10-Q 1 a2018930-10q.htm 10-Q

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D. C. 20549
FORM 10-Q

[X] |  | Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018.
[ ] |  | Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 For the transition period from ______ to ______
|  | Commission file number 001-15373

ENTERPRISE FINANCIAL SERVICES CORP
Incorporated in the State of Delaware
I.R.S. Employer Identification # 43-1706259
Address: 150 North Meramec
Clayton, MO 63105
Telephone: (314) 725-5500
___________________
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months, and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [ ]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes [X] No [ ]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer [X] |  |  |  | Accelerated filer [ ]
Non-accelerated filer [ ] |  | (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) |  | Smaller reporting company [ ]
|  |  |  | Emerging growth company [ ]

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. [ ]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act)
Yes [ ] No [X]
As of October 24, 2018, the Registrant had 23,073,472 shares of outstanding common stock, $0.01 par value per share.
This document is also available through our website at http://www.enterprisebank.com.

ENTERPRISE FINANCIAL SERVICES CORP AND SUBSIDIARIES
TABLE OF CONTENTS

|  | Page
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
Item 1. Financial Statements |
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) | 1
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) | 2
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) | 3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity (Unaudited) | 4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) | 5
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 6
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 27
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 49
Item 4. Controls and Procedures | 50
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1. Legal Proceedings | 50
Item 1A. Risk Factors | 50
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 51
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 51
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures | 51
Item 5. Other Information | 51
Item 6. Exhibits | 52
Signatures | 54

PART 1 - ITEM 1 - FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ENTERPRISE FINANCIAL SERVICES CORP AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)

(in thousands, except share and per share data) | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
Assets |  |  |
Cash and due from banks | $ | 78,119 |  |  | $ | 91,084 |
Federal funds sold | 1,571 |  |  | 1,223 |
Interest-bearing deposits (including $1,295 and $1,365 pledged as collateral, respectively) | 76,375 |  |  | 61,016 |
Total cash and cash equivalents | 156,065 |  |  | 153,323 |
Interest-bearing deposits greater than 90 days | 3,405 |  |  | 2,645 |
Securities available for sale | 670,328 |  |  | 641,382 |
Securities held to maturity | 67,131 |  |  | 73,749 |
Loans held for sale | 738 |  |  | 3,155 |
Loans | 4,267,430 |  |  | 4,097,050 |
Less: Allowance for loan losses | 44,186 |  |  | 42,577 |
Total loans, net | 4,223,244 |  |  | 4,054,473 |
Other real estate | 408 |  |  | 498 |
Other investments, at cost | 37,885 |  |  | 26,661 |
Fixed assets, net | 32,354 |  |  | 32,618 |
Accrued interest receivable | 19,879 |  |  | 14,069 |
State tax credits held for sale (including $171 and $400 carried at fair value, respectively) | 45,625 |  |  | 43,468 |
Goodwill | 117,345 |  |  | 117,345 |
Intangible assets, net | 9,148 |  |  | 11,056 |
Other assets | 133,984 |  |  | 114,783 |
Total assets | $ | 5,517,539 |  |  | $ | 5,289,225 |
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity |  |  |
Demand deposits | $ | 1,062,126 |  |  | $ | 1,123,907 |
Interest-bearing transaction accounts | 743,351 |  |  | 915,653 |
Money market accounts | 1,523,416 |  |  | 1,342,931 |
Savings | 207,346 |  |  | 195,150 |
Certificates of deposit: |  |  |
Brokered | 202,323 |  |  | 115,306 |
Other | 471,914 |  |  | 463,467 |
Total deposits | 4,210,476 |  |  | 4,156,414 |
Subordinated debentures and notes (net of debt issuance cost of $1,038 and $1,136, respectively) | 118,144 |  |  | 118,105 |
Federal Home Loan Bank advances | 401,000 |  |  | 172,743 |
Other borrowings | 161,795 |  |  | 253,674 |
Accrued interest payable | 2,433 |  |  | 1,730 |
Other liabilities | 36,854 |  |  | 37,986 |
Total liabilities | 4,930,702 |  |  | 4,740,652 |
Shareholders' equity: |  |  |
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized; 0 shares issued and outstanding | — |  |  | — |
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 30,000,000 shares authorized; 23,919,261 and 23,781,112 shares issued, respectively | 239 |  |  | 238 |
Treasury stock, at cost; 827,595 and 691,673 shares, respectively | (30,108 | ) |  | (23,268 | )
Additional paid in capital | 349,317 |  |  | 350,061 |
Retained earnings | 284,016 |  |  | 225,360 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (16,627 | ) |  | (3,818 | )
Total shareholders' equity | 586,837 |  |  | 548,573 |
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity | $ | 5,517,539 |  |  | $ | 5,289,225 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
1

ENTERPRISE FINANCIAL SERVICES CORP AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited)

| Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands, except per share data) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Interest income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest and fees on loans | $ | 55,383 |  |  | $ | 48,020 |  |  | $ | 158,781 |  |  | $ | 135,253 |
Interest on debt securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Taxable | 4,482 |  |  | 3,855 |  |  | 12,697 |  |  | 10,670 |
Nontaxable | 263 |  |  | 294 |  |  | 816 |  |  | 984 |
Interest on interest-bearing deposits | 306 |  |  | 173 |  |  | 777 |  |  | 537 |
Dividends on equity securities | 323 |  |  | 126 |  |  | 729 |  |  | 306 |
Total interest income | 60,757 |  |  | 52,468 |  |  | 173,800 |  |  | 147,750 |
Interest expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing transaction accounts | 799 |  |  | 523 |  |  | 2,422 |  |  | 1,721 |
Money market accounts | 5,423 |  |  | 2,410 |  |  | 13,221 |  |  | 5,841 |
Savings accounts | 157 |  |  | 125 |  |  | 429 |  |  | 332 |
Certificates of deposit | 2,878 |  |  | 1,493 |  |  | 7,115 |  |  | 4,081 |
Subordinated debentures and notes | 1,483 |  |  | 1,316 |  |  | 4,305 |  |  | 3,768 |
Federal Home Loan Bank advances | 1,729 |  |  | 832 |  |  | 4,435 |  |  | 1,684 |
Notes payable and other borrowings | 195 |  |  | 144 |  |  | 561 |  |  | 423 |
Total interest expense | 12,664 |  |  | 6,843 |  |  | 32,488 |  |  | 17,850 |
Net interest income | 48,093 |  |  | 45,625 |  |  | 141,312 |  |  | 129,900 |
Provision for portfolio loan losses | 2,332 |  |  | 2,422 |  |  | 6,588 |  |  | 7,578 |
Provision reversal for purchased credit impaired loan losses | (69 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2,064 | ) |  | (355 | )
Net interest income after provision for loan losses | 45,830 |  |  | 43,203 |  |  | 136,788 |  |  | 122,677 |
Noninterest income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Service charges on deposit accounts | 2,997 |  |  | 2,820 |  |  | 8,855 |  |  | 8,146 |
Wealth management revenue | 2,012 |  |  | 2,062 |  |  | 6,267 |  |  | 5,949 |
Card services revenue | 1,760 |  |  | 1,459 |  |  | 4,926 |  |  | 3,888 |
Gain on sale of other real estate | 13 |  |  | — |  |  | 13 |  |  | 17 |
Gain on state tax credits, net | 192 |  |  | 77 |  |  | 508 |  |  | 332 |
Gain on sale of investment securities | — |  |  | 22 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 22 |
Miscellaneous income | 1,436 |  |  | 1,932 |  |  | 7,067 |  |  | 4,928 |
Total noninterest income | 8,410 |  |  | 8,372 |  |  | 27,645 |  |  | 23,282 |
Noninterest expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Employee compensation and benefits | 16,297 |  |  | 15,090 |  |  | 49,370 |  |  | 46,096 |
Occupancy | 2,394 |  |  | 2,434 |  |  | 7,142 |  |  | 6,628 |
Data processing | 1,634 |  |  | 1,389 |  |  | 4,634 |  |  | 4,828 |
Professional fees | 1,023 |  |  | 922 |  |  | 2,619 |  |  | 2,838 |
FDIC and other insurance | 845 |  |  | 882 |  |  | 2,682 |  |  | 2,356 |
Loan legal and other real estate expense | 322 |  |  | 586 |  |  | 598 |  |  | 1,544 |
Merger related expenses | — |  |  | 315 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,462 |
Other | 7,407 |  |  | 5,786 |  |  | 21,239 |  |  | 16,039 |
Total noninterest expense | 29,922 |  |  | 27,404 |  |  | 88,284 |  |  | 86,791 |
Income before income tax expense | 24,318 |  |  | 24,171 |  |  | 76,149 |  |  | 59,168 |
Income tax expense | 1,802 |  |  | 7,856 |  |  | 10,461 |  |  | 18,507 |
Net income | $ | 22,516 |  |  | $ | 16,315 |  |  | $ | 65,688 |  |  | $ | 40,661 |
Earnings per common share |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 0.97 |  |  | $ | 0.70 |  |  | $ | 2.84 |  |  | $ | 1.77 |
Diluted | 0.97 |  |  | 0.69 |  |  | 2.81 |  |  | 1.75 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
2

ENTERPRISE FINANCIAL SERVICES CORP AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)

| Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Net income | $ | 22,516 |  |  | $ | 16,315 |  |  | $ | 65,688 |  |  | $ | 40,661 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized gains (losses) on investment securities arising during the period, net of income tax expense (benefit) for three months of $(1,328) and $(493), and for nine months of $(3,926) and $775, respectively | (4,048 | ) |  | (805 | ) |  | (11,968 | ) |  | 1,265 |
Less: Reclassification adjustment for realized gains on sale of securities available for sale included in net income, net of income tax expense for three months of $0 and $8, and for nine months of $2 and $8, respectively | — |  |  | (13 | ) |  | (7 | ) |  | (13 | )
Total other comprehensive income (loss) | (4,048 | ) |  | (818 | ) |  | (11,975 | ) |  | 1,252 |
Total comprehensive income | $ | 18,468 |  |  | $ | 15,497 |  |  | $ | 53,713 |  |  | $ | 41,913 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
3

ENTERPRISE FINANCIAL SERVICES CORP AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity (Unaudited)

(in thousands, except per share data) | Common Stock |  | Treasury Stock |  | Additional paid in capital |  | Retained earnings |  | Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |  | Total shareholders' equity
Balance at December 31, 2017 | $ | 238 |  |  | $ | (23,268 | ) |  | $ | 350,061 |  |  | $ | 225,360 |  |  | $ | (3,818 | ) |  | $ | 548,573 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 65,688 |  |  | — |  |  | 65,688 |
Other comprehensive loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (11,975 | ) |  | (11,975 | )
Total comprehensive income (loss) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 65,688 |  |  | (11,975 | ) |  | 53,713 |
Cash dividends paid on common shares, $0.34 per share | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7,866 | ) |  | — |  |  | (7,866 | )
Repurchase of common shares | — |  |  | (6,840 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6,840 | )
Issuance under equity compensation plans, 138,149 shares, net | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | (3,298 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,297 | )
Share-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,554 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,554 |
Reclassification adjustments for change in accounting policies | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 834 |  |  | (834 | ) |  | — |
Balance at September 30, 2018 | $ | 239 |  |  | $ | (30,108 | ) |  | $ | 349,317 |  |  | $ | 284,016 |  |  | $ | (16,627 | ) |  | $ | 586,837 |
(in thousands, except per share data) | Common Stock |  | Treasury Stock |  | Additional paid in capital |  | Retained earnings |  | Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |  | Total shareholders' equity
Balance at December 31, 2016 | $ | 203 |  |  | $ | (6,632 | ) |  | $ | 213,078 |  |  | $ | 182,190 |  |  | $ | (1,741 | ) |  | $ | 387,098 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 40,661 |  |  | — |  |  | 40,661 |
Other comprehensive income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,252 |  |  | 1,252 |
Total comprehensive income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 40,661 |  |  | 1,252 |  |  | 41,913 |
Cash dividends paid on common shares, $0.33 per share | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7,709 | ) |  | — |  |  | (7,709 | )
Repurchase of common shares | — |  |  | (16,636 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (16,636 | )
Issuance under equity compensation plans, 148,597 shares, net | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | (2,574 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,573 | )
Share-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,514 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,514 |
Shares issued in connection with acquisition of Jefferson County Bancshares, Inc., 3,299,865 shares, net | 33 |  |  | — |  |  | 141,696 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 141,729 |
Reclassification for the adoption of share-based payment guidance | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5,229 | ) |  | 5,229 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Balance at September 30, 2017 | $ | 237 |  |  | $ | (23,268 | ) |  | $ | 349,485 |  |  | $ | 220,371 |  |  | $ | (489 | ) |  | $ | 546,336 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
4

ENTERPRISE FINANCIAL SERVICES CORP AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

| Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands, except share data) | 2018 |  | 2017
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |
Net income | $ | 65,688 |  |  | $ | 40,661 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities |  |  |
Depreciation | 2,622 |  |  | 2,426 |
Provision for loan losses | 4,524 |  |  | 7,223 |
Deferred income taxes | 2,822 |  |  | 1,239 |
Net amortization of debt securities | 1,338 |  |  | 2,064 |
Amortization of intangible assets | 1,908 |  |  | 1,920 |
Gain on sale of investment securities | (9 | ) |  | (22 | )
Mortgage loans originated for sale | (30,136 | ) |  | (115,365 | )
Proceeds from mortgage loans sold | 32,839 |  |  | 118,798 |
Gain on sale of other real estate | (13 | ) |  | (17 | )
Gain on state tax credits, net | (508 | ) |  | (332 | )
Share-based compensation | 2,554 |  |  | 2,514 |
Net accretion of loan discount | (1,253 | ) |  | (3,796 | )
Changes in: |  |  |
Accrued interest receivable | (5,811 | ) |  | (302 | )
Accrued interest payable | 703 |  |  | 249 |
Other assets | (16,309 | ) |  | 755 |
Other liabilities | (1,093 | ) |  | (44,398 | )
Net cash provided by operating activities | 59,866 |  |  | 13,617 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |
Proceeds from JCB acquisition, net of cash purchase price | — |  |  | 4,456 |
Net increase in loans | (172,449 | ) |  | (201,715 | )
Proceeds from the sale of securities, available for sale | 1,451 |  |  | 144,076 |
Proceeds from the paydown or maturity of securities, available for sale | 61,881 |  |  | 126,073 |
Proceeds from the paydown or maturity of securities, held to maturity | 4,988 |  |  | 4,145 |
Proceeds from the redemption of other investments | 30,593 |  |  | 29,159 |
Proceeds from the sale of state tax credits held for sale | 3,056 |  |  | 4,391 |
Proceeds from the sale of other real estate | 467 |  |  | 2,513 |
Payments for the purchase/origination of: |  |  |
Available for sale debt securities | (108,121 | ) |  | (263,453 | )
Other investments | (44,597 | ) |  | (45,224 | )
State tax credits held for sale | (4,704 | ) |  | (145 | )
Fixed assets, net | (2,369 | ) |  | (1,864 | )
Net cash used in investing activities | (229,804 | ) |  | (197,588 | )
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |
Net (decrease) increase in noninterest-bearing deposit accounts | (61,781 | ) |  | 20,684 |
Net increase in interest-bearing deposit accounts | 115,843 |  |  | 39,998 |
Proceeds from Federal Home Loan Bank advances | 1,142,500 |  |  | 1,394,181 |
Repayments of Federal Home Loan Bank advances | (914,000 | ) |  | (1,145,681 | )
Proceeds from notes payable | — |  |  | 10,000 |
Net decrease in other borrowings | (91,879 | ) |  | (123,987 | )
Cash dividends paid on common stock | (7,866 | ) |  | (7,709 | )
Payments for the repurchase of common stock | (6,840 | ) |  | (16,636 | )
Payments for the issuance of equity instruments, net | (3,297 | ) |  | (2,573 | )
Net cash provided by financing activities | 172,680 |  |  | 168,277 |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 2,742 |  |  | (15,694 | )
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 153,323 |  |  | 198,802 |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | 156,065 |  |  | $ | 183,108 |
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: |  |  |
Cash paid during the period for: |  |  |
Interest | $ | 31,785 |  |  | $ | 16,948 |
Income taxes | 8,492 |  |  | 9,382 |
Noncash transactions: |  |  |
Transfer to other real estate owned in settlement of loans | $ | — |  |  | $ | 289 |
Common shares issued in connection with JCB acquisition | — |  |  | 141,729 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
5

ENTERPRISE FINANCIAL SERVICES CORP AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
NOTE 1 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The significant accounting policies used by Enterprise Financial Services Corp (the "Company" or "Enterprise") in the preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements are summarized below:
Business and Consolidation
Enterprise is a financial holding company that provides a full range of banking and wealth management services to individuals and corporate customers located in the St. Louis, Kansas City, and Phoenix metropolitan markets through its banking subsidiary, Enterprise Bank & Trust (the "Bank").
Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the year ending December 31, 2018. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Basis of Financial Statement Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries have been prepared in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries, all of which are wholly owned. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
During the first quarter of 2018, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-01, "Financial Instruments-Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities." ASU 2016-01 requires equity investments to be measured at fair value through earnings, and eliminates the available-for-sale classification for equity securities with readily determinable fair values. The guidance also provides an alternative to measure equity securities without readily determinable fair values at cost less impairment (if any), plus or minus observable price changes from an identical or similar investment of the same issuer (the “measurement alternative”). The Company elected the measurement alternative for its qualifying equity securities. The adoption of this update resulted in an insignificant increase to retained earnings which was reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income.
In addition, the Company early adopted ASU 2017-12, "Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities" during the first quarter of 2018. The objective of ASU 2017-12 is to improve the financial reporting of hedging relationships by better aligning an entity's risk management activity with the economic objectives in undertaking those activities. The adoption of this update did not have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
The Company also early adopted ASU 2018-02, "Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income" during the first quarter of 2018. The ASU allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, which among other things, reduced the maximum federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%. The adoption of this update resulted in an increase to retained earnings of $0.8 million which was reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income.
In the opinion of management, the consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for the fair presentation of the statements of financial position, results of operations, and cash flow for the interim periods.
6

Revenue
The Company adopted the accounting standard regarding revenue recognition in the first quarter of 2018 using the modified retrospective approach. The Company's revenues are primarily composed of interest income on financial instruments, including investment securities, which are excluded from the scope of the new guidance. Certain other noninterest income from loans, investment securities and derivative financial instruments is also excluded from this guidance. Service charges on deposit accounts, wealth management revenue, card services revenue, and gain on sale of other real estate are within the scope of the guidance; however, there were no accounting policy changes as the Company's policies were consistent with the new guidance. Other noninterest income sources of revenue are considered immaterial. Implementation of this guidance did not change current business practices or have any changes to the Company's consolidated financial statements.
Descriptions of our revenue-generating activities within the scope of this guidance, which are presented in our income statement as components of noninterest income are as follows:

• | Service charges on deposit accounts - represents fees generated from a variety of deposit products and services provided to customers under a day-to-day contract. These fees are recognized on a daily or monthly basis.

