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LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Receivables [Abstract]  
Schedule of Composition of Loan Portfolio by Loan Class
The following table illustrates the composition of the Corporation’s loan portfolio by loan class as of the dates indicated:
December 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Commercial and industrial loans$4,114,292 $3,670,948 
Agricultural land, production and other loans to farmers256,312 263,414 
Real estate loans:
Construction792,144 957,545 
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied2,274,016 2,400,839 
Commercial real estate, owner occupied1,157,944 1,162,083 
Residential2,374,729 2,288,921 
Home equity659,811 617,571 
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures166,028 168,388 
Public finance and other commercial loans1,059,083 956,318 
Loans$12,854,359 $12,486,027 
Schedule of Credit Quality of Loan Portfolio by Loan Class
The following tables summarize the risk grading of the Corporation’s loan portfolio by loan class and gross charge-offs by year of origination for the years indicated. Consumer loans are not risk graded. For the purposes of this disclosure, the consumer loans are classified in the following manner: loans that are less than 30 days past due are Pass, loans 30-89 days past due are Special Mention and loans greater than 89 days past due are Substandard.  The entire balance of a loan is considered delinquent if the minimum payment contractually required to be made is not received by the specified due date.
December 31, 2024
Term Loans (amortized cost basis by origination year)
20242023202220212020PriorRevolving loans amortized cost basisRevolving loans converted to termTotal
Commercial and industrial loans
Pass$1,314,174 $493,138 $196,877 $158,215 $55,639 $49,554 $1,576,409 $130 $3,844,136 
Special Mention14,982 13,282 20,837 1,097 2,222 348 41,187 — 93,955 
Substandard29,238 32,285 26,973 7,249 1,081 1,134 75,649 513 174,122 
Doubtful1,473 606 — — — — — — 2,079 
Total Commercial and industrial loans1,359,867 539,311 244,687 166,561 58,942 51,036 1,693,245 643 4,114,292 
Current period gross write-offs1,242 39,087 341 8,605 500 424 — — 50,199 
Agricultural land, production and other loans to farmers
Pass28,600 23,070 30,518 26,442 27,105 29,930 84,502 — 250,167 
Special Mention169 — 245 — 446 422 528 — 1,810 
Substandard2,554 48 800 682 34 81 136 — 4,335 
Total Agricultural land, production and other loans to farmers31,323 23,118 31,563 27,124 27,585 30,433 85,166 — 256,312 
Current period gross write-offs— — — — — — — — — 
Real estate loans:
Construction
Pass241,622 203,829 114,794 31,864 6,398 8,549 12,836 — 619,892 
Special Mention74,879 21,853 19,019 15,214 — 40 — — 131,005 
Substandard22,305 — 18,292 — — — — — 40,597 
Doubtful— — — 650 — — — — 650 
Total Construction338,806 225,682 152,105 47,728 6,398 8,589 12,836 — 792,144 
Current period gross write-offs— — — — — — — — — 
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied
Pass383,279 275,907 342,442 406,289 327,372 278,362 19,863 — 2,033,514 
Special Mention79,440 9,051 35,230 12,975 5,287 28,200 — — 170,183 
