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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)
☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021
or
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from ____________ to ____________
Commission File Number: 001-15373

ENTERPRISE FINANCIAL SERVICES CORP
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Incorporated in the State of Delaware
I.R.S. Employer Identification # 43-1706259
Address: 150 North Meramec Avenue, Clayton, MO 63105
Telephone: (314) 725-5500

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

(Title of each class) |  | (Trading Symbol) |  | (Name of each exchange on which registered)
Common Stock, par value $.01 per share |  | EFSC |  | Nasdaq Global Select Market
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/40th interest in a share of 5.00% Fixed Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A |  | EFSCP |  | Nasdaq Global Select Market

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨ No x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☒ |  | Accelerated filer | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company | ☐
|  |  | Emerging growth company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No x
The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant was approximately $1,535,891,000 based on the closing price of the common stock of $46.39 as of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter (June 30, 2021) as reported by the Nasdaq Global Select Market.
As of February 24, 2022, the Registrant had 37,821,174 shares of outstanding common stock.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 are incorporated by reference into Item 7 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Additionally, the information required by Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K is incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement for its 2022 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, which will be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

ENTERPRISE FINANCIAL SERVICES CORP
2021 ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
TABLE OF CONTENTS

|  | Page
PART I |  |
Item 1. | Business | 1
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 12
Item 1B. | Unresolved Staff Comments | 27
Item 2. | Properties | 27
Item 3. | Legal Proceedings | 27
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 27
PART II |  |
Item 5. | Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities | 27
Item 6. | Reserved | 29
Item 7. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 30
Item 7A. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 58
Item 8. | Financial Statements and Supplementary Data | 59
Item 9. | Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure | 118
Item 9A. | Controls and Procedures | 118
Item 9B. | Other Information | 119
Item 9C. | Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections | 119
PART III |  |
Item 10. | Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance | 119
Item 11. | Executive Compensation | 119
Item 12. | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners, and Management and Related Stockholder Matters | 120
Item 13. | Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence | 120
Item 14. | Principal Accounting Fees and Services | 121
PART IV |  |
Item 15. | Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules | 122
Item 16. | Form 10-K Summary | 126
SIGNATURES |  | 127

Glossary of Acronyms, Abbreviations and Entities
The acronyms and abbreviations identified below are used in various sections of this Form 10-K, including “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” in Item 7 and the Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

ACL | Allowance for Credit Losses |  | FHLB | Federal Home Loan Bank
ASC | Accounting Standards Codification |  | First Choice | First Choice Bancorp
ASU | Accounting Standards Update |  | FCB | First Choice Bank
Bank | Enterprise Bank & Trust |  | GAAP | Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
BHCA | Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended |  | GDP | Gross Domestic Product
Board or Board of Directors | Enterprise Financial Services Corp board of directors |  | ICE | The Intercontinental Exchange
C&I | Commercial and Industrial |  | LIBOR | London Interbank Offered Rate
CCB | Capital Conservation Buffer |  | MD&A | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
CDFI | Community Development Financial Institution |  | OCC | Office of the Comptroller of the Currency
CECL | Current Expected Credit Loss |  | PCD | Purchased Credit Deteriorated
CET1 | Common Equity Tier 1 Capital |  | PCI | Purchased Credit Impaired
CFPB | Consumer Financial Protection Bureau |  | PPP | Paycheck Protection Program
Company | Enterprise Financial Services Corp and Subsidiaries |  | PPPLF | Paycheck Protection Program Liquidity Facility
CRE | Commercial Real Estate |  | SBA | U.S. Small Business Administration
Dodd-Frank Act | Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 |  | SBIC | Small Business Investment Company
EFSC | Enterprise Financial Services Corp |  | Seacoast | Seacoast Commerce Banc Holdings
Enterprise | Enterprise Financial Services Corp and Subsidiaries |  | SEC | Securities and Exchange Commission
FDIC | Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation |  | SOFR | Secured Overnight Financing Rate
Federal Reserve | Federal Reserve Board |  | Trinity | Trinity Capital Corporation

PART 1
ITEM 1: BUSINESS
Forward-Looking Information
Some of the information in this Annual Report on Form 10-K may contain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of and intended to be covered by the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, and by Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Such forward-looking statements are based on management’s current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effects on the Company, and include, without limitation, statements about the Company’s plans, strategies, goals, objectives, expectations, or consequences of statements about the future performance, operations, products and services of the Company and its subsidiaries, as well as statements about the Company’s expectations regarding revenue and asset growth, financial performance and profitability, loan and deposit growth, yields and returns, loan diversification and credit management, products and services, shareholder value creation and the impact of the Seacoast and First Choice acquisitions and other acquisitions. Forward-looking statements typically are identified with use of terms such as “may,” “might,” “will, “would,” “should,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “intend,” “potential,” “could,” “continue” and the negative and other variations of these terms and similar words, although some forward-looking statements may be expressed differently. Forward-looking statements also include, but are not limited to, statements regarding plans, objectives, expectations or consequences of announced transactions, known trends, and statements about future performance, operations, products and services. Because forward-looking statements are subject to assumptions and uncertainties, actual results or future events could differ, possibly materially, from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements and future results could differ materially from historical performance. Further, the ability to predict results or the actual effect of future plans or strategies is inherently uncertain. The COVID-19 pandemic is continuing to adversely affect us, our customers, counterparties, employees, and third-party service providers, and the ultimate extent of the impacts on our business, financial position, results of operations, liquidity, and prospects remain uncertain. Continued deterioration in general business and economic conditions, including further increases in unemployment rates, or turbulence in domestic or global financial markets could adversely affect our revenues and the values of our assets and liabilities, reduce the availability of funding, lead to a tightening of credit, and further increase stock price volatility. In addition, changes to statutes, regulations, or regulatory policies or practices as a result of, or in response to COVID-19, could affect us in substantial and unpredictable ways. Other factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to: our ability to efficiently integrate acquisitions, including the Seacoast and First Choice acquisitions, into our operations, retain the customers of these businesses and grow the acquired operations; credit risk; changes in the appraised valuation of real estate securing impaired loans; our ability to recover our investment in loans; fluctuations in the fair value of collateral underlying loans; outcomes of litigation and other contingencies; exposure to general and local economic conditions; risks associated with rapid increases or decreases in prevailing interest rates; changes in business prospects that could impact goodwill estimates and assumptions; consolidation within the banking industry; competition from banks and other financial institutions; the ability to attract and retain relationship officers and other key personnel; burdens imposed by federal and state regulation; changes in regulatory requirements; changes in accounting regulation or standards applicable to banks, including ASU 2016-13 (Topic 326), “Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” commonly referenced as the CECL model, which we adopted on January 1, 2020 and which changed how we estimate credit losses and may increase the required level of our allowance for credit losses in future periods; changes in the method of determining LIBOR and the phase-out of LIBOR; natural disasters; war or terrorist activities, or pandemics, including the COVID-19 pandemic, and their effects on economic and business environments in which we operate, including the ongoing disruption to the financial market and other economic activity caused by the COVID-19 pandemic; and other risks discussed under the caption “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, all of which could cause actual results to differ from those set forth in the forward-looking statements.
Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which reflect management’s analysis and expectations only as of the date of such statements. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and the Company does not intend, and undertakes no obligation, to publicly revise or update forward-looking statements after the date of this report, whether as a result of new information, future events or
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otherwise, except as required by federal securities law. You should understand that it is not possible to predict or identify all risk factors. Readers should carefully review all disclosures we file from time to time with the SEC which are available on the Company’s website at www.enterprisebank.com under “Investor Relations.”
General Development and Description of Our Business
Enterprise Financial Services Corp (“Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our”), headquartered in Clayton, Missouri, is a financial holding company incorporated under Delaware law in December 1994. EFSC is the holding company for Enterprise Bank & Trust, a full-service financial institution offering banking and wealth management services to individuals and corporate customers primarily located in Arizona, California, Kansas, Missouri, Nevada, and New Mexico. Our executive offices are located at 150 North Meramec Avenue, Clayton, Missouri 63105, and our telephone number is (314) 725-5500.
Our stated mission is “Guiding people to a lifetime of financial success.” We have established an accompanying corporate vision, “To be a company where our associates are proud to work, that delivers ease of navigation to our customers and value to our investors, while helping our communities flourish.” These tenets are fundamental to our business strategies and operations.
Our business objective is to generate attractive shareholder returns by providing comprehensive financial services primarily to privately-held businesses, their owner families, and other success-minded individuals. To achieve these objectives we have developed a business strategy that leverages a focused and relationship-oriented distribution and sales approach, with an emphasis on niche businesses and growing fee income, while maintaining prudent credit and interest rate risk management, appropriate supporting technology, and controlled expense growth. We believe this strategy allows us to maximize organic growth opportunities, which we supplement and enhance through disciplined strategic growth.
As described in greater detail below, the Company offers a broad range of business and personal banking services, including wealth management services provided through Enterprise Trust. Lending services include C&I, CRE, real estate construction and development, residential real estate, SBA, consumer and tax credit-related loan products. A wide variety of deposit products and a complete suite of treasury management and international trade services, along with our tax credit brokerage activities, complement our lending capabilities.
Building long-term client relationships – Our growth strategy is first and foremost client relationship driven. We continuously seek to add clients who fit our target market of businesses, business owners, professionals, and associated relationships. Those relationships are maintained, cultivated, and expanded over time by trained, experienced banking officers and other professionals. We fund loan growth primarily with core deposits from our business and professional clients in addition to consumers in our branch market areas. This is supplemented by borrowing or other deposit sources, including advances from the FHLB, and brokered certificates of deposits.
Specialized lending and product niches – We have focused our lending activities in specialty markets where we believe our expertise and experience as a commercial lender provides advantages over other competitors. In addition, we have developed expertise in certain product niches. These specialty niche activities focus on the following areas:
•Sponsor Finance. We support mid-market company mergers and acquisitions in many domestic markets. We market directly to targeted private equity firms, principally SBICs, and provide primarily senior debt financing to portfolio companies.
•Life Insurance Premium Finance. We specialize in financing whole life insurance premiums utilized in high net worth estate planning, through relationships with boutique estate planners throughout the United States.
•Tax Credit Related Lending. We are a secured lender on affordable housing projects funded through the use of federal and state low income housing tax credits. In addition, we provide leveraged and other loans on projects funded through the U.S. Department of the Treasury Community Development Financial Institution (“CDFI”) New Markets Tax Credit Program. In prior years, we were selected to distribute New Markets Tax Credits, and we continue to participate in the application process, as well as serve as a secured lender to other allocatees. In
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the third quarter 2021, the Company received a $60.0 million allocation from the New Market Tax Credit Program.
•Tax Credit Brokerage. We acquire 10-year streams of Missouri state tax credits from affordable housing development funds and sell the tax credits to clients and other individuals for tax planning purposes. We also have a minority ownership in a partnership that acquires, invests and sells, state low income housing tax credits. We lend the partnership money with 6 - 12 year terms and receive interest income and fee income when projects close and when credits are sold.
•SBA 7(a). We have a team of experienced bankers in production offices across the country that originate loans through the SBA 7(a) program. These loans are primarily owner-occupied, commercial real estate loans secured by a 1st lien. These loans predominantly have a 75% portion guaranteed by the SBA. By focusing on this specific product type, we have developed an expertise that allows for speed and reliability of execution.
Specialty deposits – In addition to commercial operating accounts for our C&I customers, we offer specialty deposit accounts to customers in certain industries with complex account needs. Our focus areas include community associations, property management, third party escrow, and trust services. In addition, we service deposit accounts for customers in our specialized lending niches, including sponsor finance, tax credit and life insurance premium financing. These accounts are primarily demand accounts and have a low overall interest cost.
Fee income business – We offer a broad range of treasury management products and services that benefit businesses ranging from large national clients to local merchants. Customized solutions and special product bundles are available to clients of all sizes. In response to ever increasing needs for data/information security and functional efficiency, we continue to offer robust cash management systems that employ mobile technology and fraud detection/mitigation services. Enterprise Trust offers a wide range of fiduciary, investment management, and financial advisory services to facilitate our providing these services. We also offer international banking, card services and tax credit businesses that generate fee income.
Use of technology – Our client technology product offerings include, but are not limited to, internet banking, mobile banking, cash management products, remote deposit capture, positive pay services, fraud detection and prevention, automated payables, check image, and statement and document imaging. Additional service offerings currently supported by the Bank include controlled disbursements, repurchase agreements, and sweep investment accounts. Our cash management suite of products blends technology and personal service, which we believe often creates a competitive advantage over our competition. Technology products are also extensively utilized within the organization by associates in all lines of business including operations and support, customer service, and financial reporting for internal management purposes and for external compliance.
Maintaining asset quality – We monitor asset quality through formal, ongoing, multiple-level reviews of loans in each market and specialized lending niche. These reviews are overseen by the Bank’s credit administration department. In addition, the loan portfolio is subject to ongoing monitoring by a loan review function that reports directly to the Credit Committee of the Bank’s Board of Directors.
Expense management – We manage expenses carefully through detailed budgeting and expense approval processes and measurement of the “efficiency ratio”. The efficiency ratio is equal to noninterest expense divided by total revenue (net interest income plus noninterest income).
Growth through Acquisitions – Disciplined strategic acquisitions have contributed significantly to the Company’s growth and expansion. Most recently, on July 21, 2021, the Company closed its acquisition of First Choice and its wholly-owned bank subsidiary, FCB. First Choice operated eight full service branches in Southern California with total assets of $2.3 billion. The First Choice acquisition strengthened the Company’s commercial banking presence in the California market.
On November 12, 2020, the Company closed its acquisition of Seacoast and its wholly-owned bank subsidiary, Seacoast Commerce Bank. Seacoast operated five full-service retail and commercial banking offices in California and Nevada, as well as SBA loan production and deposit production offices in various states. Seacoast had total
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assets of $1.3 billion. The Seacoast acquisition enhanced the Company’s commercial and specialty lending verticals, while enhancing the Company’s funding profile with deposit expertise in certain specialty deposit areas.
Competition
The Company and its subsidiaries operate in highly competitive markets. Our geographic markets are served by multiple large financial and bank holding companies with substantial capital resources and lending capacity. We face competition not only from other financial holding companies and commercial banks, but also from credit unions, investment managers, insurers, brokerage firms, financial technology companies, and other providers of financial services and products. Strong competition for deposit and loan products affects the rates of those products, as well as the terms on which they are offered to customers.
Supervision and Regulation
The following is a summary description of the relevant laws, rules, and regulations governing banks and financial holding companies, including the Company. The description of, and references to, the statutes and regulations below are brief summaries and do not purport to be complete. The descriptions are qualified in their entirety by reference to the related statutes and regulations.
The regulatory and supervisory structure establishes a comprehensive framework of activities in which an institution can engage and is intended primarily for the protection of depositors, the deposit insurance funds and the banking system as a whole, rather than for the protection of shareholders or creditors. The regulatory structure also gives the regulatory authorities extensive discretion in connection with their supervisory and enforcement activities and examination policies, including policies concerning the establishment of deposit insurance assessment fees, classification of assets and establishment of adequate loan loss reserves for regulatory purposes.
Various legislation is from time to time introduced in Congress and state legislatures where we operate. Such legislation may change applicable statutes and the operating environment in substantial and unpredictable ways. We cannot determine the ultimate effect that future legislation or implementing regulations would have upon our financial condition or upon our results of operations or the results of operations of any of our subsidiaries.
The Dodd-Frank Act, by way of example, contains a comprehensive set of provisions designed to govern the practices and oversight of financial institutions and other participants in the financial markets. The Dodd-Frank Act made extensive changes in the regulation of financial institutions and their holding companies. Some of the changes brought about by the Dodd-Frank Act have been modified by the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act of 2018 (the “Regulatory Relief Act”), signed into law on May 24, 2018.
Legislative and Regulatory Actions in Connection with Global Pandemic. On January 31, 2020, the Secretary of Health and Human Services declared a public health emergency due to the global outbreak of a new strain of coronavirus (COVID-19). On March 13, 2020, the President of the United States proclaimed COVID-19 as a national emergency, following the World Health Organization’s categorization of the outbreak as a pandemic. Variants of COVID-19 continue to aggressively spread globally, including throughout the United States. The pandemic and resulting travel bans, closure of non-essential businesses, social distancing measures and government responses across the country have had a profound impact on the global economy, financial markets and how business has been conducted across all industries and have affected many of the Company’s customers and clients. To the extent the economic impacts of the pandemic continue for a prolonged period and conditions stagnate or worsen, our provision for credit losses, noninterest income, and profitability may be adversely affected.
On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act was signed into law. The CARES Act contains provisions to assist individuals and businesses, including the SBA’s Paycheck Protection Program. The PPP provided $349 billion in guaranteed loans that are forgivable if certain requirements are met. Subsequent legislation increased the overall PPP authorization to $813.7 million through the end of the program on May 31, 2021. The CARES Act also provides certain temporary regulatory relief for financial institutions. The act permits financial institutions to temporarily suspend any determination of a loan modified as a result of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic as being a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”), including impairment for accounting
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purposes. We elected to apply the CARES Act relief to certain loan modifications that relate primarily to short-term payment deferrals and have not classified such modifications as TDRs through the end of 2021.
The CARES Act grants potential tax relief and liquidity to businesses, including corporate tax provisions that: temporarily allow for the carryback of net operating losses and remove limitations on the use of loss carryforwards, increase interest expense deduction limitations, and allow accelerated depreciation deductions on certain asset improvements.
On March 11, 2021, the American Rescue Plan of 2021 (“ARA”) was signed into law. The ARA provided additional support to the economy through direct support to individuals, families and small businesses.
Financial Holding Company
The Company is a financial holding company registered under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (“BHCA”). As a financial holding company, the Company is subject to regulation and examination by the Federal Reserve, and is required to file periodic reports of its operations and such additional information as the Federal Reserve may require. In order to remain a financial holding company, the Company must continue to be considered well-managed and well-capitalized by the Federal Reserve, and the Bank must continue to be considered well-managed and well-capitalized by the FDIC, and have at least a “satisfactory” rating under the Community Reinvestment Act. See “Liquidity and Capital Resources” in the MD&A for more information on our capital adequacy, and “Bank Subsidiary - Community Reinvestment Act” below for more information on the Community Reinvestment Act.
Acquisitions: With certain limited exceptions, the BHCA requires every financial holding company or bank holding company to obtain the prior approval of the Federal Reserve before (i) acquiring substantially all the assets of any bank, (ii) acquiring direct or indirect ownership or control of any voting shares of any bank if, after such acquisition, it would own or control more than 5% of the voting shares of such bank (unless it already owns or controls the majority of such shares), or (iii) merging or consolidating with another bank holding company. Additionally, the BHCA provides that the Federal Reserve may not approve any of these transactions if it would result in or tend to create a monopoly, substantially lessen competition, or otherwise function as a restraint of trade, unless the anti-competitive effects of the proposed transaction are clearly outweighed by the public interest in meeting the convenience and needs of the community to be served. The Federal Reserve also is required to consider the financial and managerial resources and future prospects of the bank holding companies and banks concerned and the convenience and needs of the community to be served. The Federal Reserve’s consideration of financial resources generally focuses on capital adequacy, which is described below.
Change in Bank Control: Subject to various exceptions, the BHCA and the Change in Bank Control Act, together with related regulations, require Federal Reserve approval prior to any person or company acquiring “control” of a bank or financial holding company. Control is conclusively presumed to exist if an individual or company acquires 25% or more of any class of voting securities of the Company or controls a majority of the board of directors. In certain circumstances, control is rebuttably presumed to exist if a person or company acquires 10% or more, but less than 25%, of any class of voting securities of the Company. The regulations provide a procedure for challenging rebuttable presumptions of control.
Permitted Activities: The BHCA has generally prohibited a bank holding company from engaging in activities other than banking or managing or controlling banks or other permissible subsidiaries and from acquiring or retaining direct or indirect control of any company engaged in any activities other than those determined by the Federal Reserve to be closely related to banking or managing or controlling banks as to be a proper incident thereto. Provisions of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act have expanded the permissible activities of a bank holding company that qualifies as a financial holding company. Under the regulations implementing the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, a financial holding company may engage in additional activities that are financial in nature or incidental or complementary to financial activities. Those activities include, among other activities, certain insurance, advisory and securities activities.
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Support of Bank Subsidiary: Under Federal Reserve policy, the Company is expected to act as a source of financial strength for the Bank and to commit resources to support the Bank. In addition, pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act, this longstanding policy has been given the force of law, and additional regulations promulgated by the Federal Reserve to further implement the statute are possible; however, the bank subsidiary support provisions of the statute are fully effective even absent implementing regulations. As in the past, such financial support from the Company may be required at times when, without this legal requirement, the Company may not be inclined to provide it.
Capital Adequacy: The Company is also subject to capital requirements applied on a consolidated basis, which are substantially similar to those required of the Bank (summarized below).
Dividend Restrictions and Stock Repurchases: From time to time the Company may engage in stock repurchases. The Federal Reserve requires that bank and financial holding companies, where certain conditions are triggered, provide prior notice to, consult with, and in certain circumstances seek the approval of, the Federal Reserve or reserve bank staff prior to implementing a stock repurchase plan.
Under Federal Reserve policies, financial holding companies may pay cash dividends on common stock only out of income available over the past year if prospective earnings retention is consistent with the organization’s expected future needs and financial condition and if the organization is not in danger of not meeting its minimum regulatory capital requirements. Federal Reserve policy also provides that financial holding companies should not maintain a level of cash dividends that undermines the financial holding company’s ability to serve as a source of strength to its banking subsidiaries.
Dividends, repurchases and redemptions on the Company’s capital stock (common and preferred) are prohibited under the terms of the junior subordinated debenture agreements (see Note 11-Subordinated Debentures) if the Company is in continuous default on its payment obligations, has elected to defer interest payments or extends the interest payment period. Furthermore, unless dividends on all outstanding shares of the Series A Preferred Stock for the most recently completed dividend period have been paid or declared, dividends on, and repurchases of, common stock is prohibited.
Bank Subsidiary
The Bank is a Missouri trust company with banking powers and is subject to supervision and regulation by the Missouri Division of Finance. In addition, as a Federal Reserve non-member bank, it is subject to supervision and regulation by the FDIC. The Bank is a member of the FHLB of Des Moines.
The Bank is subject to extensive federal and state regulatory oversight. The various regulatory authorities regulate or monitor all areas of the banking operations, including security devices and procedures, adequacy of capitalization and loss reserves, loans, investments, borrowings, deposits, mergers, issuance of securities, payment of dividends, interest rates payable on deposits, interest rates or fees chargeable on loans, establishment of branches, corporate reorganizations, maintenance of books and records, and adequacy of staff training to carry on safe lending and deposit gathering practices. The Bank must maintain certain capital ratios and is subject to limitations on aggregate investments in real estate, bank premises, low-income housing projects, and furniture and fixtures. In connection with their supervision and regulation responsibilities, the Bank is subject to periodic examination by the FDIC and Missouri Division of Finance.
Capital Adequacy: The Bank is required to comply with the FDIC’s capital adequacy standards for insured banks. The FDIC has issued risk-based capital and leverage capital guidelines for measuring capital adequacy, and all applicable capital standards must be satisfied for the Bank to be considered in compliance with regulatory capital requirements.
In 2013, the Federal Reserve, FDIC and OCC approved a final rule to establish a new comprehensive regulatory capital framework for all U.S. banking organizations. This regulatory capital framework, commonly referred to as Basel III, implemented several changes to the U.S. regulatory capital framework required by the Dodd-Frank Act.
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The Basel III final rule established a new CET1 requirement and increased the minimum tier 1 capital requirement to 6.0%. In addition, all banking organizations must maintain a CCB consisting of CET1 capital in an amount equal to 2.5% of risk-weighted assets in order to avoid restrictions on their ability to make capital distributions and to pay certain discretionary bonus payments to executive officers. The CCB effectively increased the minimum CET1 capital, tier 1 capital, and total capital ratios for U.S. banking organizations to 7.0%, 8.5%, and 10.5%, respectively.
As required by the Basel III final rule, capital instruments such as trust preferred securities and cumulative preferred shares have been phased out of tier 1 capital for banking organizations that had $15 billion or more in total consolidated assets as of December 31, 2009, and grandfathered as tier 1 capital such instruments issued by smaller entities prior to May 19, 2010 (provided they do not exceed 25% of tier 1 capital). The Company’s trust preferred securities currently are grandfathered under this provision. However, if the Company has total assets of $15 billion and acquires another bank, or if an acquisition causes the Company to exceed $15 billion in total assets, the trust preferred securities will no longer qualify as Tier 1 instruments (but may be included in tier 2 capital).
Prompt Corrective Action: The Bank’s capital categories are determined for the purpose of applying the “prompt corrective action” rules described below and may be taken into consideration by banking regulators in evaluating proposals for expansion or new activities. They are not necessarily an accurate representation of a bank’s overall financial condition or prospects for other purposes. A failure to meet the capital guidelines could subject the Bank to a variety of enforcement actions under those rules, including the issuance of a capital directive, the termination of deposit insurance by the FDIC, a prohibition on the taking of brokered deposits, and other restrictions on its business. As described below, the FDIC also can impose other substantial restrictions on banks that fail to meet applicable capital requirements.
Federal law establishes a system of prompt corrective action to resolve the problems of undercapitalized banks. Under this system, the FDIC has established five capital categories (“well-capitalized,” “adequately capitalized,” “undercapitalized,” “significantly undercapitalized,” and “critically undercapitalized”) and is required to take various mandatory supervisory actions, and is authorized to take other discretionary actions with respect to banks in the three undercapitalized categories. The severity of any such actions taken will depend upon the capital category in which a bank is placed. Generally, subject to a narrow exception, current federal law requires the FDIC to appoint a receiver or conservator for a bank that is critically undercapitalized.
The following table summarizes the prompt corrective action categories:

Prompt Corrective Action Category | Total Risk-Based Capital | Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital | Common Equity Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital | Tier 1 Leverage Ratio
Well-capitalized | 10.0% | 8.0% | 6.5% | 5.0%
Adequately capitalized | 8.0% | 6.0% | 4.5% | 4.0%
Undercapitalized | < 8.0% | < 6.0% | < 4.5% | < 4.0%
Significantly undercapitalized | < 6.0% | < 4.0% | < 3.0% | < 3.0%
Critically undercapitalized | Tangible equity / Total assets ≤ 2.0%

A bank that becomes “undercapitalized,” “significantly undercapitalized,” or “critically undercapitalized” is required to submit an acceptable capital restoration plan to the FDIC. An “undercapitalized” bank also is generally prohibited from increasing its average total assets, making acquisitions, establishing new branches, or engaging in any new line of business, except in accordance with an accepted capital restoration plan or with the approval of the FDIC. Also, the FDIC may treat an “undercapitalized” bank as being “significantly undercapitalized” if it determines that those actions are necessary to carry out the purpose of the law.
All of the Bank’s capital ratios were at levels that qualify it to be “well-capitalized” for regulatory purposes as of December 31, 2021.
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau: The Dodd-Frank Act centralized responsibility for consumer financial protection including implementing, examining and enforcing compliance with federal consumer financial laws with
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the CFPB. Depository institutions with more than $10 billion in assets, such as the Bank, are subject to rules promulgated by the CFPB.
The CFPB has broad rule-making authority for a wide range of consumer protection laws that apply to all banks, including the authority to prohibit unfair, deceptive or abusive acts and practices. In addition, the Dodd-Frank Act enhanced the regulation of mortgage banking and gave to the CFPB oversight of many of the core laws which regulate the mortgage industry and the authority to implement mortgage regulations. Any new regulations adopted by the CFPB may significantly impact consumer mortgage lending and servicing.
The Bank is also subject to other laws and regulations intended to protect consumers in transactions with depository institutions, as well as other laws or regulations affecting customers of financial institutions generally. While the list set forth herein is not exhaustive, these laws and regulations include the Truth in Lending Act, the Truth in Savings Act, the Electronic Funds Transfer Act, the Expedited Funds Availability Act, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, the Fair Housing Act, the Real Estate Settlement and Procedures Act, the Fair Credit Reporting Act and the Federal Trade Commission Act, among others. These laws and regulations mandate certain disclosure requirements and regulate the manner in which financial institutions must deal with customers when taking deposits or making loans to such customers. The Bank must comply with the applicable provisions of these consumer protection laws and regulations as part of its ongoing customer relations.
UDAP and UDAAP: Banking regulatory agencies have increasingly used a general consumer protection statute to address “unethical” or otherwise “bad” business practices that may not necessarily fall directly under the purview of a specific banking or consumer finance law. The law of choice for enforcement against such business practices has been Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act - the primary federal law that prohibits unfair or deceptive acts or practices and unfair methods of competition in or affecting commerce (“UDAP” or “FTC Act”). “Unjustified consumer injury” is the principal focus of the FTC Act. Moreover, the UDAP provisions have been expanded under the Dodd-Frank Act to apply to “unfair, deceptive or abusive acts or practices” (“UDAAP”), which has been delegated to the CFPB for supervision. The CFPB has brought a variety of enforcement actions for violations of UDAAP provisions and CFPB guidance continues to evolve.
Mortgage Reform: The CFPB has adopted final rules implementing minimum standards for the origination of residential mortgages, including standards regarding a customer’s ability to repay, restricting variable-rate lending by requiring the ability to repay variable-rate loans be determined by using the maximum rate that will apply during the first five years of a variable-rate loan term, and making more loans subject to provisions for higher cost loans, new disclosures, and certain other revisions. The Dodd-Frank Act allows borrowers to raise certain defenses to foreclosure if they receive any loan other than a “qualified mortgage” as defined by the CFPB.
Dividends by the Bank Subsidiary: Under Missouri law, the Bank may pay dividends to the Company only from a portion of its undivided profits and may not pay dividends if its capital is impaired. As an insured depository institution, federal law prohibits the Bank from making any capital distributions, including the payment of a cash dividend if it is “undercapitalized” or after making the distribution would become undercapitalized. If the FDIC believes the Bank is engaged in, or about to engage in, an unsafe or unsound practice, the FDIC may require, after notice and hearing, that the bank cease and desist from that practice. The FDIC has indicated that paying dividends that deplete a depository institution’s capital base to an inadequate level would be an unsafe and unsound banking practice. The FDIC has issued policy statements that provide that insured banks generally should pay dividends only from their current operating earnings. The Bank’s payment of dividends also could be affected or limited by other factors, such as events or circumstances which lead the FDIC to require that it maintain capital in excess of regulatory guidelines.
Transactions with Affiliates and Insiders: The Bank is subject to the provisions of Regulation W promulgated by the Federal Reserve, which encompasses Sections 23A and 23B of the Federal Reserve Act. Regulation W places limits and conditions on the amount of loans or extensions of credit to, investments in, or certain other transactions with, affiliates and on the amount of advances to third parties collateralized by the securities or obligations of affiliates. Regulation W also prohibits, among other things, an institution from engaging in certain transactions with certain affiliates unless the transactions are on terms substantially the same, or at least as favorable to such
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institution or its subsidiaries, as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with nonaffiliated companies. Federal law also places restrictions on the Bank’s ability to extend credit to its executive officers, directors, principal shareholders and their related interests. These extensions of credit must be made on substantially the same terms, including interest rates and collateral, as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with unrelated third parties; and must not involve more than the normal risk of repayment or present other unfavorable features.
Community Reinvestment Act: The Community Reinvestment Act (“CRA”) requires that, in connection with examinations of financial institutions within its jurisdiction, the FDIC is required to evaluate the record of the financial institutions in meeting the credit needs of their local communities, including low and moderate income neighborhoods, consistent with the safe and sound operation of those institutions. These factors are also considered in evaluating mergers, acquisitions, and applications to open a branch or facility. The Bank has an outstanding rating under CRA.
USA PATRIOT Act: The Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (the “USA PATRIOT Act”) requires each financial institution to: (i) establish an anti-money laundering program; (ii) establish due diligence policies, procedures and controls with respect to its private banking accounts and correspondent banking accounts involving foreign individuals and certain foreign banks; and (iii) implement certain due diligence policies, procedures and controls with regard to correspondent accounts in the United States for, or on behalf of, a foreign bank that does not have a physical presence in any country. In addition, the USA PATRIOT Act contains a provision encouraging cooperation among financial institutions, regulatory authorities and law enforcement authorities with respect to individuals, entities and organizations engaged in, or reasonably suspected of engaging in, terrorist acts or money laundering activities.
Commercial Real Estate Lending: The Bank’s lending operations may be subject to enhanced scrutiny by federal banking regulators based on its concentration of commercial real estate loans. CRE loans generally include land development, construction loans, and loans secured by multifamily property, and non-farm, nonresidential real property where the primary source of repayment is derived from rental income associated with the property. On December 6, 2006, the federal banking regulators issued final guidance to remind financial institutions of the risk posed by CRE lending concentrations. The guidance prescribes the following guidelines for its examiners to help identify institutions that are potentially exposed to significant CRE risk, including concentrations in certain types of CRE that may warrant greater supervisory scrutiny: total reported loans for construction, land development, and other land represent 100% or more of the institutions total capital; or total commercial real estate loans represent 300% or more of the institution’s total capital, and the outstanding balance of the institution’s commercial real estate loan portfolio has increased by 50% or more.
Volcker Rule: On December 10, 2013, the federal regulators adopted final regulations to implement the proprietary trading and private fund prohibitions of the Volcker Rule under the Dodd-Frank Act. Under the final regulations, banking entities are generally prohibited, subject to significant exceptions from: (i) short-term proprietary trading as principal in securities and other financial instruments, and (ii) sponsoring or acquiring or retaining an ownership interest in private equity and hedge funds. Revisions to the Volcker Rule in 2019, that become effective in 2020, simplifies and streamlines the compliance requirements for banks that do not have significant trading activities. In 2020, the OCC, Federal Reserve, FDIC, SEC and Commodity Futures Trading Commission finalized further amendments to the Volcker Rule. The amendments include new exclusions from the Volcker Rule’s general prohibitions on banking entities investing in and sponsoring private equity funds, hedge funds, and certain other investment vehicles (collectively “covered funds”). The amendments in the final rule, which became effective on October 1, 2020, clarify and expand permissible banking activities and relationships under the Volcker Rule.
Governmental Policies
The operations of the Company and its subsidiaries are affected not only by general economic conditions, but also by the policies of various regulatory authorities. In particular, the Federal Reserve regulates monetary policy and interest rates in order to influence general economic conditions. These policies have a significant influence on overall growth and distribution of loans, investments and deposits and affect interest rates charged on loans or paid
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for deposits. Federal Reserve monetary policies have had a significant effect on the operating results of all financial institutions in the past and may continue to do so in the future.
Human Capital Management
We pride ourselves in creating an open, diverse, and transparent culture that celebrates teamwork and recognizes associates at all levels. We expect and encourage participation and collaboration, and understand that we need each other to be successful. We value accountability because it is essential to our success, and we accept our responsibility to hold ourselves and others accountable for meeting shareholder commitments and achieving exceptional standards of performance. We also believe in supporting our associates to achieve a work/life balance.
Attracting and Retaining Talent. Our goal is to offer careers to our associates; not just jobs. At December 31, 2021, we employed 1,032 regular full-time and 43 part-time associates. We also employ a small number of seasonal/temporary associates and occasionally hire independent contractors for specific projects that require a highly specialized skill set or to provide additional resources during peak times, as needed.
Our performance measures and compensation determinations are designed to ensure the proper balance of risk and reward. Performance evaluations facilitate our ongoing assessment of associates’ skills and improvements as needed. We use annual talent reviews to identify high performing associates and future potential leaders, provide insight into critical development needs and retention risks, and identify business-critical talent needs, including anticipated workforce planning challenges. Additionally, we have established succession plans to ensure continuation of critical roles and operations.
We are committed to offering a competitive total compensation package. We regularly compare compensation and benefits with peer companies and market data, making adjustments as needed to ensure compensation stays competitive. In 2021, we raised our internal minimum wage to $16 per hour to maintain a competitive total rewards package that attracts and retains top talent. This decision was made after extensive research, including reviewing the current market landscape both inside and outside of banking and financial services, and with feedback from leadership.
We also offer a wide array of benefits for our associates and their families including 401(k), medical, dental and vision benefits as well as life insurance and short-term disability for all full-time associates. Our wellness program is designed to help associates avoid illness while improving and maintaining their general health. The program offers financial rewards to associates who adopt healthy habits and participate in wellness education and health screens. Annual health screenings are provided to all associates at no charge.
Soliciting Feedback. We conduct associate surveys to ensure that we understand what is important to our associates, including their opinions on a variety of topics. We have made changes as a result of the survey results including the adoption of a volunteer time-off policy and improvements to internal communication processes. Our efforts are being recognized. For the past four years, the Bank has been included in the “Best Banks to Work for” by American Banker magazine for our dedication to employee satisfaction.
In late 2021, we conducted a survey specifically directed at gaining a better understanding of our culture and our associates’ experiences. We believe this is especially important to understand as we have grown into new markets and welcomed new associates. The survey was designed to give management insight into our culture’s strengths and opportunities. Additionally, we utilize small group setting programs, where management regularly meets with associates across the organization for informal discussion and open forum on topics that are top of mind for the attendees. Through our continued use of surveys and other forms of collecting associate feedback, we can continue to understand, grow and enhance our culture to facilitate a ‘best place to work’ environment. Eighty-two percent of our associates responded to the culture survey.
Diversity, Equity & Inclusion. We believe that diversity of thought and experiences results in better outcomes and empowers our associates to make more meaningful contributions within our company and communities. We continue to learn and grow, and our current initiatives reflect our ongoing efforts around a more diverse, inclusive and equitable workplace.
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Our Diversity, Equity & Inclusion Leadership Council and our Black Heritage Connections Group — are tasked with making recommendations on specific steps we can take to ensure we are driving positive change in our communities. In addition, we have several associate development programs that help to create a more inclusive environment by giving associates and other individuals of all backgrounds additional opportunities to succeed and contribute. These programs include:
•Career Acceleration Program - This trainee program allows participants to experience a wide range of assignments by rotating through the various product partners and operational areas of the Company. Upon successful completion of the program, the associate is placed in a role that aligns with their strengths and talents and helps meet the needs of our organization.
•Gateway to a Banking Career - This program provides training for jobs as tellers and customer service representatives, job interview practice and job placement assistance. It is a joint effort with two other St. Louis-based financial institutions. Upon successful completion of the program, participants receive a small stipend and are guaranteed an interview with one of the program sponsors.
•Empower & Enlighten - This program pairs our senior leaders with mid-level women and minority associates in order to foster an environment of mutual understanding, to remove generational boundaries and implicit biases, and to build the bridges that connect people to opportunity.
•Business Resource Groups - These groups bring together associates with a shared identity, interest or goal to create community and opportunities for improvement and engagement.
We track the representation of women and underrepresented minorities because we believe that diversity helps us build more effective teams and improve our client experience, leading to greater success for the Company and our shareholders. Our diversity data is monitored by the Board. We have made progress in this area, but continue to strive to further diversify our workforce and strengthen our culture of inclusion.
Focusing on a Safe and Healthy Workplace. We value our associates and are committed to providing a safe and healthy workplace. Our formal Health & Safety (HS) Policy mandates all tasks be conducted in a safe and efficient manner and comply with all local, state and federal health and safety regulations, and special safety concerns. The HS Policy encompasses all facilities and operations and addresses on-site emergencies, injuries and illnesses, evacuation procedures, cell phone usage and general safety rules.
Our priority throughout the COVID-19 pandemic is to protect the health and safety of associates and clients while remaining operational. We are abiding by federal, state and local governmental guidelines as we balance public health concerns with the needs of our business. We continue to follow our Business Continuity Plan and Pandemic Plan and have been able to successfully navigate the pandemic with no significant interruptions.
Available Information
Various reports provided to the SEC, including our annual reports, quarterly reports, current reports, proxy statements, and amendments to such reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, are available free of charge on our website at www.enterprisebank.com under the “Investor Relations” link. These reports are made available as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC. Our filings with the SEC are also available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. All website addresses given in this document are for information only and are not intended to be an active link or to incorporate any website information into this document.
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ITEM 1A: RISK FACTORS
An investment in our common shares is subject to risks inherent to our business. Before making an investment decision, you should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below together with all of the other information included or incorporated by reference in this report. The value of our common shares could decline due to any of these risks, and you could lose all or part of your investment.
Risks Relating to the Pandemic
The global coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has led, and continues to lead, to periods of significant volatility in financial, commodities and other markets and could harm our business and results of operations.
Given the ongoing and dynamic nature of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, it is difficult to predict the impact of the pandemic on our business, and there is no guarantee that our efforts to address or mitigate the adverse impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic will be effective in the future. The impact to date has included periods of significant volatility in financial, commodities and other markets. This volatility, if it continues, could have an adverse impact on our customers and on our business, financial condition and results of operations as well as our growth strategy.
Our business is dependent upon the willingness and ability of our customers to conduct banking and other financial transactions. The spread of COVID-19 has caused and could continue to cause severe disruptions in the U.S. economy at large, and has resulted and may continue to result in disruptions to our customers’ businesses, and a decrease in consumer confidence and business generally. In addition, actions by US federal, state and local governments to address the pandemic, including travel bans, stay-at-home orders and school, business and entertainment venue closures, have had and may continue to have a significant adverse effect on our customers and the markets in which we conduct our business. The extent of further impacts resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic and other events beyond our control will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including new information which may emerge concerning the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic and actions taken to contain the COVID-19 or its impact, among others.
Disruptions to our customers could result in increased risk of delinquencies, defaults, foreclosures and losses on our loans as well as declines in wealth management revenues. The escalation of the pandemic may also negatively impact regional economic conditions for a period of time, resulting in declines in local loan demand, liquidity of loan guarantors, loan collateral (particularly in real estate), loan originations and deposit availability. If the global response to contain COVID-19 escalates or is unsuccessful, we could experience a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
The Company has implemented restrictions on employee business travel, conversion of in-person meetings to virtual, and a work-from-home mandate. The Company has also worked with its customers to implement appropriate loan deferral strategies in certain circumstances. These actions in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and similar actions by our vendors and business partners, have not materially impaired our ability to support our employees, conduct our business and serve our customers, but there is no assurance these actions will be sufficient to successfully mitigate the risks presented by COVID-19 or that our ability to operate will not be materially affected going forward. For instance, our business operations may be disrupted if key personnel or significant portions of our employees are unable to work effectively, including because of illness, quarantines, government actions, or other restrictions in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic. Similarly, if any of our vendors or business partners become unable to continue to provide their products and services, which we rely upon to maintain our day-to-day operations, our ability to serve our customers could be impacted.
Unpredictable future developments related to or resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Because there have been no comparable recent global pandemics that resulted in similar global impact, we do not yet know the full extent of the COVID-19 pandemic’s effects on our business, operations, or the global economy as a whole. Any future development will be highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including the scope and duration of the pandemic, the effectiveness of our work from home arrangements, third party providers’ ability to support our operation, increases in inflation or interest rates, labor shortages, supply chain disruptions and any actions taken by
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governmental authorities and other third parties in response to the pandemic. We are continuing to monitor the COVID-19 pandemic and related risks, although the rapid development and fluidity of the situation precludes any specific prediction as to its ultimate impact on us. However, if the COVID-19 outbreak continues to spread or otherwise results in a continuation or worsening of the current economic and commercial environments, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows as well as our regulatory capital and liquidity ratios could be materially adversely affected and many of the risks described in this Annual Report on Form 10-K may be heightened.
Risks Relating to Economic and Market Conditions
An economic downturn could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Recessionary conditions and/or negative developments in the domestic and international credit markets may significantly affect the markets in which we do business, the value of our loans and investments, and our ongoing operations and profitability. If the communities in which we operate do not grow, or if prevailing economic conditions locally or nationally are unfavorable, our business may not succeed. Unpredictable economic conditions may have an adverse effect on the quality of our loan portfolio and our financial performance. Adverse changes in the economies in our market areas may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. As a community bank, we bear increased risk of unfavorable local economic conditions. Moreover, we cannot give any assurance that we will benefit from any market growth or favorable economic conditions in our primary market areas even if they do occur.
We face potential risk from changes in governmental monetary policies.
The Company’s earnings are affected by domestic economic conditions and the monetary and fiscal policies of the United States government and its agencies. The Federal Reserve’s monetary policies have had, and are likely to continue to have, an important impact on the operating results of commercial banks through its power to implement national monetary policy in order, among other things, to curb inflation or combat a recession. The monetary policies of the Federal Reserve affect the levels of bank loans, investments, and deposits through its control over the issuance of United States government securities, its regulation of the discount rate applicable to member banks, and its influence over reserve requirements to which member banks are subject. The Company cannot predict the nature or impact of future changes in monetary and fiscal policies.
Legal, Regulatory and Tax Risks
Our participation in the SBA PPP loan program exposes us to risks related to noncompliance with the PPP, as well as litigation risk related to our administration of the PPP loan program, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The Company is a participating lender in the PPP, a loan program administered through the SBA, that was created to help eligible businesses, organizations and self-employed persons fund their operational costs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Under this program, the SBA guarantees 100% of the amounts loaned under the PPP. The PPP opened on April 3, 2020 and expired on May 31, 2021; however, because of the short window between the passing of the CARES Act and the initial opening of the PPP, there is some ambiguity in the laws, rules and guidance regarding the operation of the PPP, which exposes the Company to risks relating to noncompliance with the PPP. For instance, other financial institutions have experienced litigation related to their process and procedures used in processing applications for the PPP. Any financial liability, litigation costs or reputational damage caused by PPP related litigation could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, the Company may be exposed to credit risk on PPP loans if a determination is made by the SBA that there is a deficiency in the manner in which the loan was originated, funded, or serviced. If a deficiency is identified, the SBA may deny its liability under the guaranty, reduce the amount of the guaranty, or, if it has already paid under the guaranty, seek recovery of any loss related to the deficiency from the Company.
SBA lending is an important part of our business. Our SBA lending program is dependent upon the U.S. federal government, and we face specific risks associated with originating SBA loans.
Our SBA lending program is dependent upon the U.S. federal government. As an approved participant in the SBA Preferred Lender’s Program (a “Preferred Lender”), we enable our clients to obtain SBA loans without being subject to the potentially lengthy SBA approval process necessary for lenders that are not Preferred Lenders. The SBA periodically reviews the lending operations of participating lenders to assess, among other things, whether the
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lender exhibits prudent risk management. When weaknesses are identified, the SBA may request corrective actions or impose enforcement actions, including revocation of the Preferred Lender status. If we lose our status as a Preferred Lender, we may lose some or all of our customers to lenders who are Preferred Lenders, and as a result we could experience a material adverse effect to our financial results. Any changes to the SBA program, including but not limited to changes to the level of guarantee provided by the federal government on SBA loans, changes to program-specific rules impacting volume eligibility under the guaranty program, as well as changes to the program amounts authorized by Congress, may also have a material adverse effect on our business. In addition, any default by the U.S. government on its obligations or any prolonged government shutdown could, among other things, impede our ability to originate SBA loans or sell such loans in the secondary market, which could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition. When we originate SBA loans, we incur credit risk on the non-guaranteed portion of the loans, and if a customer defaults on a loan, we share any loss and recovery related to the loan pro-rata with the SBA. If the SBA establishes that a loss on an SBA guaranteed loan is attributable to significant technical deficiencies in the way the loan was originated, funded, or serviced by us, the SBA may seek recovery of the principal loss related to the deficiency.