• | Wealth management revenue - represents monthly fees earned from directing, holding, and managing customers’ assets. Revenue is recognized over regular intervals, either monthly or quarterly.

• | Card services revenue - represents revenue earned from merchant, debit and credit cards as incurred and includes a contra revenue account for rebates.

• | Gain on sale of other real estate - represents income recognized at delivery of control of a property at the time of a real estate closing.

Income Taxes
The SEC staff issued SAB 118, which provides guidance on accounting for the tax effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (“Tax Act”). SAB 118 provides a measurement period that should not extend beyond one year from the Tax Act enactment date for companies to complete the accounting under ASC 740. In accordance with SAB 118, a company must reflect the income tax effects of those aspects of the Act for which the accounting under ASC 740 is complete. To the extent a company’s accounting for certain income tax effects of the Tax Act is incomplete but it is able to determine a reasonable estimate, it must record a provisional estimate in the financial statements. If a company cannot determine a provisional estimate to be included in the financial statements, it should continue to apply ASC 740 on the basis of the provisions of the tax laws that were in effect immediately before the enactment of the Tax Act. The Company has recorded amounts for the effects of the Tax Act using reasonable estimates based on currently available information and its interpretations thereof. This accounting may change due to, among other things, changes in interpretations the Company has made and the issuance of new tax or accounting guidance.
NOTE 2 - EARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic earnings per common share data is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Common shares outstanding include common stock and restricted stock awards where recipients have satisfied the vesting terms. Diluted earnings per common share gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period using the treasury stock method.
7

The following table presents a summary of per common share data and amounts for the periods indicated.

| Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands, except per share data) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Net income as reported | $ | 22,516 |  |  | $ | 16,315 |  |  | $ | 65,688 |  |  | $ | 40,661 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding | 23,148 |  |  | 23,324 |  |  | 23,129 |  |  | 22,914 |
Additional dilutive common stock equivalents | 181 |  |  | 250 |  |  | 211 |  |  | 295 |
Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding | 23,329 |  |  | 23,574 |  |  | 23,340 |  |  | 23,209 |
Basic earnings per common share: | $ | 0.97 |  |  | $ | 0.70 |  |  | $ | 2.84 |  |  | $ | 1.77 |
Diluted earnings per common share: | $ | 0.97 |  |  | $ | 0.69 |  |  | $ | 2.81 |  |  | $ | 1.75 |

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, there were no common stock equivalents excluded from the earnings per share calculations because their effect would have been anti-dilutive.
8

NOTE 3 - INVESTMENTS
The following table presents the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses and fair value of securities available for sale and held to maturity:

| September 30, 2018
(in thousands) | Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
Available for sale securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises | $ | 99,914 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (2,233 | ) |  | $ | 97,681 |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 30,563 |  |  | 238 |  |  | (268 | ) |  | 30,533 |
Agency mortgage-backed securities | 551,552 |  |  | 180 |  |  | (19,385 | ) |  | 532,347 |
U.S. Treasury bills | 9,960 |  |  | — |  |  | (193 | ) |  | 9,767 |
Total securities available for sale | $ | 691,989 |  |  | $ | 418 |  |  | $ | (22,079 | ) |  | $ | 670,328 |
Held to maturity securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | $ | 12,521 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | (324 | ) |  | $ | 12,203 |
Agency mortgage-backed securities | 54,610 |  |  | — |  |  | (2,397 | ) |  | 52,213 |
Total securities held to maturity | $ | 67,131 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | (2,721 | ) |  | $ | 64,416 |

| December 31, 2017
(in thousands) | Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
Available for sale securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises | $ | 99,878 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | (660 | ) |  | $ | 99,224 |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 34,181 |  |  | 674 |  |  | (213 | ) |  | 34,642 |
Agency mortgage-backed securities | 513,082 |  |  | 727 |  |  | (6,293 | ) |  | 507,516 |
Total securities available for sale | $ | 647,141 |  |  | $ | 1,407 |  |  | $ | (7,166 | ) |  | $ | 641,382 |
Held to maturity securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | $ | 14,031 |  |  | $ | 69 |  |  | $ | (46 | ) |  | $ | 14,054 |
Agency mortgage-backed securities | 59,718 |  |  | 16 |  |  | (330 | ) |  | 59,404 |
Total securities held to maturity | $ | 73,749 |  |  | $ | 85 |  |  | $ | (376 | ) |  | $ | 73,458 |

At September 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, there were no holdings of securities of any one issuer in an amount greater than 10% of shareholders’ equity, other than U.S. Government agencies and sponsored enterprises. The agency mortgage-backed securities are all issued by U.S. Government agencies and sponsored enterprises. Securities having a fair value of $365.3 million and $500.0 million at September 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, respectively, were pledged as collateral to secure deposits of public institutions and for other purposes as required by law or contract provisions.
9

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of debt securities at September 30, 2018, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. The weighted average life of the mortgage-backed securities is approximately 5 years.

| Available for sale |  | Held to maturity
(in thousands) | Amortized Cost |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Amortized Cost |  | Estimated Fair Value
Due in one year or less | $ | 12,193 |  |  | $ | 12,107 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Due after one year through five years | 110,517 |  |  | 108,231 |  |  | 868 |  |  | 856 |
Due after five years through ten years | 12,688 |  |  | 12,678 |  |  | 11,294 |  |  | 10,995 |
Due after ten years | 5,039 |  |  | 4,965 |  |  | 359 |  |  | 352 |
Agency mortgage-backed securities | 551,552 |  |  | 532,347 |  |  | 54,610 |  |  | 52,213 |
| $ | 691,989 |  |  | $ | 670,328 |  |  | $ | 67,131 |  |  | $ | 64,416 |

The following table represents a summary of investment securities that had an unrealized loss:

| September 30, 2018
Less than 12 months |  | 12 months or more |  | Total
(in thousands) | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses
Obligations of U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises | $ | 58,592 |  |  | $ | 1,353 |  |  | $ | 39,089 |  |  | $ | 880 |  |  | $ | 97,681 |  |  | $ | 2,233 |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 24,152 |  |  | 468 |  |  | 3,296 |  |  | 124 |  |  | 27,448 |  |  | 592 |
Agency mortgage-backed securities | 297,577 |  |  | 8,216 |  |  | 270,949 |  |  | 13,566 |  |  | 568,526 |  |  | 21,782 |
U.S. Treasury bills | 9,767 |  |  | 193 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,767 |  |  | 193 |
| $ | 390,088 |  |  | $ | 10,230 |  |  | $ | 313,334 |  |  | $ | 14,570 |  |  | $ | 703,422 |  |  | $ | 24,800 |
| December 31, 2017
Less than 12 months |  | 12 months or more |  | Total
(in thousands) | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses
Obligations of U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises | $ | 89,309 |  |  | $ | 660 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 89,309 |  |  | $ | 660 |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 13,951 |  |  | 259 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 13,951 |  |  | 259 |
Agency mortgage-backed securities | 469,655 |  |  | 6,034 |  |  | 12,229 |  |  | 589 |  |  | 481,884 |  |  | 6,623 |
| $ | 572,915 |  |  | $ | 6,953 |  |  | $ | 12,229 |  |  | $ | 589 |  |  | $ | 585,144 |  |  | $ | 7,542 |

The unrealized losses at both September 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, were primarily attributable to changes in market interest rates since the securities were purchased. Management systematically evaluates investment securities for other-than-temporary declines in fair value on a quarterly basis. This analysis requires management to consider various factors, which include among other considerations (1) the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected compared to the amortized cost of the security, (2) duration and magnitude of the decline in value, (3) the financial condition of the issuer or issuers, (4) structure of the security, and (5) the intent to sell the security or whether it is more likely than not the Company would be required to sell the security before its anticipated recovery in market value. At September 30, 2018, management performed its quarterly analysis of all securities with an unrealized loss and concluded no individual securities were other-than-temporarily impaired.
10

NOTE 4 - LOANS
The loan portfolio is comprised of loans originated by the Company and loans acquired in connection with the Company’s acquisitions. These loans are accounted for using the guidance in the Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) section 310-30 and 310-20. Loans accounted for using ASC 310-30 are sometimes referred to as purchased credit impaired ("PCI") loans.
The table below shows the loan portfolio composition including carrying value categorized by loans accounted for at amortized cost, which includes our originated loans, and by loans accounted for as PCI.

(in thousands) | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
Loans accounted for at amortized cost | $ | 4,218,341 |  |  | $ | 4,022,896 |
Loans accounted for as PCI | 49,089 |  |  | 74,154 |
Total loans | $ | 4,267,430 |  |  | $ | 4,097,050 |

The following tables refer to loans accounted for at amortized cost.
Below is a summary of loans by category at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

(in thousands) | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
Commercial and industrial | $ | 2,032,929 |  |  | $ | 1,918,720 |
Real estate: |  |  |
Commercial - investor owned | 826,447 |  |  | 769,275 |
Commercial - owner occupied | 589,045 |  |  | 554,589 |
Construction and land development | 326,858 |  |  | 303,091 |
Residential | 308,385 |  |  | 341,312 |
Total real estate loans | 2,050,735 |  |  | 1,968,267 |
Consumer and other | 136,025 |  |  | 137,234 |
Loans, before unearned loan fees | 4,219,689 |  |  | 4,024,221 |
Unearned loan fees, net | (1,348 | ) |  | (1,325 | )
Loans, including unearned loan fees | $ | 4,218,341 |  |  | $ | 4,022,896 |

11

A summary of the activity in the allowance for loan losses and the recorded investment in loans by class and category based on impairment methodology through September 30, 2018, and at December 31, 2017, is as follows:

(in thousands) | Commercial and industrial |  | CRE - investor owned |  | CRE - owner occupied |  | Construction and land development |  | Residential real estate |  | Consumer and other |  | Total
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at December 31, 2017 | $ | 26,406 |  |  | $ | 3,890 |  |  | $ | 3,308 |  |  | $ | 1,487 |  |  | $ | 2,237 |  |  | $ | 838 |  |  | $ | 38,166 |
Provision (provision reversal) for loan losses | 780 |  |  | 648 |  |  | 190 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 259 |  |  | (41 | ) |  | 1,871 |
Losses charged off | (732 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (254 | ) |  | (49 | ) |  | (1,035 | )
Recoveries | 956 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 206 |  |  | 73 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 1,261 |
Balance at March 31, 2018 | $ | 27,410 |  |  | $ | 4,546 |  |  | $ | 3,502 |  |  | $ | 1,728 |  |  | $ | 2,315 |  |  | $ | 762 |  |  | $ | 40,263 |
Provision (provision reversal) for loan losses | 2,852 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 340 |  |  | (206 | ) |  | (573 | ) |  | (33 | ) |  | 2,385 |
Losses charged off | (956 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (38 | ) |  | (33 | ) |  | (1,027 | )
Recoveries | 118 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 168 |  |  | 59 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 386 |
Balance at June 30, 2018 | $ | 29,424 |  |  | $ | 4,561 |  |  | $ | 3,845 |  |  | $ | 1,690 |  |  | $ | 1,763 |  |  | $ | 724 |  |  | $ | 42,007 |
Provision (provision reversal) for loan losses | 2,569 |  |  | 3 |  |  | (197 | ) |  | 154 |  |  | (187 | ) |  | (10 | ) |  | 2,332 |
Losses charged off | (2,405 | ) |  | — |  |  | (22 | ) |  | — |  |  | (122 | ) |  | (46 | ) |  | (2,595 | )
Recoveries | 2 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 21 |  |  | 88 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 148 |
Balance at September 30, 2018 | $ | 29,590 |  |  | $ | 4,572 |  |  | $ | 3,630 |  |  | $ | 1,865 |  |  | $ | 1,542 |  |  | $ | 693 |  |  | $ | 41,892 |

(in thousands) | Commercial and industrial |  | CRE - investor owned |  | CRE - owner occupied |  | Construction and land development |  | Residential real estate |  | Consumer and other |  | Total
Balance September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for loan losses - Ending balance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 4,128 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 177 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,314 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | 25,462 |  |  | 4,572 |  |  | 3,453 |  |  | 1,865 |  |  | 1,533 |  |  | 693 |  |  | 37,578 |
Total | $ | 29,590 |  |  | $ | 4,572 |  |  | $ | 3,630 |  |  | $ | 1,865 |  |  | $ | 1,542 |  |  | $ | 693 |  |  | $ | 41,892 |
Loans - Ending balance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 12,197 |  |  | $ | 770 |  |  | $ | 2,655 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,477 |  |  | $ | 312 |  |  | $ | 18,411 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | 2,020,732 |  |  | 825,677 |  |  | 586,390 |  |  | 326,858 |  |  | 305,908 |  |  | 134,365 |  |  | 4,199,930 |
Total | $ | 2,032,929 |  |  | $ | 826,447 |  |  | $ | 589,045 |  |  | $ | 326,858 |  |  | $ | 308,385 |  |  | $ | 134,677 |  |  | $ | 4,218,341 |
Balance December 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for loan losses - Ending balance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 2,508 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 71 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,579 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | 23,898 |  |  | 3,890 |  |  | 3,237 |  |  | 1,487 |  |  | 2,237 |  |  | 838 |  |  | 35,587 |
Total | $ | 26,406 |  |  | $ | 3,890 |  |  | $ | 3,308 |  |  | $ | 1,487 |  |  | $ | 2,237 |  |  | $ | 838 |  |  | $ | 38,166 |
Loans - Ending balance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 12,665 |  |  | $ | 422 |  |  | $ | 1,975 |  |  | $ | 136 |  |  | $ | 1,602 |  |  | $ | 375 |  |  | $ | 17,175 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | 1,906,055 |  |  | 768,853 |  |  | 552,614 |  |  | 302,955 |  |  | 339,710 |  |  | 135,534 |  |  | 4,005,721 |
Total | $ | 1,918,720 |  |  | $ | 769,275 |  |  | $ | 554,589 |  |  | $ | 303,091 |  |  | $ | 341,312 |  |  | $ | 135,909 |  |  | $ | 4,022,896 |

12

A summary of nonperforming loans individually evaluated for impairment by category at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and the income recognized on impaired loans is as follows:

| September 30, 2018
(in thousands) | Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance |  | Recorded Investment With No Allowance |  | Recorded Investment With Allowance |  | Total Recorded Investment |  | Related Allowance |  | Average Recorded Investment
Commercial and industrial | $ | 20,938 |  |  | $ | 3,266 |  |  | $ | 8,931 |  |  | $ | 12,197 |  |  | $ | 4,128 |  |  | $ | 10,414 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial - investor owned | 1,039 |  |  | 770 |  |  | — |  |  | 770 |  |  | — |  |  | 657 |
Commercial - owner occupied | 1,328 |  |  | 826 |  |  | 462 |  |  | 1,288 |  |  | 177 |  |  | 1,074 |
Construction and land development | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Residential | 2,600 |  |  | 2,008 |  |  | 469 |  |  | 2,477 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 2,410 |
Consumer and other | 329 |  |  | 312 |  |  | — |  |  | 312 |  |  | — |  |  | 334 |
Total | $ | 26,234 |  |  | $ | 7,182 |  |  | $ | 9,862 |  |  | $ | 17,044 |  |  | $ | 4,314 |  |  | $ | 14,889 |

| December 31, 2017
(in thousands) | Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance |  | Recorded Investment With No Allowance |  | Recorded Investment With Allowance |  | Total Recorded Investment |  | Related Allowance |  | Average Recorded Investment
Commercial and industrial | $ | 20,750 |  |  | $ | 2,321 |  |  | $ | 10,344 |  |  | $ | 12,665 |  |  | $ | 2,508 |  |  | $ | 16,270 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial - investor owned | 560 |  |  | 422 |  |  | — |  |  | 422 |  |  | — |  |  | 521 |
Commercial - owner occupied | 487 |  |  | — |  |  | 487 |  |  | 487 |  |  | 71 |  |  | 490 |
Construction and land development | 441 |  |  | 136 |  |  | — |  |  | 136 |  |  | — |  |  | 331 |
Residential | 1,730 |  |  | 1,602 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,602 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,735 |
Consumer and other | 375 |  |  | 375 |  |  | — |  |  | 375 |  |  | — |  |  | 375 |
Total | $ | 24,343 |  |  | $ | 4,856 |  |  | $ | 10,831 |  |  | $ | 15,687 |  |  | $ | 2,579 |  |  | $ | 19,722 |

| Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Total interest income that would have been recognized under original terms | $ | 614 |  |  | $ | 306 |  |  | $ | 1,615 |  |  | $ | 961 |
Total cash received and recognized as interest income on non-accrual loans | 68 |  |  | 117 |  |  | 157 |  |  | 156 |
Total interest income recognized on accruing, impaired loans | 110 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 133 |  |  | 55 |

