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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2020
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Business and Consolidation | Basis of Financial Statement Presentation The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries have been prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Except as disclosed herein, there has been no material change in the information disclosed in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries, all of which are wholly owned. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. In the opinion of management, the consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for the fair presentation of the statements of financial position, results of operations, and cash flow for the interim periods. Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements On January 1, 2020, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13 “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” which replaces the incurred loss methodology with an expected loss methodology commonly referred to as the CECL methodology. The measurement of expected credit losses under the CECL methodology is applicable to financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loan receivables and held-to-maturity debt securities. It also applies to off-balance sheet credit exposures such as loan commitments, standby letters of credit, financial guarantees, and other similar instruments. In addition, this standard made changes to the accounting for available-for-sale debt securities, including the requirement for credit losses to be presented as an allowance rather than as a write-down on available-for-sale debt securities. The Company adopted this standard using the modified retrospective method for all financial assets measured at amortized cost, and off-balance-sheet credit exposures. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2020 are presented under the new standard while prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with previously applicable GAAP. The Company recorded an after-tax decrease to retained earnings of $18.1 million as of January 1, 2020 for the cumulative effect of adopting this standard. The Company adopted this standard using the prospective transition approach for PCD assets that were previously classified as PCI assets. Management did not reassess whether PCI assets met the criteria of PCD assets as of the date of the adoption. The Company elected not to maintain PCI pools for certain loans which are now accounted for individually. Thus they are now included in nonperforming and classified loans. Management did not reassess whether modifications to individual acquired financial assets accounted for in pools were troubled debt restructurings as of the date of adoption. The following table illustrates the impact of adoption:
($ in thousands) | December 31, 2019 |  | Impact of Adoption |  | January 1, 2020 |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |
Loans | $ | 5,314,337 |  |  | $ | 7,091 |  |  | $ | 5,321,428 |
Allowance for credit losses on loans | 43,288 |  |  | 28,387 |  |  | 71,675 |
Allowance for credit losses on held-to-maturity debt securities | — |  |  | 303 |  |  | 303 |
Deferred tax asset | 14,851 |  |  | 5,898 |  |  | 20,749 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |
Reserve for unfunded commitments | 430 |  |  | 2,413 |  |  | 2,843 |
Shareholders’ Equity |  |  |  |  |
Retained Earnings | 380,737 |  |  | (18,114 | ) |  | 362,623 |
The Company also adopted ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement” on January 1, 2020. The Company previously selected the option to adopt the removal or modification of disclosures during the second quarter of 2019. The amendments on changes in unrealized gains and losses, the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements, and the narrative description of measurement uncertainty are applied prospectively for only the most recent interim or annual period presented in the initial fiscal year of adoption. All other amendments are applied retrospectively to all periods presented upon their effective date. The adoption of this update did not have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements. Accounting Standards Issued but not yet Adopted FASB ASU 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting.” In March 2020, the FASB issued “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848)” which provides optional expedients and exceptions for contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. The guidance is effective for contract modifications as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. The Company is currently evaluating the optional expedients and exceptions and has not yet determined the impact this standard may have on its consolidated financial statements. Loans The Company has elected to present the accrued interest receivable balance separate from amortized cost basis, exclude accrued interest receivable balances from the tabular disclosures, and not to estimate an ACL on accrued interest receivable as these amounts are timely written off as a credit loss expense. Accrued interest receivable totaled $16.7 million at March 31, 2020 and was reported in Other Assets on the consolidated balance sheets. PCD Loans The Company has purchased loans, some of which have experienced more than significant credit deterioration since origination. PCD loans are recorded at the amount paid. An ACL is determined using the same methodology as other loans held for investment. The initial ACL determined on a collective basis is allocated to individual loans. The sum of the loan’s purchase price and ACL becomes its initial amortized cost basis. The difference between the initial amortized cost basis and the par value of the loan is a noncredit discount or premium, which is amortized into interest income over the life of the loan. Subsequent changes to the ACL are recorded through provision expense. Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans The ACLL is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected. Loans are charged-off against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of a loan balance is confirmed. Expected recoveries do not exceed the aggregate of amounts previously charged-off and expected to be charged-off. Management estimates the allowance using relevant available information, from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Credit loss experience provides the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses. Adjustments to historical loss information are made for differences in current loan-specific risk characteristics such as differences in underwriting standards, portfolio mix, delinquency level, or term as well as for changes in environmental conditions, such as changes in unemployment rates, property values, or other relevant factors. The ACLL is measured on a collective basis when similar risk characteristics exist. The Company has identified the following portfolio segments: C&I – C&I loans consist of loans to small and medium-sized businesses in a wide variety of industries. These loans are generally collateralized by inventory, accounts receivable, equipment, real estate and other commercial assets, and may be supported by other credit enhancements such as personal guarantees. Risk arises primarily due to a difference between expected and actual cash flows of the borrower. However, the recoverability of these loans is also dependent on other factors primarily dictated by the type of collateral securing these loans. The fair value of the collateral securing these loans may fluctuate as market conditions change. Included within C&I are revolving loans supported by borrowing bases that fluctuate depending on the amount of underlying collateral. A portion of C&I loans consists of enterprise value lending, which are loans with senior debt exposure to private equity backed companies. CRE – CRE loans include various types of loans for which the Company holds real property as collateral. Commercial real estate lending activity is typically restricted to owner-occupied properties or to investor properties that are owned by customers with a current banking relationship. The primary risks of CRE loans include the borrower’s inability to pay, material decreases in the value of the real estate being held as collateral and significant increases in interest rates, which may make the real estate mortgage loan unprofitable. Real estate loans may be more adversely affected by conditions in the real estate markets or in the general economy. Construction and Land Development – The Company originates loans to finance construction projects including one- to four-family residences, multifamily residences, commercial office, and industrial projects. Construction loans are generally collateralized by first liens on the real estate and have floating interest rates. Construction loans are considered to have higher risks due to construction completion and timing risk, and the ultimate repayment being sensitive to interest rate changes, governmental regulation of real property and the availability of long-term financing. Additionally, economic conditions may impact the Company’s ability to recover its investment in construction loans. Adverse economic conditions may negatively impact the real estate market which could affect the borrowers’ ability to complete and sell the project. Additionally, the fair value of the underlying collateral may fluctuate as market conditions change. Residential Real Estate – The Company originates loans to finance one- to four-family residences, secured by both first and second liens. Repayment of these loans is dependent on the borrowers’ ability to pay and the fair value of the underlying collateral. Residential loans with a second lien are inherently riskier due to the junior lien position. Agricultural – Agricultural loans are generally secured with equipment, cattle, crops or other non-real property and at times the underlying real property. Agricultural loans are included as a component of CRE and C&I loans. Consumer – The Company provides a broad range of consumer loans to customers, including personal lines of credit, credit cards and automobile loans. Repayment of these loans is dependent on the borrowers’ ability to pay and the fair value of the underlying collateral. The Company utilizes a DCF method to measure the ACL on loans collectively evaluated that are sub-segmented by credit risk levels. The DCF method incorporates assumptions for probability of default, loss given default, prepayments and curtailments over the contractual term of the loans. In determining the probability of default, the Company utilized a regression analysis to determine certain economic factors that are relevant loss drivers in the portfolio segments based on historical or peer evaluations. National unemployment is a loss driver used in nearly all portfolios, except Consumer. The annual percentage change in gross domestic product is also used in C&I, Construction, Agricultural and Consumer portfolios. The annual percentage change in a commercial real estate index, national house price index and the consumer price index are used in the CRE, Residential Real Estate and Consumer portfolios, respectively. The contractual term excludes expected extensions, renewals, and modifications unless either of the following applies: management has a reasonable expectation at the reporting date that a troubled debt restructuring will be executed with an individual borrower or the extension or renewal options are included in the original or modified contract at the reporting date and are not unconditionally cancellable by the Company. The Company uses a one-year reasonable and supportable forecast that considers baseline, upside and downside economic scenarios. For periods beyond the forecast period, the Company reverts to historical loss rates on a straight-line basis over a six-month period. Loans that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. Loans evaluated individually are not also included in the collective evaluation. When management determines that foreclosure is probable, expected credit losses are based on the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date, adjusted for selling costs as appropriate.
Available-for-sale Securities | Management systematically evaluates investment securities for other-than-temporary declines in fair value on a quarterly basis. This analysis requires management to consider various factors, which include among other considerations (1) the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected compared to the amortized cost of the security, (2) duration and magnitude of the decline in value, (3) the financial condition of the issuer or issuers, (4) structure of the security, and (5) the intent to sell the security or whether it is more likely than not the Company would be required to sell the security before its anticipated recovery in market value. At March 31, 2020, management performed its quarterly analysis of all securities with an unrealized loss and concluded no individual securities were other-than-temporarily impaired.

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