Changes in government regulation and supervision may increase our costs or impact our ability to operate in certain lines of business.
Our operations are subject to extensive regulation by federal, state and local governmental authorities and are subject to various laws and judicial and administrative decisions imposing requirements and restrictions on part or all of our operations. Banking regulations are primarily intended to protect depositors’ funds, federal deposit insurance funds and the banking system as a whole, rather than shareholders. Because our business is highly regulated, the laws, rules, regulations and supervisory guidance and policies applicable to us are subject to regular modification and change and could result in an adverse impact on our results of operations.
We are subject to numerous laws designed to protect consumers, including the CRA and fair lending laws, and failure to comply with these laws could lead to a wide variety of sanctions.
The CRA, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, the Fair Housing Act and other fair lending laws and regulations impose nondiscriminatory lending requirements on financial institutions. The CFPB, the U.S. Department of Justice and other federal agencies are responsible for enforcing these laws and regulations. A successful regulatory challenge to an institution’s performance under the CRA or fair lending laws and regulations could result in a wide variety of sanctions, including damages and civil money penalties, injunctive relief, restrictions on mergers and acquisitions activity, restrictions on expansion, and restrictions on entering new business lines. Private parties may also have the ability to challenge an institution’s performance under fair lending laws in private class action litigation. Such actions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and future prospects.
We are subject to compliance with the Bank Secrecy Act and other anti-money laundering statutes and regulations, and failure to comply with these laws could lead to a wide variety of sanctions.
The Bank Secrecy Act, the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001, and other laws and regulations require financial institutions, among other duties, to institute and maintain an effective anti-money laundering program and file suspicious activity and currency transaction reports when appropriate. In addition to other bank regulatory agencies, the federal Financial Crimes Enforcement Network of the Department of the Treasury is authorized to impose significant civil money penalties for violations of those requirements and has recently engaged in coordinated enforcement efforts with the state and federal banking regulators, as well as the U.S. Department of Justice, CFPB, Drug Enforcement Administration, and Internal Revenue Service. We are also subject to increased scrutiny of compliance with the rules enforced by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the Department of the Treasury regarding, among other things, the prohibition of transacting business with, and the need to freeze assets of, certain persons and organizations identified as a threat to the national security, foreign policy or economy of the United States. If our policies, procedures and systems are deemed deficient, we would be subject to liability, including fines and regulatory actions, which may include restrictions on our ability to pay dividends and the necessity to obtain regulatory approvals to proceed with certain aspects of our business plan, including any acquisition plans. Failure to maintain and implement adequate programs to combat money laundering and terrorist financing could also have
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serious reputational consequences for us. Any of these results could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and future prospects.
If the Company or the Bank incur losses that erode its capital, it may become subject to enhanced regulation or supervisory action.
Under federal and state laws and regulations pertaining to the safety and soundness of insured depository institutions, the Missouri Division of Finance, the Federal Reserve Board, and the FDIC have the authority to compel or restrict certain actions if the Company’s or the Bank’s capital should fall below adequate capital standards as a result of future operating losses, or if its bank regulators determine that it has insufficient capital. Among other matters, the corrective actions include but are not limited to requiring affirmative action to correct any conditions resulting from any violation or practice; directing an increase in capital and the maintenance of specific minimum capital ratios; restricting the Bank’s operations; limiting the rate of interest the bank may pay on brokered deposits; restricting the amount of distributions and dividends and payment of interest on its trust preferred securities; requiring the Bank to enter into informal or formal enforcement orders, including memoranda of understanding, written agreements and consent or cease and desist orders to take corrective action and enjoin unsafe and unsound practices; removing officers and directors and assessing civil monetary penalties; and taking possession of and closing and liquidating the Bank. These actions may limit the ability of the Bank or Company to execute its business plan and thus can lead to an adverse impact on the results of operations or financial position.
Financial Risks
Our allowance for credit losses may not be adequate to cover actual loan losses.
We maintain an allowance for credit losses, which is a reserve established through a provision for credit losses charged to expense, that represents management’s estimate of probable losses within the existing portfolio of loans. The allowance, in the judgment of management, is sufficient to reserve for estimated credit losses and risks inherent in the loan portfolio. We continue to monitor the adequacy of our loan credit allowance and may need to increase it if economic conditions deteriorate. In addition, bank regulatory agencies periodically review our allowance for credit losses and may require an increase in the provision for credit losses or the recognition of further loan charge-offs, based on judgments that can differ somewhat from those of our own management. In addition, if charge-offs in future periods exceed the allowance for loan losses (i.e., if the loan allowance is inadequate), we may need additional credit loss provisions to increase the allowance for loan losses. Additional provisions to increase the allowance for credit losses, should they become necessary, would result in a decrease in net income and a reduction in capital, and may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Increased regulatory oversight, changes in the method of determining LIBOR and the phase-out of LIBOR after 2021 may adversely affect the results of our operations.
On December 31, 2021, the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”), which regulates the LIBOR, ceased issuance of 24 of the 35 LIBOR settings. Five U.S. dollar settings (overnight, 1-month, 3-month, 6-month and 1-year) will continue to be published using panel bank issuances through June 2023. However, new contracts indexed to LIBOR are prohibited after December 31, 2021. In the United States, efforts to identify a set of alternative U.S. dollar reference interest rates are ongoing, and the Alternative Reference Rate Committee (“ARRC”) has recommended the use of SOFR, which is different from LIBOR in that it is a backward looking secured rate rather than a forward looking unsecured rate. These differences could lead to a greater disconnect between our costs to raise funds for SOFR as compared to LIBOR. For cash products and loans, the ARRC has also recommended Term SOFR, which is a forward looking SOFR based on SOFR futures and may in part reduce differences between SOFR and LIBOR.
Successor or replacement interest rates to LIBOR may perform differently and we may incur significant costs to transition both our borrowing arrangements and the loan agreements with our customers from LIBOR, which may have an adverse effect on our results of operations. The Company has not yet selected a replacement index, but has begun issuing loans using SOFR published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. The Company has material contracts that are indexed to LIBOR. The full impact of alternatives to LIBOR on the valuations, pricing and operation of our financial instruments is not yet known.
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Our business is subject to interest rate risk and variations in interest rates may negatively affect our financial performance.
A substantial portion of our income is derived from the differential or “spread” between the interest earned on loans, investment securities, and other interest-earning assets, and the interest paid on deposits, borrowings, and other interest-bearing liabilities. Because of the differences in the maturities and repricing characteristics of our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, changes in interest rates may not produce equivalent changes in interest income earned on interest-earning assets and interest paid on interest-bearing liabilities. Our assets and liabilities may react differently to changes in overall interest rates or conditions. Significant fluctuations in market interest rates could materially and adversely affect not only our net interest spread, but also our asset quality and loan origination volume, deposits, funding availability, and/or net income.
We may not be able to maintain our historical rate of growth or profitability, which could have a material adverse effect on our ability to successfully implement our business strategy.
Successful growth requires that we follow adequate loan underwriting standards, balance loan and deposit growth without increasing interest rate risk or compressing our net interest margin, maintain adequate capital at all times, produce investment performance results competitive with our peers and benchmarks, further diversify our revenue sources, meet the expectations of our clients and hire and retain qualified employees. If we do not manage our growth successfully, then our business, results of operations or financial condition may be adversely affected.
We may incur impairments to goodwill.
As of December 31, 2021, we had $365 million recorded as goodwill. We evaluate our goodwill for impairment at least annually. Significant negative industry or economic trends, including the lack of recovery in the market price of our common stock, or reduced future cash flows or disruptions to our business, could result in impairments to goodwill. Our valuation methodology for assessing impairment requires management to make judgments and assumptions based on historical experience and to rely on projections of future operating performance. We operate in competitive environments and projections of future operating results and cash flows may vary significantly from actual results. If our analysis results in impairment to goodwill, we would be required to record an impairment charge to earnings in our financial statements during the period in which such impairment is determined to exist. Any such change could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and stock price.
Declines in asset values may result in impairment charges and adversely impact the value of our investments and our financial performance and capital.
We hold an investment portfolio that includes, but is not limited to, government securities and agency mortgage-backed securities. Factors beyond our control can significantly influence the fair value of securities in our portfolio and can cause potential adverse changes to the fair value of these securities. These factors include, but are not limited to, rating agency actions in respect to the securities, defaults by the issuer or with respect to the underlying securities, changes in market interest rates and/or spread, and instability and other factors impacting the capital markets. Any of these factors, among others, could cause other-than-temporary impairments and realized or unrealized losses in future periods and declines in other comprehensive income (loss), which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and future prospects. The process for determining whether impairment of a security is other-than-temporary often requires complex, subjective judgments about whether there has been significant deterioration in the financial condition of the issuer, whether management has the intent or ability to hold a security for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value, the future financial performance and liquidity of the issuer and any collateral underlying the security and other relevant factors.
We invest in mortgage-backed obligations and such obligations have been, and are likely to continue to be, impacted by market dislocations, declining home values and prepayment risk, which may lead to volatility in cash flow and market risk and declines in the value of our investment portfolio.
Our investment portfolio includes mortgage-backed obligations primarily secured by pools of mortgages on single-family residences. The value of mortgage-backed obligations in our investment portfolio may fluctuate for several reasons, including (i) delinquencies and defaults on the mortgages underlying such obligations, due in part to high unemployment rates, (ii) falling home prices, (iii) lack of a liquid market for such obligations, and (iv) uncertainties
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in respect of government-sponsored enterprises such as the Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”) or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”), which guarantee such obligations. If the value of homes were to materially decline, the fair value of the mortgage-backed obligations in which we invest may also decline. Any such decline in the fair value of mortgage-backed obligations, or perceived market uncertainty about their fair value, could adversely affect our financial position and results of operations. In addition, when we acquire a mortgage-backed security, we anticipate that the underlying mortgages will prepay at a projected rate, thereby generating an expected yield. Prepayment rates generally increase as interest rates fall and decrease when rates rise, but changes in prepayment rates are difficult to predict. In light of historically low interest rates, many of our mortgage-backed securities have a higher interest rate than prevailing market rates, resulting in a premium purchase price. In accordance with applicable accounting standards, we amortize the premium over the expected life of the mortgage-backed security. If the mortgage loans securing the mortgage-backed security prepay more rapidly than anticipated, we would have to amortize the premium on an accelerated basis, which would thereby adversely affect our profitability.
Credit and Liquidity Risks
Our loan and deposit portfolios are in certain markets which could result in increased concentration risk.
A majority of our loans are to businesses and individuals in the St. Louis, Kansas City, Phoenix, Los Alamos, Albuquerque, Santa Fe, Los Angeles, San Diego, and Las Vegas metropolitan areas. These loans are funded by deposits in the same metropolitan areas. The regional economic conditions in areas where we conduct our business have an impact on the demand for our products and services as well as the ability of our clients to repay loans, the value of the collateral securing loans, and the stability of our deposit funding sources. Consequently, a decline in local economic conditions may adversely affect our earnings.
There are material risks involved in commercial lending that could adversely affect our business.
Our business plan calls for continued efforts to increase our assets invested in commercial loans. Our commercial loans include loans that are secured by real estate (commercial property, multi-family residential property, 1-4 family residential property, and construction and land). Commercial loans generally involve a higher degree of credit risk than residential mortgage loans due, in part, to their larger average size and less marketable collateral. In addition, unlike residential mortgage loans, commercial loans generally depend on the cash flow of the borrower’s business to service the debt. Adverse economic conditions or other factors affecting our target markets may have a greater adverse effect on us than on other financial institutions that have a more diversified client base. Increases in non-performing commercial loans could result in operating losses, impaired liquidity and erosion of our capital, and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Credit market tightening could adversely affect our commercial borrowers through declines in their business activities and adversely impact their overall liquidity through the diminished availability of other borrowing sources or otherwise.
Our loan portfolio includes loans secured by real estate, which could result in increased credit risk.
A portion of our portfolio is secured by real estate, and thus we face a high degree of risk from a downturn in our real estate markets. If real estate values would decline in our markets, our ability to recover on defaulted loans for which the primary reliance for repayment is on the real estate collateral by foreclosing and selling that real estate would then be diminished, and we would be more likely to suffer losses on defaulted loans.
Additionally, the state-specific foreclosure laws of the jurisdictions in which our real estate collateral is located may hinder our ability to timely or fully recover on defaulted loans secured by property in certain states. For example, some states in which our collateral is located are judicial foreclosure states. In judicial foreclosure states, all foreclosures must be processed through the court system. Due to this process, it may take up to a year or longer to foreclose on real estate collateral located in those states. Our ability to recover on defaulted loans secured by property in those states may be delayed and our recovery efforts are lengthened due to this process. In addition, other states have anti-deficiency statutes with regards to certain types of residential mortgage loans. Our ability to recover on defaulted loans secured by residential mortgages in anti-deficiency statute states may be limited to the fair value of the real estate securing the loan at the time of foreclosure.
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Our commercial and industrial loans and sponsor finance loans are underwritten based primarily on cash flow, profitability and enterprise value of the client and are not fully covered by the value of tangible assets or collateral of the client. Consequently, if any of these transactions becomes non-performing, we could experience significant losses.
Cash flow lending involves lending money to a client based primarily on the expected cash flow, profitability and enterprise value of a client, with the value of any tangible assets as secondary protection. In some cases, these loans may have more leverage than traditional bank debt. In the case of our senior cash flow loans, we generally take a lien on substantially all of a client’s assets, but the value of those assets is typically substantially less than the amount of money we advance to the client under a cash flow transaction. In addition, some of our cash flow loans may be viewed as stretch loans, meaning they may be at leverage multiples that exceed traditional accepted bank lending standards for senior cash flow loans. Thus, if a cash flow transaction becomes non-performing, our primary recourse to recover some or all of the principal of our loan or other debt product would be to force the sale of all or part of the company as a going concern. Additionally, we may obtain equity ownership in a borrower as a means to recover some or all of the principal of our loan. The risks inherent in cash flow lending include, among other things:
•reduced use of or demand for the client’s products or services and, thus, reduced cash flow of the client to service the loan and other debt product as well as reduced value of the client as a going concern;
•inability of the client to manage working capital, which could result in lower cash flow;
•inaccurate or fraudulent reporting of our client’s positions or financial statements; and
•our client’s poor management of their business.
Additionally, many of our clients use the proceeds of our cash flow transactions to make acquisitions. Poorly executed or poorly conceived acquisitions can burden management, systems and the operations of the existing business, causing a decline in both the client’s cash flow and the value of its business as a going concern. In addition, many acquisitions involve new management teams taking over day-to-day operations of a business. These new management teams may fail to execute at the same level as the former management team, which could reduce the cash flow of the client available to service the loan or other debt product, as well as reduce the value of the client as a going concern.
Widespread financial difficulties or downgrades in the financial strength or credit ratings of life insurance providers could lessen the value of the collateral securing our life insurance premium finance loans and impair our financial condition and liquidity.
One of the specialized products we offer is financing whole life insurance premiums utilized in high net worth estate planning. These loans are primarily secured by the insurance policies financed by the loans, i.e., the obligations of the life insurance providers under those policies. Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organizations (“NRSROs”) such as Standard & Poor’s, Moody’s and A.M. Best evaluate the life insurance providers that are the payors on the life insurance policies that we finance. The value of our collateral could be materially impaired in the event there are widespread financial difficulties among life insurance providers or the NRSROs downgrade the financial strength ratings or credit ratings of the life insurance providers, indicating the NRSROs’ opinion that the life insurance provider’s ability to meet policyholder obligations is impaired, or the ability of the life insurance provider to meet the terms of its debt obligations is impaired. The value of our collateral is also subject to the risk that a life insurance provider could become insolvent. In particular, if one or more large nationwide life insurance providers were to fail, the value of our portfolio could be significantly negatively impacted. A significant downgrade in the value of the collateral supporting our premium finance business could impair our ability to create liquidity for this business, which, in turn could negatively impact our ability to expand.
Our construction and land development loans are based upon estimates of costs and value associated with the completed project. These estimates may be inaccurate and we may be exposed to more losses on these projects than on other loans.
Construction, land acquisition and development lending involves additional risks because funds are advanced based upon the projected value of the project, which is inherently uncertain prior to the project’s completion. Because of the uncertainties inherent in estimating construction costs, as well as the fair value of the completed project and the effects of governmental regulation of real property and the general effects of the national and local economies, it is
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relatively difficult to evaluate accurately the total funds required to complete a project and the related loan-to-value ratio. As a result, construction loans often involve the disbursement of substantial funds with repayment dependent, in part, on the success of the ultimate project and the ability of the borrower to sell or lease the property, rather than the ability of the borrower or guarantor to repay principal and interest. If our appraisal of the value of the completed project proves to be overstated, we may have inadequate security for the repayment of the loan upon completion of construction of the project. If we are forced to foreclose on a project prior to or at completion due to a default, there can be no assurance that we will be able to recover all of the unpaid balance of, and accrued interest on, the loan or the related foreclosure, sale and holding costs. In addition, we may be required to fund additional amounts to complete the project and may have to hold the property for an unspecified period of time. If any of these events occur, our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected.
The ability of our borrowers to repay their loans may be adversely affected by an increase in market interest rates which could result in increased credit losses. These increased credit losses, where the Bank has retained credit exposure, could decrease our assets, net income and cash available.
The loans we make to our borrowers may bear interest at a variable or floating interest rate. When market interest rates increase, the amount of revenue borrowers need to service their debt also increases. Some borrowers may be unable to make their debt service payments. As a result, an increase in market interest rates will increase the risk of loan default. An increase in non-performing loans could result in a net loss of earnings from these loans, an increase in the provision for loan and covered loan losses, and an increase in loan charge-offs, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We are subject to environmental risks associated with owning real estate or collateral.
When a borrower defaults on a loan secured by real property, the Company may purchase the property in foreclosure or accept a deed to the property surrendered by the borrower. We may also take over the management of commercial properties whose owners have defaulted on loans. We may also own and lease premises where branches and other facilities are located. While we have lending, foreclosure and facilities guidelines intended to exclude properties with an unreasonable risk of contamination, hazardous substances could exist on some of the properties that the Company may own, manage or occupy. We face the risk that environmental laws could force us to clean up the properties at the Company’s expense. The cost of cleaning up or paying damages and penalties associated with environmental problems could increase our operating expenses. It may cost more to clean a property than the property is worth. We could also be liable for pollution generated by a borrower’s operations if the Company takes a role in managing those operations after a default. The Company may also find it difficult or impossible to sell these properties.
We may be obligated to indemnify certain counterparties in financing transactions we enter into pursuant to the New Markets Tax Credit Program.
We participate in and have previously been an “Allocatee” of the New Markets Tax Credit Program of the U.S. Department of the Treasury Community Development Financial Institutions Fund. Through this program, we provide our allocation to certain projects, which in turn for an equity investment from an Investor in the project generate federal tax credits to those investors. This equity, coupled with any debt or equity from the project sponsor is in turn invested in a certified community development entity for a period of at least seven years. Community development entities must use this capital to make loans to, or other investments in, qualified businesses in low-income communities in accordance with New Markets Tax Credit Program criteria. Investors receive an overall tax credit equal to 39% of their total equity investment, credited at a rate of five percent in each of the first three years and six percent in each of the final four years. However, after the exhaustion of all cure periods and remedies, the entire credit is subject to recapture if the certified community development entity fails to maintain its certified status, or if substantially all of the equity investment proceeds associated with the tax credits we allocate are no longer continuously invested in a qualified business that meets the New Markets Tax Credit Program criteria, or if the equity investment is redeemed prior to the end of the minimum seven-year term. As part of these financing transactions, we as the parent to Enterprise Financial CDE, LLC (“CDE”), provide customary indemnities to the tax credit investors, which require us to indemnify and hold harmless the investors in the event a credit recapture event occurs, unless the recapture is a result of action or inaction of the investor. No assurance can be given that these counterparties will not call upon us to discharge these obligations in the circumstances under which they are owed.
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If this were to occur, the amount we may be required to pay a bank investor could be substantial and could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
If we fail to comply with requirements of the federal New Markets Tax Credit program, the U.S. Department of the Treasury Community Development Financial Institutions Fund could seek any remedies available under its Allocation Agreement with us, and we could suffer significant reputational harm and be subject to greater scrutiny from banking regulators.
Because we have been designated as an “Allocatee” under the New Markets Tax Credit Program, we are required to provide allocation fund qualifying projects under the New Markets Tax Credit Program, and we are responsible for monitoring those projects, ensuring their ongoing compliance with the requirements of the New Markets Tax Credit Program and satisfying the various recordkeeping and reporting requirements under the New Markets Tax Credit Program. If we default in our obligations under the New Markets Tax Credit Program, the U.S. Department of the Treasury may revoke our participation in any other CDFI Fund programs, reallocate the new market tax credits that were originally allocated to us, and take any other remedial actions that it is empowered to take under the Allocation Agreement they have entered into with us with respect to the New Markets Tax Credit Program, with the full range of such remedies being unknown. If we were to default under the New Markets Tax Credit Program, we could suffer negative publicity in the communities in which we operate, and we could face greater scrutiny from federal and state bank regulators, especially with regard to our compliance with the CRA. These developments could have a material adverse impact on our reputation, business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity.