13

The recorded investment in nonperforming loans by category at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, is as follows:

| September 30, 2018
(in thousands) | Non-accrual |  | Restructured, not on non-accrual |  | Loans over 90 days past due and still accruing interest |  | Total
Commercial and industrial | $ | 10,088 |  |  | $ | 820 |  |  | $ | 1,289 |  |  | $ | 12,197 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial - investor owned | 770 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 770 |
Commercial - owner occupied | 1,288 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,288 |
Construction and land development | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Residential | 2,477 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,477 |
Consumer and other | 312 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 312 |
Total | $ | 14,935 |  |  | $ | 820 |  |  | $ | 1,289 |  |  | $ | 17,044 |

| December 31, 2017
(in thousands) | Non-accrual |  | Restructured, not on non-accrual |  | Total
Commercial and industrial | $ | 11,946 |  |  | $ | 719 |  |  | $ | 12,665 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |
Commercial - investor owned | 422 |  |  | — |  |  | 422 |
Commercial - owner occupied | 487 |  |  | — |  |  | 487 |
Construction and land development | 136 |  |  | — |  |  | 136 |
Residential | 1,602 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,602 |
Consumer and other | 375 |  |  | — |  |  | 375 |
Total | $ | 14,968 |  |  | $ | 719 |  |  | $ | 15,687 |

There were no loans over 90 days past due and still accruing interest at December 31, 2017.
14

The recorded investment by category for the portfolio loans that have been restructured during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, is as follows:

| Three months ended September 30, 2018 |  | Three months ended September 30, 2017
(in thousands, except for number of loans) | Number of loans |  | Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Balance |  | Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Balance |  | Number of loans |  | Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Balance |  | Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Balance
Commercial and industrial | 1 |  |  | $ | 187 |  |  | $ | 187 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Total | 1 |  |  | $ | 187 |  |  | $ | 187 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

| Nine months ended September 30, 2018 |  | Nine months ended September 30, 2017
(in thousands, except for number of loans) | Number of loans |  | Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Balance |  | Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Balance |  | Number of loans |  | Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Balance |  | Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Balance
Commercial and industrial | 1 |  |  | $ | 187 |  |  | $ | 187 |  |  | 1 |  |  | $ | 676 |  |  | $ | 676 |
Total | 1 |  |  | $ | 187 |  |  | $ | 187 |  |  | 1 |  |  | $ | 676 |  |  | $ | 676 |

As of September 30, 2018, the Company had $2.6 million in specific reserves allocated to $8.0 million of loans that have been restructured. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, there were no portfolio loans that subsequently defaulted.
The aging of the recorded investment in past due loans by portfolio class and category at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, is shown below.

| September 30, 2018
(in thousands) | 30-89 Days Past Due |  | 90 or More Days Past Due |  | Total Past Due |  | Current |  | Total
Commercial and industrial | $ | 11,213 |  |  | $ | 6,020 |  |  | $ | 17,233 |  |  | $ | 2,015,696 |  |  | $ | 2,032,929 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial - investor owned | 1,362 |  |  | 129 |  |  | 1,491 |  |  | 824,956 |  |  | 826,447 |
Commercial - owner occupied | 258 |  |  | 808 |  |  | 1,066 |  |  | 587,979 |  |  | 589,045 |
Construction and land development | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 326,858 |  |  | 326,858 |
Residential | 864 |  |  | 1,156 |  |  | 2,020 |  |  | 306,365 |  |  | 308,385 |
Consumer and other | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 134,677 |  |  | 134,677 |
Total | $ | 13,697 |  |  | $ | 8,113 |  |  | $ | 21,810 |  |  | $ | 4,196,531 |  |  | $ | 4,218,341 |

15

| December 31, 2017
(in thousands) | 30-89 Days Past Due |  | 90 or More Days Past Due |  | Total Past Due |  | Current |  | Total
Commercial and industrial | $ | 7,882 |  |  | $ | 1,770 |  |  | $ | 9,652 |  |  | $ | 1,909,068 |  |  | $ | 1,918,720 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial - investor owned | 934 |  |  | — |  |  | 934 |  |  | 768,341 |  |  | 769,275 |
Commercial - owner occupied | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 554,589 |  |  | 554,589 |
Construction and land development | 76 |  |  | — |  |  | 76 |  |  | 303,015 |  |  | 303,091 |
Residential | 1,529 |  |  | 945 |  |  | 2,474 |  |  | 338,838 |  |  | 341,312 |
Consumer and other | 407 |  |  | — |  |  | 407 |  |  | 135,502 |  |  | 135,909 |
Total | $ | 10,828 |  |  | $ | 2,715 |  |  | $ | 13,543 |  |  | $ | 4,009,353 |  |  | $ | 4,022,896 |

The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt, such as current financial information, payment experience, credit documentation, and current economic factors among other factors. This analysis is performed on a quarterly basis. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings:

• | Grades 1, 2, and 3 – Includes loans to borrowers with a continuous record of strong earnings, sound balance sheet condition and capitalization, ample liquidity with solid cash flow, and whose management team has experience and depth within their industry.

• | Grade 4 – Includes loans to borrowers with positive trends in profitability, satisfactory capitalization and balance sheet condition, and sufficient liquidity and cash flow.

• | Grade 5 – Includes loans to borrowers that may display fluctuating trends in sales, profitability, capitalization, liquidity, and cash flow.

• | Grade 6 – Includes loans to borrowers where an adverse change or perceived weakness has occurred, but may be correctable in the near future. Alternatively, this rating category may also include circumstances where the borrower is starting to reverse a negative trend or condition, or has recently been upgraded from a 7, 8, or 9 rating.

• | Grade 7 – Watch credits are borrowers that have experienced financial setback of a nature that is not determined to be severe or influence ‘ongoing concern’ expectations. Although possible, no loss is anticipated, due to strong collateral and/or guarantor support.

• | Grade 8 – Substandard credits include those borrowers characterized by significant losses and sustained downward trends in balance sheet condition, liquidity, and cash flow. Repayment reliance may have shifted to secondary sources. Collateral exposure may exist and additional reserves may be warranted.

• | Grade 9 – Doubtful credits include borrowers that may show deteriorating trends that are unlikely to be corrected. Collateral values may appear insufficient for full recovery, therefore requiring a partial charge-off, or debt renegotiation with the borrower. The borrower may have declared bankruptcy or bankruptcy is likely in the near term. All doubtful rated credits will be on non-accrual.

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The recorded investment by risk category of the loans by portfolio class and category at September 30, 2018, which is based upon the most recent analysis performed, and December 31, 2017, is as follows:

| September 30, 2018
(in thousands) | Pass (1-6) |  | Watch (7) |  | Classified (8 & 9) |  | Total
Commercial and industrial | $ | 1,835,230 |  |  | $ | 142,768 |  |  | $ | 54,931 |  |  | $ | 2,032,929 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial - investor owned | 798,116 |  |  | 22,275 |  |  | 6,056 |  |  | 826,447 |
Commercial - owner occupied | 540,961 |  |  | 43,399 |  |  | 4,685 |  |  | 589,045 |
Construction and land development | 315,022 |  |  | 11,775 |  |  | 61 |  |  | 326,858 |
Residential | 298,076 |  |  | 3,058 |  |  | 7,251 |  |  | 308,385 |
Consumer and other | 134,359 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 311 |  |  | 134,677 |
Total | $ | 3,921,764 |  |  | $ | 223,282 |  |  | $ | 73,295 |  |  | $ | 4,218,341 |

| December 31, 2017
(in thousands) | Pass (1-6) |  | Watch (7) |  | Classified (8 & 9) |  | Total
Commercial and industrial | $ | 1,769,102 |  |  | $ | 94,002 |  |  | $ | 55,616 |  |  | $ | 1,918,720 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial - investor owned | 754,010 |  |  | 10,840 |  |  | 4,425 |  |  | 769,275 |
Commercial - owner occupied | 514,616 |  |  | 34,440 |  |  | 5,533 |  |  | 554,589 |
Construction and land development | 292,766 |  |  | 9,983 |  |  | 342 |  |  | 303,091 |
Residential | 329,742 |  |  | 3,648 |  |  | 7,922 |  |  | 341,312 |
Consumer and other | 134,704 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 1,195 |  |  | 135,909 |
Total | $ | 3,794,940 |  |  | $ | 152,923 |  |  | $ | 75,033 |  |  | $ | 4,022,896 |

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Below is a summary of PCI loans by category at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

| September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
(in thousands) | Weighted- Average Risk Rating 1 | Recorded Investment PCI Loans |  | Weighted- Average Risk Rating 1 | Recorded Investment PCI Loans
Commercial and industrial | 6.39 | $ | 2,923 |  |  | 6.38 | $ | 3,212 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |
Commercial - investor owned | 7.23 | 25,172 |  |  | 7.36 | 42,887 |
Commercial - owner occupied | 7.45 | 9,520 |  |  | 6.48 | 11,332 |
Construction and land development | 6.01 | 5,168 |  |  | 5.99 | 5,883 |
Residential | 6.35 | 6,291 |  |  | 5.99 | 10,781 |
Consumer and other | 7.08 | 15 |  |  | 2.84 | 59 |
Total |  | $ | 49,089 |  |  |  | $ | 74,154 |
1 Risk ratings are based on the borrower's contractual obligation, which is not reflective of the purchase discount.

The aging of the recorded investment in past due PCI loans by portfolio class and category at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, is shown below:

| September 30, 2018
(in thousands) | 30-89 Days Past Due |  | 90 or More Days Past Due |  | Total Past Due |  | Current |  | Total
Commercial and industrial | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,923 |  |  | $ | 2,923 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial - investor owned | 627 |  |  | 1,190 |  |  | 1,817 |  |  | 23,355 |  |  | 25,172 |
Commercial - owner occupied | 6,230 |  |  | 744 |  |  | 6,974 |  |  | 2,546 |  |  | 9,520 |
Construction and land development | 146 |  |  | — |  |  | 146 |  |  | 5,022 |  |  | 5,168 |
Residential | 33 |  |  | 46 |  |  | 79 |  |  | 6,212 |  |  | 6,291 |
Consumer and other | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 15 |  |  | 15 |
Total | $ | 7,036 |  |  | $ | 1,980 |  |  | $ | 9,016 |  |  | $ | 40,073 |  |  | $ | 49,089 |

| December 31, 2017
(in thousands) | 30-89 Days Past Due |  | 90 or More Days Past Due |  | Total Past Due |  | Current |  | Total
Commercial and industrial | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,212 |  |  | $ | 3,212 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial - investor owned | — |  |  | 3,034 |  |  | 3,034 |  |  | 39,853 |  |  | 42,887 |
Commercial - owner occupied | — |  |  | 673 |  |  | 673 |  |  | 10,659 |  |  | 11,332 |
Construction and land development | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,883 |  |  | 5,883 |
Residential | 328 |  |  | 255 |  |  | 583 |  |  | 10,198 |  |  | 10,781 |
Consumer and other | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 59 |  |  | 59 |
Total | $ | 328 |  |  | $ | 3,962 |  |  | $ | 4,290 |  |  | $ | 69,864 |  |  | $ | 74,154 |

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The following table is a roll forward of PCI loans, net of the allowance for loan losses, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.

(in thousands) | Contractual Cashflows |  | Non-accretable Difference |  | Accretable Yield |  | Carrying Amount
Balance December 31, 2017 | $ | 112,710 |  |  | $ | 29,005 |  |  | $ | 13,964 |  |  | $ | 69,741 |
Principal reductions and interest payments | (38,165 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (38,165 | )
Accretion of loan discount | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5,118 | ) |  | 5,118 |
Changes in contractual and expected cash flows due to remeasurement | 4,341 |  |  | (8,939 | ) |  | 3,179 |  |  | 10,101 |
Balance September 30, 2018 | $ | 78,886 |  |  | $ | 20,066 |  |  | $ | 12,025 |  |  | $ | 46,795 |
Balance December 31, 2016 | $ | 66,003 |  |  | $ | 18,902 |  |  | $ | 13,176 |  |  | $ | 33,925 |
Acquisitions | 68,763 |  |  | 14,296 |  |  | 5,312 |  |  | 49,155 |
Principal reductions and interest payments | (16,319 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (16,319 | )
Accretion of loan discount | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5,473 | ) |  | 5,473 |
Changes in contractual and expected cash flows due to remeasurement | 11,110 |  |  | (702 | ) |  | 3,776 |  |  | 8,036 |
Reductions due to disposals | (6,393 | ) |  | (1,612 | ) |  | (1,595 | ) |  | (3,186 | )
Balance September 30, 2017 | $ | 123,164 |  |  | $ | 30,884 |  |  | $ | 15,196 |  |  | $ | 77,084 |

The accretable yield is recognized in interest income over the estimated life of the acquired loans using the effective yield method. Outstanding customer balances on PCI loans were $68.6 million and $94.9 million as of September 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, respectively.
NOTE 5 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
The Company issues financial instruments with off balance sheet risk in the normal course of the business of meeting the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. These instruments may involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets.
The Company’s extent of involvement and maximum potential exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit is represented by the contractual amount of these instruments.
The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for financial instruments included on its consolidated balance sheets. At September 30, 2018, the amount of unadvanced commitments on impaired loans was insignificant.
The contractual amounts of off-balance-sheet financial instruments as of September 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, are as follows:

(in thousands) | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
Commitments to extend credit | $ | 1,315,284 |  |  | $ | 1,298,423 |
Letters of credit | 49,633 |  |  | 73,790 |

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments usually have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses, may have
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significant usage restrictions, and may require payment of a fee. Of the total commitments to extend credit at September 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, approximately $91.8 million and $112.0 million, respectively, represent fixed rate loan commitments. Since certain of the commitments may expire without being drawn upon or may be revoked, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Company evaluates each customer’s credit worthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by the Company upon extension of credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the borrower. Collateral held varies, but may include accounts receivable, inventory, premises and equipment, and real estate. Other liabilities includes $0.4 million for estimated losses attributable to the unadvanced commitments at September 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017.
Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance or payment of a customer to a third party. These standby letters of credit are issued to support contractual obligations of the Company’s customers. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as the risk involved in extending loans to customers. As of September 30, 2018, the approximate remaining terms of standby letters of credit range from 1 month to 3 years and 3 months.
Contingencies
The Company and its subsidiaries are, from time to time, parties to various legal proceedings arising out of their businesses. Management believes there are no such proceedings pending or threatened against the Company or its subsidiaries which, if determined adversely, would have a material adverse effect on the business, consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows of the Company or any of its subsidiaries.
NOTE 6 - DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The Company is a party to various derivative financial instruments used in the normal course of business to meet the needs of its clients and as part of its risk management activities. These instruments include interest rate swap agreements and option contracts and foreign exchange forward contracts. The Company does not enter into derivative financial instruments for trading purposes.
Hedging Instruments. At September 30, 2018, the Company had no outstanding derivative contracts used to manage risk.
Client-Related Derivative Instruments. The Company enters into interest rate swaps to allow customers to hedge changes in fair value of certain loans while maintaining a variable rate loan on its own books. The Company also enters into foreign exchange forward contracts with clients, and enters into offsetting foreign exchange forward contracts with established financial institution counterparties. The table below summarizes the notional amounts and fair values of the client-related derivative instruments:

|  | Asset Derivatives (Other Assets) |  | Liability Derivatives (Other Liabilities)
| Notional Amount |  | Fair Value |  | Fair Value
(in thousands) | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017 |  | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017 |  | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
Non-designated hedging instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swap contracts | $ | 433,664 |  |  | $ | 394,852 |  |  | $ | 4,772 |  |  | $ | 2,061 |  |  | $ | 4,772 |  |  | $ | 2,061 |
Foreign exchange forward contracts | 123 |  |  | 1,528 |  |  | 123 |  |  | 1,528 |  |  | 123 |  |  | 1,528 |

Changes in the fair value of client-related derivative instruments are recognized currently in operations. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the gains and losses offset each other due to the Company's hedging of the client swaps and foreign exchange contracts with other bank counterparties.
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NOTE 7 - FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Below is a description of certain assets and liabilities measured at fair value.
The following table summarizes financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, segregated by the level of the valuation inputs within the fair value hierarchy utilized to measure fair value:

| September 30, 2018
(in thousands) | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  | Total Fair Value
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities available for sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises | $ | — |  |  | $ | 97,681 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 97,681 |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | — |  |  | 30,533 |  |  | — |  |  | 30,533 |
Residential mortgage-backed securities | — |  |  | 532,347 |  |  | — |  |  | 532,347 |
U.S. Treasury bills | — |  |  | 9,767 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,767 |
Total securities available for sale | $ | — |  |  | $ | 670,328 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 670,328 |
Other investments | 144 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 144 |
State tax credits held for sale | — |  |  | — |  |  | 171 |  |  | 171 |
Derivative financial instruments | — |  |  | 4,895 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,895 |
Total assets | $ | 144 |  |  | $ | 675,223 |  |  | $ | 171 |  |  | $ | 675,538 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative financial instruments | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,895 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,895 |
Total liabilities | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,895 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,895 |

| December 31, 2017
(in thousands) | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  | Total Fair Value
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities available for sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises | $ | — |  |  | $ | 99,224 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 99,224 |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | — |  |  | 34,642 |  |  | — |  |  | 34,642 |
Residential mortgage-backed securities | — |  |  | 507,516 |  |  | — |  |  | 507,516 |
Total securities available for sale | $ | — |  |  | $ | 641,382 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 641,382 |
State tax credits held for sale | — |  |  | — |  |  | 400 |  |  | 400 |
Derivative financial instruments | — |  |  | 3,589 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,589 |
Total assets | $ | — |  |  | $ | 644,971 |  |  | $ | 400 |  |  | $ | 645,371 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative financial instruments | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,589 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,589 |
Total liabilities | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,589 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,589 |

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• | Securities available for sale. Securities classified as available for sale are reported at fair value utilizing Level 2 and Level 3 inputs. Fair values for Level 2 securities are based upon dealer quotes, market spreads, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information and the bond's terms and conditions at the security level.

