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Investment Securities | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2020
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract] |
Investment Securities | INVESTMENT SECURITIES The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses and approximate market value of the Corporation's investment securities at the dates indicated were:
| Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
Available for sale at March 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury | $ | 596 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 600 |
U.S. Government-sponsored agency securities | 12,398 |  |  | 80 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,478 |
State and municipal | 898,991 |  |  | 50,523 |  |  | 306 |  |  | 949,208 |
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities | 820,263 |  |  | 33,296 |  |  | 101 |  |  | 853,458 |
Corporate obligations | 31 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 31 |
Total available for sale | 1,732,279 |  |  | 83,903 |  |  | 407 |  |  | 1,815,775 |
Held to maturity at March 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government-sponsored agency securities | 35,050 |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | 35,058 |
State and municipal | 358,479 |  |  | 18,030 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 376,481 |
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities | 487,150 |  |  | 19,989 |  |  | — |  |  | 507,139 |
Foreign investment | 1,500 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,500 |
Total held to maturity | 882,179 |  |  | 38,027 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 920,178 |
Total Investment Securities | $ | 2,614,458 |  |  | $ | 121,930 |  |  | $ | 435 |  |  | $ | 2,735,953 |
| Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
Available for sale at December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government-sponsored agency securities | $ | 38,529 |  |  | $ | 346 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 38,875 |
State and municipal | 859,511 |  |  | 41,092 |  |  | 807 |  |  | 899,796 |
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities | 842,349 |  |  | 10,378 |  |  | 1,404 |  |  | 851,323 |
Corporate obligations | 31 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 31 |
Total available for sale | 1,740,420 |  |  | 51,816 |  |  | 2,211 |  |  | 1,790,025 |
Held to maturity at December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government-sponsored agency securities | 15,619 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 15,583 |
State and municipal | 354,115 |  |  | 15,151 |  |  | 107 |  |  | 369,159 |
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities | 434,804 |  |  | 6,921 |  |  | 401 |  |  | 441,324 |
Foreign investment | 1,500 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,500 |
Total held to maturity | 806,038 |  |  | 22,073 |  |  | 545 |  |  | 827,566 |
Total Investment Securities | $ | 2,546,458 |  |  | $ | 73,889 |  |  | $ | 2,756 |  |  | $ | 2,617,591 |
The increase in unrealized gains from December 31, 2019 to March 31, 2020 is primarily due to interest rate declines. The longer term points on the yield curve have declined since year-end which increases the fair value of securities in the portfolio. The amortized cost and fair value of available for sale and held to maturity securities at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
| Available for Sale |  | Held to Maturity
| Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value |  | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value
Maturity Distribution at March 31,2020: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Due in one year or less | $ | 1,945 |  |  | $ | 1,965 |  |  | $ | 8,740 |  |  | $ | 8,762 |
Due after one through five years | 4,800 |  |  | 4,932 |  |  | 33,393 |  |  | 33,947 |
Due after five through ten years | 47,807 |  |  | 49,833 |  |  | 107,482 |  |  | 111,986 |
Due after ten years | 857,464 |  |  | 905,587 |  |  | 245,414 |  |  | 258,344 |
| 912,016 |  |  | 962,317 |  |  | 395,029 |  |  | 413,039 |
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities | 820,263 |  |  | 853,458 |  |  | 487,150 |  |  | 507,139 |
Total Investment Securities | $ | 1,732,279 |  |  | $ | 1,815,775 |  |  | $ | 882,179 |  |  | $ | 920,178 |
| Available for Sale |  | Held to Maturity
| Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value |  | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value
Maturity Distribution at December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Due in one year or less | $ | 1,134 |  |  | $ | 1,136 |  |  | $ | 9,920 |  |  | $ | 10,105 |
Due after one through five years | 5,031 |  |  | 5,141 |  |  | 45,197 |  |  | 45,654 |
Due after five through ten years | 74,745 |  |  | 76,920 |  |  | 84,153 |  |  | 88,844 |
Due after ten years | 817,161 |  |  | 855,505 |  |  | 231,964 |  |  | 241,639 |
| 898,071 |  |  | 938,702 |  |  | 371,234 |  |  | 386,242 |
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities | 842,349 |  |  | 851,323 |  |  | 434,804 |  |  | 441,324 |
Total Investment Securities | $ | 1,740,420 |  |  | $ | 1,790,025 |  |  | $ | 806,038 |  |  | $ | 827,566 |
The carrying value of securities pledged as collateral, to secure borrowings and for other purposes, was $576,123,000 at March 31, 2020, and $503,427,000 at December 31, 2019. The book value of securities sold under agreements to repurchase amounted to $174,705,000 at March 31, 2020, and $182,856,000 at December 31, 2019. Gross gains on the sales and redemptions of available for sale securities for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 are shown below.
| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
Sales and Redemptions of Available for Sale Securities: |  |  |
Gross gains | $ | 4,612 |  |  | $ | 1,140 |
Gross losses | — |  |  | — |
The following tables show the Corporation’s gross unrealized losses and fair value, aggregated by investment category and length of time the individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at March 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019:
| Less than 12 Months |  | 12 Months or Longer |  | Total
| Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses
Temporarily Impaired Available for Sale Securities at March 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
State and municipal | $ | 34,304 |  |  | $ | 306 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 34,304 |  |  | $ | 306 |
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities | 17,011 |  |  | 101 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 17,011 |  |  | 101 |
Total Temporarily Impaired Available for Sale Securities | 51,315 |  |  | 407 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 51,315 |  |  | 407 |
Temporarily Impaired Held to Maturity Securities at March 31,2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
State and municipal | 6,815 |  |  | 28 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,815 |  |  | 28 |
Total Temporarily Impaired Held to Maturity Securities | 6,815 |  |  | 28 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,815 |  |  | 28 |
Total Temporarily Impaired Investment Securities | $ | 58,130 |  |  | $ | 435 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 58,130 |  |  | $ | 435 |
| Less than 12 Months |  | 12 Months or Longer |  | Total
| Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses
Temporarily Impaired Available for Sale Securities at December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
State and municipal | $ | 76,273 |  |  | $ | 807 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 76,273 |  |  | $ | 807 |
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities | 127,673 |  |  | 1,326 |  |  | 20,796 |  |  | 78 |  |  | 148,469 |  |  | 1,404 |
Total Temporarily Impaired Available for Sale Securities | 203,946 |  |  | 2,133 |  |  | 20,796 |  |  | 78 |  |  | 224,742 |  |  | 2,211 |
Temporarily Impaired Held to Maturity Securities at December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government-sponsored agency securities | 3,016 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 12,467 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 15,483 |  |  | 37 |
State and municipal | 22,947 |  |  | 107 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 22,947 |  |  | 107 |
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities | 124,253 |  |  | 364 |  |  | 7,991 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 132,244 |  |  | 401 |
Total Temporarily Impaired Held to Maturity Securities | 150,216 |  |  | 475 |  |  | 20,458 |  |  | 70 |  |  | 170,674 |  |  | 545 |
Total Temporarily Impaired Investment Securities | $ | 354,162 |  |  | $ | 2,608 |  |  | $ | 41,254 |  |  | $ | 148 |  |  | $ | 395,416 |  |  | $ | 2,756 |
Certain investments in debt and equity securities are reported in the financial statements at an amount less than their historical cost as indicated in the table below.
| March 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Investments reported at less than historical cost: |  |  |
Historical cost | $ | 58,565 |  |  | $ | 398,172 |
Fair value | 58,130 |  |  | 395,416 |
Gross unrealized losses | $ | 435 |  |  | $ | 2,756 |
Percent of the Corporation's investment portfolio | 2.2 | % |  | 15.2 | %
The Corporation's management believes the decline in fair value for these securities was temporary. Should the impairment of any of these securities become other-than-temporary, the cost basis of the investment will be reduced and the resulting loss recognized in net income during the period the other-than-temporary-impairment ("OTTI") is identified. The Corporation’s management has evaluated all securities with unrealized losses for OTTI and concluded no OTTI existed at March 31, 2020. In determining the fair value of the investment securities portfolio, the Corporation utilizes a third party for portfolio accounting services, including market value input, for those securities classified as Level 1 and Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. The Corporation has obtained an understanding of what inputs are being used by the vendor in pricing the portfolio and how the vendor classified these securities based upon these inputs. From these discussions, the Corporation’s management is comfortable that the classifications are proper. The Corporation has gained trust in the data for two reasons: (a) independent spot testing of the data is conducted by the Corporation through obtaining market quotes from various brokers on a periodic basis; and (b) actual gains or loss resulting from the sale of certain securities has proven the data to be accurate over time. Fair value of securities classified as Level 3 in the valuation hierarchy was determined using a discounted cash flow model that incorporated market estimates of interest rates and volatility in markets that have not been active. State and Municipal Securities The unrealized losses on the Corporation's investments in securities of state and political subdivisions were caused by interest rate changes. The contractual terms of those investments do not permit the issuer to settle the securities at a price less than the amortized cost basis of the investments. Because the Corporation does not intend to sell the investments and it is not more likely than not that the Corporation will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be maturity, the Corporation does not consider those investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired at March 31, 2020. The state and municipal securities portfolio contains unrealized losses of $306,000 on seventeen securities and $28,000 on four securities in the available for sale and held to maturity portfolios, respectively. At March 31, 2020, the Corporation had little to no exposure to municipal bonds related to entertainment receipts, student housing, parking facilities, airports, nursing homes or public transit. U.S. Government-Sponsored Mortgage-Backed Securities The unrealized losses on the Corporation's investment in mortgage-backed securities were a result of interest rate changes. The Corporation expects to recover the amortized cost basis over the term of the securities. Because the decline in market value is attributable to changes in interest rates and not credit quality, and because the Corporation does not intend to sell the investments and it is not more likely than not that the Corporation will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be maturity, the Corporation does not consider those investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired at March 31, 2020. The mortgage-backed securities portfolio contains unrealized losses of $101,000 on three securities in the available for sale portfolio and no unrealized losses in the held to maturity portfolio. All these securities are issued by a U.S. government-sponsored entity and have an implicit or explicit government guarantee. The slowing of prepayments and the forbearance programs resulting from the financial impacts of COVID-19 could increase bond duration and potentially improve market values on these securities.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for investments in certain debt and equity securities. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 942 -SubTopic 320 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&trid=2209399 Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 946 -SubTopic 320 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&trid=2324412 Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 320 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2196928 Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 940 -SubTopic 320 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&trid=2176304 + Details
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