Liquidity risk could impair our ability to fund operations and meet debt coverage obligations, and jeopardize our financial condition.
Liquidity is essential to our business. We are a holding company and depend on our subsidiaries for liquidity needs, including debt coverage requirements. An inability to raise funds through deposits, borrowings, the sale of investment securities and other sources could have a substantial material adverse effect on our liquidity. Our access to funding sources in amounts that are adequate to finance our activities could be impaired by factors that affect us specifically or the financial services industry in general. Factors that could detrimentally impact our access to liquidity sources include but are not limited to a decrease in the level of our business activity due to a market downturn, our failure to remain well-capitalized, or adverse regulatory action against us. Our ability to acquire deposits or to borrow could also be impaired by factors that are not specific to us, such as a severe disruption of the financial markets or negative views and expectations about the prospects for the financial services industry as a whole.
Our utilization of brokered deposits could adversely affect our liquidity and results of operations.
Since our inception, we have utilized both brokered and non-brokered deposits as a source of funds to support our growing loan demand and other liquidity needs. As a bank regulatory supervisory matter, reliance upon brokered deposits as a significant source of funding is discouraged. Brokered deposits may not be as stable as other types of deposits, and, in the future, those depositors may not renew their deposits when they mature, or we may have to pay a higher rate of interest to keep those deposits or may have to replace them with other deposits or with funds from other sources. Additionally, if the Bank ceases to be categorized as “well-capitalized” for bank regulatory purposes, it would not be able to accept, renew or roll over brokered deposits without a waiver from the FDIC. Our inability to maintain or replace these brokered deposits as they mature could adversely affect our liquidity and results of operations. Further, paying higher interest rates to maintain or replace these deposits could adversely affect our net interest margin and results of operations.
By engaging in derivative transactions, we are exposed to additional credit and market risk in our banking business.
We use interest rate swaps to help manage our interest rate risk in our banking business from recorded financial assets and liabilities when they can be demonstrated to effectively hedge a designated asset or liability and the asset or liability exposes us to interest rate risk or risks inherent in client related derivatives. We may use other derivative financial instruments to help manage other economic risks, such as liquidity and credit risk, including exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known or uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates. We also have derivatives that result from a service we provide to
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certain qualifying clients approved through our credit process, and therefore, these derivatives are not used to manage interest rate risk in our assets or liabilities. The Company does not enter into derivative financial instruments for trading purposes. Hedging interest rate risk is a complex process, requiring sophisticated models and routine monitoring. As a result of interest rate fluctuations, hedged assets and liabilities will appreciate or depreciate in market value. The effect of this unrealized appreciation or depreciation will generally be offset by income or loss on the derivative instruments that are linked to the hedged assets and liabilities. By engaging in derivative transactions, we are exposed to credit and market risk. If the counterparty fails to perform, credit risk exists to the extent of the fair value gain in the derivative. Market risk exists to the extent that interest rates change in ways that are significantly different from what we expected when we entered into the derivative transaction. The existence of credit and market risk associated with our derivative instruments could adversely affect our net interest income and, therefore, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and future prospects.
Competitive and Reputational Risks
The loss of any of our executive officers or other key employees, or the inability to recruit highly skilled and other key employees, may adversely affect our operations.
The Company believes that its growth and continued success will depend in large part on its executive team and other key employees. The loss of any of our executive officers or other key employees, the failure to successfully transition key roles, or the inability to hire, train, retain, and manage qualified personnel, could have a material adverse effect on our business strategy, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
We face significant competition.
The financial services industry, including but not limited to, commercial banking, mortgage banking, consumer lending, and home equity lending, is highly competitive, and we encounter strong competition for deposits, loans, and other financial services in all of our market areas in each of our lines of business. Our principal competitors include other commercial banks, savings banks, savings and loan associations, mutual funds, money market funds, finance companies, trust companies, technology companies, insurers, credit unions, and mortgage companies among others. Many of our non-bank competitors are not subject to the same degree of regulation as us and have advantages over us in providing certain services. Many of our competitors are significantly larger than we are and have greater access to capital and other resources. Also, our ability to compete effectively in our business is dependent on our ability to adapt successfully to regulatory and technological changes within the banking and financial services industry, generally. If we are unable to compete effectively, we will lose market share and our income from loans and other products may diminish.
Our ability to compete successfully depends on a number of factors, including, among other things:
•the ability to develop, maintain, and build upon long-term client relationships based on top quality service and high ethical standards;
•the scope, relevance, and pricing of products and services, including technological innovations to those products and services, offered to meet client needs and demands;
•the rate at which we introduce new products and services relative to our competitors;
•client satisfaction with our level of service; and/or
•industry and general economic trends.
Failure to perform in any of these areas could significantly weaken our competitive position, and could adversely affect our growth and profitability, which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Technology is continually changing and we must effectively implement new innovations in providing services to our customers.
The financial services industry is undergoing rapid technological changes with frequent innovations in technology-driven products and services. In addition to better serving customers, the effective use of technology increases our efficiency and enables us to reduce costs. Our future success will depend, in part, upon our ability to address the needs of our customers using innovative methods, processes and technology to provide products and services that will satisfy customer demands for convenience as well as to create additional efficiencies in our operations as we
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continue to grow and expand our market areas. Many national vendors provide turn-key services to community banks, such as Internet banking and remote deposit capture, that allow smaller banks to compete with institutions that have substantially greater resources to invest in technological improvements. We may not be able, however, to effectively implement new technology-driven products and services or be successful in marketing these products and services to our customers.
Costs and levels of deposits are affected by competition that could increase our funding costs or liquidity risk.
We rely on bank deposits to be a low cost and stable source of funding. We compete with banks and other financial services companies for deposits. If our competitors raise the rates they pay on deposits, our funding costs may increase, either because we raise our rates to avoid losing deposits or because we lose deposits and must rely on more expensive sources of funding. Higher funding costs could reduce our net interest margin and net interest income and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Acquisition Risks
We have engaged in and may continue to engage in expansion through acquisitions, and these acquisitions present a number of risks related both to the acquisition transactions and to the integration of the acquired businesses.
The acquisition of other financial services companies or assets present risks to the Company in addition to those presented by the nature of the business acquired. Our earnings, financial condition, and prospects after a merger or acquisition depend in part on our ability to successfully integrate the operations of the acquired company. We may be unable to integrate operations successfully or to achieve expected results or cost savings.
Acquiring other banks or businesses involves various risks commonly associated with acquisitions, including, among other things:
◦potential exposure to unknown or contingent liabilities of the target company;
◦exposure to potential asset quality issues of the target company;
◦difficulty and expense of integrating the operations and personnel of the target company;
◦potential disruption to our business;
◦potential diversion of our management’s time and attention;
◦the possible loss of key employees and clients of the target company;
◦difficulty in estimating the value of the target company;
◦payment of a premium over book and market values that may dilute our tangible book value and earnings per share in the short- and long-term;
◦inability to realize the expected revenue increases, cost savings, increases in geographic or product presence, and/or other projected benefits; and/or
◦potential changes in banking or tax laws or regulations that may affect the target company.
We periodically evaluate merger and acquisition opportunities and conduct due diligence activities related to possible transactions with other financial institutions and financial services companies. As a result, merger or acquisition discussions and, in some cases, negotiations may take place, and future mergers or acquisitions involving cash, debt or equity securities may occur at any time. In addition to the risks noted above, potential acquisitions may incur additional costs for diligence or break-up fees, even if the transaction is not consummated.
We may be unable to successfully integrate new business lines into our existing operations.
From time to time, we may implement other new lines of business or offer new products or services within existing lines of business. There can be substantial risks and uncertainties associated with these efforts, particularly in instances where the markets are not fully developed. Although we continue to expend substantial managerial, operating and financial resources as our business grows, we may be unable to successfully continue the integration of new business lines, and price and profitability targets may not prove feasible. External factors such as compliance with regulations, competitive alternatives and shifting market preferences, may also impact the successful implementation of a new line of business or a new product or service. Furthermore, any new line of business and new product or service could have a significant impact on the effectiveness of our system of internal controls. Failure to successfully manage these risks in the development and implementation of new lines of business
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or new products or services could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
As we expand outside our current markets, we may encounter additional risks that may adversely affect us.
We are headquartered in Missouri, but have branch locations in the Kansas City, Phoenix, Los Angeles, and San Diego metropolitan areas, as well as Northern New Mexico and Nevada. Over time, we may acquire or open locations in other parts of the United States as well. In the course of these expansion activities, we may encounter significant risks, including unfamiliarity with the characteristics and business dynamics of new markets, increased marketing and administrative expenses and operational difficulties arising from our efforts to attract business in new markets, manage operations in noncontiguous geographic markets, comply with local laws and regulations and effectively and consistently manage personnel and business outside of the State of Missouri. If we are unable to manage these risks, our operations may be materially and adversely affected.
Technology and Cybersecurity Risks
A failure in or breach, or the inability to recognize a potential breach of our operational or security systems, or those of our third party service providers, including as a result of cyber-attacks, could disrupt our business, result in unintentional disclosure or misuse of confidential or proprietary information, damage our reputation, increase our costs and adversely impact our earnings.
As a financial institution, our operations rely heavily on the secure processing, storage and transmission of confidential and other information on our computer systems and networks. Any failure, interruption or breach in security or operational integrity of these systems could result in failures or disruptions in our internet banking system, treasury management products, check and document imaging, remote deposit capture systems, general ledger, and other systems. The security and integrity of our systems could be threatened by a variety of interruptions or information security breaches, including those caused by computer hacking, cyber-attacks, electronic fraudulent activity or attempted theft of financial assets. We cannot assure any such failures, interruption or security breaches will not occur, or if they do occur, that they will be adequately addressed. While we have certain protective policies and procedures in place, the nature and sophistication of the threats continue to evolve. We may be required to expend significant additional resources in the future to modify and enhance our protective measures. Additionally, we face the risk of operational disruption, failure, termination or capacity constraints of any of the third parties that facilitate our business activities, including exchanges, clearing agents, clearing houses or other financial intermediaries. Such parties could also be the source of an attack on, or breach of, our operational systems. Any failures, interruptions or security breaches in our information systems could damage our reputation, result in a loss of client business, result in a violation of privacy or other laws, or expose us to civil litigation, regulatory fines or losses not covered by insurance.
We rely on third-party vendors to provide key components of our business infrastructure.
We rely heavily on third-party service providers for much of our communications, information, operating and financial control systems technology, including relationship management, mobile banking, general ledger, investment, deposit, loan servicing and loan origination systems. While we have selected these third-party vendors carefully and perform ongoing monitoring, we do not control their actions. Any problems caused by these third parties, including as a result of inadequate or interrupted service, could adversely affect our ability to deliver products and services to our clients and otherwise conduct our business. Financial or operational difficulties of a third-party vendor could also hurt our operations if those difficulties interfere with the vendor’s ability to serve us, and replacing these third-party vendors could result in significant delay and expense. Accordingly, use of such third parties creates an unavoidable inherent risk to our business operations as well as reputational risk.
Risks Relating to Our Common Stock and Depositary Shares
The price of our common stock and depositary shares may be volatile or may decline.
The trading price of our common stock and depositary shares may fluctuate widely as a result of a number of factors, many of which are outside our control. In addition, the stock market is subject to fluctuations in the share prices and trading volumes that affect the market prices of the shares of many companies. These broad market
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fluctuations could make it more difficult for you to resell your common stock or depositary shares when you want and at prices you find attractive.
Our stock price and the price of our depositary shares can fluctuate significantly in response to a variety of factors including, among other things:
◦actual or anticipated quarterly fluctuations in our operating results and financial condition;
◦changes in revenue or earnings estimates or publication of research reports and recommendations by financial analysts;
◦failure to meet analysts’ revenue or earnings estimates;
◦speculation in the press or investment community;
◦strategic actions by us or our competitors, such as acquisitions or restructurings;
◦actions by institutional shareholders;
◦fluctuations in the stock prices and operating results of our competitors;
◦general market conditions and, in particular, developments related to market conditions for the financial services industry;
◦proposed or adopted regulatory changes or developments;
◦anticipated or pending investigations, proceedings or litigation that involve or affect us; and/or
◦domestic and international economic factors unrelated to our performance.
The stock market and, in particular, the market for financial institution stocks, has historically experienced significant volatility. As a result, the market price of our common stock and depositary shares may be volatile. In addition, the trading volume in our common stock and depositary shares may fluctuate more than usual and cause significant price variations to occur. The trading price of the shares of our common stock and our depositary shares and the value of our other securities will depend on many factors, which may change from time to time, including, without limitation, our financial condition, performance, creditworthiness and prospects, future sales of our equity or equity related securities, and other factors identified in this annual report and other reports by the Company. In some cases, the markets have produced downward pressure on stock prices and credit availability for certain issuers without regard to those issuers’ underlying financial strength or operating results. A significant decline in our stock or depositary share prices could result in substantial losses for individual shareholders and could lead to costly and disruptive securities litigation.
The trading volume in our common stock and depositary shares is less than that of other larger financial institutions.
Although our common stock and depositary shares are listed for trading on the Nasdaq Global Select Market, trading volume may be less than that of other, larger financial services companies. A public trading market having the desired characteristics of depth, liquidity and orderliness depends on the presence in the marketplace of willing buyers and sellers of our common stock or depositary shares at any given time, a factor over which we have no control. During any period of lower trading volume of our common stock or depositary shares, significant sales of shares of our common stock or depositary shares or the expectation of these sales could cause our common stock or depositary shares price to fall.
An investment in our common stock or depositary shares is not insured and you could lose the value of your entire investment.
An investment in our common stock or depositary shares is not a savings account, deposit or other obligation of our bank subsidiary, any non-bank subsidiary or any other bank, and such investment is not insured or guaranteed by the FDIC or any other governmental agency. As a result, if you acquire our common stock or depositary shares, you may lose some or all of your investment.
Our ability to pay dividends is limited by various statutes and regulations and depends primarily on the Bank’s ability to distribute funds to us and is also limited by various statutes and regulations. The Company depends on payments from the Bank, including dividends, management fees and payments under tax sharing agreements, for substantially all of the Company’s liquidity requirements. Federal and state regulations limit the amount of dividends and the amount of payments that the Bank may make to the Company under tax sharing agreements. In
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certain circumstances, the Missouri Division of Finance, FDIC, or Federal Reserve Board could restrict or prohibit the Bank from distributing dividends or making other payments to us. In the event that the Bank was restricted from paying dividends to the Company or making payments under the tax sharing agreement, the Company may not be able to service its debt, pay its other obligations or pay dividends on its common stock or preferred stock. If we are unable or determine not to pay dividends on our outstanding equity securities, the market price of such securities could be materially adversely affected.
There can be no assurance of any future dividends on our common stock or our outstanding preferred stock.
Holders of our common stock and depositary shares are entitled to receive dividends only when, as and if declared by the Board of Directors. Although we have historically paid cash dividends, we are not required to do so.
Our outstanding preferred stock and debt securities, including debt securities related to our trust preferred securities, restrict our ability to pay dividends on our capital stock.
We have outstanding preferred stock and subordinated debentures issued to statutory trust subsidiaries, which have issued and sold preferred securities in the Trusts to investors. These instruments prohibit the payment of dividends on our common stock in certain situations. See “Item 1. Business - Supervision and Regulation - Financial Holding Company - Dividend Restrictions and Share Repurchases” for additional information.
Moreover, any other financing agreements that we enter into in the future may limit our ability to pay cash dividends on our capital stock, including the common stock. In the event that our existing or future financing agreements restrict our ability to pay dividends in cash on the common stock, we may be unable to pay dividends in cash on the common stock unless we can refinance amounts outstanding under those agreements. In addition, if we are unable or determine not to pay interest on our preferred stock or subordinated debentures, the market price of our common stock could be materially or adversely affected.
Anti-takeover provisions could negatively impact our shareholders.
Provisions of Delaware law and of our certificate of incorporation, as amended, and bylaws, as well as various provisions of federal and Missouri state law applicable to bank and bank holding companies, could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire control of us or have the effect of discouraging a third party from attempting to acquire control of us. We are subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which would make it more difficult for another party to acquire us without the approval of our Board of Directors. Additionally, our certificate of incorporation, as amended, authorizes our Board of Directors to issue preferred stock which could be issued as a defensive measure in response to a takeover proposal. In the event of a proposed merger, tender offer or other attempt to gain control of the Company, our Board of Directors would have the ability to readily issue available shares of preferred stock as a method of discouraging, delaying or preventing a change in control of the Company. Such issuance could occur regardless of whether our shareholders favorably view the merger, tender offer or other attempt to gain control of the Company. These and other provisions could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us even if an acquisition might be in the best interests of our shareholders. Although we have no present intention to issue any shares of our authorized preferred stock, there can be no assurance that the Company will not do so in the future.
General Risk Factors
Climate-related Risk
Political and social attention to the issue of climate change has increased. Federal and state legislatures and regulatory agencies continue to propose and advance numerous legislative and regulatory initiatives seeking to mitigate the effects of climate change. As a financial institution, it is unclear how future government regulations and shifts in business trends resulting from increased concern about climate change will affect our operations; however, natural or man-made disasters and severe weather events may cause operational disruptions and damage to both our properties and properties securing our loans. Losses resulting from these disasters and severe weather events may make it more difficult for borrowers to timely repay their loans. If these events occur, we may experience a decrease in the value of our loan portfolio and our revenue, and may incur additional operational expenses, each of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
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With the increased importance and focus on climate change, we are making efforts to enhance our governance of climate change-related risks and integrate climate considerations into our risk governance framework. Nonetheless, the risks associated with climate change are rapidly changing and evolving in an escalating fashion, making them difficult to assess due to limited data and other uncertainties. We could experience increased expenses resulting from strategic planning, litigation, and technology and market changes, and reputational harm as a result of negative public sentiment, regulatory scrutiny, and reduced investor and stakeholder confidence due to our response to climate change and our climate change strategy, which, in turn, could have a material negative impact on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
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ITEM 1B: UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
ITEM 2: PROPERTIES
Our executive offices are located at 150 North Meramec Avenue, Clayton, Missouri, 63105. As of December 31, 2021, we had banking locations and administrative offices throughout our market areas of Arizona, California, Kansas, Missouri, Nevada, and New Mexico. Additionally, the Company has a limited network of SBA loan production offices and deposit production offices in various states. We own or lease our facilities and believe all of our properties are in good condition to meet our business needs.
ITEM 3: LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The Company and its subsidiaries are, from time to time, parties to various legal proceedings arising out of their businesses. Management believes that there are no such legal proceedings pending or threatened against the Company or its subsidiaries in the ordinary course of business, directly, indirectly, or in the aggregate that, if determined adversely, would have a material adverse effect on the business, consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows of the Company or any of its subsidiaries.
For more information on our legal proceedings, see “Item 8. Note 14 – Litigation and Other Contingencies” in this report.
ITEM 4: MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
PART II
ITEM 5: MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Market for Our Common Stock
The Company’s common stock trades on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “EFSC.” As of February 24, 2022, the Company had 1,776 registered shareholders of common stock. The number of holders of record does not represent the actual number of beneficial owners of our common stock because securities dealers and others frequently hold shares in “street name” for the benefit of individual owners who have the right to vote shares.
Dividends
The Company paid quarterly cash dividends in 2021 and 2020 and anticipates continuing to pay comparable dividends. Total dividends paid were $0.75 in 2021 and $0.72 in 2020. However, we have no obligation to pay dividends and we may change our dividend policy at any time without notice to our shareholders.
Our ability to pay dividends is substantially dependent upon the ability of our subsidiaries to pay cash dividends to us. Information on regulatory restrictions on our ability to pay dividends is set forth in “Part I, Item 1. Business - Supervision and Regulation - Financial Holding Company - Dividend Restrictions and Share Repurchases.” The amount of dividends, if any, that may be declared by the Company also depends on many other factors, including future earnings, bank regulatory capital requirements and business conditions as they affect the Company and its subsidiaries. As a result, no assurance can be given that dividends will be paid in the future with respect to our common stock.
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Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities and Use of Proceeds
None.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Period |  | Total number of shares purchased |  | Weighted-average price paid per share |  | Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs (a) |  | Maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs (a)
October 1 - 31, 2021 |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,277,951 |
November 1- 30, 2021 |  | 192,398 |  |  | 47.44 |  |  | 192,398 |  |  | 1,085,553 |
December 1- 31, 2021 |  | 385,080 |  |  | 47.76 |  |  | 385,080 |  |  | 700,473 |
Total |  | 577,478 |  |  | $ | 47.65 |  |  | 577,478 |  |  |

