Total |  | 1,634,437 |  |  | $ | 34.21 |  |  | 1,634,437 |  |  |

(i) The shares repurchased were pursuant to the Corporation's share repurchase program described in note (ii) below. There were no shares repurchased pursuant to net settlement by employees in satisfaction of income tax withholding obligations incurred through the vesting of the Corporation's restricted stock awards.
(ii) On September 3, 2019, the Board of Directors of the Corporation approved a stock repurchase program of up to 3 million shares of the Corporation’s outstanding common stock; provided, however, that the total aggregate investment in shares repurchased under the program may not exceed $75.0 million. The program did not have an expiration date. However, it could have been discontinued by the Board at any time. Since commencing the program, the Corporation has repurchased a total 2,150,453 of its shares of common stock, reaching the maximum total investment of $75.0 million under the program.
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not Applicable
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
a. None
b. None
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PART II: OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

Exhibit No: | Description of Exhibits:
3.1 | First Merchants Corporation Articles of Incorporation, as amended (Incorporated by reference to registrant’s Form 8-K filed on May 2, 2017) (SEC No. 000-17071)
3.2 | Bylaws of First Merchants Corporation dated August 11, 2016 (Incorporated by reference to registrant’s Form 10-K filed on March 1, 2017) (SEC No. 000-17071)
4.1 | First Merchants Corporation Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust of First Merchants Capital Trust II dated as of July 2, 2007 (Incorporated by reference to registrant's Form 8-K filed on July 3, 2007) (SEC No. 000-17071)
4.2 | Indenture dated as of July 2, 2007 (Incorporated by reference to registrant's Form 8-K filed on July 3, 2007) (SEC No. 000-17071)
4.3 | Guarantee Agreement dated as of July 2, 2007 (Incorporated by reference to registrant's Form 8-K filed on July 3, 2007) (SEC No. 000-17071)
4.4 | Form of Capital Securities Certification of First Merchants Capital Trust II (Incorporated by reference to registrant's Form 8-K filed on July 3, 2007) (SEC No. 000-17071)
4.5 | First Merchants Corporation Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan (Incorporated by reference to registrant’s Form S-3 filed on February 6, 2019) (SEC No. 333-229527)
4.6 | Upon request, the registrant agrees to furnish supplementally to the Commission a copy of the instruments defining the rights of holders of its (a) 5.00% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Senior Notes due 2028 in the aggregate principal amount of $5 million and (b) 6.75% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due 2028 in aggregate principal amount of $65 million.
31.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes - Oxley Act of 2002 (1)
31.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes - Oxley Act of 2002 (1)
32 | Certifications Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (2)
101.INS | Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document (1)
101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document (1)
101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document (1)
101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document (1)
101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document (1)
101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document (1)
104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and included in Exhibit 101)
| (1) Filed herewith.
| (2) Furnished herewith.

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

| First Merchants Corporation
| (Registrant)
May 8, 2020 | By: /s/ Michael C. Rechin
| Michael C. Rechin
| President and Chief Executive Officer
| (Principal Executive Officer)
May 8, 2020 | By: /s/ Mark K. Hardwick
| Mark K. Hardwick
| Executive Vice President,
| Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer
| (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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