Substandard34,215 2,506 6,737 6,656 18,607 1,598 — — 70,319 
Total Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied496,934 287,464 384,409 425,920 351,266 308,160 19,863 — 2,274,016 
Current period gross write-offs— 339 — — — — 343 
Commercial real estate, owner occupied
Pass194,703 141,964 164,725 217,319 198,314 127,431 31,573 — 1,076,029 
Special Mention1,887 11,013 7,555 9,910 8,603 1,951 460 — 41,379 
Substandard13,310 7,669 3,189 11,294 1,522 3,552 — — 40,536 
Total Commercial real estate, owner occupied209,900 160,646 175,469 238,523 208,439 132,934 32,033 — 1,157,944 
Current period gross write-offs— — — — — — — 
Residential
Pass221,016 413,552 672,713 397,192 326,154 293,785 8,887 13 2,333,312 
Special Mention1,528 1,953 6,228 4,102 2,891 3,152 150 — 20,004 
Substandard1,306 1,912 8,849 3,989 1,216 3,794 347 — 21,413 
Total Residential223,850 417,417 687,790 405,283 330,261 300,731 9,384 13 2,374,729 
Current period gross write-offs— 173 779 136 20 288 — — 1,396 
Home equity
Pass6,788 4,354 24,810 51,313 10,486 3,976 535,132 12,124 648,983 
Special Mention38 — 375 285 297 69 4,568 442 6,074 
Substandard61 — 572 815 — 96 2,244 966 4,754 
Total Home Equity6,887 4,354 25,757 52,413 10,783 4,141 541,944 13,532 659,811 
Current period gross write-offs— 10 35 22 — 267 — — 334 
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures
Pass40,819 21,867 31,356 10,520 2,276 4,693 53,180 180 164,891 
Special Mention153 234 347 175 59 40 128 — 1,136 
Substandard— — — — — — — 
Total Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures40,972 22,101 31,703 10,695 2,335 4,733 53,308 181 166,028 
Current period gross write-offs208 920 523 184 47 80 — — 1,962 
Public finance and other commercial loans
Pass161,072 53,750 203,884 195,066 146,377 298,802 132 — 1,059,083 
Total Public finance and other commercial loans161,072 53,750 203,884 195,066 146,377 298,802 132 — 1,059,083 
Loans$2,869,611 $1,733,843 $1,937,367 $1,569,313 $1,142,386 $1,139,559 $2,447,911 $14,369 $12,854,359 
Total current period gross charge-offs$1,450 $40,529 $1,681 $8,947 $576 $1,060 $— $— $54,243 
December 31, 2023
Term Loans (amortized cost basis by origination year)
20232022202120202019PriorRevolving loans amortized cost basisRevolving loans converted to termTotal
Commercial and industrial loans
Pass$1,175,967 $474,601 $253,148 $86,226 $47,910 $45,020 $1,393,756 $60 $3,476,688 
Special Mention34,356 3,911 1,546 5,149 2,986 241 45,994 — 94,183 
Substandard12,311 20,245 17,733 2,479 1,507 1,512 40,449 144 96,380 
Doubtful857 — — — — — 2,840 — 3,697 
Total Commercial and industrial loans1,223,491 498,757 272,427 93,854 52,403 46,773 1,483,039 204 3,670,948 
Current period gross write-offs13,973 2,711 576 5,665 78 261 — — 23,264 
Agricultural land, production and other loans to farmers
Pass35,633 38,145 31,511 31,048 12,995 25,462 87,534 — 262,328 
Special Mention— 266 — — — 122 — — 388 
Substandard58 150 — 454 — 36 — — 698 
Total Agricultural land, production and other loans to farmers35,691 38,561 31,511 31,502 12,995 25,620 87,534 — 263,414 
Current period gross write-offs— — — — — — — — — 
Real estate loans:
Construction