• | Other investments. At September 30, 2018, of the $37.9 million of other investments on the condensed consolidated balance sheet, approximately $0.2 million were carried at fair value. The remaining $37.7 million of other investments were accounted for at cost. Other investments reported at fair value represent equity securities with quoted market prices (Level 1).

• | State tax credits held for sale. At September 30, 2018, of the $45.6 million of state tax credits held for sale on the condensed consolidated balance sheet, approximately $0.1 million were carried at fair value. The remaining $45.5 million of state tax credits were accounted for at cost.

The Company is not aware of an active market that exists for the 10-year streams of state tax credit financial instruments. However, the Company’s principal market for these tax credits consists of Missouri state residents who buy these credits and local and regional accounting firms who broker them. As such, the Company employed a discounted cash flow analysis (income approach) to determine fair value.
The remaining state tax credits carried at fair value are expected to be sold within the next several quarters. The state tax credit assets are reported as Level 3 assets.

• | Derivatives. Derivatives are reported at fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs. The Company obtains counterparty quotations to value its interest rate swaps. In addition, the Company validates the counterparty quotations with third party valuation sources. Derivatives with negative fair values are included in Other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. Derivatives with positive fair value are included in Other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.

There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.
Level 3 financial instruments
The following table presents the changes in Level 3 financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2018 and 2017.

| Securities available for sale, at fair value
Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Beginning balance | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,089 |
Total gains: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Included in other comprehensive income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |
Purchases, sales, issuances and settlements: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchases | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Transfer in and/or out of Level 3 | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,093 | )
Ending balance | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Change in unrealized gains relating to assets still held at the reporting date | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

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| State tax credits held for sale
Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Beginning balance | $ | 299 |  |  | $ | 1,274 |  |  | $ | 400 |  |  | $ | 3,585 |
Total gains: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Included in earnings | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | 13 |  |  | 49 |
Purchases, sales, issuances and settlements: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales | (135 | ) |  | — |  |  | (242 | ) |  | (2,360 | )
Ending balance | $ | 171 |  |  | $ | 1,274 |  |  | $ | 171 |  |  | $ | 1,274 |
Change in unrealized gains (losses) relating to assets still held at the reporting date | $ | (34 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (60 | ) |  | $ | (655 | )

From time to time, the Company measures certain assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These include assets measured at the lower of cost or fair value that were recognized at fair value below cost at the end of the period. The following table presents financial instruments and non-financial assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of September 30, 2018.

| (1) |  | (1) |  | (1) |  | (1) |  |  |  |
(in thousands) | Total Fair Value |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  | Total losses for the three months ended September 30, 2018 |  | Total losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2018
Impaired loans | $ | 485 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 485 |  |  | $ | 248 |  |  | $ | 457 |
Other real estate | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 485 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 485 |  |  | $ | 248 |  |  | $ | 457 |

(1) The amounts represent only balances measured at fair value during the period and still held as of the reporting date.
Impaired loans are reported at the fair value of the underlying collateral for collateral dependent loans. Fair values for impaired loans are obtained from current appraisals by qualified licensed appraisers or independent valuation specialists. At September 30, 2018, impaired loans measured on a non-recurring basis had a principal balance of $0.7 million, with a valuation allowance of $0.2 million.
Other real estate owned is adjusted to fair value upon foreclosure of the underlying loan. Subsequently, foreclosed assets are carried at the lower of carrying value or fair value less costs to sell. Fair value of other real estate is based upon the current appraised values of the properties as determined by qualified licensed appraisers and the Company’s judgment of other relevant market conditions.
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Following is a summary of the carrying amounts and fair values of the Company’s financial instruments on the consolidated balance sheets at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. Fair values that are not estimable are listed at the carrying value.

| September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
(in thousands) | Carrying Amount |  | Estimated fair value |  | Carrying Amount |  | Estimated fair value
Balance sheet assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and due from banks | $ | 78,119 |  |  | $ | 78,119 |  |  | $ | 91,084 |  |  | $ | 91,084 |
Federal funds sold | 1,571 |  |  | 1,571 |  |  | 1,223 |  |  | 1,223 |
Interest-bearing deposits | 79,780 |  |  | 79,780 |  |  | 63,661 |  |  | 63,661 |
Securities available for sale | 670,328 |  |  | 670,328 |  |  | 641,382 |  |  | 641,382 |
Securities held to maturity | 67,131 |  |  | 64,416 |  |  | 73,749 |  |  | 73,458 |
Other investments, at cost | 37,885 |  |  | 37,885 |  |  | 26,661 |  |  | 26,661 |
Loans held for sale | 738 |  |  | 738 |  |  | 3,155 |  |  | 3,155 |
Derivative financial instruments | 4,895 |  |  | 4,895 |  |  | 3,589 |  |  | 3,589 |
Portfolio loans, net | 4,223,244 |  |  | 4,254,581 |  |  | 4,054,473 |  |  | 4,096,741 |
State tax credits, held for sale | 45,625 |  |  | 48,622 |  |  | 43,468 |  |  | 44,271 |
Accrued interest receivable | 19,879 |  |  | 19,879 |  |  | 14,069 |  |  | 14,069 |
Balance sheet liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits | 4,210,476 |  |  | 4,203,913 |  |  | 4,156,414 |  |  | 4,153,323 |
Subordinated debentures and notes | 118,144 |  |  | 105,611 |  |  | 118,105 |  |  | 105,031 |
Federal Home Loan Bank advances | 401,000 |  |  | 400,977 |  |  | 172,743 |  |  | 172,893 |
Other borrowings | 161,795 |  |  | 161,676 |  |  | 253,674 |  |  | 253,530 |
Derivative financial instruments | 4,895 |  |  | 4,895 |  |  | 3,589 |  |  | 3,589 |
Accrued interest payable | 2,433 |  |  | 2,433 |  |  | 1,730 |  |  | 1,730 |

For information regarding the methods and assumptions used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments for which it is practical to estimate such value, refer to Note 18 – Fair Value Measurements in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
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The following table presents the level in the fair value hierarchy for the estimated fair values of only the Company’s financial instruments that are not already presented on the condensed consolidated balance sheets at fair value at September 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017.

| Estimated Fair Value Measurement at Reporting Date Using |  | Balance at September 30, 2018
(in thousands) | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |
Financial Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities held to maturity | $ | — |  |  | $ | 64,416 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 64,416 |
Portfolio loans, net | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,254,581 |  |  | 4,254,581 |
State tax credits, held for sale | — |  |  | — |  |  | 48,451 |  |  | 48,451 |
Financial Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits | 3,536,239 |  |  | — |  |  | 667,674 |  |  | 4,203,913 |
Subordinated debentures and notes | — |  |  | 105,611 |  |  | — |  |  | 105,611 |
Federal Home Loan Bank advances | — |  |  | 400,977 |  |  | — |  |  | 400,977 |
Other borrowings | — |  |  | 161,676 |  |  | — |  |  | 161,676 |
| Estimated Fair Value Measurement at Reporting Date Using |  | Balance at December 31, 2017
(in thousands) | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |
Financial Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities held to maturity | $ | — |  |  | $ | 73,458 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 73,458 |
Portfolio loans, net | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,096,741 |  |  | 4,096,741 |
State tax credits, held for sale | — |  |  | — |  |  | 43,871 |  |  | 43,871 |
Financial Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits | 3,577,641 |  |  | — |  |  | 575,682 |  |  | 4,153,323 |
Subordinated debentures and notes | — |  |  | 105,031 |  |  | — |  |  | 105,031 |
Federal Home Loan Bank advances | — |  |  | 172,893 |  |  | — |  |  | 172,893 |
Other borrowings | — |  |  | 253,530 |  |  | — |  |  | 253,530 |

NOTE 8 - NEW AUTHORITATIVE ACCOUNTING GUIDANCE
Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") ASU 2018-15 "Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Fees Paid in a Cloud Computing Arrangement" In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, which amends ASC 350-402 to address a customer’s accounting for implementation costs incurred in a cloud computing arrangement (CCA) that is a service contract. ASU 2018-15 aligns the accounting for costs incurred to implement a CCA that is a service arrangement with the guidance on capitalizing costs associated with developing or obtaining internal-use software. Specifically, the ASU amends ASC 350 to include in its scope implementation costs of a CCA that is a service contract and clarifies that a customer should apply ASC 350-40 to determine which implementation costs should be capitalized in a CCA that is considered a service contract. The amendments are effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those annual periods, with early adoption being permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the new guidance and has not yet determined the impact this standard may have on its consolidated balance sheets.
FASB ASU 2018-13 "Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement" In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, which changes the fair value measurement disclosure requirements of ASC 820. The amendments in this ASU are the result of a broader disclosure project called FASB Concepts Statement, Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting — Chapter 8: Notes to Financial Statements, which the Board finalized on August 28, 2018. The Board used the guidance in the Concepts Statement, including consideration of costs and benefits, to improve the effectiveness of
25

ASC 820’s disclosure requirements. The Company is currently evaluating the new guidance and has not yet determined the impact this standard may have on its consolidated balance sheets.
FASB ASU 2018-11 "Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements" In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11 to provide entities with relief from the costs of implementing certain aspects of the new leasing standard, ASU 2016-02 (codified as ASC 842). Specifically, under the amendments in ASU 2018-11 (1)entities may elect not to recast the comparative periods presented when transitioning to ASC 842 (2) lessors may elect not to separate lease and nonlease components when certain conditions are met. The Company intends to utilize the optional transition method and apply the new leases standard at the adoption date of January 1, 2019. The Company is evaluating the impact of separating lease and nonlease components on its financial statements.
FASB ASU 2017-08 "Receivables - Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20), Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities" In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-08, "Receivables - Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20)" which shortens the amortization period of certain callable debt securities held at a premium to the earliest call date. The amendments are effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those annual periods, with early adoption being permitted. The Company has evaluated the new guidance and does not expect it to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements. At September 30, 2018, the book value of callable bonds purchased at a premium totaled $22.0 million, and the amount of unamortized premium remaining on these securities was $0.7 million.
FASB ASU 2016-13 "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments" In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, "Financial Instruments (Topic 326)" which changes the methodology for evaluating impairment of most financial instruments. The ASU replaces the currently used incurred loss model with a forward-looking expected loss model, which will generally result in a more timely recognition of losses. The guidance becomes effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company has formed an implementation team that includes members of accounting, credit, and loan operations to review the requirements of ASU 2016-13, and has contracted with a software provider to aid in implementation. The Company has not yet determined the impact this standard may have on its financial statements.
FASB ASU 2016-02 "Leases (Topic 842)" In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)" which requires organizations that lease assets ("lessees") to recognize the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by leases with terms of more than 12 months. The recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease by a lessee remains dependent on its classification as a finance or operating lease. The criteria for determining whether a lease is a finance or operating lease has not been significantly changed by this ASU. The ASU also requires additional disclosure of the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases, including qualitative and quantitative requirements. The guidance becomes effective for periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods therein. Early adoption will be permitted. The Company has formed a lease implementation team that includes members of accounting, facilities and operations to review lease contracts and the requirements of ASU 2016-02. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this amendment on its financial statements; however, it does not expect the adoption of the new standard to have a material impact on its results of operations or balance sheet as a result of the recognition of right-to-use assets and lease liabilities related to operating leases.
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ITEM 2: MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Forward Looking Statements
Some of the information in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.. Forward-looking statements typically are identified with use of terms such as “may,” “might,” “will,” “would,” “should,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential,” “could,” “continue” and the negative of these terms and similar words, although some forward-looking statements may be expressed differently. Forward-looking statements also include, but are not limited to, statements regarding plans, objectives, expectations or consequences of statements about the future performance, operations products and services of the Company and its subsidiaries. Our ability to predict results or the actual effect of future plans or strategies is inherently uncertain. You should be aware that our actual results could differ materially from those contained in the forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including, but not limited to: our ability to efficiently integrate acquisitions into our operations, retain the customers of these businesses and grow the acquired operations; credit risk; changes in the appraised valuation of real estate securing impaired loans; outcomes of litigation and other contingencies; exposure to general and local economic conditions; risks associated with rapid increases or decreases in prevailing interest rates; consolidation within the banking industry; competition from banks and other financial institutions; our ability to attract and retain relationship officers and other key personnel; burdens imposed by federal and state regulation; changes in regulatory requirements; changes in accounting regulation or standards applicable to banks; and other risks discussed under the caption “Risk Factors” under Part 1, Item 1A of our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K or within this Form 10-Q, all of which could cause the Company’s actual results to differ from those set forth in the forward-looking statements.
Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements, which reflect management’s analysis and expectations only as of the date of such statements. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and the Company does not intend, and undertakes no obligation, to publicly revise or update forward-looking statements after the date of this report, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by federal securities law. You should understand that it is not possible to predict or identify all risk factors. Readers should carefully review all disclosures we file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission which are available on our website at www.enterprisebank.com under "Investor Relations."
Introduction
The following discussion describes the significant changes to the financial condition of the Company that have occurred during the first nine months of 2018 compared to the financial condition as of December 31, 2017. In addition, this discussion summarizes the significant factors affecting the results of operations, liquidity and cash flows of the Company for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the same periods in 2017. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.
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Executive Summary
Below are highlights of our financial performance for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, as compared to the linked quarter ended June 30, 2018, and prior year period. The Company closed its acquisition of Jefferson County Bancshares, Inc. ("JCB") on February 10, 2017. The results of operations of JCB are included in our consolidated results since this date and, therefore, were not included for the full nine months prior year period.

