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BORROWINGS
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
BORROWINGS
BORROWINGS

The following table summarizes the Corporation’s borrowings as of December 31, 2024 and 2023:
December 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Federal funds purchased$99,226 $— 
Securities sold under repurchase agreements142,876 157,280 
Federal Home Loan Bank advances822,554 712,852 
Subordinated debentures and other borrowings93,529 158,644 
Total Borrowings$1,158,185 $1,028,776 
 

Securities sold under repurchase agreements consist of obligations of the Bank to other parties and are secured by U.S. Government-Sponsored Enterprise obligations. The maximum amount of outstanding agreements at any month-end during 2024 and 2023 totaled $194.2 million and $242.2 million, respectively, and the average of such agreements totaled $136.0 million and $171.3 million during 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Transfers Accounted For As Secured Borrowings

The collateral pledged for all repurchase agreements that are accounted for as secured borrowings as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 were:
December 31, 2024
Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements
Overnight and ContinuousUp to 30 Days30-90 DaysGreater Than 90 DaysTotal
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities$142,876 $— $— $— $142,876 

December 31, 2023
Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements
Overnight and ContinuousUp to 30 Days30-90 DaysGreater Than 90 DaysTotal
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities$157,280 $— $— $— $157,280 


Contractual maturities of borrowings as of December 31, 2024, are as follows:
Maturities in Years Ending December 31:Federal Funds PurchasedSecurities Sold
Under Repurchase Agreements		Federal Home
Loan Bank
Advances		Subordinated
Debentures and
Term Loans
2025$99,226 $142,876 $95,000 $1,157 
2026— — 75,000 — 
2027— — 250,000 — 
2028— — 190,000 5,000 
2029— — 150,000 30,000 
2030 and after— — 62,554 60,753 
ASC 805 fair value adjustments at acquisition— — — (3,381)
 $99,226 $142,876 $822,554 $93,529 
At December 31, 2024, the outstanding FHLB advances had interest rates from 1.50 to 4.94 percent and are subject to restrictions or penalties in the event of prepayment. The total available remaining borrowing capacity from the FHLB at December 31, 2024, was $733.1 million. As of December 31, 2024, the Corporation had $305.0 million of putable advances with the FHLB.

Subordinated Debentures and Term Loans. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, subordinated debentures and term loans totaled $93.5 million and $158.6 million, respectively.

•First Merchants Capital Trust II (“FMC Trust II”). At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Corporation had $41.7 million of subordinated debentures issued to FMC Trust II, a wholly-owned statutory business trust. FMC Trust II was formed in July 2007 for purposes of issuing trust preferred securities to investors. At that time, it simultaneously issued and sold its common securities to the Corporation, which constituted all of the issued and outstanding common securities of FMC Trust II. The subordinated debentures, which were purchased with the proceeds of the sale of the trust’s capital securities, are the sole assets of FMC Trust II and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the Corporation. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the subordinated debentures and trust preferred securities bear interest at a variable rate equal to the three-month CME Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“CME Term SOFR”), plus the 0.26161 percent spread adjustment. The interest rate at December 31, 2024 and 2023, was 6.18 percent and 7.21 percent, respectively. The trust preferred securities are currently redeemable at par and without penalty, subject to the Corporation having first redeemed the related subordinated debentures, with the prior approval of the Federal Reserve if then required under applicable capital guidelines or policies. The trust preferred securities and the subordinated debentures of FMC Trust II will mature on September 15, 2037. The Corporation continues to hold all outstanding common securities of FMC Trust II.

•Ameriana Capital Trust I. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Corporation had $10.3 million of subordinated debentures issued to Ameriana Capital Trust I. On December 31, 2015, the Corporation acquired Ameriana Capital Trust I in conjunction with its acquisition of Ameriana Bancorp, Inc. With a trust preferred structure substantially similar to that described above for FMC Trust II, the subordinated debentures held by Ameriana Capital Trust I were purchased with the proceeds of the sale of the trust’s capital securities. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the subordinated debentures and trust preferred securities bear interest at a variable rate equal to the three-month CME Term SOFR, plus the 0.26161 percent spread adjustment. The interest rate at December 31, 2024 and 2023, was 6.12 percent and 7.15 percent, respectively. The trust preferred securities of Ameriana Capital Trust I are currently redeemable at par and without penalty, subject to the Corporation having first redeemed the related subordinated debentures, with the prior approval of the Federal Reserve if then required under applicable capital guidelines or policies. The trust preferred securities and the subordinated debentures of Ameriana Capital Trust I will mature in March 2036. The Corporation continues to hold all of the outstanding common securities of Ameriana Capital Trust I.