Pass403,578 267,587 198,350 8,372 7,723 2,357 11,735 — 899,702 
Special Mention25,894 — — 20,846 — — — — 46,740 
Substandard1,451 4,330 5,322 — — — — — 11,103 
Total Construction430,923 271,917 203,672 29,218 7,723 2,357 11,735 — 957,545 
Current period gross write-offs— — — — — — — — — 
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied
Pass373,378 504,280 535,327 418,553 141,320 200,821 16,744 — 2,190,423 
Special Mention76,382 21,145 7,005 4,531 19,479 27,941 37 — 156,520 
Substandard20,358 10,537 219 20,236 — 2,299 247 — 53,896 
Total Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied470,118 535,962 542,551 443,320 160,799 231,061 17,028 — 2,400,839 
Current period gross write-offs— 66 — — — — — — 66 
Commercial real estate, owner occupied
Pass176,750 199,821 256,346 263,522 99,180 77,485 27,369 — 1,100,473 
Special Mention6,712 5,034 9,319 2,460 919 2,902 514 — 27,860 
Substandard18,092 3,712 4,183 4,545 289 2,929 — — 33,750 
Total Commercial real estate, owner occupied201,554 208,567 269,848 270,527 100,388 83,316 27,883 — 1,162,083 
Current period gross write-offs48 — — — — — — 50 
Residential
Pass395,363 695,056 442,495 365,297 98,654 254,718 4,988 83 2,256,654 
Special Mention2,167 5,591 3,202 1,924 1,065 4,837 200 81 19,067 
Substandard804 3,708 2,529 1,199 866 4,063 31 — 13,200 
Total Residential398,334 704,355 448,226 368,420 100,585 263,618 5,219 164 2,288,921 
Current period gross write-offs101 252 208 94 — — 661 
Home equity
Pass9,375 29,784 61,591 11,084 1,092 3,875 484,330 5,837 606,968 
Special Mention— 715 — 1,092 15 5,031 149 7,004 
Substandard63 — 727 — — 123 2,589 97 3,599 
Total Home Equity9,438 30,499 62,318 12,176 1,107 4,000 491,950 6,083 617,571 
Current period gross write-offs69 213 224 149 193 1,596 — — 2,444 
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures
Pass35,781 49,295 28,387 6,726 2,070 5,904 38,619 772 167,554 
Special Mention184 246 138 69 — 14 176 — 827 
Substandard— — — — — — 
Total Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures35,965 49,547 28,525 6,795 2,071 5,918 38,795 772 168,388 
Current period gross write-offs147 770 342 77 62 156 — — 1,554 
Public finance and other commercial loans
Pass65,357 208,347 204,863 155,132 91,619 229,355 1,645 — 956,318 
Total Public finance and other commercial loans65,357 208,347 204,863 155,132 91,619 229,355 1,645 — 956,318 
Loans$2,870,871 $2,546,512 $2,063,941 $1,410,944 $529,690 $892,018 $2,164,828 $7,223 $12,486,027 
Total current period gross charge-offs$14,338 $4,012 $1,350 $5,894 $338 $2,107 $— $— $28,039 
The following tables present the amortized cost basis of collateral dependent loans by loan class and their respective collateral type, which are individually evaluated to determine expected credit losses, for December 31, 2024 and 2023. The total collateral dependent loans for December 31, 2024 increased $24.1 million from December 31, 2023. The primary changes were related to an increase of $22.6 million and $10.1 million, respectively, in the construction and commercial real estate, non-owner occupied loan classes, which was offset by a decrease of $8.6 million in the commercial and industrial loan class.