(in thousands, except per share data) | For the Three Months ended/At |  | For the Nine Months ended
September 30, 2018 |  | June 30, 2018 |  | September 30, 2017 |  | September 30, 2018 |  | September 30, 2017
EARNINGS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total interest income | $ | 60,757 |  |  | $ | 57,879 |  |  | $ | 52,468 |  |  | $ | 173,800 |  |  | $ | 147,750 |
Total interest expense | 12,664 |  |  | 10,831 |  |  | 6,843 |  |  | 32,488 |  |  | 17,850 |
Net interest income | 48,093 |  |  | 47,048 |  |  | 45,625 |  |  | 141,312 |  |  | 129,900 |
Provision for portfolio loans | 2,332 |  |  | 2,385 |  |  | 2,422 |  |  | 6,588 |  |  | 7,578 |
Provision reversal for PCI loans | (69 | ) |  | (1,995 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2,064 | ) |  | (355 | )
Net interest income after provision for loan losses | 45,830 |  |  | 46,658 |  |  | 43,203 |  |  | 136,788 |  |  | 122,677 |
Total noninterest income | 8,410 |  |  | 9,693 |  |  | 8,372 |  |  | 27,645 |  |  | 23,282 |
Total noninterest expense | 29,922 |  |  | 29,219 |  |  | 27,404 |  |  | 88,284 |  |  | 86,791 |
Income before income tax expense | 24,318 |  |  | 27,132 |  |  | 24,171 |  |  | 76,149 |  |  | 59,168 |
Income tax expense | 1,802 |  |  | 4,881 |  |  | 7,856 |  |  | 10,461 |  |  | 18,507 |
Net income | $ | 22,516 |  |  | $ | 22,251 |  |  | $ | 16,315 |  |  | $ | 65,688 |  |  | $ | 40,661 |
Basic earnings per share | $ | 0.97 |  |  | $ | 0.96 |  |  | $ | 0.70 |  |  | $ | 2.84 |  |  | $ | 1.77 |
Diluted earnings per share | 0.97 |  |  | 0.95 |  |  | 0.69 |  |  | 2.81 |  |  | 1.75 |
Return on average assets | 1.63 | % |  | 1.65 | % |  | 1.27 | % |  | 1.62 | % |  | 1.11 | %
Return on average common equity | 15.22 | % |  | 15.70 | % |  | 11.69 | % |  | 15.41 | % |  | 10.37 | %
Return on average tangible common equity | 19.42 | % |  | 20.23 | % |  | 15.23 | % |  | 19.85 | % |  | 13.25 | %
Net interest margin (fully tax equivalent) | 3.78 | % |  | 3.77 | % |  | 3.88 | % |  | 3.78 | % |  | 3.87 | %
Efficiency ratio | 52.96 | % |  | 51.50 | % |  | 50.75 | % |  | 52.25 | % |  | 56.66 | %
Tangible book value per common share | $ | 19.94 |  |  | $ | 19.32 |  |  | $ | 18.09 |  |  |  |  |
ASSET QUALITY (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net charge-offs | $ | 2,447 |  |  | $ | 641 |  |  | $ | 803 |  |  | $ | 2,862 |  |  | $ | 6,851 |
Nonperforming loans | 17,044 |  |  | 14,801 |  |  | 8,985 |  |  |  |  |
Classified assets | 73,704 |  |  | 74,001 |  |  | 80,757 |  |  |  |  |
Nonperforming loans to portfolio loans | 0.40 | % |  | 0.35 | % |  | 0.23 | % |  |  |  |
Nonperforming assets to total assets (1) | 0.32 | % |  | 0.28 | % |  | 0.18 | % |  |  |  |
Allowance for loan losses to portfolio loans | 0.99 | % |  | 1.00 | % |  | 0.97 | % |  |  |  |
Net charge-offs to average loans (annualized) | 0.23 | % |  | 0.06 | % |  | 0.08 | % |  | 0.09 | % |  | 0.24 | %
(1) Excludes purchased credit impaired loans and related assets, except for their inclusion in total assets.

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Below are highlights of the Company's Core performance measures, which we believe are important measures of financial performance, but are non-GAAP measures. For additional information, refer to the reconciliation of Core performance measures included in this MD&A section under the caption "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures".

| For the Three Months ended |  | For the Nine Months ended
(in thousands) | September 30, 2018 |  | June 30, 2018 |  | September 30, 2017 |  | September 30, 2018 |  | September 30, 2017
CORE PERFORMANCE MEASURES (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income | $ | 47,558 |  |  | $ | 46,757 |  |  | $ | 44,069 |  |  | $ | 139,720 |  |  | $ | 124,685 |
Provision for portfolio loans | 2,332 |  |  | 2,385 |  |  | 2,422 |  |  | 6,588 |  |  | 7,578 |
Noninterest income | 8,403 |  |  | 9,026 |  |  | 8,350 |  |  | 25,949 |  |  | 23,260 |
Noninterest expense | 29,228 |  |  | 29,209 |  |  | 27,070 |  |  | 87,566 |  |  | 79,814 |
Income before income tax expense | 24,401 |  |  | 24,189 |  |  | 22,927 |  |  | 71,515 |  |  | 60,553 |
Income tax expense | 4,372 |  |  | 4,145 |  |  | 7,391 |  |  | 11,857 |  |  | 18,636 |
Net income | $ | 20,029 |  |  | $ | 20,044 |  |  | $ | 15,536 |  |  | $ | 59,658 |  |  | $ | 41,917 |
Earnings per share | $ | 0.86 |  |  | $ | 0.86 |  |  | $ | 0.66 |  |  | $ | 2.56 |  |  | $ | 1.81 |
Return on average assets | 1.45 | % |  | 1.48 | % |  | 1.21 | % |  | 1.47 | % |  | 1.14 | %
Return on average common equity | 13.54 | % |  | 14.14 | % |  | 11.13 | % |  | 14.00 | % |  | 10.69 | %
Return on average tangible common equity | 17.28 | % |  | 18.22 | % |  | 14.50 | % |  | 18.03 | % |  | 13.66 | %
Net interest margin (fully tax equivalent) | 3.74 | % |  | 3.75 | % |  | 3.75 | % |  | 3.74 | % |  | 3.71 | %
Efficiency ratio | 52.23 | % |  | 52.36 | % |  | 51.64 | % |  | 52.86 | % |  | 53.95 | %

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company noted the following trends:

• | The Company reported net income of $65.7 million, or $2.81 per diluted share, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to $40.7 million, or $1.75 per diluted share, for the same period in 2017. The $1.06 increase in earnings per share primarily increased from growth in the balance sheet resulting from organic loan and deposit growth, fee income growth, and corporate tax reform.

• | On a core basis 1, net income grew 42% to $59.7 million, or $2.56 per diluted share, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to $41.9 million, or $1.81 per diluted share, in the prior year period. The diluted core earnings per share 1 increase of $0.75 continues to be driven by revenue growth, which expanded $17.7 million, or 12%.

• | Net interest income for the first nine months of 2018 increased $11.4 million or 9%, from the prior year period due to strong portfolio loan growth and a higher average yield partially offset by an increase in cost of funds and a reduction in incremental accretion on non-core acquired loans.

• | Net interest margin for the first nine months of 2018 decreased nine basis points to 3.78% when compared to the prior year period of 3.87%. Core net interest margin 1, which excludes incremental accretion on non-core acquired loans, increased three basis points to 3.74% for the first nine months of 2018 from the prior year period primarily due to the impact of interest rate increases on portfolio loans out-pacing the increase in deposit and borrowing costs.

1 A non-GAAP measure. A reconciliation has been included in this MD&A section under the caption "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures."
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• | Noninterest income for the first nine months of 2018 increased $4.4 million or 19%, compared to the prior year period primarily due to $2.0 million of nonrecurring revenue along with higher income from deposit service charges and card services from growth in the client base.

• | Noninterest expense was $88.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to $86.8 million for the comparable period in 2017. Noninterest expense for the 2017 period included $6.5 million of merger related expenses. Core noninterest expense 1 was $87.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to $79.8 million for the prior year period primarily due to increases in compensation and benefit expense from investments in revenue producing personnel, tax credit amortization of $2.0 million, and other operating expenses from the acquisition of JCB.

Balance sheet highlights:

• | Loans – Portfolio loans increased to $4.2 billion at September 30, 2018, increasing $183 million when compared to December 31, 2017 primarily in the commercial and industrial, and commercial real estate categories.

• | Deposits – Total deposits at September 30, 2018 were $4.2 billion, an increase of $54 million, or 1% from December 31, 2017. Core deposits, defined as total deposits excluding time deposits, were $3.5 billion at September 30, 2018, a decrease of $41 million, or 1% when compared to December 31, 2017.

• | Asset quality – Nonperforming loans were $17.0 million at September 30, 2018, compared to $14.9 million at December 31, 2017. Nonperforming loans represented 0.40% and 0.35% of portfolio loans at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

Provision for portfolio loan losses was $6.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to $7.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. See Item 1, Note 4 – Portfolio Loans, and Provision and Allowance for Loan Losses in this section for more information.
1 A non-GAAP measure. A reconciliation has been included in this MD&A section under the caption "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures."
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Net Interest Income
Average Balance Sheet
Non-core acquired loans were those acquired from the FDIC and were previously covered by shared-loss agreements. These loans continue to be accounted for as purchased credit impaired loans. Approximately $31 million of loans acquired from JCB's portfolio are also accounted for as purchased credit impaired loans. However, all loans acquired from JCB are included in portfolio loans. The following table presents, for the periods indicated, certain information related to our average interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, as well as, the corresponding interest rates earned and paid, all on a tax equivalent basis.

| Three months ended September 30,
| 2018 |  | 2017
(in thousands) | Average Balance |  | Interest Income/Expense |  | Average Yield/ Rate |  | Average Balance |  | Interest Income/Expense |  | Average Yield/ Rate
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Taxable portfolio loans (1) | $ | 4,196,242 |  |  | $ | 54,086 |  |  | 5.11 | % |  | $ | 3,866,434 |  |  | $ | 45,526 |  |  | 4.67 | %
Tax-exempt portfolio loans (2) | 34,392 |  |  | 483 |  |  | 5.57 |  |  | 38,202 |  |  | 623 |  |  | 6.47 |
Non-core acquired loans - contractual | 21,891 |  |  | 399 |  |  | 7.23 |  |  | 35,120 |  |  | 553 |  |  | 6.25 |
Non-core acquired loans - incremental accretion |  |  | 535 |  |  | 9.70 |  |  |  |  | 1,556 |  |  | 17.57 |
Total loans | 4,252,525 |  |  | 55,503 |  |  | 5.18 |  |  | 3,939,756 |  |  | 48,258 |  |  | 4.86 |
Taxable investments in debt and equity securities | 715,846 |  |  | 4,805 |  |  | 2.66 |  |  | 667,520 |  |  | 3,981 |  |  | 2.37 |
Non-taxable investments in debt and equity securities (2) | 39,283 |  |  | 349 |  |  | 3.52 |  |  | 43,537 |  |  | 475 |  |  | 4.33 |
Short-term investments | 64,919 |  |  | 306 |  |  | 1.87 |  |  | 61,859 |  |  | 173 |  |  | 1.11 |
Total securities and short-term investments | 820,048 |  |  | 5,460 |  |  | 2.64 |  |  | 772,916 |  |  | 4,629 |  |  | 2.38 |
Total interest-earning assets | 5,072,573 |  |  | 60,963 |  |  | 4.77 |  |  | 4,712,672 |  |  | 52,887 |  |  | 4.45 |
Noninterest-earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and due from banks | 88,924 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 76,661 |  |  |  |  |
Other assets | 354,788 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 348,100 |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for loan losses | (44,781 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | (41,939 | ) |  |  |  |
Total assets | $ | 5,471,504 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 5,095,494 |  |  |  |  |
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing transaction accounts | $ | 758,621 |  |  | $ | 799 |  |  | 0.42 | % |  | $ | 805,073 |  |  | $ | 523 |  |  | 0.26 | %
Money market accounts | 1,523,822 |  |  | 5,423 |  |  | 1.41 |  |  | 1,314,274 |  |  | 2,410 |  |  | 0.73 |
Savings | 208,057 |  |  | 157 |  |  | 0.30 |  |  | 200,394 |  |  | 125 |  |  | 0.25 |
Certificates of deposit | 678,214 |  |  | 2,878 |  |  | 1.68 |  |  | 580,951 |  |  | 1,493 |  |  | 1.02 |
Total interest-bearing deposits | 3,168,714 |  |  | 9,257 |  |  | 1.16 |  |  | 2,900,692 |  |  | 4,551 |  |  | 0.62 |
Subordinated debentures | 118,134 |  |  | 1,483 |  |  | 4.98 |  |  | 118,086 |  |  | 1,316 |  |  | 4.42 |
FHLB advances | 311,522 |  |  | 1,729 |  |  | 2.20 |  |  | 249,462 |  |  | 832 |  |  | 1.31 |
Other borrowed funds | 160,151 |  |  | 195 |  |  | 0.48 |  |  | 206,533 |  |  | 144 |  |  | 0.28 |
Total interest-bearing liabilities | 3,758,521 |  |  | 12,664 |  |  | 1.34 |  |  | 3,474,773 |  |  | 6,843 |  |  | 0.78 |
Noninterest bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Demand deposits | 1,086,809 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,031,346 |  |  |  |  |
Other liabilities | 39,409 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 35,662 |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities | 4,884,739 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,541,781 |  |  |  |  |
Shareholders' equity | 586,765 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 553,713 |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities & shareholders' equity | $ | 5,471,504 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 5,095,494 |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income |  |  | $ | 48,299 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 46,044 |  |  |
Net interest spread |  |  |  |  | 3.43 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 3.67 | %
Net interest margin |  |  |  |  | 3.78 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 3.88 | %
Core net interest margin (3) |  |  |  |  | 3.74 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 3.75 | %

(1) | Average balances include non-accrual loans. The income on such loans is included in interest but is recognized only upon receipt. Loan fees, net of amortization of deferred loan origination fees and costs, included in interest income are approximately $1.0 million and $0.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 respectively.

(2) | Non-taxable income is presented on a fully tax-equivalent basis using a 24.7% and 38.0% tax rate in 2018 and 2017, respectively. The tax-equivalent adjustments were $0.2 million and $0.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

(3) | A non-GAAP measure. A reconciliation has been included in this MD&A section under the caption "Use of Non-GAAP Financial measures."

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| Nine months ended September 30,
| 2018 |  | 2017
(in thousands) | Average Balance |  | Interest Income/Expense |  | Average Yield/ Rate |  | Average Balance |  | Interest Income/Expense |  | Average Yield/ Rate
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Taxable portfolio loans (1) | $ | 4,144,319 |  |  | $ | 154,760 |  |  | 4.99 | % |  | $ | 3,713,188 |  |  | $ | 127,046 |  |  | 4.57 | %
Tax-exempt portfolio loans (2) | 35,561 |  |  | 1,446 |  |  | 5.44 |  |  | 41,703 |  |  | 1,998 |  |  | 6.41 |
Non-core acquired loans - contractual | 25,705 |  |  | 1,342 |  |  | 6.98 |  |  | 37,043 |  |  | 1,753 |  |  | 6.33 |
Non-core acquired loans - incremental accretion |  |  | 1,592 |  |  | 8.28 |  |  |  |  | 5,215 |  |  | 18.82 |
Total loans | 4,205,585 |  |  | 159,140 |  |  | 5.06 |  |  | 3,791,934 |  |  | 136,012 |  |  | 4.80 |
Taxable investments in debt and equity securities | 705,894 |  |  | 13,426 |  |  | 2.54 |  |  | 624,126 |  |  | 10,976 |  |  | 2.35 |
Non-taxable investments in debt and equity securities (2) | 40,576 |  |  | 1,084 |  |  | 3.57 |  |  | 48,165 |  |  | 1,588 |  |  | 4.41 |
Short-term investments | 63,416 |  |  | 777 |  |  | 1.64 |  |  | 75,125 |  |  | 537 |  |  | 0.96 |
Total securities and short-term investments | 809,886 |  |  | 15,287 |  |  | 2.52 |  |  | 747,416 |  |  | 13,101 |  |  | 2.34 |
Total interest-earning assets | 5,015,471 |  |  | 174,427 |  |  | 4.65 |  |  | 4,539,350 |  |  | 149,113 |  |  | 4.39 |
Noninterest-earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and due from banks | 88,763 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 76,086 |  |  |  |  |
Other assets | 349,827 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 325,808 |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for loan losses | (44,657 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | (43,901 | ) |  |  |  |
Total assets | $ | 5,409,404 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 4,897,343 |  |  |  |  |
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing transaction accounts | $ | 814,679 |  |  | $ | 2,422 |  |  | 0.40 | % |  | $ | 786,945 |  |  | $ | 1,721 |  |  | 0.29 | %
Money market accounts | 1,470,177 |  |  | 13,221 |  |  | 1.20 |  |  | 1,272,939 |  |  | 5,841 |  |  | 0.61 |
Savings | 206,213 |  |  | 429 |  |  | 0.28 |  |  | 185,218 |  |  | 332 |  |  | 0.24 |
Certificates of deposit | 638,889 |  |  | 7,115 |  |  | 1.49 |  |  | 576,906 |  |  | 4,081 |  |  | 0.95 |
Total interest-bearing deposits | 3,129,958 |  |  | 23,187 |  |  | 0.99 |  |  | 2,822,008 |  |  | 11,975 |  |  | 0.57 |
Subordinated debentures | 118,123 |  |  | 4,305 |  |  | 4.87 |  |  | 116,239 |  |  | 3,768 |  |  | 4.33 |
FHLB advances | 302,937 |  |  | 4,435 |  |  | 1.96 |  |  | 192,662 |  |  | 1,684 |  |  | 1.17 |
Other borrowed funds | 178,245 |  |  | 561 |  |  | 0.42 |  |  | 228,514 |  |  | 423 |  |  | 0.25 |
Total interest-bearing liabilities | 3,729,263 |  |  | 32,488 |  |  | 1.16 |  |  | 3,359,423 |  |  | 17,850 |  |  | 0.71 |
Noninterest bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Demand deposits | 1,073,903 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 982,788 |  |  |  |  |
Other liabilities | 36,323 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 30,809 |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities | 4,839,489 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,373,020 |  |  |  |  |
Shareholders' equity | 569,915 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 524,323 |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities & shareholders' equity | $ | 5,409,404 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 4,897,343 |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income |  |  | $ | 141,939 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 131,263 |  |  |
Net interest spread |  |  |  |  | 3.49 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 3.68 | %
Net interest margin |  |  |  |  | 3.78 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 3.87 | %
Core net interest margin (3) |  |  |  |  | 3.74 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 3.71 | %

(1) | Average balances include non-accrual loans. The income on such loans is included in interest but is recognized only upon receipt. Loan fees, net of amortization of deferred loan origination fees and costs, included in interest income are approximately $2.9 million and $2.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 respectively.