(a) In April 2021, the Company’s board of directors authorized the repurchase of up to two million shares of the Company’s common stock. The repurchases may be made from time to time in the open market or through privately negotiated transactions.
28

Stock Performance Graph
The following graph compares the cumulative total shareholder return on the Company’s common stock from December 31, 2016 through December 31, 2021. The graph compares the Company’s common stock with the Nasdaq Composite Index (U.S. companies) and the S&P Regional Banks Select Industry Index, which is a new index in 2021. Prior to 2021, the Company used the SNL Bank $5B-$10B Index, which has not been included in the performance graph due to its retirement in August 2021.
The graph assumes an investment of $100.00 in the Company’s common stock and each index at the respective closing price on December 31, 2016 and reinvestment of all quarterly dividends. The investment is measured as of each subsequent fiscal year end. There is no assurance that the Company’s common stock performance will continue in the future with the same or similar results as shown in the graph.

| Period Ending December 31,
Index | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021
Enterprise Financial Services Corp | $ | 100.00 |  | $ | 106.10 |  | $ | 89.28 |  | $ | 116.05 |  | $ | 86.18 |  | $ | 117.97 |
Nasdaq Composite Index | $ | 100.00 |  | $ | 129.64 |  | $ | 125.96 |  | $ | 172.18 |  | $ | 249.51 |  | $ | 304.85 |
S&P Regional Banks Select Industry Index | $ | 100.00 |  | $ | 107.95 |  | $ | 87.69 |  | $ | 111.92 |  | $ | 103.98 |  | $ | 145.47 |

*Source: S&P Global Market Intelligence. Used with permission. All rights reserved.
ITEM 6: [RESERVED]
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ITEM 7: MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Introduction
The objective of this section is to provide an overview of the results of operations and financial condition of the Company by focusing on changes in certain key measures from year to year. It should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes contained in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” and other financial data presented elsewhere in this report, particularly the information regarding the Company’s business operations described in Item 1. A detailed discussion comparing 2020 and 2019 results is incorporated herein by reference to Item 7 of the Company’s 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 19, 2021.
Executive Summary
Our Company offers a broad range of business and personal banking services including wealth management services. Lending services include commercial and industrial, commercial real estate, real estate construction and development, residential real estate, specialty, and other loans. A wide variety of deposit products and a complete suite of treasury management and international trade services complement our lending capabilities. Tax-credit brokerage activities consist of the acquisition of Federal and State tax credits and the sale of these tax credits. The Company’s results of operations are also affected by prevailing economic conditions, competition, government policies and other actions of regulatory agencies.
The Company’s financial condition, operating results and liquidity in 2020 and 2021 were impacted by COVID-19 and the monetary and fiscal policy changes enacted to address the pandemic. Starting in 2020, the Federal Reserve reduced interest rates and reserve requirements, while also increasing quantitative easing through purchases of Treasuries and agency mortgage-backed securities. The federal government’s fiscal support of the economy through the Cares Act, the ARA and other acts have been highly expansionary. Low interest rates, supply chain disruptions and monetary and fiscal policies contributed to higher inflation in 2021, leading the Federal Reserve to begin tapering its quantitative easing in November 2021.
The following table summarizes the significant components of the First Choice and Seacoast transactions at the date of acquisition. See “Item 8. Note 2 – Acquisitions” for more information.

| First Choice |  | Seacoast
($ in thousands) | July 21, 2021 |  | November 12, 2020
Loans, net | $ | 1,936,137 |  |  | $ | 1,190,441 |
Securities | 34,489 |  |  | — |
Total assets acquired | 2,248,062 |  |  | 1,312,037 |
Deposits | 1,840,429 |  |  | 1,081,006 |
Total liabilities assumed | 2,006,857 |  |  | 1,193,595 |
Consideration paid: |  |  |
Cash | $ | 2,152 |  |  | $ | 1,630 |
Common stock 1 | 343,650 |  |  | 167,035 |
Total consideration paid | $ | 345,802 |  |  | $ | 168,665 |

1 Common stock consideration for First Choice was $342,280, net of $1,370 for shares withheld on the settlement of share-based awards of First Choice employees.
30

Financial Performance Highlights
Below are highlights of our financial performance for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019.

($ in thousands, except per share data) | Year ended December 31,
2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
EARNINGS |  |  |  |  |
Total interest income | $ | 383,230 |  |  | $ | 304,779 |  |  | $ | 305,134 |
Total interest expense | 23,036 |  |  | 34,778 |  |  | 66,417 |
Net interest income | 360,194 |  |  | 270,001 |  |  | 238,717 |
Provision for credit losses | 13,385 |  |  | 65,398 |  |  | 6,372 |
Net interest income after provision for loan losses | 346,809 |  |  | 204,603 |  |  | 232,345 |
Total noninterest income | 67,743 |  |  | 54,503 |  |  | 49,176 |
Total noninterest expense | 245,919 |  |  | 167,159 |  |  | 165,485 |
Income before income tax expense | 168,633 |  |  | 91,947 |  |  | 116,036 |
Income tax expense | 35,578 |  |  | 17,563 |  |  | 23,297 |
Net income | $ | 133,055 |  |  | $ | 74,384 |  |  | $ | 92,739 |
Basic earnings per share | $ | 3.86 |  |  | $ | 2.76 |  |  | $ | 3.56 |
Diluted earnings per share | $ | 3.86 |  |  | $ | 2.76 |  |  | $ | 3.55 |
Return on average assets | 1.16 | % |  | 0.90 | % |  | 1.35 | %
Return on average common equity | 10.49 | % |  | 8.24 | % |  | 11.66 | %
Return on average tangible common equity 1 | 14.18 | % |  | 11.23 | % |  | 16.08 | %
Net interest margin (fully tax equivalent) | 3.41 | % |  | 3.56 | % |  | 3.80 | %
Efficiency ratio | 57.47 | % |  | 51.51 | % |  | 57.48 | %
Core efficiency ratio 1 | 51.61 | % |  | 50.96 | % |  | 52.36 | %
Dividend payout ratio | 19.66 | % |  | 26.61 | % |  | 17.87 | %
Book value per common share | $ | 38.53 |  |  | $ | 34.57 |  |  | $ | 32.67 |
Tangible book value per common share 1 | $ | 28.28 |  |  | $ | 25.48 |  |  | $ | 23.76 |
Average common equity to average assets | 11.14 | % |  | 10.94 | % |  | 11.54 | %
Tangible common equity to tangible assets 1 | 8.13 | % |  | 8.40 | % |  | 8.89 | %
| At or for the year ended December 31,
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
ASSET QUALITY |  |  |  |  |
Net charge-offs | $ | 11,629 |  |  | $ | 1,907 |  |  | $ | 6,410 |
Nonperforming loans | 28,024 |  |  | 38,507 |  |  | 26,425 |
Classified assets | 100,797 |  |  | 123,808 |  |  | 85,897 |
Nonperforming loans to total loans | 0.31 | % |  | 0.53 | % |  | 0.50 | %
Nonperforming assets to total assets | 0.23 | % |  | 0.45 | % |  | 0.45 | %
Allowance for loan losses to total loans | 1.61 | % |  | 1.89 | % |  | 0.81 | %
Net charge-offs to average loans | 0.14 | % |  | 0.03 | % |  | 0.13 | %

1 Non-GAAP measures. A reconciliation has been included in this MD&A section under the caption “Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”
The Company noted the following trends during 2021:
•The Company reported net income of $133.1 million, or $3.86 per diluted share for 2021, compared to $74.4 million, or $2.76 per diluted share for 2020. In addition to organic growth, contributing to the
31

increase in net income was a full year of Seacoast operations and a partial year of First Choice operations. Net income also benefited from a reduction in the provision for credit losses of $52.0 million in 2021 compared to 2020, which was partially offset by a $17.9 million increase in merger-related expenses. Acquisition related provision for credit losses of $25.4 million and $8.6 million in 2021 and 2020, respectively, were included in the provision for credit losses. This expense, commonly referred to as the “CECL double-count”, is recognized when a loan portfolio is acquired. Excluding the CECL double-count, the provision for credit losses decreased in 2021 primarily due to strong credit quality, the forward-looking CECL methodology and the improved outlook for forecasted economic factors compared to 2020.
•Net interest income for 2021 totaled $360.2 million, an increase of $90.2 million, or 33%, compared to $270.0 million for 2020. PPP interest and fee income totaled $27.3 million and $19.6 million in 2021 and 2020, respectively. The First Choice acquisition added $37.9 million and the Company benefited from a full year of Seacoast operations in 2021 compared to a partial year in 2020. Organic growth in the loan portfolio also contributed to the current year increase in net interest income.
•Net interest margin decreased 15 basis points to 3.41% during 2021, compared to 3.56% in 2020. The decrease was primarily due to an increase in liquidity from deposit growth. Average interest-bearing cash accounts of $1.1 billion had a yield of 0.14% in 2021, compared to $228.8 million at a yield of 0.27% in 2020.
•Noninterest income increased $13.2 million, or 24%, to $67.7 million in 2021 compared to $54.5 million in 2020. This improvement was primarily due to organic growth and the acquisitions of Seacoast and First Choice.
•Noninterest expenses totaled $245.9 million for 2021, an increase of $78.8 million , or 47%, compared to 2020. Seacoast and First Choice increased noninterest expense $51.2 million in 2021 compared to 2020, in addition to a $17.9 million increase in merger-related expenses year-over-year. The Company’s efficiency ratio was 57.5% in 2021, compared to 51.5% for the prior year. The increase in 2021 was primarily due to merger-related expenses. The Company’s core efficiency ratio 1 was relatively stable at 51.6% in 2021, compared to 51.0% for the prior year.
•The Company’s effective tax rate was 21.1% in 2021 compared to 19.1% in 2020. The higher rate in 2021 primarily resulted from higher pre-tax income and the Company’s expanded geographic footprint and the related state apportionment.
1 Non-GAAP measures. A reconciliation has been included in this MD&A section under the caption “Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”
2021 Significant Transactions
During 2021, we announced the following significant transactions:
•On July 21, 2021, the Company announced the completion of its acquisition of First Choice, a commercial bank based in Los Angeles, CA, with $2.3 billion in assets. The overall transaction had a value of $346 million.
•Continued supporting customers through PPP, lending an additional $341 million of PPP loans.
•The Company announced the closing of five branch locations in California and St. Louis. A lease and fixed asset impairment charge of $3.8 million was recognized, including $0.4 million reported in merger-related expenses. The Company expects to realize annual cost savings of approximately $2.3 million related to these closures.
•The Company redeemed $50.0 million of 4.75% fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes.
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•The Company issued and sold 3,000,000 depositary shares, each representing 1/40th interest in a share of 5% noncumulative, perpetual preferred stock totaling $72.0 million, net of issuance costs.
•The Company repurchased 1,299,527 of its common shares at a weighted-average share price of $46.62. At December 31, 2021, there were 700,473 shares remaining to be purchased under the existing share repurchase plan.
•Dividends paid in 2021 of $0.75 per share increased $0.03 per share, or 4%, compared to $0.72 per share in 2020.
2020 Significant Transactions
During 2020, we announced the following significant transactions:
•On November 12, 2020, the Company announced the completion of its acquisition of Seacoast which operated five full-service retail and commercial banking offices in California and Nevada as well as SBA loan production offices and deposit production offices in various states. Aggregate consideration at closing was 5.0 million shares of Company common stock to Seacoast shareholders. The overall transaction had a value of $169 million.
•Assisted new and existing customers with navigating and accessing PPP loans through the approval of approximately 3,900 loans totaling $859 million.
•In May 2020, the Company issued $63.3 million of 5.75% fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes due in 2030. The notes are callable beginning in 2025 and are included in tier 2 capital.
•The Company repurchased 456,251 of its common shares at a weighted-average share price of $33.64.
•Dividends paid in 2020 of $0.72 per share increased $0.10 per share, or 16%, compared to $0.62 per share in 2019.
33

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Net Interest Income
Average Balance Sheet
The following table presents, for the periods indicated, certain information related to our average interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, as well as, the corresponding interest rates earned and paid, all on a tax equivalent basis. Average balances are presented on a daily average basis.