December 31, 2024
Commercial Real EstateResidential Real EstateOtherTotalAllowance on Collateral Dependent Loans
Commercial and industrial loans$— $— $23,455 $23,455 $7,803 
Real estate loans:
Construction— 22,652 — 22,652 — 
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied27,583 — — 27,583 4,295 
Commercial real estate, owner occupied9,748 — — 9,748 — 
Residential— 1,174 — 1,174 189 
Home equity— 201 — 201 25 
Loans$37,331 $24,027 $23,455 $84,813 $12,312 

December 31, 2023
Commercial Real EstateResidential Real EstateOtherTotalAllowance on Collateral Dependent Loans
Commercial and industrial loans$— $— $32,029 $32,029 $11,474 
Real estate loans:
Construction— — — 
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied17,516 — — 17,516 35 
Commercial real estate, owner occupied9,452 — — 9,452 — 
Residential— 1,439 — 1,439 230 
Home equity— 223 — 223 30 
Loans$26,968 $1,669 $32,029 $60,666 $11,769 
Schedule of Past Due Aging of Loan Portfolio by Loan Class The tables below show a past due aging of the Corporation’s loan portfolio, by loan class, as of the dates indicated:
December 31, 2024
Current30-59 Days
Past Due
60-89 Days
Past Due
90 Days or More Past DueTotalLoans > 90 Days or More Past Due
And Accruing
Commercial and industrial loans$4,096,605 $7,428 $473 $9,786 $4,114,292 $2,010 
Agricultural land, production and other loans to farmers256,148 164 — — 256,312 — 
Real estate loans:
Construction761,819 4,332 22,005 3,988 792,144 3,683 
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied2,259,549 2,407 1,718 10,342 2,274,016 — 
Commercial real estate, owner occupied1,153,861 3,783 — 300 1,157,944 — 
Residential2,337,002 12,302 6,606 18,819 2,374,729 208 
Home equity649,238 4,431 1,569 4,573 659,811 — 
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures164,891 926 210 166,028 
Public finance and other commercial loans1,059,083 — — — 1,059,083 — 
Loans$12,738,196 $35,773 $32,581 $47,809 $12,854,359 $5,902 


December 31, 2023
Current30-59 Days
Past Due
60-89 Days
Past Due
90 Days or More Past DueTotalLoans > 90 Days or More Past Due
And Accruing
Commercial and industrial loans$3,657,447 $5,021 $1,622 $6,858 $3,670,948 $86 
Agricultural land, production and other loans to farmers263,414 — — — 263,414 — 
Real estate loans:
Construction955,588 — 1,957 — 957,545 — 
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied2,376,184 12,995 195 11,465 2,400,839 — 
Commercial real estate, owner occupied1,161,869 — 104 110 1,162,083 — 
Residential2,259,496 11,810 5,472 12,143 2,288,921 — 
Home equity608,948 3,614 1,647 3,362 617,571 52 
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures167,553 635 192 168,388 — 
Public finance and other commercial loans956,284 — — 34 956,318 34 
Loans$12,406,783 $34,075 $11,189 $33,980 $12,486,027 $172 
Schedule of Non-Accrual Loans by Loan class
The following table summarizes the Corporation’s non-accrual loans by loan class as of the dates indicated:

December 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Nonaccrual LoansNonaccrual Loans with no Allowance for Credit LossesNonaccrual LoansNonaccrual Loans with no Allowance for Credit Losses
Commercial and industrial loans$8,090 $4,937 $9,050 $1,015 
Agricultural land, production and other loans to farmers75 — 58 — 
Real estate loans:
Construction24,629 22,650 520 — 
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied12,118 10,153 11,932 11,095 
Commercial real estate, owner occupied2,440 1,904 3,041 2,257 
Residential21,491 — 25,140 — 
Home equity4,924 — 3,820 — 
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures— 19 — 
Loans$73,773 $39,644 $53,580 $14,367 
Schedule of Troubled Debt Restructuring The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loans at December 31, 2024 and 2023 that were both experiencing financial difficulty and modified during the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, by class and by type of modification. The percentage of the amortized cost basis of loans that were modified to borrowers in financial distress as compared to the amortized cost basis of each class of financing receivable is also presented below.