•First Merchants Senior Notes and Subordinated Notes. On November 1, 2013, the Corporation completed the private issuance and sale to four institutional investors of an aggregate of $70 million of debt comprised of (a) 5.00 percent Fixed-to-Floating Rate Senior Notes due 2028 in the aggregate principal amount of $5 million (the “Senior Debt”) and (b) 6.75 percent Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due in 2028 in the aggregate principal amount of $65 million (the “Subordinated Debt”). The interest rate on the Senior Debt and Subordinated Debt remained fixed for the first ten (10) years and converted to floating on October 30, 2023. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Senior Debt had an annual floating rate equal to three-month CME Term SOFR, plus the 0.26161 percent spread adjustment, plus 2.345 percent. The interest rate on the Senior Debt was 7.18 percent and 7.98 percent as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Corporation had an option to redeem the Subordinated Debt in whole or in part at a redemption price equal to 100 percent of the principal amount of the redeemed Subordinated Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the date of the redemption. The option of redemption was subject to the approval of the Federal Reserve Board. The Corporation has an option to redeem the Senior Debt in whole or in part at a redemption price equal to 100 percent of the principal amount of the redeemed Senior Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the date of the redemption; provided, however, that no Subordinated Notes (as defined in the Issuing and Paying Agency Agreement) may remain outstanding subsequent to any early redemption of Senior Notes. The Subordinated Debt and the Senior Debt options to redeem began with the interest payment date on October 30, 2023, or on any scheduled interest payment date thereafter. During the first quarter of 2024, the Corporation exercised its rights to redeem $40.0 million in principal and paid the debt in full on the scheduled interest payment date. Additionally, in the second quarter of 2024, the Corporation exercised its rights to redeem the remaining $25.0 million in principal and paid the debt on the scheduled interest payment date. Both redemptions were permitted under the optional redemptions provisions of the Subordinated Note Certificate representing the Subordinated Debt. The Senior Debt agreement contains certain customary representations and warranties and financial and negative covenants. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023 the Corporation was in compliance with these covenants.

•Level One Subordinated Notes. On April 1, 2022, the Corporation assumed certain subordinated notes in conjunction with its acquisition of Level One. The $30.0 million of subordinated notes issued on December 18, 2019 bear a fixed interest rate of 4.75 percent per annum, payable semiannually through December 18, 2024. The notes bear a floating interest rate equal to the three-month CME Term SOFR plus 3.11 percent, payable quarterly, after December 18, 2024 through maturity. The notes mature on December 18, 2029, and the Corporation has the option to redeem any or all of the subordinated notes without premium or penalty any time after December 18, 2024 or upon the occurrence of a tier 2 capital event or tax event. During the first quarter of 2025, the Corporation distributed notice of redemption of $30.0 million in principal amount. The redemption is permitted under the optional redemptions provisions of the Subordinated Notes and will occur in the first quarter of 2025 on the scheduled interest payment date.

•Other Borrowings. During the third quarter of 2023, the Corporation acquired a secured borrowing in conjunction with the purchase of the Indianapolis regional headquarters building. The secured borrowing bears a fixed interest rate of 3.41 percent, has a maturity date of March 2035, and had a balance of $7.1 million and $7.3 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. On April 1, 2022, the Corporation acquired a secured borrowing in conjunction with its acquisition of Level One. The secured borrowing related to a certain loan participation sold by Level One that did not qualify for sales treatment. The secured borrowing bears a fixed rate of 1.00 percent and had a balance of $1.1 million and $1.2 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Line of Credit. As of December 31, 2024, there was no outstanding balance on the line of credit.

•U.S. Bank, N.A. On September 30, 2024, the Corporation entered into a Credit Agreement with U.S. Bank, N.A. (the “Lender”). Under the terms of the Credit Agreement, the Lender has provided the Corporation with a revolving line of credit of up to $75.0 million. The outstanding principal balance under the Credit Facility bears interest at a variable rate equal to the one-month Term SOFR rate plus 2.25 percent. Interest on the outstanding balance is payable quarterly, and the Credit Facility has a maturity date of September 30, 2025. Additionally, the Corporation is subject to a non-refundable facility fee equal to 0.40 percent per annum on the average daily unused amount of the Credit Facility, payable quarterly. The Credit Agreement contains customary representations, warranties and covenants. As of December 31, 2024, the Corporation's outstanding principal balance under the Credit Facility was zero and the Corporation was in compliance with all covenants.