| Year ended December 31,
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
($ in thousands) | Average Balance |  | Interest Income/Expense |  | Average Yield/ Rate |  | Average Balance |  | Interest Income/Expense |  | Average Yield/ Rate |  | Average Balance |  | Interest Income/Expense |  | Average Yield/ Rate
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans 1, 2 | $ | 8,055,873 |  |  | $ | 349,112 |  |  | 4.33 | % |  | $ | 6,071,496 |  |  | $ | 270,673 |  |  | 4.46 | % |  | $ | 5,018,568 |  |  | $ | 269,864 |  |  | 5.38 | %
Taxable securities | 908,189 |  |  | 19,305 |  |  | 2.13 |  |  | 1,016,100 |  |  | 25,524 |  |  | 2.51 |  |  | 1,064,913 |  |  | 30,085 |  |  | 2.83 |
Non-taxable securities 2 | 659,804 |  |  | 18,468 |  |  | 2.80 |  |  | 350,501 |  |  | 11,151 |  |  | 3.18 |  |  | 131,161 |  |  | 4,668 |  |  | 3.56 |
Total securities | 1,567,993 |  |  | 37,773 |  |  | 2.41 |  |  | 1,366,601 |  |  | 36,675 |  |  | 2.68 |  |  | 1,196,074 |  |  | 34,753 |  |  | 2.91 |
Interest-earning deposits | 1,084,853 |  |  | 1,496 |  |  | 0.14 |  |  | 228,760 |  |  | 620 |  |  | 0.27 |  |  | 107,433 |  |  | 2,128 |  |  | 1.98 |
Total interest-earning assets | 10,708,719 |  |  | 388,381 |  |  | 3.63 |  |  | 7,666,857 |  |  | 307,968 |  |  | 4.02 |  |  | 6,322,075 |  |  | 306,745 |  |  | 4.85 |
Noninterest-earning assets | 758,591 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 587,057 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 572,216 |  |  |  |  |
Total assets | $ | 11,467,310 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 8,253,914 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 6,894,291 |  |  |  |  |
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing demand accounts | $ | 2,122,752 |  |  | $ | 1,614 |  |  | 0.08 | % |  | $ | 1,494,364 |  |  | $ | 2,101 |  |  | 0.14 | % |  | $ | 1,286,641 |  |  | $ | 7,592 |  |  | 0.59 | %
Money market accounts | 2,557,836 |  |  | 4,669 |  |  | 0.18 |  |  | 1,977,826 |  |  | 7,754 |  |  | 0.39 |  |  | 1,608,349 |  |  | 26,267 |  |  | 1.63 |
Savings accounts | 724,768 |  |  | 225 |  |  | 0.03 |  |  | 589,832 |  |  | 279 |  |  | 0.05 |  |  | 489,310 |  |  | 841 |  |  | 0.17 |
Certificates of deposit | 570,496 |  |  | 4,160 |  |  | 0.73 |  |  | 676,889 |  |  | 10,915 |  |  | 1.61 |  |  | 799,079 |  |  | 15,156 |  |  | 1.90 |
Total interest-bearing deposits | 5,975,852 |  |  | 10,668 |  |  | 0.18 |  |  | 4,738,911 |  |  | 21,049 |  |  | 0.44 |  |  | 4,183,379 |  |  | 49,856 |  |  | 1.19 |
Subordinated debentures and notes | 195,686 |  |  | 10,960 |  |  | 5.60 |  |  | 179,534 |  |  | 9,885 |  |  | 5.51 |  |  | 136,950 |  |  | 7,507 |  |  | 5.48 |
FHLB advances | 59,945 |  |  | 803 |  |  | 1.34 |  |  | 241,635 |  |  | 2,673 |  |  | 1.11 |  |  | 287,474 |  |  | 6,668 |  |  | 2.32 |
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | 225,894 |  |  | 235 |  |  | 0.10 |  |  | 206,338 |  |  | 542 |  |  | 0.26 |  |  | 169,179 |  |  | 1,246 |  |  | 0.74 |
Other borrowings | 26,428 |  |  | 370 |  |  | 1.40 |  |  | 32,147 |  |  | 629 |  |  | 1.96 |  |  | 32,392 |  |  | 1,140 |  |  | 3.52 |
Total interest-bearing liabilities | 6,483,805 |  |  | 23,036 |  |  | 0.36 |  |  | 5,398,565 |  |  | 34,778 |  |  | 0.64 |  |  | 4,809,374 |  |  | 66,417 |  |  | 1.38 |
Noninterest bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Demand deposits | 3,597,204 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,854,982 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,228,832 |  |  |  |  |
Other liabilities | 109,148 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 97,492 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 60,608 |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities | 10,190,157 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7,351,039 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6,098,814 |  |  |  |  |
Shareholders' equity | 1,277,153 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 902,875 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 795,477 |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities & shareholders' equity | $ | 11,467,310 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 8,253,914 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 6,894,291 |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income |  |  | $ | 365,345 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 273,190 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 240,328 |  |  |
Net interest spread |  |  |  |  | 3.27 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 3.38 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 3.47 | %
Net interest margin (tax equivalent) |  |  |  |  | 3.41 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.56 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.80 |

1 Average balances include non-accrual loans. Interest income includes net loan fees of $28.4 million, $18.4 million, and $4.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 respectively. Loan fees in 2021 and 2020 included PPP fees of $21.7 million and $13.8 million, respectively.
2 Non-taxable income is presented on a fully tax-equivalent basis using a 25.2% tax rate in 2021 and a 24.7% tax rate in each of 2020 and 2019. The tax-equivalent adjustments were $5.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, $3.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, and $1.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2019.
34

Rate/Volume
The following table sets forth, on a tax-equivalent basis for the periods indicated, a summary of the changes in interest income and interest expense resulting from changes in yield/rates and volume.

| 2021 compared to 2020 |  | 2020 compared to 2019
| Increase (decrease) due to |  | Increase (decrease) due to
($ in thousands) | Volume 1 |  | Rate 2 |  | Net |  | Volume 1 |  | Rate 2 |  | Net
Interest earned on: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans | $ | 86,183 |  |  | $ | (7,744) |  |  | $ | 78,439 |  |  | $ | 51,290 |  |  | $ | (50,481) |  |  | $ | 809 |
Taxable securities | (2,541) |  |  | (3,678) |  |  | (6,219) |  |  | (1,334) |  |  | (3,227) |  |  | (4,561) |
Non-taxable securities 3 | 8,799 |  |  | (1,482) |  |  | 7,317 |  |  | 7,027 |  |  | (544) |  |  | 6,483 |
Interest-earning deposits | 1,313 |  |  | (437) |  |  | 876 |  |  | 1,228 |  |  | (2,736) |  |  | (1,508) |
Total interest-earning assets | 93,754 |  |  | (13,341) |  |  | 80,413 |  |  | 58,211 |  |  | (56,988) |  |  | 1,223 |
Interest paid on: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing demand accounts | $ | 689 |  |  | $ | (1,176) |  |  | $ | (487) |  |  | $ | 1,063 |  |  | $ | (6,554) |  |  | $ | (5,491) |
Money market accounts | 1,844 |  |  | (4,929) |  |  | (3,085) |  |  | 4,970 |  |  | (23,483) |  |  | (18,513) |
Savings | 55 |  |  | (109) |  |  | (54) |  |  | 145 |  |  | (707) |  |  | (562) |
Certificates of deposit | (1,506) |  |  | (5,249) |  |  | (6,755) |  |  | (2,142) |  |  | (2,099) |  |  | (4,241) |
Subordinated debentures and notes | 902 |  |  | 173 |  |  | 1,075 |  |  | 2,345 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 2,378 |
FHLB advances | (2,341) |  |  | 471 |  |  | (1,870) |  |  | (933) |  |  | (3,062) |  |  | (3,995) |
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | 47 |  |  | (354) |  |  | (307) |  |  | 229 |  |  | (933) |  |  | (704) |
Other borrowed funds | (100) |  |  | (159) |  |  | (259) |  |  | (9) |  |  | (502) |  |  | (511) |
Total interest-bearing liabilities | (410) |  |  | (11,332) |  |  | (11,742) |  |  | 5,668 |  |  | (37,307) |  |  | (31,639) |
Net interest income | $ | 94,164 |  |  | $ | (2,009) |  |  | $ | 92,155 |  |  | $ | 52,543 |  |  | $ | (19,681) |  |  | $ | 32,862 |
1 Change in volume multiplied by yield/rate of prior period.
2 Change in yield/rate multiplied by volume of prior period.
3 Nontaxable income is presented on a fully tax equivalent basis using a tax rate of 25.2% and 24.7% for 2021 and 2020, respectively.
NOTE: The change in interest due to both rate and volume has been allocated to rate and volume changes in proportion to the relationship of the absolute dollar amounts of the change in each.

Net interest income (on a tax equivalent basis) was $365.3 million for 2021, compared to $273.2 million for 2020, an increase of $92.2 million, or 34%. Total interest income increased $80.4 million and total interest expense decreased $11.7 million. The increase in net interest income in 2021 was primarily due to higher loan volumes, which benefited from the Seacoast and First Choice acquisitions, PPP loans, and a decline in the interest rate on interest-bearing liabilities.
Loans issued through the PPP bear interest at 1% and have either a two or five year maturity. As a PPP lender, the Company also receives fees for the issuance of PPP loans that vary based on the size of the loan. Interest income and loan fees included in net interest income from the PPP program totaled $27.3 million and $19.6 million in 2021 and 2020, respectively. During 2021, the Company received $14.6 million in PPP loan fees for loans originated in the year. These fees are recognized over the life of the loan, or when the loan is repaid or forgiven. At December 31, 2021, the Company has $272.0 million in PPP loans and $4.2 million in deferred fees, compared to $698.6 million in loans and $11.3 million in fees at the end of 2020.
The tax-equivalent net interest margin was 3.41% for 2021, compared to 3.56% for 2020. The primary driver of the decline in net interest margin from 2020 to 2021 was an increase in liquidity from deposit growth. Average interest-bearing cash balances grew to $1.1 billion, an increase of $856.1 million from 2020. In addition, 2021 was impacted by a full year of low interest rates following the Federal Reserve’s reduction of interest rates in 2020. The federal funds target rate declined 150 basis points in 2020 and one-month LIBOR declined over 160 basis points. The
35

decline in short-term rates reduced the yield on the Company’s variable-rate loan portfolio, as well as the yield earned on new loan production. As of December 31, 2021, variable-rate loans comprised approximately 63% of total loans. In response to the decline in interest rates, the Company proactively reduced the cost of certain managed money market and interest-bearing accounts, while also reducing certificates of deposit balances and wholesale borrowings.
Average interest-earning assets increased $3.0 billion, or 40%, to $10.7 billion for the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase was due to growth in average earning assets due to the inclusion of a full year of Seacoast operations, a partial year of First Choice operations and the previously mentioned increase in liquidity from deposit generation. Average securities represented 15% of earnings assets in 2021 and 18% in 2020. The acquisitions of Seacoast and First Choice did not include any significant investment security balances. The Company has taken a measured approach to investing excess liquidity into the investment portfolio, increasing the average balance from $1.4 billion in 2020 to $1.6 billion in 2021. Average interest-earning deposits increased from 3% to 10% of earning assets, primarily due to higher liquidity from deposit growth. Volume growth of the balance sheet drove an increase in interest income on earning assets of $93.8 million. Interest income on interest-earnings assets decreased $13.3 million primarily due the decline in interest rates in 2021 compared to 2020.
Average interest-bearing liabilities increased $1.1 billion, or 20% for the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase resulted from $1.2 billion of growth in interest-bearing deposits. While average interest-bearing liabilities increased, interest expense declined $11.7 million due to a 26 basis point decline in the cost of deposits, primarily due to the run-off of higher yielding certificates of deposit. The Company issued $63.3 million of subordinated debentures in May 2020 with an interest rate of 5.75% that was included for a full year in 2021. Partially offsetting this additional expense was the redemption of the $50.0 million subordinated debentures at 4.75% in the fourth quarter 2021. The total cost of interest-bearing liabilities declined 28 basis points, from 0.64% in 2021 to 0.36% in 2021. The shift in the mix of interest-bearing liabilities from certificates of deposit and wholesale borrowings to interest-bearing and noninterest-bearing deposits reduced interest expense in 2021 by $0.4 million. Interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities decreased $11.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 due to lower rates.
Noninterest Income
The following table presents a comparative summary of the major components of noninterest income for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2021:

| Year ended December 31, |  | Change from
($ in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2021 vs. 2020 |  | 2020 vs. 2019
Service charges on deposit accounts | $ | 15,428 |  |  | $ | 11,717 |  |  | $ | 12,801 |  |  | $ | 3,711 |  |  | $ | (1,084) |
Wealth management revenue | 10,259 |  |  | 9,732 |  |  | 9,932 |  |  | 527 |  |  | (200) |
Card services revenue | 11,880 |  |  | 9,481 |  |  | 9,154 |  |  | 2,399 |  |  | 327 |
Tax credit income | 8,028 |  |  | 6,611 |  |  | 5,393 |  |  | 1,417 |  |  | 1,218 |
Miscellaneous income | 22,148 |  |  | 16,962 |  |  | 11,896 |  |  | 5,186 |  |  | 5,066 |
Total noninterest income | $ | 67,743 |  |  | $ | 54,503 |  |  | $ | 49,176 |  |  | $ | 13,240 |  |  | $ | 5,327 |

Noninterest income increased $13.2 million, or 24%, in 2021 compared to 2020. This improvement was primarily due to a $5.4 million increase from Seacoast and First Choice, a $3.6 million increase in other income, primarily private equity and community development investments, a $2.4 million increase in card services income, and a $1.4 million increase in tax credit activity.
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Noninterest Expense
The following table presents a comparative summary of the components of noninterest expense:

| Year ended December 31, |  | Change from
($ in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2021 vs. 2020 |  | 2020 vs. 2019
Employee compensation and benefits | $ | 124,904 |  |  | $ | 92,288 |  |  | $ | 81,295 |  |  | $ | 32,616 |  |  | $ | 10,993 |
Occupancy | 16,286 |  |  | 13,457 |  |  | 12,465 |  |  | 2,829 |  |  | 992 |
Data processing | 12,242 |  |  | 9,050 |  |  | 8,242 |  |  | 3,192 |  |  | 808 |
Professional fees | 4,289 |  |  | 3,940 |  |  | 3,683 |  |  | 349 |  |  | 257 |
Branch-closure expenses | 3,441 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,441 |  |  | — |
Merger-related expenses | 22,082 |  |  | 4,174 |  |  | 17,969 |  |  | 17,908 |  |  | (13,795) |
Other expenses | 62,675 |  |  | 44,250 |  |  | 41,831 |  |  | 18,425 |  |  | 2,419 |
Total noninterest expense | $ | 245,919 |  |  | $ | 167,159 |  |  | $ | 165,485 |  |  | $ | 78,760 |  |  | $ | 1,674 |
Efficiency ratio | 57.47 | % |  | 51.51 | % |  | 57.48 | % |  | 5.96 | % |  | (5.97) | %
Core efficiency ratio 1 | 51.61 | % |  | 50.96 | % |  | 52.36 | % |  | 0.65 | % |  | (1.40) | %
1 A non-GAAP measure. A reconciliation has been included in this MD&A section under the caption “Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”

Noninterest expense increased $78.8 million, or 47%, in 2021 compared to 2020. The acquisitions of Seacoast and First Choice added $57.2 million of operating expenses in 2021, compared to $6.0 million from Seacoast in 2020. Excluding First Choice and Seacoast, employee compensation and benefits increased $7.0 million in 2021 compared to 2020, or 8%. The primary components of the increase in compensation and benefits were $2.7 million in salaries from merit increases and net new positions, $1.3 million in employee benefits, and $1.2 million in equity-based compensation.
The Company announced in the third quarter of 2021 the closure of two branch locations in St. Louis and recognized a lease and fixed asset impairment charge of $3.4 million. The branch closures became effective in January 2022. Merger related expenses of $22.1 million on the First Choice and Seacoast acquisitions, including the cost of closing three California locations, were $17.9 million higher than the $4.2 million recorded in 2020 on the Seacoast acquisition. The Company expects to realize annual cost savings of approximately $2.3 million related to these closures.
The Company did not earn a full year of operating income, or incur a full year of expense, from First Choice in 2021, but will do so in 2022. The Company does not expect to incur any additional merger expenses on First Choice or Seacoast.
The Company expects to continue to invest in its associates and other infrastructure that supports growth. In addition, low unemployment, inflationary pressures and a shift in employee work arrangements to a virtual/hybrid model are expected to impact future operating expenses.
Income Taxes
The Company’s blended federal and state tax rate is approximately 25.2% at the end of 2021, compared to 24.9% at the end of 2020. Permanent differences between pre-tax income and taxable income along with tax planning initiatives reduced the effective income tax rate in 2021 to 21.1% compared to 19.1% in 2020. The increase in the effective tax rate in 2021 was primarily due to higher pretax income in 2021 and an increase in state taxable income due to the Company’s expanded geographic footprint. Additionally, in 2020, the Company was able to carryback a net operating loss to a prior period with a higher tax rate, reducing the effective tax for that year.
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FINANCIAL CONDITION
Summary Balance Sheet

($ in thousands) | December 31, |  | % Increase (Decrease)
2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2021 vs. 2020 |  | 2020 vs. 2019
Total cash and cash equivalents | $ | 2,021,689 |  |  | $ | 537,703 |  |  | $ | 167,256 |  |  | 275.99 | % |  | 221.49 | %
Securities | 1,795,687 |  |  | 1,400,039 |  |  | 1,316,483 |  |  | 28.26 | % |  | 6.35 | %
Total loans | 9,017,642 |  |  | 7,224,935 |  |  | 5,314,337 |  |  | 24.81 | % |  | 35.95 | %
Total assets | 13,537,358 |  |  | 9,751,571 |  |  | 7,333,791 |  |  | 38.82 | % |  | 32.97 | %
Deposits | 11,343,799 |  |  | 7,985,389 |  |  | 5,771,023 |  |  | 42.06 | % |  | 38.37 | %
Total liabilities | 12,008,242 |  |  | 8,672,596 |  |  | 6,466,606 |  |  | 38.46 | % |  | 34.11 | %
Total shareholders’ equity | 1,529,116 |  |  | 1,078,975 |  |  | 867,185 |  |  | 41.72 | % |  | 24.42 | %

Assets
Loans by Type
The Company has a diversified loan portfolio, with no particular concentration of credit in any one economic sector; however, a substantial portion of the portfolio, including the C&I category, is secured by real estate. The ability of the Company’s borrowers to honor their contractual obligations is partially dependent upon the local economy and its effect on the real estate market.
The following table sets forth the composition of the Company’s loan portfolio by type of loans:

| December 31,
($ in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial | $ | 3,392,375 |  |  | $ | 3,088,995 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate - investor owned | 2,141,143 |  |  | 1,589,419 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate - owner occupied | 2,035,785 |  |  | 1,498,408 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction and land development | 734,073 |  |  | 546,686 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential real estate | 454,052 |  |  | 319,179 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other | 260,214 |  |  | 182,248 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total loans | $ | 9,017,642 |  |  | $ | 7,224,935 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| December 31,
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial | 37.6 | % |  | 42.8 | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate - investor owned | 23.8 | % |  | 22.0 | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate - owner occupied | 22.6 | % |  | 20.7 | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction and land development | 8.1 | % |  | 7.6 | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential real estate | 5.0 | % |  | 4.4 | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Other | 2.9 | % |  | 2.5 | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Total loans | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  |  |  |  |  |

C&I loans are made based on the borrower’s ability to generate cash flows for repayment from income sources, general credit strength, experience, and character, even though such loans may also be secured by real estate or other assets. The credit risk related to commercial loans is largely influenced by general economic conditions and the resulting impact on a borrower’s operations. PPP loans of $272.0 million and $698.6 million were included in C&I loans in the tables above at the end of 2021 and 2020, respectively.
The Company continues to focus on originating high-quality C&I relationships as they typically have variable interest rates and allow for cross selling opportunities involving other banking products. C&I loan growth also
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supports our efforts to maintain the Company’s asset-sensitive interest rate risk position. Additionally, our specialized products, especially sponsor finance, life insurance premium financing, and tax credit financing/lending, consist of primarily C&I loans, and have contributed significantly to the Company’s C&I loan growth. These loans are sourced through relationships developed with wealth and estate planning firms and private equity funds and are not bound geographically by our markets. As a result, these specialized loan products offer opportunities to expand and diversify our overall geographic concentration by entering into new markets.
Real estate loans place an emphasis on the estimated cash flows from the operation of the property and/or the underlying collateral value.
•Our commercial real estate loans, including investor-owned and owner-occupied categories, primarily represent multifamily and other commercial property loans on which the primary source of repayment is income from the property. These loans are principally underwritten based on the cash flow coverage of the property, the Company’s loan to value guidelines, and generally require either the limited or full guaranty of principal sponsors of the credit. Commercial real estate loans also represent owner-occupied C&I loans for which the primary source of repayment is dependent on sources other than the underlying collateral.
•Construction and land development loans relating primarily to residential and commercial properties, represent financing secured by real estate under development for eventual sale or undeveloped ground. At December 31, 2021, $289.8 million of these loans include the use of interest reserves and follow standard underwriting guidelines. Construction projects are monitored by the loan officer and a centralized independent loan disbursement function is employed.
•Residential real estate loans include residential mortgages, which are loans that, due to size or other attributes, do not qualify for conventional home mortgages available-for-sale in the secondary market, second mortgages and home equity lines. Residential mortgage loans are usually limited to a maximum of 80% of collateral value at origination.
Other loans represent loans to individuals, loans to state and political subdivisions, loans to nondepository financial institutions, and loans to purchase or are fully secured by investment securities. Credit risk is managed by thoroughly reviewing the creditworthiness of the borrowers prior to origination and thereafter.
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The following table presents a breakdown of loans by NAICS code at December 31, 2021 and 2020:

| December 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
($ in thousands) | Outstanding Balance |  | % |  | Outstanding Balance |  | %
Accomodation and Food Services | $ | 785,485 |  |  | 9 | % |  | $ | 577,026 |  |  | 8 | %
Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services | 176,601 |  | 2 | % |  | 167,023 |  | 2 | %
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting 1 | 195,342 |  | 2 | % |  | 207,335 |  | 3 | %
Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation | 120,805 |  | 1 | % |  | 110,422 |  | 2 | %
Construction | 580,731 |  | 6 | % |  | 451,050 |  | 6 | %
Educational Services | 52,034 |  | 1 | % |  | 53,708 |  | 1 | %
Finance and Insurance | 1,344,389 |  | 15 | % |  | 1,057,888 |  | 15 | %
Health Care and Social Assistance | 372,109 |  | 4 | % |  | 320,556 |  | 4 | %
Information | 64,686 |  | 1 | % |  | 53,696 |  | 1 | %
Management of Companies and Enterprises | 84,110 |  | 1 | % |  | 54,563 |  | 1 | %
Manufacturing | 613,725 |  | 7 | % |  | 590,652 |  | 8 | %
Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction | 9,771 |  | — | % |  | 3,375 |  | — | %
Other Services (except Public Administration) | 593,149 |  | 7 | % |  | 509,006 |  | 7 | %
Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services | 329,009 |  | 4 | % |  | 304,701 |  | 4 | %
Public Administration | 11,358 |  | — | % |  | 13,811 |  | — | %
Real Estate and Rental and Leasing | 2,462,088 |  | 27 | % |  | 1,722,630 |  | 24 | %
Retail Trade | 460,763 |  | 5 | % |  | 398,251 |  | 6 | %
Transportation and Warehousing | 214,132 |  | 2 | % |  | 151,273 |  | 2 | %
Utilities | 25,393 |  | — | % |  | 19,321 |  | — | %
Wholesale Trade | 445,771 |  | 5 | % |  | 360,630 |  | 5 | %
Other | 76,191 |  | 1 | % |  | 98,018 |  | 1 | %
Total Loans | $ | 9,017,642 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 7,224,935 |  |  | 100 | %
1 Includes $95.5 million in animal production and $92.1 million in crop production at December 31, 2021. |  |

The following table presents a breakdown of commercial & industrial loans by size at December 31, 2021.