Year Ended December 31, 2024
Loan Modifications Made to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty
Payment DelayTerm ExtensionInterest Rate ReductionCombination Payment Delay & Term ExtensionCombination Interest Rate Reduction & Term ExtensionCombination Interest Rate Reduction, Term Extension, & Payment Delay% of Total Class of Financing Receivable
Commercial and industrial loans$11,073 $19,152 $246 $— $68 $— 0.74 %
Agricultural land, production and other loans to farmers2,230 — — — — — 0.87 %
Real estate loans:
Construction— 2,393 — 22,000 — — 3.08 %
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied— 18,933 — — — — 0.83 %
Commercial real estate, owner occupied— 6,133 — — — — 0.53 %
Residential2,509 340 — 683 43 532 0.17 %
Home equity— 61 — 161 — — 0.03 %
Total$15,812 $47,012 $246 $22,844 $111 $532 

Year Ended December 31, 2023
Loan Modifications Made to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty
Payment DelayTerm ExtensionCombination Payment Delay & Term ExtensionCombination Interest Rate Reduction & Term Extension% of Total Class of Financing Receivable
Commercial and industrial loans$857 $16,572 $— $231 0.48 %
Agricultural land, production and other loans to farmers— 58 — — 0.02 %
Real estate loans:
Construction— 11 — — — %
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied— 11,823 — 7,657 0.81 %
Commercial real estate, owner occupied5,540 10,123 — 71 1.35 %
Residential— 129 469 — 0.03 %
Home equity— 63 — 29 0.01 %
Total$6,397 $38,779 $469 $7,988 
The following table presents the financial effect of the loan modifications presented above to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Year Ended December 31, 2024
Financial Effect of Loan Modifications
Payment DelayTerm ExtensionInterest Rate ReductionCombination Payment Delay & Term ExtensionCombination Interest Rate Reduction & Term ExtensionCombination Interest Rate Reduction, Term Extension, & Payment Delay
Commercial and industrial loans
Provided payment deferrals with weighted average delayed amounts of $180,000.
Extended loans by a weighted average of 8 months.
Reduced the weighted average contractual interest rate from 9.00% to 8.00%.
Reduced the weighted average contractual interest rate from 10.24% to 7.90%. Extended loans by a weighted average of 67 months.
Agricultural land, production and other loans to farmers
Provided payment deferrals with weighted average delayed amounts of $17,000.
Real estate loans:
Construction
Extended loans by a weighted average of 6 months.
Provided payment deferrals with weighted average delayed amounts of $475,000. Extended loans by a weighted average of 2 months.
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied
Extended loans by a weighted average of 16 months.
Commercial real estate, owner occupied
Extended loans by a weighted average of 12 months.
Residential
Provided payment deferrals with weighted average delayed amounts of $23,000.
Extended loans by a weighted average of 11 months.
Provided payment deferrals with weighted average delayed amounts of $8,000. Extended loans by a weighted average of 152 months.
Reduced the weighted average contractual interest rate from 8.00% to 6.00%. Extended loans by a weighted average of 120 months.
Reduced the weighted average contractual interest rate from 5.74% to 4.02%. Extended loans by a weighted average of 90 months. Provided payment deferrals with weighted average delayed amounts of $13,000.
Home equity
Extended loans by a weighted average of 5 months.
Provided payment deferrals with weighted average delayed amounts of $7,800. Extended loans by a weighted average of 60 months.
Year Ended December 31, 2023
Financial Effect of Loan Modifications
Payment DelayTerm ExtensionCombination Payment Delay & Term ExtensionCombination Interest Rate Reduction & Term Extension
Commercial and industrial loans
Provided payment deferrals with weighted average delayed amounts of $24,000.
Extended loans by a weighted average of 10 months.
Reduced the weighted average contractual interest rate from 9.67% to 7.39%. Extended loans by a weighted average of 13 months.
Agricultural land, production and other loans to farmers
Extended loans by a weighted average of 144 months.
Real estate loans:
Construction
Extended loans by a weighted average of 24 months.
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied
Extended loans by a weighted average of 11 months.
Reduced the weighted average contractual interest rate from 8.57% to 7.89%. Extended loans by a weighted average of 34 months.
Commercial real estate, owner occupied
Provided payment deferrals with weighted average delayed amounts of $4.5 million.
Extended loans by a weighted average of 6 months.
Reduced the weighted average contractual interest rate from 10.25% to 6.61%. Extended loans by a weighted average of 114 months.
Residential
Extended loans by a weighted average of 6 months.
Provided payment deferrals with weighted average delayed amounts of $3,400. Extended loans by a weighted average of 3 months.