(2) | Non-taxable income is presented on a fully tax-equivalent basis using a 24.7% and 38.0% tax rate in 2018 and 2017, respectively. The tax-equivalent adjustments were $0.6 million and $1.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

(3) | A non-GAAP measure. A reconciliation has been included in this MD&A section under the caption "Use of Non-GAAP Financial measures."

32

Rate/Volume
The following table sets forth, on a tax-equivalent basis for the periods indicated, a summary of the changes in interest income and interest expense resulting from changes in yield/rates and volume.

| 2018 compared to 2017
| Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
| Increase (decrease) due to |  | Increase (decrease) due to
(in thousands) | Volume(1) |  | Rate(2) |  | Net |  | Volume(1) |  | Rate(2) |  | Net
Interest earned on: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Taxable portfolio loans | $ | 4,067 |  |  | $ | 4,493 |  |  | $ | 8,560 |  |  | $ | 15,506 |  |  | $ | 12,208 |  |  | $ | 27,714 |
Tax-exempt portfolio loans (3) | (58 | ) |  | (82 | ) |  | (140 | ) |  | (272 | ) |  | (280 | ) |  | (552 | )
Non-core acquired loans | (664 | ) |  | (511 | ) |  | (1,175 | ) |  | (1,766 | ) |  | (2,268 | ) |  | (4,034 | )
Taxable investments in debt and equity securities | 306 |  |  | 518 |  |  | 824 |  |  | 1,510 |  |  | 940 |  |  | 2,450 |
Non-taxable investments in debt and equity securities (3) | (43 | ) |  | (83 | ) |  | (126 | ) |  | (229 | ) |  | (275 | ) |  | (504 | )
Short-term investments | 9 |  |  | 124 |  |  | 133 |  |  | (95 | ) |  | 335 |  |  | 240 |
Total interest-earning assets | $ | 3,617 |  |  | $ | 4,459 |  |  | $ | 8,076 |  |  | $ | 14,654 |  |  | $ | 10,660 |  |  | $ | 25,314 |
Interest paid on: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing transaction accounts | $ | (32 | ) |  | $ | 308 |  |  | $ | 276 |  |  | $ | 63 |  |  | $ | 638 |  |  | $ | 701 |
Money market accounts | 441 |  |  | 2,572 |  |  | 3,013 |  |  | 1,026 |  |  | 6,354 |  |  | 7,380 |
Savings | 5 |  |  | 27 |  |  | 32 |  |  | 41 |  |  | 56 |  |  | 97 |
Certificates of deposit | 285 |  |  | 1,100 |  |  | 1,385 |  |  | 478 |  |  | 2,556 |  |  | 3,034 |
Subordinated debentures | 1 |  |  | 166 |  |  | 167 |  |  | 62 |  |  | 475 |  |  | 537 |
FHLB advances | 240 |  |  | 657 |  |  | 897 |  |  | 1,262 |  |  | 1,489 |  |  | 2,751 |
Borrowed funds | (38 | ) |  | 89 |  |  | 51 |  |  | (109 | ) |  | 247 |  |  | 138 |
Total interest-bearing liabilities | 902 |  |  | 4,919 |  |  | 5,821 |  |  | 2,823 |  |  | 11,815 |  |  | 14,638 |
Net interest income | $ | 2,715 |  |  | $ | (460 | ) |  | $ | 2,255 |  |  | $ | 11,831 |  |  | $ | (1,155 | ) |  | $ | 10,676 |

(1) Change in volume multiplied by yield/rate of prior period.
(2) Change in yield/rate multiplied by volume of prior period.
(3) Nontaxable income is presented on a fully-tax equivalent basis using the combined statutory federal and state income tax rate in effect for each tax year.
NOTE: The change in interest due to both rate and volume has been allocated to rate and volume changes in proportion to the relationship of the absolute dollar amounts of the change in each.
Net interest income (on a tax equivalent basis) was $48.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, compared to $46.0 million for the same period of 2017, an increase of $2.3 million, or 5%. The tax-equivalent net interest margin was 3.78% for the third quarter of 2018, compared to 3.88% in the third quarter of 2017. Portfolio loan growth and higher rates supported the $8.1 million increase in interest income over the prior year period. The yield on taxable portfolio loans increased 44 basis points from the prior year period to 5.11% for the three months ended September 30, 2018, due to increasing interest rates on the existing variable-rate loan portfolio and higher rates on newly originated loans. The run-off of higher yielding non-core acquired loans continues to negatively impact net interest margin and resulted in a $1.2 million decrease in interest income for the three months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the prior year period.
Net interest income (on a tax equivalent basis) was $141.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to $131.3 million for the same period of 2017, an increase of $10.7 million, or 8%. The tax-equivalent net interest margin was 3.78% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to 3.87% for the prior year period. The decrease in net interest margin was primarily due to a decline in contributions from non-core acquired
33

assets. The increase in net interest income was primarily due to increasing interest rates on the existing variable-rate loan portfolio and higher rates on newly originated loans.
Core net interest margin 1 expanded three basis points from the prior year to 3.74% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, primarily due to loan growth improving the earning asset mix, combined with an increased yield on portfolio loans out-pacing the increase to borrowing costs. The increase in the interest rate paid on deposits reflects market interest rate trends, as the Company continues to defend and attract new core deposit relationships. The Company continues to manage its balance sheet to grow core net interest income and expects to maintain core net interest margin over the coming quarters as growth in loan yields balance rising deposit prices. However, pressure on funding costs could hinder the expected trends in core net interest margin.
Non-Core Acquired Assets Contribution
The following table illustrates the non-core contribution of non-core acquired loans and related assets for the periods indicated.

| For the Three Months ended |  | For the Nine Months ended
(in thousands) | September 30, 2018 |  | September 30, 2017 |  | September 30, 2018 |  | September 30, 2017
Accelerated cash flows and other incremental accretion | $ | 535 |  |  | $ | 1,556 |  |  | $ | 1,592 |  |  | $ | 5,215 |
Provision reversal for non-core acquired loan losses | 69 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,064 |  |  | 355 |
Other income | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,038 |  |  | — |
Less: Other expenses (credits) | 12 |  |  | 19 |  |  | (203 | ) |  | 126 |
Non-core acquired assets income before income tax expense | $ | 599 |  |  | $ | 1,537 |  |  | $ | 4,897 |  |  | $ | 5,444 |

Accelerated cash flows and other incremental accretion consists of the interest income on non-core acquired loans in excess of contractual interest on the loans. The contractual amount of interest is included in the Company's core results. At September 30, 2018, the remaining accretable yield on the remaining non-core acquired portfolio was estimated to be $9 million and the non-accretable difference was approximately $10 million. Accelerated cash flows and other incremental accretion from these loans was $1.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, and $5.2 million for the same period in 2017. The Company estimates income from accelerated cash flows and other incremental accretion to be between $2 million and $3 million in total for 2018 and 2019.
1 A non-GAAP measure. A reconciliation has been included in this MD&A section under the caption "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures."
34

Noninterest Income
The following table presents a comparative summary of the major components of noninterest income for the periods indicated.

| Three months ended September 30,
(in thousands) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | Increase (decrease)
Service charges on deposit accounts | $ | 2,997 |  |  | $ | 2,820 |  |  | $ | 177 |  |  | 6 | %
Wealth management revenue | 2,012 |  |  | 2,062 |  |  | (50 | ) |  | (2 | )%
Card services revenue | 1,760 |  |  | 1,459 |  |  | 301 |  |  | 21 | %
Gain on state tax credits, net | 192 |  |  | 77 |  |  | 115 |  |  | 149 | %
Gain on sale of other real estate - core | 13 |  |  | — |  |  | 13 |  |  | — | %
Miscellaneous income - core | 1,429 |  |  | 1,932 |  |  | (503 | ) |  | (26 | )%
Core noninterest income (1) | 8,403 |  |  | 8,350 |  |  | 53 |  |  | 1 | %
Gain on sale of investment securities | — |  |  | 22 |  |  | (22 | ) |  | (100 | )%
Other income from non-core acquired assets | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | NM |
Total noninterest income | $ | 8,410 |  |  | $ | 8,372 |  |  | $ | 38 |  |  | — | %
(1) A non-GAAP measure. A reconciliation has been included in this MD&A section under the caption "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures."

| Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | Increase (decrease)
Service charges on deposit accounts | $ | 8,855 |  |  | $ | 8,146 |  |  | $ | 709 |  |  | 9 | %
Wealth management revenue | 6,267 |  |  | 5,949 |  |  | 318 |  |  | 5 | %
Card services revenue | 4,926 |  |  | 3,888 |  |  | 1,038 |  |  | 27 | %
Gain on state tax credits, net | 508 |  |  | 332 |  |  | 176 |  |  | 53 | %
Gain on sale of other real estate | 13 |  |  | 17 |  |  | (4 | ) |  | (24 | )%
Miscellaneous income - core | 5,380 |  |  | 4,928 |  |  | 452 |  |  | 9 | %
Core noninterest income (1) | 25,949 |  |  | 23,260 |  |  | 2,689 |  |  | 12 | %
Gain on sale of investment securities | 9 |  |  | 22 |  |  | (13 | ) |  | (59 | )%
Other income from non-core acquired assets | 1,038 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,038 |  |  | NM |
Other | 649 |  |  | — |  |  | 649 |  |  | NM |
Total noninterest income | $ | 27,645 |  |  | $ | 23,282 |  |  | $ | 4,363 |  |  | 19 | %
(1) A non-GAAP measure. A reconciliation has been included in this MD&A section under the caption "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures."

Noninterest income increased $4.4 million, or 19% in the first nine months of 2018 compared to the first nine months of 2017. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company received a gain of $0.6 million from the sale of an equity partnership, and a $1.0 million gain from non-core acquired assets. Core noninterest income 1 grew 12% in the first nine months of 2018. The improvement over the prior year period was primarily due to increases on deposit service charges and card services along with death benefit proceeds on an insurance policy.
The Company expects growth in core fee income of a high single digit percentage for 2019 over 2018 levels.
35

Noninterest Expense
The following table presents a comparative summary of the major components of noninterest expense for the periods indicated.

| Three months ended September 30,
(in thousands) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | Increase (decrease)
Core expenses (1): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Employee compensation and benefits | $ | 16,297 |  |  | $ | 15,090 |  |  | $ | 1,207 |  |  | 8 | %
Occupancy | 2,394 |  |  | 2,434 |  |  | (40 | ) |  | (2 | )%
Data processing | 1,634 |  |  | 1,389 |  |  | 245 |  |  | 18 | %
FDIC and other insurance | 845 |  |  | 731 |  |  | 114 |  |  | 16 | %
Professional fees | 1,023 |  |  | 920 |  |  | 103 |  |  | 11 | %
Loan, legal and other real estate expense | 310 |  |  | 567 |  |  | (257 | ) |  | (45 | )%
Other | 6,725 |  |  | 5,939 |  |  | 786 |  |  | 13 | %
Core noninterest expense (1) | 29,228 |  |  | 27,070 |  |  | 2,158 |  |  | 8 | %
Merger related expenses | — |  |  | 315 |  |  | (315 | ) |  | (100 | )%
Other non-core | 682 |  |  | — |  |  | 682 |  |  | — | %
Other expenses related to non-core acquired loans | 12 |  |  | 19 |  |  | (7 | ) |  | (37 | )%
Total noninterest expense | $ | 29,922 |  |  | $ | 27,404 |  |  | $ | 2,518 |  |  | 9 | %
(1) A non-GAAP measure. A reconciliation has been included in this MD&A section under the caption "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures."

| Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | Increase (decrease)
Core expenses (1): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Employee compensation and benefits | $ | 49,370 |  |  | $ | 46,096 |  |  | $ | 3,274 |  |  | 7 | %
Occupancy | 7,142 |  |  | 6,628 |  |  | 514 |  |  | 8 | %
Data processing | 4,634 |  |  | 4,828 |  |  | (194 | ) |  | (4 | )%
FDIC and other insurance | 2,682 |  |  | 2,356 |  |  | 326 |  |  | 14 | %
Professional fees | 2,619 |  |  | 2,833 |  |  | (214 | ) |  | (8 | )%
Loan, legal and other real estate expense | 800 |  |  | 1,418 |  |  | (618 | ) |  | (44 | )%
Other | 20,319 |  |  | 15,655 |  |  | 4,664 |  |  | 30 | %
Core noninterest expense (1) | 87,566 |  |  | 79,814 |  |  | 7,752 |  |  | 10 | %
Merger related expenses | — |  |  | 6,462 |  |  | (6,462 | ) |  | (100 | )%
Other non-core | 921 |  |  | 389 |  |  | 532 |  |  | 137 | %
Other expenses related to non-core acquired loans | (203 | ) |  | 126 |  |  | (329 | ) |  | (261 | )%
Total noninterest expense | $ | 88,284 |  |  | $ | 86,791 |  |  | $ | 1,493 |  |  | 2 | %
(1) A non-GAAP measure. A reconciliation has been included in this MD&A section under the caption "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures."

Noninterest expense was $88.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to $86.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The current year period includes a $0.7 million non-recurring excise tax expense which was offset by lower income tax expenses discussed below. Noninterest expenses for the 2017 period included $6.5 million of merger related expenses. Core noninterest expenses 1 increased $7.8 million to $87.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, from $79.8 million for the prior year period. Core expenses 1 increased over the prior year period due to increases in employee compensation and benefits from investments in revenue producing personnel and $2.0 million of tax credit amortization.
36

The Company's core efficiency ratio 1 improved to 52.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to 54.0% for the prior year period, and reflects continuing efforts to leverage its expense base. The Company expects to continue to invest in revenue producing associates and other infrastructure that supports additional growth. These investments are expected to result in expense growth, at a rate of 35% - 45% of projected revenue growth for 2019, resulting in continued improvements to the Company's efficiency ratio.
Income Taxes
The Company's income tax expense for the three months ended September 30, 2018, which includes both federal and state taxes, was $1.8 million compared to $7.9 million for the same period in 2017. During the current quarter, the Company finalized its 2017 corporate income tax returns. Tax planning activities associated with the excise tax discussed above, reduced income tax expense by $2.7 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, income tax expense totaled $10.5 million compared to $18.5 million for the prior year period.
The Company's effective tax rate was 13.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to 31.3% for the same period in 2017 due to the impact of federal income tax reform, which includes finalizing the Company's 2017 tax returns.
The Company expects its effective tax rate for the remainder of 2018 and 2019 to be approximately 18% - 20%.
Summary Balance Sheet

(in thousands) | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017 |  | Increase (decrease)
Total cash and cash equivalents | $ | 156,065 |  |  | $ | 153,323 |  |  | $ | 2,742 |  | 1.8 | %
Securities | 737,459 |  |  | 715,131 |  |  | 22,328 |  | 3.1 | %
Portfolio loans | 4,249,758 |  |  | 4,066,659 |  |  | 183,099 |  | 4.5 | %
Non-core acquired loans | 17,672 |  |  | 30,391 |  |  | (12,719 | ) | (41.9 | )%
Total assets | 5,517,539 |  |  | 5,289,225 |  |  | 228,314 |  | 4.3 | %
Deposits | 4,210,476 |  |  | 4,156,414 |  |  | 54,062 |  | 1.3 | %
Total liabilities | 4,930,702 |  |  | 4,740,652 |  |  | 190,050 |  | 4.0 | %
Total shareholders' equity | 586,837 |  |  | 548,573 |  |  | 38,264 |  | 7.0 | %

Assets
Loans by Type
The Company has a diversified loan portfolio, with no particular concentration of credit in any one economic sector; however, a substantial portion of the portfolio, including the C&I category, is secured by real estate. The ability of the Company's borrowers to honor their contractual obligations is partially dependent upon the local economy and its effect on the real estate market.
37

The following table summarizes the composition of the Company's loan portfolio:

(in thousands) | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017 |  | Increase (decrease)
Commercial and industrial | $ | 2,033,278 |  |  | $ | 1,919,145 |  |  | $ | 114,133 |  |  | 5.9 | %
Commercial real estate - investor owned | 846,607 |  |  | 769,275 |  |  | 77,332 |  |  | 10.1 | %
Commercial real estate - owner occupied | 596,481 |  |  | 554,589 |  |  | 41,892 |  |  | 7.6 | %
Construction and land development | 329,288 |  |  | 345,209 |  |  | (15,921 | ) |  | (4.6 | )%
Residential real estate | 309,414 |  |  | 342,518 |  |  | (33,104 | ) |  | (9.7 | )%
Consumer and other | 134,690 |  |  | 135,923 |  |  | (1,233 | ) |  | (0.9 | )%
Portfolio loans | 4,249,758 |  |  | 4,066,659 |  |  | 183,099 |  |  | 4.5 | %
Non-core acquired loans | 17,672 |  |  | 30,391 |  |  | (12,719 | ) |  | (41.9 | )%
Total loans | $ | 4,267,430 |  |  | $ | 4,097,050 |  |  | $ | 170,380 |  |  | 4.2 | %

Portfolio loa ns grew by $183.1 million to $4.2 billion at September 30, 2018, when compared to December 31, 2017. Non-core acquired loans totaled $17.7 million at September 30, 2018, a decrease of $12.7 million, or 42%, from December 31, 2017, primarily as a result of principal paydowns and accelerated loan payoffs.
The following table illustrates portfolio loan growth with selected specialized lending detail:

| At the quarter ended
(in thousands) | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017 |  | Increase (decrease)
C&I - general | $ | 967,525 |  |  | $ | 936,588 |  |  | $ | 30,937 |  |  | 3.3 | %
CRE investor owned - general | 841,309 |  |  | 801,156 |  |  | 40,153 |  |  | 5.0 | %
CRE owner occupied - general | 480,106 |  |  | 468,151 |  |  | 11,955 |  |  | 2.6 | %
Enterprise value lending 1 | 442,439 |  |  | 407,644 |  |  | 34,795 |  |  | 8.5 | %
Life insurance premium financing 1 | 378,826 |  |  | 364,876 |  |  | 13,950 |  |  | 3.8 | %
Residential real estate - general | 309,053 |  |  | 342,140 |  |  | (33,087 | ) |  | (9.7 | )%
Construction and land development - general | 309,879 |  |  | 294,123 |  |  | 15,756 |  |  | 5.4 | %
Tax credits 1 | 256,666 |  |  | 234,835 |  |  | 21,831 |  |  | 9.3 | %
Agriculture 1 | 137,761 |  |  | 91,031 |  |  | 46,730 |  |  | 51.3 | %
Consumer and other - general | 126,194 |  |  | 126,115 |  |  | 79 |  |  | 0.1 | %
Portfolio loans | $ | 4,249,758 |  |  | $ | 4,066,659 |  |  | $ | 183,099 |  |  | 4.5 | %
Note: Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified among the categories to conform to the current period presentation.
1 Specialized categories may include a mix of C&I, CRE, construction and land development, or consumer and other loans.