($ in thousands) | Number of Loans |  | Outstanding Balance |  | Average Balance
<$2 million | 3,326 |  |  | $ | 921,537 |  |  | $ | 277 |
$2-5 million | 289 |  |  | 915,656 |  |  | 3,168 |
$5-10 million | 92 |  |  | 627,728 |  |  | 6,823 |
>$10 million | 60 |  |  | 927,454 |  |  | 15,458 |
Total | 3,767 |  |  | $ | 3,392,375 |  |  | $ | 901 |

The following table presents a breakdown of commercial real estate loans by size at December 31, 2021.

($ in thousands) | Number of Loans |  | Outstanding Balance |  | Average Balance
<$2 million | 3,300 |  |  | $ | 1,840,760 |  |  | $ | 558 |
$2-5 million | 383 |  |  | 1,184,292 |  |  | 3,092 |
$5-10 million | 90 |  |  | 626,733 |  |  | 6,964 |
>$10 million | 34 |  |  | 525,143 |  |  | 15,445 |
Total | 3,807 |  |  | $ | 4,176,928 |  |  | $ | 1,097 |

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The following table presents a breakdown of construction loans by size at December 31, 2021.

($ in thousands) | Number of Loans |  | Outstanding Balance |  | Average Balance
<$2 million | 539 |  |  | $ | 212,129 |  |  | $ | 394 |
$2-5 million | 63 |  |  | 200,775 |  |  | 3,187 |
$5-10 million | 30 |  |  | 206,262 |  |  | 6,875 |
>$10 million | 8 |  |  | 114,907 |  |  | 14,363 |
Total | 640 |  |  | $ | 734,073 |  |  | $ | 1,147 |

The following table presents a breakdown of residential loans by size at December 31, 2021.

($ in thousands) | Number of Loans |  | Outstanding Balance |  | Average Balance
<$2 million | 2,457 |  |  | $ | 304,224 |  |  | $ | 124 |
$2-5 million | 27 |  |  | 83,666 |  |  | 3,099 |
$5-10 million | 8 |  |  | 54,019 |  |  | 6,752 |
>$10 million | 1 |  |  | 12,143 |  |  | 12,143 |
Total | 2,493 |  |  | $ | 454,052 |  |  | $ | 182 |

The following table presents a breakdown of other loans by size at December 31, 2021.

($ in thousands) | Number of Loans |  | Outstanding Balance |  | Average Balance
<$2 million | 1,415 |  |  | $ | 154,663 |  |  | $ | 109 |
$2-5 million | 16 |  |  | 43,306 |  |  | 2,707 |
$5-10 million | 7 |  |  | 41,262 |  |  | 5,895 |
>$10 million | 2 |  |  | 20,983 |  |  | 10,491 |
Total | 1,440 |  |  | $ | 260,214 |  |  | $ | 181 |

The following table presents a breakdown of total loans by geographic region at December 31, 2021:

($ in thousands) | December 31, 2021 |  |
St. Louis | $ | 2,153,749 |  |  |
Kansas City | 785,342 |  |  |
Arizona | 545,362 |  |  |
New Mexico | 538,981 |  |  |
California | 1,715,978 |  |  |
Specialty, PPP and Other loans | 3,278,230 |  |  |
Total | $ | 9,017,642 |  |  |

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The following table illustrates selected specialty lending detail, at December 31, 2021 and 2020:

| December 31, |  |  |  |  |  | First Choice Acquired Loans
($ in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | Change |  | % Change |  | at 12/31/21
C&I | $ | 1,538,155 |  |  | $ | 1,103,060 |  |  | $ | 435,095 |  |  | 39.4 | % |  | $ | 298,545 |
CRE investor owned | 1,955,087 |  |  | 1,420,905 |  |  | 534,182 |  |  | 37.6 | % |  | 553,986 |
CRE owner occupied | 1,112,463 |  |  | 825,846 |  |  | 286,617 |  |  | 34.7 | % |  | 290,876 |
SBA loans | 1,241,449 |  |  | 895,930 |  |  | 345,519 |  |  | 38.6 | % |  | 164,094 |
Sponsor finance | 508,469 |  |  | 396,487 |  |  | 111,982 |  |  | 28.2 | % |  | — |
Life insurance premium financing | 593,562 |  |  | 534,092 |  |  | 59,470 |  |  | 11.1 | % |  | — |
Tax credits | 486,881 |  |  | 382,602 |  |  | 104,279 |  |  | 27.3 | % |  | — |
SBA PPP loans | 271,958 |  |  | 698,645 |  |  | (426,687) |  |  | (61.1) | % |  | 149,334 |
Residential real estate | 430,985 |  |  | 318,091 |  |  | 112,894 |  |  | 35.5 | % |  | 151,970 |
Construction and land development | 625,526 |  |  | 474,399 |  |  | 151,127 |  |  | 31.9 | % |  | 173,969 |
Other | 253,107 |  |  | 174,878 |  |  | 78,229 |  |  | 44.7 | % |  | 32,351 |
Total Loans | $ | 9,017,642 |  |  | $ | 7,224,935 |  |  | $ | 1,792,707 |  |  | 24.8 | % |  | $ | 1,815,125 |

The sponsor finance portfolio is primarily comprised of loans in the manufacturing and wholesale trade sectors. It includes mid-market company mergers and acquisitions, targeted private equity firms, principally SBICs, and senior debt financing to portfolio companies.
The life insurance premium financing category specializes in financing whole life insurance premiums utilized in high net worth estate planning, through relationships with boutique estate planners throughout the United States.
The tax credit portfolio includes tax credit-related lending on affordable housing projects funded through the use of
federal and state low income housing tax credits. In addition, we provide leveraged and other loans on projects funded through the CDFI New Markets Tax Credit Program. This portfolio also includes tax credit brokerage through 10-year streams of Missouri state tax credits from affordable housing development funds. The tax credits are sold to clients and other individuals for tax planning purposes.
SBA 7(a) loans are primarily owner-occupied, commercial real estate loans secured by a 1st lien. These loans predominantly have a 75% portion guaranteed by the SBA.
SBA PPP loans originated in 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and are guaranteed by the SBA. The loans may be forgivable by the SBA if certain requirements are met.

Significant loan concentrations are considered to exist for a financial institution when there are amounts loaned to numerous borrowers engaged in similar activities that would cause them to be similarly impacted by economic or other conditions. At December 31, 2021, no significant concentrations exceeding 10% of total loans existed in the Company’s loan portfolio, except as described above.
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The following table presents the maturity distribution of loans at December 31, 2021 categorized by fixed or variable interest rates, net of unearned loan fees:

($ in thousands) | Due in One Year or Less (1) |  | After One Through Five Years |  | After Five Through Fifteen Years |  | After Fifteen Years |  | Total |  | Percent of Total Loans
Fixed Rate Loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial | $ | 135,942 |  |  | $ | 549,283 |  |  | $ | 278,445 |  |  | $ | 15,871 |  |  | $ | 979,541 |  |  | 11 | %
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | 159,983 |  |  | 1,240,531 |  |  | 374,708 |  |  | 24,532 |  |  | 1,799,754 |  |  | 20 | %
Construction and land development | 57,205 |  |  | 143,742 |  |  | 9,336 |  |  | 89 |  |  | 210,372 |  |  | 2 | %
Residential | 24,272 |  |  | 75,214 |  |  | 13,377 |  |  | 31,750 |  |  | 144,613 |  |  | 2 | %
Other | 4,018 |  |  | 9,019 |  |  | 70,578 |  |  | 114,154 |  |  | 197,769 |  |  | 2 | %
Total | $ | 381,420 |  |  | $ | 2,017,789 |  |  | $ | 746,444 |  |  | $ | 186,396 |  |  | $ | 3,332,049 |  |  | 37 | %
Variable Rate Loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial | $ | 976,252 |  |  | $ | 1,217,215 |  |  | $ | 206,655 |  |  | $ | 12,712 |  |  | $ | 2,412,834 |  |  | 27 | %
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | 191,202 |  |  | 414,017 |  |  | 450,615 |  |  | 1,321,340 |  |  | 2,377,174 |  |  | 26 | %
Construction and land development | 164,306 |  |  | 171,528 |  |  | 95,703 |  |  | 92,164 |  |  | 523,701 |  |  | 6 | %
Residential | 32,458 |  |  | 36,302 |  |  | 76,791 |  |  | 163,888 |  |  | 309,439 |  |  | 3 | %
Other | 9,913 |  |  | 12,726 |  |  | 39,676 |  |  | 130 |  |  | 62,445 |  |  | 1 | %
Total | $ | 1,374,131 |  |  | $ | 1,851,788 |  |  | $ | 869,440 |  |  | $ | 1,590,234 |  |  | $ | 5,685,593 |  |  | 63 | %
Total Loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial | $ | 1,112,194 |  |  | $ | 1,766,498 |  |  | $ | 485,100 |  |  | $ | 28,583 |  |  | $ | 3,392,375 |  |  | 38 | %
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | 351,185 |  |  | 1,654,548 |  |  | 825,323 |  |  | 1,345,872 |  |  | 4,176,928 |  |  | 46 | %
Construction and land development | 221,511 |  |  | 315,270 |  |  | 105,039 |  |  | 92,253 |  |  | 734,073 |  |  | 8 | %
Residential | 56,730 |  |  | 111,516 |  |  | 90,168 |  |  | 195,638 |  |  | 454,052 |  |  | 5 | %
Other | 13,931 |  |  | 21,745 |  |  | 110,254 |  |  | 114,284 |  |  | 260,214 |  |  | 3 | %
Total | $ | 1,755,551 |  |  | $ | 3,869,577 |  |  | $ | 1,615,884 |  |  | $ | 1,776,630 |  |  | $ | 9,017,642 |  |  | 100 | %

(1) Includes loans with no stated maturity and overdraft lines of credit.
The majority of variable loans are based on the prime rate or LIBOR. At December 31, 2021, $3.2 billion or 57% of variable rate loans were subject to an interest rate floor. Most loan originations have one-to three-year maturities. Management monitors this mix as part of its interest rate risk management. See “Interest Rate Risk” of this MD&A section.
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Provision and Allowance for Credit Losses
The adoption of CECL on January 1, 2020 increased the ACL on loans by $28.4 million, or 65%, and the allowance for unfunded commitments by $2.4 million as compared to 2019. These increases were offset in retained earnings and did not impact the consolidated statement of operations.

The provision for credit losses, which includes a provision for losses on unfunded commitments, is a charge to earnings to maintain the ACL at a level consistent with management’s assessment of expected losses in the loan portfolio at the balance sheet date. The Company also records reversals of interest on nonaccrual loans and interest recoveries directly through the provision of credit losses. CECL requires economic forecasts to be factored into determining estimated losses. As a result, CECL will typically require a higher level of provision at the start of an economic downturn. The decrease in the provision for credit losses in 2021 was primarily due to a change in economic forecasts, which has significantly improved since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020. Two of the primary economic loss drivers used in estimating the ACL include the percentage change in GDP and unemployment. At December 31, 2021, the Company’s forecast of the percentage change in GDP included a range of (2.2)% to 6.7% and the percentage change in unemployment included a range of 3.0% to 8.7%. At the beginning of the pandemic at March 2020, the forecast of the percentage change in GDP included a range of (9.6)% to 2.1% and the percentage change in unemployment included a range of 6.0% to 13.0%. The Company utilizes a one-year reasonable and supportable forecast and a one-year reversion period.
In the acquisition of First Choice, we recognized an allowance of $7.6 million on PCD loans and an allowance of $23.9 million on non-PCD loans. Similarly, in the acquisition of Seacoast we recognized an allowance of $3.5 million on PCD loans and $8.6 million on non-PCD loans. Pursuant to the CECL accounting methodology, the allowance on PCD loans is recorded as part of the acquired loan portfolio. The allowance on non-PCD loans is established through a charge to the provision for credit losses in the post-combination financial statements.
To the extent the Company does not recognize charge-offs and economic forecasts improve in future periods, the Company could recognize a reversal of provision for credit losses. Conversely, if economic conditions and the Company’s forecast worsens, the Company could recognize elevated levels of provision for credit losses. The provision is also reflective of charge-offs in the period.
The following table presents the components of the provision for credit losses for the periods indicated:

|  |  | December 31,
(in thousands) |  |  |  |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Provision (benefit) for loan losses |  |  |  |  | $ | (10,911) |  |  | $ | 54,822 |
Provision on acquired loans |  |  |  |  | 23,904 |  |  | 8,557 |
Provision for off-balance sheet commitments 1 |  |  |  |  | 1,911 |  |  | 2,877 |
Provision for held-to-maturity securities |  |  |  |  | 165 |  |  | 147 |
Recovery of accrued interest |  |  |  |  | (1,684) |  |  | (1,005) |
Provision for credit losses |  |  |  |  | $ | 13,385 |  |  | $ | 65,398 |

1 2021 includes $1.5 million as part of the First Choice acquired commitments.
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The following table is a summary of the allocation of the allowance for credit losses for the periods indicated:

| December 31,
($ in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at End of Period Applicable to: | Amount | Percent of loans in each category to total loans |  | Amount | Percent of loans in each category to total loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial | $ | 63,825 |  | 37.6 | % |  | $ | 58,812 |  | 42.8 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | 53,437 |  | 46.3 | % |  | 49,074 |  | 42.7 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction and land development | 14,536 |  | 8.1 | % |  | 21,413 |  | 7.6 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential | 7,927 |  | 5.1 | % |  | 4,585 |  | 4.4 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other | 5,316 |  | 2.9 | % |  | 2,787 |  | 2.5 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total allowance | $ | 145,041 |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 136,671 |  | 100.0 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

The allowance for credit losses was 1.61% of total loans at December 31, 2021, compared to 1.89%, and 0.81%, at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The decline in the allowance to total loans ratio in 2021 was primarily due to the comparatively lower ACL on the First Choice loan portfolio, net loan charge-offs of $11.6 million, improved credit metrics, and continued improvement in economic forecasts. The increase in the ratio in 2020 compared to 2019 was due to the adoption of CECL and higher provision expense due to the pandemic, partially offset by the acquisition of Seacoast and PPP loans which included $1.3 billion in government-guaranteed loans with no allowance.
The following table is a summary of net charge-offs (recoveries) to average loans for the periods indicated:

| December 31,
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |
($ in thousands) | Net Charge-offs (Recoveries) | Average Loans(1) | Net Charge-offs (Recoveries)/Average Loans |  | Net Charge-offs (Recoveries) | Average Loans(1) | Net Charge-offs (Recoveries)/Average Loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial | $ | 10,425 |  | $ | 3,195,017 |  | 0.33 | % |  | $ | 3,533 |  | $ | 2,917,784 |  | 0.12 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | 810 |  | 3,586,773 |  | 0.02 | % |  | (2,607) |  | 2,179,246 |  | (0.12) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction and land development | (451) |  | 673,646 |  | (0.07) | % |  | (136) |  | 483,835 |  | (0.03) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential | 558 |  | 396,777 |  | 0.14 | % |  | 842 |  | 337,759 |  | 0.25 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other | 287 |  | 197,172 |  | 0.15 | % |  | 275 |  | 142,312 |  | 0.19 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total | $ | 11,629 |  | $ | 8,049,385 |  | 0.14 | % |  | $ | 1,907 |  | $ | 6,060,936 |  | 0.03 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

(1) Excludes loans held for sale.
See “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” of this MD&A section for more information on the allowance for credit losses methodology.
Nonperforming loans and assets
See “Item 8. Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for more information on impaired loans and other real estate.
45

The following table presents the categories of nonperforming assets, excluding government guaranteed portions:

| December 31,
($ in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-accrual loans | $ | 23,449 |  |  | $ | 34,818 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest | 1,716 |  |  | 130 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Restructured loans | 2,859 |  |  | 3,559 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total nonperforming loans | 28,024 |  |  | 38,507 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other real estate | 3,493 |  |  | 5,330 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total nonperforming assets | $ | 31,517 |  |  | $ | 43,837 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total assets | $ | 13,537,358 |  |  | $ | 9,751,571 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total loans | 9,017,642 |  |  | 7,224,935 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total allowance for credit losses | 145,041 |  |  | 136,671 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for credit losses to nonaccrual loans | 619 | % |  | 393 | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for credit losses to nonperforming loans | 518 | % |  | 355 | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for credit losses to total loans | 1.61 | % |  | 1.89 | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Nonaccrual loans to total loans | 0.26 | % |  | 0.48 | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Nonperforming loans to total loans | 0.31 | % |  | 0.53 | % |  |  |  |  |  |
Nonperforming assets to total assets | 0.23 | % |  | 0.45 | % |  |  |  |  |  |

Nonperforming loans based on loan type were as follows:

($ in thousands) | December 31, 2021 |  | Number of loans |  | December 31, 2020 |  | Number of loans
Commercial and industrial | $ | 21,538 |  |  | 77 | % |  | 34 |  |  | $ | 21,770 |  |  | 57 | % |  | 21 |
Commercial real estate | 4,414 |  |  | 16 | % |  | 14 |  |  | 12,519 |  |  | 32 | % |  | 27 |
Residential real estate | 2,048 |  |  | 7 | % |  | 12 |  |  | 4,189 |  |  | 11 | % |  | 3 |
Other | 24 |  |  | — | % |  | 4 |  |  | 29 |  |  | — | % |  | 33 |
Total | $ | 28,024 |  |  | 100 | % |  | 64 |  |  | $ | 38,507 |  |  | 100 | % |  | 84 |