Home equity
Extended loans by a weighted average of 7 months.
Reduced the weighted average contractual interest rate from 9.25% to 7.25%. Extended loans by a weighted average of 240 months.
The Corporation closely monitors the performance of financial difficulty modifications to understand the effectiveness of its efforts. The following tables present the performance of financial difficulty modifications in the twelve months following modification.

Year Ended December 31, 2024
Current30-59 Days Past Due60-89 Days Past Due90+ Days Past DueTotal
Commercial and industrial loans$26,208 $2,858 $— $1,473 $30,539 
Agricultural land, production and other loans to farmers2,230 — — — 2,230 
Real estate loans:
Construction2,393 — 22,000 — 24,393 
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied10,253 — — 8,680 18,933 
Commercial real estate, owner occupied2,560 3,573 — — 6,133 
Residential2,046 237 365 1,459 4,107 
Home equity222 — — — 222 
Total$45,912 $6,668 $22,365 $11,612 $86,557 

Year Ended December 31, 2023
Current60-89 Days Past DueTotal
Commercial and industrial loans$17,660 $— $17,660 
Agricultural land, production and other loans to farmers58 — 58 
Real estate loans:
Construction11 — 11 
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied19,480 — 19,480 
Commercial real estate, owner occupied15,734 — 15,734 
Residential473 125 598 
Home equity92 — 92 
Total$53,508 $125 $53,633 
Schedule of Changes in Allowance for Loan Losses
The following tables summarize changes in the ACL - Loans by loan segment for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:
Year Ended December 31, 2024
CommercialCommercial Real EstateConstructionConsumer & ResidentialTotal
Allowance for credit losses - loans
Balances, December 31, 2023$97,348 $44,048 $24,823 $38,715 $204,934 
Provision for credit losses - loans44,455 7,167 (15,039)617 37,200 
Recoveries on loans3,153 236 — 1,477 4,866 
Loans charged off(50,199)(352)— (3,692)(54,243)
Balances. December 31, 2024$94,757 $51,099 $9,784 $37,117 $192,757 


Year Ended December 31, 2023
CommercialCommercial Real EstateConstructionConsumer & ResidentialTotal
Allowance for credit losses - loans
Balances, December 31, 2022$102,216 $46,839 $28,955 $45,267 $223,277 
Provision for credit losses - loans17,401 (2,735)(4,132)(3,234)7,300 
Recoveries on loans995 60 — 1,341 2,396 
Loans charged off(23,264)(116)— (4,659)(28,039)
Balances. December 31, 2023$97,348 $44,048 $24,823 $38,715 $204,934 

Year Ended December 31, 2022
CommercialCommercial Real EstateConstructionConsumer & ResidentialTotal
Allowance for credit losses - loans
Balances, December 31, 2021$69,935 $60,665 $20,206 $44,591 $195,397 
Provision for credit losses - loans16,697 (20,425)6,367 (2,639)— 
CECL Day 1 non-PCD provision for credit losses - loans2,957 5,539 871 4,588 13,955 
CECL Day 1 PCD ACL - loans12,970 2,981 648 — 16,599 
Recoveries on loans872 1,096 863 1,096 3,927 
Loans charged off(1,215)(3,017)— (2,369)(6,601)
Balances. December 31, 2022$102,216 $46,839 $28,955 $45,267 $223,277 
Schedule of Financial Instruments with Off-balance Sheet Risk
Financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk were as follows:
December 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Amounts of commitments:
Loan commitments to extend credit$5,006,085 $5,025,790 
Standby letters of credit$71,271 $65,580 
Schedule of Allowance for Credit Losses, Off-balance Sheet
The following table details activity in the ACL for off-balance sheet commitments:
20242023
Balance, January 1$19,500 $23,300 
Provision for credit losses - unfunded commitments(1,500)(3,800)
Balance, December 31$18,000 $19,500