Specialized lending products, especially Enterprise value lending, life insurance premium financing, and tax credits, consist of primarily C&I loans, and have contributed significantly to the Company's loan growth. These loans are sourced through relationships developed with estate planning firms and private equity funds, and are not bound geographically by our traditional three markets. These specialized loan products offer opportunities to expand and diversify geographically by entering into new markets. The Company continues to focus on originating high-quality C&I relationships as they typically have variable interest rates and allow for cross selling opportunities involving other banking products. C&I loans increased $114 million during the first nine months of 2018 and represented 48% of the Company's loan portfolio at September 30, 2018. We expect continued total portfolio loan growth in 2018 and 2019 to be a high single digit percentage.
38

Provision and Allowance for Loan Losses
The following table summarizes changes in the allowance for loan losses arising from loans charged off and recoveries on loans previously charged off, by loan category, and additions to the allowance charged to expense.

| Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Allowance at beginning of period, for portfolio loans | $ | 42,007 |  |  | $ | 36,673 |  |  | $ | 38,166 |  |  | $ | 37,565 |
Loans charged off: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial | (2,405 | ) |  | (613 | ) |  | (4,093 | ) |  | (6,781 | )
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | (22 | ) |  | (45 | ) |  | (22 | ) |  | (90 | )
Construction and land development | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5 | )
Residential | (122 | ) |  | (503 | ) |  | (414 | ) |  | (777 | )
Consumer and other | (46 | ) |  | (75 | ) |  | (128 | ) |  | (143 | )
Total loans charged off | (2,595 | ) |  | (1,236 | ) |  | (4,657 | ) |  | (7,796 | )
Recoveries of loans previously charged off: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial | 2 |  |  | 205 |  |  | 1,076 |  |  | 342 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | 12 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 219 |
Construction and land development | 21 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 395 |  |  | 83 |
Residential | 88 |  |  | 172 |  |  | 220 |  |  | 259 |
Consumer and other | 25 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 67 |  |  | 42 |
Total recoveries of loans | 148 |  |  | 433 |  |  | 1,795 |  |  | 945 |
Net loan charge-offs | (2,447 | ) |  | (803 | ) |  | (2,862 | ) |  | (6,851 | )
Provision for loan losses | 2,332 |  |  | 2,422 |  |  | 6,588 |  |  | 7,578 |
Allowance at end of period, for portfolio loans (1) | $ | 41,892 |  |  | $ | 38,292 |  |  | $ | 41,892 |  |  | $ | 38,292 |
Allowance at beginning of period, for purchased credit impaired loans | $ | 2,363 |  |  | $ | 5,126 |  |  | $ | 4,411 |  |  | $ | 5,844 |
Loans charged off | — |  |  | (175 | ) |  | — |  |  | (223 | )
Recoveries of loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other | — |  |  | (52 | ) |  | (53 | ) |  | (367 | )
Net loan charge-offs | — |  |  | (227 | ) |  | (53 | ) |  | (590 | )
Provision reversal for purchased credit impaired loan losses | (69 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2,064 | ) |  | (355 | )
Allowance at end of period, for purchased credit impaired loans | $ | 2,294 |  |  | $ | 4,899 |  |  | $ | 2,294 |  |  | $ | 4,899 |
Total allowance at end of period | $ | 44,186 |  |  | $ | 43,191 |  |  | $ | 44,186 |  |  | $ | 43,191 |
Portfolio loans, average | $ | 4,230,090 |  |  | $ | 3,904,636 |  |  | $ | 4,178,900 |  |  | $ | 3,754,891 |
Portfolio loans, ending (1) | 4,218,341 |  |  | 3,948,676 |  |  | 4,218,341 |  |  | 3,948,676 |
Net charge-offs to average portfolio loans (1) | 0.23 | % |  | 0.08 | % |  | 0.09 | % |  | 0.24 | %
Allowance for portfolio loan losses to loans (1) | 0.99 | % |  | 0.97 | % |  | 0.99 | % |  | 0.97 | %
(1) Excludes PCI loans.

The provision for loan losses on portfolio loans for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was $6.6 million, compared to $7.6 million for same period in 2017. The provision is reflective of growth in portfolio loan balances, and maintaining a prudent credit risk posture.
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The allowance for loan losses on portfolio loans was 0.99% of portfolio loans at September 30, 2018, compared to 0.97% at September 30, 2017. Management believes the allowance for loan losses is adequate to absorb inherent losses in the loan portfolio.
Nonperforming assets
The following table presents the categories of nonperforming assets and other ratios as of the dates indicated.

(in thousands) | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017 |  | September 30, 2017
Non-accrual loans | $ | 14,935 |  |  | $ | 14,968 |  |  | $ | 8,264 |
Loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest | 1,289 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Restructured loans | 820 |  |  | 719 |  |  | 721 |
Total nonperforming loans (1) | 17,044 |  |  | 15,687 |  |  | 8,985 |
Other real estate | 408 |  |  | 498 |  |  | 491 |
Total nonperforming assets (1) | $ | 17,452 |  |  | $ | 16,185 |  |  | $ | 9,476 |
Total assets | $ | 5,517,539 |  |  | $ | 5,289,225 |  |  | $ | 5,231,488 |
Portfolio loans (1) | 4,218,341 |  |  | 4,022,896 |  |  | 3,948,676 |
Portfolio loans plus other real estate (1) | 4,218,749 |  |  | 4,023,394 |  |  | 3,949,167 |
Nonperforming loans to portfolio loans (1) | 0.40 | % |  | 0.39 | % |  | 0.23 | %
Nonperforming assets to total loans plus other real estate (1) | 0.41 |  |  | 0.40 |  |  | 0.24 |
Nonperforming assets to total assets (1) | 0.32 |  |  | 0.31 |  |  | 0.18 |
Allowance for loans to nonperforming loans (1) | 246 | % |  | 243 | % |  | 426 | %
(1) Excludes PCI loans, except for their inclusion in total assets.

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Nonperforming loans
Nonperforming loans exclude PCI loans that are accounted for on a pool basis as the pools are considered to be performing. See Item 1, Note 4 – Loans for more information on these loans.
Nonperforming loans based on loan type were as follows:

(in thousands) | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017 |  | September 30, 2017
Commercial and industrial | $ | 12,197 |  |  | $ | 12,665 |  |  | $ | 7,451 |
Commercial real estate | 2,058 |  |  | 909 |  |  | 544 |
Construction and land development | — |  |  | 136 |  |  | 322 |
Residential real estate | 2,477 |  |  | 1,602 |  |  | — |
Consumer and other | 312 |  |  | 375 |  |  | 668 |
Total | $ | 17,044 |  |  | $ | 15,687 |  |  | $ | 8,985 |

The following table summarizes the changes in nonperforming loans:

| Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands) | 2018 |  | 2017
Nonperforming loans beginning of period | $ | 15,687 |  |  | $ | 14,905 |
Additions to nonaccrual loans | 6,966 |  |  | 8,680 |
Additions to restructured loans | 274 |  |  | 676 |
Charge-offs | (4,546 | ) |  | (7,678 | )
Other principal reductions | (2,426 | ) |  | (7,315 | )
Moved to other real estate | (200 | ) |  | (283 | )
Loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest | 1,289 |  |  | — |
Nonperforming loans end of period | $ | 17,044 |  |  | $ | 8,985 |

Other real estate
Other real estate was $0.4 million at September 30, 2018 compared to $0.5 million at September 30, 2017.
The following table summarizes the changes in other real estate:

| Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands) | 2018 |  | 2017
Other real estate beginning of period | $ | 498 |  |  | $ | 980 |
Additions and expenses capitalized to prepare property for sale | 408 |  |  | 383 |
Additions from acquisition | — |  |  | 1,680 |
Writedowns in value | (44 | ) |  | (56 | )
Sales | (454 | ) |  | (2,496 | )
Other real estate end of period | $ | 408 |  |  | $ | 491 |

Writedowns in fair value are recorded in loan legal and other real estate expense based on current market activity shown in the appraisals.
Liabilities
Liabilities totaled $4.9 billion at September 30, 2018, compared to $4.7 billion at December 31, 2017. The increase in liabilities was due to $54 million of growth in total deposits and a $228 million increase in Federal Home Loan Bank advances, partially offset by a decrease of $92 million in other borrowings.
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Deposits

(in thousands) | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017 |  | Increase (decrease)
Demand deposits | $ | 1,062,126 |  |  | $ | 1,123,907 |  |  | $ | (61,781 | ) |  | (5.5 | )%
Interest-bearing transaction accounts | 743,351 |  |  | 915,653 |  |  | (172,302 | ) |  | (18.8 | )%
Money market accounts | 1,523,416 |  |  | 1,342,931 |  |  | 180,485 |  |  | 13.4 | %
Savings | 207,346 |  |  | 195,150 |  |  | 12,196 |  |  | 6.2 | %
Certificates of deposit: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Brokered | 202,323 |  |  | 115,306 |  |  | 87,017 |  |  | 75.5 | %
Other | 471,914 |  |  | 463,467 |  |  | 8,447 |  |  | 1.8 | %
Total deposits | $ | 4,210,476 |  |  | $ | 4,156,414 |  |  | $ | 54,062 |  |  | 1.3 | %
Non-time deposits / total deposits | 84 | % |  | 86 | % |  |  |  |
Demand deposits / total deposits | 25 | % |  | 27 | % |  |  |  |

Total deposits at September 30, 2018 were $4.2 billion, an increase of 1%, from December 31, 2017, primarily from increases in money market accounts and brokered certificates of deposit. The composition of our noninterest bearing deposits remained relatively stable at 25% of total deposits at September 30, 2018 compared to 27% at December 31, 2017.
Shareholders' Equity
Shareholders' equity totaled $586.8 million at September 30, 2018, an increase of $38.3 million from December 31, 2017. Significant activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was as follows:

• | Net income of $65.7 million,

• | decrease in fair value of securities of $12.0 million,

• | issuance under equity compensation plans of $3.3 million,

• | dividends paid on common shares of $7.9 million, and

• | repurchase of 135,922 shares at an average price of $50.32 per share, or approximately $6.8 million in the aggregate, pursuant to the publicly announced program.

Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity
The objective of liquidity management is to ensure we have the ability to generate sufficient cash or cash equivalents in a timely and cost-effective manner to meet our commitments as they become due. Typical demands on liquidity are run-off from demand deposits, maturing time deposits which are not renewed, and fundings under credit commitments to customers. Funds are available from a number of sources, such as from the core deposit base and from loans and securities repayments and maturities.
Additionally, liquidity is provided from sales of the securities portfolio, fed fund lines with correspondent banks, borrowings from the Federal Reserve and the FHLB, the ability to acquire large and brokered deposits, and the ability to sell loan participations to other banks. These alternatives are an important part of our liquidity plan and provide flexibility and efficient execution of the asset-liability management strategy.
The Bank's Asset-Liability Management Committee oversees our liquidity position, the parameters of which are approved by the Bank's Board of Directors. Our liquidity position is monitored monthly by producing a liquidity report, which measures the amount of liquid versus non-liquid assets and liabilities. Our liquidity management framework
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includes measurement of several key elements, such as the loan to deposit ratio, a liquidity ratio, and a dependency ratio. The Company's liquidity framework also incorporates contingency planning to assess the nature and volatility of funding sources and to determine alternatives to these sources. While core deposits and loan and investment repayments are principal sources of liquidity, funding diversification is another key element of liquidity management and is achieved by strategically varying depositor types, terms, funding markets, and instruments.
Parent Company liquidity
The parent company's liquidity is managed to provide the funds necessary to pay dividends to shareholders, service debt, invest in subsidiaries as necessary, and satisfy other operating requirements. The parent company's primary funding sources to meet its liquidity requirements are dividends and payments from the Bank and proceeds from the issuance of equity (i.e. stock option exercises, stock offerings). $22.5 million in dividends has been paid to the parent company from the Bank in 2018. Another source of funding for the parent company includes the issuance of subordinated debentures and other debt instruments.
The Company has an effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3 registering up to $100 million of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, and various other securities, including combinations of such securities. The Company's ability to offer securities pursuant to the registration statement depends on market conditions and the Company's continuing eligibility to use the Form S-3 under rules of the SEC.
On November 1, 2016, the Company issued $50 million aggregate principal amount of 4.75% fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes with a maturity date of November 1, 2026, which initially bear an annual interest rate of 4.75%, with interest payable semiannually. Beginning November 1, 2021, the interest rate resets quarterly to the three-month LIBOR rate plus a spread of 338.7 basis points, payable quarterly.
The Company has a senior unsecured revolving credit agreement (the "Revolving Agreement") with another bank allowing for borrowings up to $20 million which is renewed through February 2019. The proceeds can be used for general corporate purposes. The Revolving Agreement is subject to ongoing compliance with a number of customary affirmative and negative covenants as well as specified financial covenants. As of September 30, 2018, there were no outstanding balances under the Revolving Agreement.
As of September 30, 2018, the Company had $69.2 million of outstanding subordinated debentures as part of ten Trust Preferred Securities Pools. These securities are classified as debt but are included in regulatory capital and the related interest expense is tax-deductible, which makes them an attractive source of funding.
Management believes our current level of cash at the holding company of $16.5 million, along with the Company's other available funding sources, will be sufficient to meet all projected cash needs for the remainder of 2018.
Bank liquidity
The Bank has a variety of funding sources available to increase financial flexibility. In addition to amounts currently borrowed, at September 30, 2018, the Bank had borrowing capacity of $266.2 million from the FHLB of Des Moines under blanket loan pledges, and has an additional $1.1 billion available from the Federal Reserve Bank under a pledged loan agreement. The Bank has unsecured federal funds lines with six correspondent banks totaling $95.0 million, and $79.0 million of unsecured credit through the American Financial Exchange.
Investment securities are another important tool to the Bank's liquidity objectives. Total securities available for sale of $670.3 million at September 30, 2018, included $352.4 million of securities that were pledged as collateral for deposits of public institutions, treasury, loan notes, and other requirements. The remaining $317.9 million could be pledged or sold to enhance liquidity, if necessary. In addition, $51.5 million of unpledged held to maturity securities could also be pledged for liquidity purposes.
In the normal course of business, the Bank enters into certain forms of off-balance sheet transactions, including unfunded loan commitments and letters of credit. These transactions are managed through the Bank's various risk management processes. Management considers both on-balance sheet and off-balance sheet transactions in its evaluation of the
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Company's liquidity. The Bank has $1.4 billion in unused commitments as of September 30, 2018. While this commitment level would exhaust the majority of the Company's current liquidity resources, the nature of these commitments is such that the likelihood of funding them in the aggregate at any one time is low.
Capital Resources
The Company and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the Federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possible additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company and its bank affiliate must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The banking affiliate’s capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors.
Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Company and the Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the following table) of total, Tier 1, and common equity tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets, and of Tier 1 capital to average assets. To be categorized as “well capitalized”, banks must maintain minimum total risk-based (10%), Tier 1 risk-based (8%), common equity tier 1 risk-based (6.5%), and Tier 1 leverage ratios (5%). As of September 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, the Company and the Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject.
The Bank continues to exceed regulatory standards and met the definition of “well-capitalized” (the highest category) at September 30, 2018. The Company adopted the Regulatory Capital Framework (Basel III) in 2015, and has implemented the necessary processes and procedures to comply.
The following table summarizes the Bank's various capital ratios at the dates indicated:

(in thousands) | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017 |  | Well Capitalized Minimum %
Total capital to risk-weighted assets | 11.09 | % |  | 10.46 | % |  | 10.00 | %
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets | 12.00 | % |  | 11.36 | % |  | 8.00 | %
Common equity tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets | 11.09 | % |  | 10.46 | % |  | 6.50 | %
Leverage ratio (Tier 1 capital to average assets) | 10.27 | % |  | 9.68 | % |  | 5.00 | %
Tier 1 capital | $ | 548,712 |  |  | $ | 503,312 |  |  |
Total risk-based capital | 593,322 |  |  | 546,314 |  |  |

The following table summarizes the Company's various capital ratios at the dates indicated:

(in thousands) | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017 |  | Well Capitalized Minimum %
Total capital to risk-weighted assets | 12.94 | % |  | 12.21 | % |  | N/A
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets | 11.03 | % |  | 10.29 | % |  | N/A
Common equity tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets | 9.66 | % |  | 8.88 | % |  | N/A
Leverage ratio (Tier 1 capital to average assets) | 10.20 | % |  | 9.72 | % |  | N/A
Tangible common equity to tangible assets 1 | 8.54 | % |  | 8.14 | % |  | N/A
Tier 1 capital | $ | 546,891 |  |  | $ | 496,045 |  |  |
Total risk-based capital | 641,502 |  |  | 589,047 |  |  |
1 Not a required regulatory capital ratio |  |

The Company believes the tangible common equity ratio and the common equity tier 1 capital ratio are important measures of capital strength even though they are considered to be non-GAAP measures. A reconciliation has been included in this MD&A section under the caption "Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures."
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Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures:
The Company's accounting and reporting policies conform to generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”) and the prevailing practices in the banking industry. However, the Company provides other financial measures, such as core net income and net interest margin, and other core performance measures, regulatory capital ratios, and the tangible common equity ratio, in this report that are considered “non-GAAP financial measures.” Generally, a non-GAAP financial measure is a numerical measure of a company's financial performance, financial position, or cash flows that exclude (or include) amounts that are included in (or excluded from) the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP.
The Company considers its core performance measures presented in this report and the included tables as important measures of financial performance, even though they are non-GAAP measures, as they provide supplemental information by which to evaluate the impact of non-core acquired loans and related income and expenses, the impact of certain non-comparable items, and the Company's operating performance on an ongoing basis. Core performance measures include contractual interest on non-core acquired loans, but exclude incremental accretion on these loans. Core performance measures also exclude the gain or loss on sale of other real estate from non-core acquired loans, deferred tax asset revaluation due to U.S. corporate income tax reform, and expenses directly related to non-core acquired loans and other assets formerly covered under FDIC loss share agreements. Core performance measures also exclude certain other income and expense items, such as executive separation costs, merger related expenses, facilities disposal and the gain or loss on sale of investment securities, the Company believes to be not indicative of or useful to measure the Company's operating performance on an ongoing basis. The Company believes that the tangible common equity ratio provides useful information to investors about the Company's capital strength even though it is considered to be a non-GAAP financial measure and is not part of the regulatory capital requirements to which the Company is subject.
The Company believes these non-GAAP measures and ratios, when taken together with the corresponding GAAP measures and ratios, provide meaningful supplemental information regarding the Company's performance and capital strength. The Company's management uses, and believes that investors benefit from referring to, these non-GAAP measures and ratios in assessing the Company's operating results and related trends and when forecasting future periods. However, these non-GAAP measures and ratios should be considered in addition to, and not as a substitute for or preferable to, ratios prepared in accordance with GAAP. In the following tables, the Company has provided a reconciliation of, where applicable, the most comparable GAAP financial measures and ratios to the non-GAAP financial measures and ratios, or a reconciliation of the non-GAAP calculation of the financial measure for the periods indicated.
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Core Performance Measures

| For the Three Months ended |  | For the Nine Months ended
(in thousands) | September 30, 2018 |  | June 30, 2018 |  | September 30, 2017 |  | September 30, 2018 |  | September 30, 2017
Net interest income | $ | 48,093 |  |  | $ | 47,048 |  |  | $ | 45,625 |  |  | $ | 141,312 |  |  | $ | 129,900 |
Less: Incremental accretion income | 535 |  |  | 291 |  |  | 1,556 |  |  | 1,592 |  |  | 5,215 |
Core net interest income | 47,558 |  |  | 46,757 |  |  | 44,069 |  |  | 139,720 |  |  | 124,685 |
Total noninterest income | 8,410 |  |  | 9,693 |  |  | 8,372 |  |  | 27,645 |  |  | 23,282 |
Less: Gain on sale of investment securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | 22 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 22 |
Less: Other income from non-core acquired assets | 7 |  |  | 18 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,038 |  |  | — |
Less: Other non-core income | — |  |  | 649 |  |  | — |  |  | 649 |  |  | — |
Core noninterest income | 8,403 |  |  | 9,026 |  |  | 8,350 |  |  | 25,949 |  |  | 23,260 |
Total core revenue | 55,961 |  |  | 55,783 |  |  | 52,419 |  |  | 165,669 |  |  | 147,945 |
Provision for portfolio loans | 2,332 |  |  | 2,385 |  |  | 2,422 |  |  | 6,588 |  |  | 7,578 |
Total noninterest expense | 29,922 |  |  | 29,219 |  |  | 27,404 |  |  | 88,284 |  |  | 86,791 |
Less: Other expenses related to non-core acquired loans | 12 |  |  | (229 | ) |  | 19 |  |  | (203 | ) |  | 126 |
Less: Merger related expenses | — |  |  | — |  |  | 315 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,462 |
Less: Facilities disposal charge | — |  |  | 239 |  |  | — |  |  | 239 |  |  | 389 |
Less: Non-recurring excise tax 2 | 682 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 682 |  |  | — |
Core noninterest expense | 29,228 |  |  | 29,209 |  |  | 27,070 |  |  | 87,566 |  |  | 79,814 |
Core income before income tax expense | 24,401 |  |  | 24,189 |  |  | 22,927 |  |  | 71,515 |  |  | 60,553 |
Total income tax expense | 1,802 |  |  | 4,881 |  |  | 7,856 |  |  | 10,461 |  |  | 18,507 |
Less: Other non-core income tax expense 1, 2 | (2,570 | ) |  | 736 |  |  | 465 |  |  | (1,396 | ) |  | (129 | )
Core income tax expense | 4,372 |  |  | 4,145 |  |  | 7,391 |  |  | 11,857 |  |  | 18,636 |
Core net income | $ | 20,029 |  |  | $ | 20,044 |  |  | $ | 15,536 |  |  | $ | 59,658 |  |  | $ | 41,917 |
Core diluted earnings per share | $ | 0.86 |  |  | $ | 0.86 |  |  | $ | 0.66 |  |  | $ | 2.56 |  |  | $ | 1.81 |
Core return on average assets | 1.45 | % |  | 1.48 | % |  | 1.21 | % |  | 1.47 | % |  | 1.14 | %
Core return on average common equity | 13.54 | % |  | 14.14 | % |  | 11.13 | % |  | 14.00 | % |  | 10.69 | %
Core return on average tangible common equity | 17.28 | % |  | 18.22 | % |  | 14.50 | % |  | 18.03 | % |  | 13.66 | %
Core efficiency ratio | 52.23 | % |  | 52.36 | % |  | 51.64 | % |  | 52.86 | % |  | 53.95 | %
1 Other non-core income tax expense calculated at 24.7% of non-core pretax income for 2018. For 2017, the calculation is 38.0% of non-core pretax income plus an estimate of taxes payable related to non-deductible JCB acquisition costs.
2 Income tax for the quarter ended September 30, 2018, includes a $2.7 million income tax planning benefit, associated with the excise tax expense, recognized upon finalization of the Company's 2017 tax returns.

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Net Interest Margin to Core Net Interest Margin (fully tax equivalent)

| Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Net interest income | $ | 48,299 |  |  | $ | 46,047 |  |  | $ | 141,939 |  |  | $ | 131,290 |
Less: Incremental accretion income | 535 |  |  | 1,556 |  |  | 1,592 |  |  | 5,215 |
Core net interest income | $ | 47,764 |  |  | $ | 44,491 |  |  | $ | 140,347 |  |  | $ | 126,075 |
Average earning assets | $ | 5,072,573 |  |  | $ | 4,712,672 |  |  | $ | 5,015,471 |  |  | $ | 4,539,350 |
Reported net interest margin | 3.78 | % |  | 3.88 | % |  | 3.78 | % |  | 3.87 | %
Core net interest margin | 3.74 | % |  | 3.75 | % |  | 3.74 | % |  | 3.71 | %

Tangible common equity ratio

(in thousands) | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
Total shareholders' equity | $ | 586,837 |  |  | $ | 548,573 |
Less: Goodwill | 117,345 |  |  | 117,345 |
Less: Intangible assets | 9,148 |  |  | 11,056 |
Tangible common equity | $ | 460,344 |  |  | $ | 420,172 |
Total assets | $ | 5,517,539 |  |  | $ | 5,289,225 |
Less: Goodwill | 117,345 |  |  | 117,345 |
Less: Intangible assets | 9,148 |  |  | 11,056 |
Tangible assets | $ | 5,391,046 |  |  | $ | 5,160,824 |
Tangible common equity to tangible assets | 8.54 | % |  | 8.14 | %

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Regulatory Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets

(in thousands) | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
Total shareholders' equity | $ | 586,837 |  |  | $ | 548,573 |
Less: Goodwill | 117,345 |  |  | 117,345 |
Less: Intangible assets, net of deferred tax liabilities | 6,888 |  |  | 6,661 |
Plus: Unrealized gains (losses) | (16,627 | ) |  | (3,818 | )
Plus: Other | — |  |  | 12 |
Common equity Tier 1 capital | 479,231 |  |  | 428,397 |
Plus: Qualifying trust preferred securities | 67,600 |  |  | 67,600 |
Plus: Other | 60 |  |  | 48 |
Tier 1 capital | 546,891 |  |  | 496,045 |
Plus: Tier 2 capital | 94,611 |  |  | 93,002 |
Total risk-based capital | 641,502 |  |  | 589,047 |
Total risk-weighted assets determined in accordance with prescribed regulatory requirements | $ | 4,958,999 |  |  | $ | 4,822,695 |
Common equity tier 1 to risk-weighted assets | 9.66 | % |  | 8.88 | %
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets | 11.03 | % |  | 10.29 | %
Total risk-based capital to risk-weighted assets | 12.94 | % |  | 12.21 | %

Critical Accounting Policies
The impact and any associated risks related to the Company's critical accounting policies on business operations are described throughout "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," where such policies affect our reported and expected financial results. For a detailed description on the application of these and other accounting policies, see the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.
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ITEM 3: QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
The disclosures set forth in this item are qualified by the section captioned “Safe Harbor Statement Under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995” included in Item 2 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of this report and other cautionary statements set forth elsewhere in this report.
Interest Rate Risk
Our interest rate risk management practices are aimed at optimizing net interest income, while guarding against deterioration that could be caused by certain interest rate scenarios. Interest rate sensitivity varies with different types of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. We attempt to maintain interest-earning assets, comprised primarily of both loans and investments, and interest-bearing liabilities, comprised primarily of deposits, maturing or repricing in similar time horizons in order to minimize or eliminate any impact from market interest rate changes. In order to measure earnings sensitivity to changing rates, the Company uses an earnings simulation model.
The Company determines the sensitivity of its short-term future earnings to a hypothetical plus or minus 100 to 300 basis point parallel rate shock through the use of simulation modeling. The simulation of earnings includes the modeling of the balance sheet as an ongoing entity. Future business assumptions involving administered rate products, prepayments for future rate-sensitive balances, and the reinvestment of maturing assets and liabilities are included. These items are then modeled to project net interest income based on a hypothetical change in interest rates. The resulting net interest income for the next 12-month period is compared to the net interest income amount calculated using flat rates. This difference represents the Company's earnings sensitivity to a plus or minus 100 basis points parallel rate shock.
The following table summarizes the expected impact of interest rate shocks on net interest income (due to the current level of interest rates, the 200 and 300 basis point downward shock scenarios are not shown):

Rate Shock | Annual % change in net interest income
+ 300 bp | 5.2%
+ 200 bp | 3.5%
+ 100 bp | 1.8%
- 100 bp | (2.7)%

In addition to the rate shocks shown in the table above, the Company models net interest income under various dynamic
interest rate scenarios. Therefore, positive changes in rates result in higher levels of net interest income, while scenarios based on declining rates, particularly those involving decreases in long-term rates, result in reduced net interest income.
The Company occasionally uses interest rate derivative financial instruments as an asset/liability management tool to hedge mismatches in interest rate exposure indicated by the net interest income simulation described above. They are used to modify the Company's exposures to interest rate fluctuations and provide more stable spreads between loan yields and the rate on their funding sources.
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ITEM 4: CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and the Chief Financial Officer (CFO), management has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-15, as of September 30, 2018. Disclosure controls and procedures include without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by an issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is accumulated and communicated to the issuer’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Based on that evaluation, the CEO and CFO concluded the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2018 to provide reasonable assurance of the achievement of the objectives described above.
Changes to Internal Controls
There were no changes during the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q in the Company's internal controls over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, those controls.
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1: LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The Company and its subsidiaries are, from time to time, parties to various legal proceedings arising out of their businesses. Management believes there are no such proceedings pending or threatened against the Company or its subsidiaries which, if determined adversely, would have a material adverse effect on the business, consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows of the Company or any of its subsidiaries.
ITEM 1A: RISK FACTORS
For information regarding risk factors affecting the Company, please see the cautionary language regarding forward-looking statements in the introduction to Item 2 of Part I of this Report on Form 10-Q, and Part I, Item 1A of our Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017. There have been no material changes to the risk factors described in such Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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ITEM 2: UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The following table provides information on repurchases by the Company of its common stock, pursuant to its stock repurchase program, in each month of the quarter ended September 30, 2018.

Period | Total number of shares purchased (a) |  | Weighted-average price paid per share |  | Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs |  | Maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs
July 1, 2018 through July 31, 2018 | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,319,412 |
August 1, 2018 through August 31, 2018 | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,319,412 |
September 1, 2018 through September 30, 2018 | 71,007 |  |  | 53.26 |  |  | 71,007 |  |  | 1,248,405 |
Total | 71,007 |  |  | $ | 53.26 |  |  | 71,007 |  |  | 1,248,405 |
(a) In May 2015, the Company’s board of directors authorized the repurchase of up to two million shares of the Company’s common stock. The repurchases may be made in open market or privately negotiated transactions and the stock repurchase program will remain in effect until fully utilized or until modified, superseded or terminated. The timing and exact amount of common stock repurchases will depend on a number of factors including, among others, market and general economic conditions, economic capital and regulatory capital considerations, alternative uses of capital, the potential impact on our credit ratings, and contractual and regulatory limitations.

ITEM 3: DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None
ITEM 4: MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
ITEM 5: OTHER INFORMATION
None
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ITEM 6: EXHIBITS

Exhibit No. | Description

Registrant hereby agrees to furnish to the Commission, upon request, the instruments defining the rights of holders of each issue of long-term debt of Registrant and its consolidated subsidiaries.

2.1 | Agreement and Plan of Merger, among the Company, Enterprise Bank & Trust, Jefferson County Bancshares, Inc. and Eagle Bank and Trust Company of Missouri, dated October 10, 2016 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 11, 2016 (File No. 001-15373)).

3.1 | Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant, (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed on December 16, 1996 (File No. 333-14737)).

3.2 | Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed on July 1, 1999 (File No. 333-82087)).

3.3 | Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ending September 30, 1999 (File No. 001-15373)).

3.4 | Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 30, 2002 (File No. 001-15373)).

3.5 | Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant (incorporated herein by reference to Appendix A to Registrant's Proxy Statement on Form 14-A filed on November 20, 2008 (File No. 001-15373)).

3.6 | Certificate of Designations of Registrant for Fixed Rate Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A, dated December 17, 2008 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 23, 2008 (File No. 001-15373)).

3.7 | Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ending June 30, 2014 (File No. 001-15373)).

3.8 | Amended and Restated Bylaws of Registrant (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 12, 2015 (File No. 001-15373)).

*12.1 | Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges and Preferred Dividends.

*31.1 | Chief Executive Officer's Certification required by Rule 13(a)-14(a).

*31.2 | Chief Financial Officer's Certification required by Rule 13(a)-14(a).

**32.1 | Chief Executive Officer Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to section § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

**32.2 | Chief Financial Officer Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to section § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101 | Pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T, the following financial information from the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2018, is formatted in XBRL interactive data files: (i) Consolidated Balance Sheet at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017; (ii) Consolidated Statement of Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017; (iii) Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017; (iv) Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017; (v) Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017; and (vi) Notes to Financial Statements.

* Filed herewith
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** Furnished herewith. Notwithstanding any incorporation of this Quarterly Statement on Form 10-Q in any other filing by the Registrant, Exhibits furnished herewith and designated with two (**) shall not be deemed incorporated by reference to any other filing unless specifically otherwise set forth herein or therein.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Clayton, State of Missouri on the day of October 26, 2018.

| ENTERPRISE FINANCIAL SERVICES CORP
| By: | /s/ James B. Lally |
|  | James B. Lally |
|  | Chief Executive Officer |
| By: | /s/ Keene S. Turner |
|  | Keene S. Turner |
|  | Chief Financial Officer |

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