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Borrowings - Narrative (Details) |  |  |  |  | 3 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended |  |  |  |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Mar. 16, 2020 USD ($) | Jul. 14, 2017 USD ($) | Aug. 10, 2015 USD ($) | Nov. 01, 2013 USD ($) investor | Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) | Apr. 23, 2020 USD ($) | Sep. 15, 2012 | Jul. 02, 2007 USD ($) | Mar. 31, 2006 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total available remaining borrowing capacity from FHLB |  |  |  |  | $ 723,300,000 |  | $ 723,300,000 |  |  |  |  |  |
Putable advances with the FHLB |  |  |  |  | 389,430,000 | $ 351,072,000 | 389,430,000 | $ 351,072,000 |  |  |  |  |
Debt face amount |  |  |  | $ 70,000,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Repayment of borrowings |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ 621,548,000 | 643,169,000 | $ 1,677,860,000 |  |  |  |
Private debt issuance, number of institutional investors | investor |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
5.00% Senior Notes Due 2028 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt Instrument [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Redemption price (percent) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 100.00% |  |  |  |  |  |
5% Senior Notes Due 2028 and 6.75% Subordinated Notes due 2028 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt Instrument [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt term with fixed interest rate |  |  |  | 10 years |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Putable Advances |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt Instrument [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Putable advances with the FHLB |  |  |  |  | $ 125,000,000.0 |  | $ 125,000,000.0 |  |  |  |  |  |
Minimum |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt Instrument [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Required value of assets pledged as collateral as a percentage to outstanding advances |  |  |  |  |  |  | 145.00% |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate, minimum (as a percent) |  |  |  |  | 0.35% |  | 0.35% |  |  |  |  |  |
Maximum |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt Instrument [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate, minimum (as a percent) |  |  |  |  | 2.62% |  | 2.62% |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities Sold Under Repurchase Agreements |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt Instrument [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Maximum amount of outstanding agreements |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ 197,900,000 | 191,600,000 |  |  |  |  |
Total of average agreements |  |  |  |  |  |  | 180,700,000 | 136,300,000 |  |  |  |  |
Debt outstanding |  |  |  |  | $ 177,102,000 |  | 177,102,000 |  |  |  |  |  |
Subordinated Debentures and Term Loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt Instrument [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt outstanding |  |  |  |  | 118,380,000 | 138,700,000 | $ 118,380,000 | 138,700,000 |  |  |  |  |
Subordinated Debentures and Term Loans | Grabill Capital Trust I |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt Instrument [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt face amount |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ 10,000,000.0 |  |  |
Subordinated Debenture | 6.75% Subordinated Notes Due 2028 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt Instrument [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt face amount |  |  |  | $ 65,000,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate on notes (as a percent) |  |  |  | 6.75% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Redemption price (percent) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 100.00% |  |  |  |  |  |
Subordinated Debenture | Three-Month LIBOR | 6.75% Subordinated Notes Due 2028 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt Instrument [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4.095% |  |  |  |  |  |
Subordinated Debenture | First Merchant Capital Trust II |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt Instrument [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt outstanding |  |  |  |  | $ 41,700,000 | $ 51,700,000 | $ 41,700,000 | 51,700,000 |  |  |  |  |
Debt face amount | $ 10,000,000.0 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ 56,700,000 |
Cancellation of debt, amount |  |  | $ 5,000,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gain from cancellation of debt |  |  | $ 1,300,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate on notes (as a percent) | 3.45% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6.495% |  |
Interest rate during the period |  |  |  |  | 1.78% | 3.45% |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Subordinated Debenture | First Merchant Capital Trust II | Three-Month LIBOR |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt Instrument [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1.56% |  |  |  |  |  |
Subordinated Debenture | Ameriana Capital Trust I |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt Instrument [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt face amount |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ 10,300,000
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1.50% |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate during the period |  |  |  |  | 1.72% | 3.39% |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Subordinated Debenture | Grabill Capital Trust I |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt Instrument [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt outstanding |  |  |  |  |  | $ 10,300,000 |  | $ 10,300,000 |  |  |  |  |
Debt face amount |  | $ 10,300,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ 10,000,000.0 |  |  |
Interest rate on notes (as a percent) |  |  |  |  |  | 4.53% |  | 4.53% |  | 4.41% |  |  |
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent) |  | 2.60% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Capital Securities | First Merchant Capital Trust II |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt Instrument [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Repayment of borrowings | $ 10,000,000.0 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Senior Notes | 5.00% Senior Notes Due 2028 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt Instrument [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt face amount |  |  |  | $ 5,000,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate on notes (as a percent) |  |  |  | 5.00% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Senior Notes | Three-Month LIBOR | 5.00% Senior Notes Due 2028 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt Instrument [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2.345% |  |  |  |  |  |

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