The following table summarizes the changes in nonperforming loans:

| Year ended December 31,
($ in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020
Nonperforming loans, beginning of period | $ | 38,507 |  |  | $ | 26,425 |
Additions to nonaccrual loans | 43,350 |  |  | 30,424 |
Charge-offs | (17,185) |  |  | (6,739) |
Principal payments | (36,648) |  |  | (18,385) |
Nonperforming loans, end of period | $ | 28,024 |  |  | $ | 38,507 |

Nonperforming loans at December 31, 2021 decreased $10.5 million, or 27%, when compared to December 31, 2020. The decrease in nonperforming loans during 2021 was primarily from principal payments of $36.6 million and charge-offs of $17.2 million.
The Company implemented several loan programs to assist its customers impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, including providing short-term payment deferrals, primarily for 90 days or less. As of December 31, 2021, substantially all of these loans have returned to a paying status.
46

Other real estate
Other real estate at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 was $3.5 million and $5.3 million, respectively.
The following table summarizes the changes in other real estate:

| Year ended December 31,
($ in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020
Other real estate, beginning of period | $ | 5,330 |  |  | $ | 6,344 |
Additions | 3,175 |  |  | 756 |
Writedowns in value | (29) |  |  | (1,104) |
Sales | (4,983) |  |  | (666) |
Other real estate, end of period | $ | 3,493 |  |  | $ | 5,330 |

Writedowns in fair value were recorded in loan, legal, and other real estate expense.
Investments
At December 31, 2021, our portfolio of investment securities was $1.8 billion, or 13%, of total assets, compared to $1.4 million, or 14%, of total assets as of December 31, 2020. The portfolio is comprised of both available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities.
The table below sets forth the carrying value of investment securities held by the Company:

| December 31,
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  |
($ in thousands) | Amount |  | % |  | Amount |  | % |  |  |  |
Obligations of U.S. Government sponsored enterprises | $ | 173,511 |  |  | 9.6 | % |  | $ | 15,161 |  |  | 1.1 | % |  |  |  |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 811,463 |  |  | 45.2 | % |  | 592,556 |  |  | 42.3 | % |  |  |  |
Agency mortgage-backed securities | 581,964 |  |  | 32.4 | % |  | 639,314 |  |  | 45.7 | % |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury Bills | 91,170 |  |  | 5.1 | % |  | 11,466 |  |  | 0.8 | % |  |  |  |
Corporate debt securities | 138,193 |  |  | 7.7 | % |  | 141,991 |  |  | 10.1 | % |  |  |  |
Total | $ | 1,796,301 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 1,400,488 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  |  |

The allowance for credit losses on held-to-maturity debt securities was $0.6 million and $0.4 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company had no debt securities classified as trading at December 31, 2021, or 2020.
The following table summarizes expected maturity and tax-equivalent yield information on the investment portfolio at December 31, 2021:

| Within 1 year |  | 1 to 5 years |  | 5 to 10 years |  | Over 10 years |  |  |  | Total
($ in thousands) | Amount | Yield |  | Amount | Yield |  | Amount | Yield |  | Amount | Yield |  |  |  |  | Amount | Yield
Obligations of U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises | $ | — |  | — | % |  | $ | 142,292 |  | 1.03 | % |  | $ | 19,292 |  | 1.5 | % |  | $ | 11,927 |  | 2.36 | % |  |  |  |  | $ | 173,511 |  | 1.18 | %
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 1,048 |  | 4.39 | % |  | 22,870 |  | 2.35 | % |  | 39,607 |  | 2.88 | % |  | 747,938 |  | 2.71 | % |  |  |  |  | 811,463 |  | 2.71 | %
Agency mortgage-backed securities | 22,541 |  | 2.97 | % |  | 335,215 |  | 2.83 | % |  | 205,739 |  | 1.68 | % |  | 18,469 |  | 1.91 | % |  |  |  |  | 581,964 |  | 2.40 | %
U.S. Treasury Bills | 80,961 |  | 0.07 | % |  | 10,209 |  | 2.47 | % |  | — |  | — | % |  | — |  | — | % |  |  |  |  | 91,170 |  | 0.34 | %
Corporate debt securities | — |  | — | % |  | 5,181 |  | 3.28 | % |  | 133,012 |  | 3.37 | % |  | — |  | — | % |  |  |  |  | 138,193 |  | 3.37 | %
Total | $ | 104,550 |  | 0.74 | % |  | $ | 515,767 |  | 2.31 | % |  | $ | 397,650 |  | 2.36 | % |  | $ | 778,334 |  | 2.69 | % |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,796,301 |  | 2.39 | %

Yields on tax-exempt securities are computed on a taxable equivalent basis using a tax rate of 25.2%. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities, as borrowers may have the right to call or repay obligations with or without prepayment penalties.
47

Other investments primarily consist of the FHLB capital stock, common stock investments related to our trust preferred securities, community development funds, and other investments in private equity funds, primarily SBICs.

| December 31,
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  |
($ in thousands) | Amount |  | % |  | Amount |  | % |  |  |  |
FHLB capital stock | $ | 12,075 |  |  | 20.2 | % |  | $ | 10,774 |  |  | 22.1 | % |  |  |  |
Other investments | 47,821 |  |  | 79.8 | % |  | 37,991 |  |  | 77.9 | % |  |  |  |
Total | $ | 59,896 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 48,765 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  |  |

The following table summarizes expected maturity and tax-equivalent yield information on other investments at December 31, 2021:

| No Stated Maturity
($ in thousands) | Amount |  | Yield
FHLB capital stock | $ | 12,075 |  |  | 4.13 | %
Other investments | 47,821 |  |  | 1.78 | %
Total | $ | 59,896 |  |  | 2.25 | %

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Deposits
The following table shows the breakdown of the Company’s deposits by type:

| Years ended December 31, |  | % Increase (decrease)
($ in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  |  |  | 2021 vs. 2020 |  |
Noninterest-bearing demand accounts | $ | 4,578,436 |  |  | $ | 2,711,828 |  |  |  |  | 68.8 | % |  |
Interest-bearing demand accounts | 2,465,884 |  |  | 1,768,497 |  |  |  |  | 39.4 | % |  |
Money market accounts | 2,890,976 |  |  | 2,327,066 |  |  |  |  | 24.2 | % |  |
Savings accounts | 800,210 |  |  | 627,903 |  |  |  |  | 27.4 | % |  |
Certificates of deposit: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Brokered | 128,970 |  |  | 50,209 |  |  |  |  | 156.9 | % |  |
Other | 479,323 |  |  | 499,886 |  |  |  |  | (4.1) | % |  |
Total deposits | $ | 11,343,799 |  |  | $ | 7,985,389 |  |  |  |  | 42.1 | % |  |
Noninterest-bearing deposits / Total deposits | 40 | % |  | 34 | % |  |  |  |  |  |

The following table shows the average balance and average rate of the Company’s deposits by type:

| Years ended December 31,
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
($ in thousands) | Average Balance |  | Average Rate Paid |  | Average Balance |  | Average Rate Paid |  | Average Balance |  | Average Rate Paid
Noninterest-bearing deposit accounts | $ | 3,597,204 |  |  | — | % |  | $ | 1,854,982 |  |  | — | % |  | $ | 1,228,832 |  |  | — | %
Interest-bearing demand accounts | 2,122,752 |  |  | 0.08 | % |  | 1,494,364 |  |  | 0.14 | % |  | 1,286,641 |  |  | 0.59 | %
Money market accounts | 2,557,836 |  |  | 0.18 |  |  | 1,977,826 |  |  | 0.39 |  |  | 1,608,349 |  |  | 1.63 |
Savings accounts | 724,768 |  |  | 0.03 |  |  | 589,832 |  |  | 0.05 |  |  | 489,310 |  |  | 0.17 |
Certificates of deposit | 570,496 |  |  | 0.73 |  |  | 676,889 |  |  | 1.61 |  |  | 799,079 |  |  | 1.90 |
Total interest-bearing deposits | $ | 5,975,852 |  |  | 0.18 |  |  | $ | 4,738,911 |  |  | 0.44 |  |  | $ | 4,183,379 |  |  | 1.19 |
Total average deposits | $ | 9,573,056 |  |  | 0.11 |  |  | $ | 6,593,893 |  |  | 0.32 |  |  | $ | 5,412,211 |  |  | 0.92 |

Average total deposits were $9.6 billion for the year ended December 31, 2021, an increase of $3.0 billion, or 45%, from December 31, 2020. The increase in 2021 was primarily due to the First Choice and Seacoast acquisitions and the high level of liquidity in the economy. The increase in 2020 was primarily due to the Seacoast acquisition and PPP loan fundings.
The following table sets forth the maturities of estimated uninsured certificates of deposit as of December 31, 2021:

($ in thousands) | Total
Three months or less | $ | 15,074 |
Over three through six months | 9,098 |
Over six through twelve months | 47,855 |
Over twelve months | 21,645 |
Total | $ | 93,672 |

As of December 31, 2021, estimated uninsured deposits totaled $5.9 billion, including $93.7 million of certificates of deposit. At December 31, 2020, estimated uninsured deposits totaled $3.3 billion.
49

Shareholders’ equity
Shareholders’ equity totaled $1.5 billion at December 31, 2021, an increase of $450.1 million, or 42%, from December 31, 2020.
Significant activity during the year ended December 31, 2021 included the following:
•increase from the issuance of approximately 7.8 million shares of common stock for the First Choice acquisition reflecting $342.3 million of consideration;
•increase from net income of $133.1 million;
•increase from issuance of preferred stock of $72.0 million, net;
•decrease from share repurchases of $60.6 million, pursuant to the Company’s publicly-announced stock repurchase program;
•decrease from dividends paid on common stock of $26.2 million; and
•net decrease in fair value of available-for-sale securities and cash flow hedges of $18.3 million.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity
The objective of liquidity management is to ensure we have the ability to generate sufficient cash or cash equivalents in a timely and cost-effective manner to meet our commitments as they become due. Typical demands on liquidity are changes in deposit levels, maturing time deposits which are not renewed, and fundings under credit commitments to customers. Funds are available from a number of sources, such as the core deposit base and loan and security repayments and maturities.
Additionally, liquidity is provided from lines of credit with the FHLB, the Federal Reserve, and correspondent banks; the ability to acquire large and brokered deposits; sales of the securities portfolio; and the ability to sell loan participations to other banks. These alternatives are an important part of our liquidity plan and provide flexibility and efficient execution of the asset-liability management strategy.
The Company’s Asset-Liability Management Committee oversees our liquidity position, the parameters of which are approved by the Bank’s Board of Directors. Our liquidity position is monitored daily. Our liquidity management framework includes measurement of several key elements, such as a loan to deposit ratio, a liquidity ratio, and a dependency ratio. The Company’s liquidity framework also incorporates contingency planning to assess the nature and volatility of funding sources and to determine alternatives to these sources. While core deposits and loan and investment repayments are principal sources of liquidity, funding diversification is another key element of liquidity management and is achieved by strategically varying depositor types, terms, funding markets, and instruments.
Liquidity from assets is available primarily from cash balances and the investment portfolio. Cash and interest-bearing deposits with other banks totaled $2.0 billion at December 31, 2021, compared to $537.7 million at December 31, 2020. The low interest rate environment, coupled with an uncertain outlook and government stimulus, such as the PPP, has increased liquidity within the banking industry, including the Company. Investment securities are another important tool to the Company’s liquidity objectives. Securities totaled $1.8 billion at December 31, 2021, and included $753 million pledged as collateral for deposits of public institutions, treasury, loan notes, and other requirements. The remaining $1.0 billion could be pledged or sold to enhance liquidity, if necessary.
Liability liquidity funding sources are available to increase financial flexibility. In addition to amounts borrowed at December 31, 2021, the Company could borrow an additional $709 million from the FHLB of Des Moines under blanket loan pledges and has additional real estate loans of approximately $970.0 million that could be pledged. The Company also has $1.1 billion available from the Federal Reserve Bank under a pledged loan agreement. The Company also has unsecured federal funds lines with six correspondent banks totaling $90 million.
50

In the normal course of business, the Company enters into certain forms of off-balance sheet transactions, including unfunded loan commitments and letters of credit. These transactions are managed through the Company’s various risk management processes. Management considers both on-balance sheet and off-balance sheet transactions in its evaluation of the Company’s liquidity. The Company has $2.6 billion in unused commitments as of December 31, 2021. While this commitment level would exhaust the majority the Company’s current liquidity resources, the nature of these commitments is such that the likelihood of funding them in the aggregate at any one time is low.
At the holding company level, our primary funding sources are dividends and payments from the Bank and proceeds from the issuance of equity (i.e. stock option exercises, stock offerings) and debt instruments. The main use of this liquidity is to provide the funds necessary to pay dividends to shareholders, service debt, invest in subsidiaries as necessary, and satisfy other operating requirements. In 2021, the holding company maintained a revolving line of credit for an aggregate amount up to $25 million, all of which was available at December 31, 2021. The line of credit has a one-year term that was renewed in February 2022. The proceeds can be used for general corporate purposes.
The Company has an effective automatic shelf registration statement on Form S-3 allowing for the issuance of various forms of equity and debt securities. The Company’s ability to offer securities pursuant to the registration statement depends on market conditions and the Company’s continuing eligibility to use the Form S-3 under rules of the SEC.
Strong capital ratios, credit quality and core earnings are essential to retaining cost-effective access to the wholesale funding markets. Deterioration in any of these factors could have a negative impact on the Company’s ability to access these funding sources and, as a result, these factors are monitored on an ongoing basis as part of the liquidity management process. The Bank is subject to regulations and, among other things, may be limited in its ability to pay dividends or transfer funds to the parent company. Accordingly, consolidated cash flows as presented in the consolidated statements of cash flows may not represent cash immediately available for the payment of cash dividends to the Company’s shareholders or for other cash needs.
Through the normal course of operations, the Company has entered into certain contractual obligations and other commitments. Such obligations relate to funding of operations through deposits or debt issuances, as well as leases for premises and equipment. As a financial services provider, the Company routinely enters into commitments to extend credit. While contractual obligations represent future cash requirements of the Company, a significant portion of commitments to extend credit may expire without being drawn upon. Such commitments are subject to the same credit policies and approval process accorded to loans made by the Company. The Company also enters into derivative contracts under which the Company either receives cash from or pays cash to counterparties depending on changes in interest rates. Derivative contracts are carried at fair value on the consolidated balance sheet with the fair value representing the net present value of expected future cash receipts or payments based on market interest rates as of the balance sheet date. The fair value of these contracts changes daily as market interest rates change. For additional information on the Company’s contractual obligations and commitments see the following footnotes in Item 8: “Note 6 – Leases,” “Note 7 – Derivative Financial Instruments,” “Note 11 – Subordinated Debentures,” “Note 12 – Federal Home Loan Bank Advances,” “Note 13 – Other Borrowings,” and “Note 18 – Commitments.”
Capital Resources
The Company and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the state and federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possible additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the financial statements and results of operations of the Company. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company and its bank affiliate must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The banking affiliate’s capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors.
51

Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Company and the Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the following table) of total and tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets, and of tier 1 capital to average assets. To be categorized as “well-capitalized”, banks must maintain minimum total risk-based (10%), tier 1 risk-based (8%), common equity tier 1 risk-based (6.5%), and tier 1 leverage ratios (5%). As of December 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020, the Company and the Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject.
The Bank met the definition of “well-capitalized” at each of December 31, 2021 and 2020. Refer to “Item 8. Note 15 – Regulatory Capital” for a summary of our risk-based capital and leverage ratios.
The following table summarizes the Company’s capital ratios:

| December 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020 |  |  |
($ in thousands) | EFSC | Bank |  | EFSC | Bank |  | To Be Well-Capitalized | Minimum Ratio with CCB
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital to Risk Weighted Assets | 11.3 | % | 12.5 | % |  | 10.9 | % | 12.5 | % |  | 6.5 | % | 7.0 | %
Tier 1 Capital to Risk Weighted Assets | 13.0 | % | 12.5 | % |  | 12.1 | % | 12.5 | % |  | 8.0 | % | 8.5 | %
Total Capital to Risk Weighted Assets | 14.7 | % | 13.5 | % |  | 14.9 | % | 13.7 | % |  | 10.0 | % | 10.5 | %
Leverage Ratio (Tier 1 Capital to Average Assets) | 9.7 | % | 9.3 | % |  | 10.0 | % | 10.3 | % |  | 5.0 | % | 4.0 | %
Tangible common equity to tangible assets 1 | 8.1 | % |  |  | 8.4 | % |  |  |  |
Common equity tier 1 capital | $ | 1,091,823 |  | $ | 1,201,340 |  |  | $ | 795,873 |  | $ | 913,116 |  |  |  |
Tier 1 capital | 1,257,462 |  | 1,201,391 |  |  | 889,527 |  | 913,169 |  |  |  |
Total risk-based capital | 1,423,036 |  | 1,303,715 |  |  | 1,094,601 |  | 1,004,839 |  |  |  |
1 Not a required regulatory capital ratio |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

The Company believes the tangible common equity and regulatory capital ratios are important measures of capital strength even though they are considered to be non-GAAP measures. The tables included in this MD&A section under the caption “Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures” reconcile these ratios to U.S. GAAP.
Risk Management
Market risk arises from exposure to changes in interest rates and other relevant market rate or price risk. The Company faces market risk in the form of interest rate risk through transactions other than trading activities. Market risk from these activities, in the form of interest rate risk, is measured and managed through a number of methods. The Company uses financial modeling techniques to measure interest rate risk. These techniques measure the sensitivity of future earnings due to changing interest rate environments. Guidelines established by the Bank’s Asset/Liability Management Committee and approved by the Bank’s Board of Directors are used to monitor exposure of earnings at risk. General interest rate movements are used to develop sensitivity as management believes it has no primary exposure to a specific point on the yield curve. These limits are based on the Company’s exposure to immediate and sustained parallel rate movements, either upward or downward. The Company does not have any direct market risk from commodity exposures.
Interest Rate Risk
Our interest rate risk management practices are aimed at optimizing net interest income, while guarding against deterioration that could be caused by certain interest rate scenarios. Interest rate sensitivity varies with different types of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. We attempt to maintain interest-earning assets, comprised primarily of both loans and investments, and interest-bearing liabilities, comprised primarily of deposits, maturing or repricing in similar time horizons in order to manage any impact from market interest rate changes according to our risk tolerance. The Company uses an earnings simulation model to measure earnings sensitivity to changing rates.
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The Company determines the sensitivity of its short-term future earnings to a hypothetical plus or minus 100 to 300 basis point parallel rate shock through the use of simulation modeling. The simulation of earnings includes the modeling of the balance sheet as an ongoing entity. Future business assumptions involving administered rate products, prepayments for future rate-sensitive balances, and the reinvestment of maturing assets and liabilities are included. These items are then modeled to project net interest income based on a hypothetical change in interest rates. The resulting net interest income for the next 12-month period is compared to the net interest income amount calculated using flat rates. This difference represents the Company’s earnings sensitivity to a positive or negative parallel rate shock.
The following table summarizes the projected impact of interest rate shocks on net interest income at December 31, 2021:

Rate Shock 1 | Annual % change in net interest income
+ 300 bp | 22.9%
+ 200 bp | 14.1%
+ 100 bp | 5.6%
1 Due to the current levels of interest rates, the downward shock scenarios are not shown.

In addition to the rate shocks shown in the table above, the Company models net interest income under various dynamic interest rate scenarios. In general, changes in interest rates are positively correlated with changes in net interest income.
The Company occasionally uses interest rate derivative instruments as an asset/liability management tool to hedge mismatches in interest rate exposure indicated by the net interest income simulation described above. They are used to modify the Company’s exposures to interest rate fluctuations and provide more stable spreads between loan yields and the rate on their funding sources. At December 31, 2021, the Company had $62.0 million in derivative contracts used to manage interest rate risk. Derivative financial instruments are also discussed in “Item 8. Note 7 – Derivative Financial Instruments.”
The FCA has announced that the most common USD LIBOR settings (overnight, 1-month. 3-month, 6-month and 12-month) will cease publication after June 30, 2023. LIBOR is the most liquid and common interest rate index in the world and is commonly referenced in financial instruments. The Federal Reserve’s Alternative Reference Rates Committee has proposed that SOFR replace LIBOR. The Company expects to select a replacement index and provide customer notification in early 2023, prior to the cessation of the USD LIBOR settings. While a replacement index has not yet been selected, the Company ceased using LIBOR and ICE swap rates in new contracts and began issuing SOFR based loans in December 2021.
We have exposure to LIBOR in various financial contracts. Instruments that may be impacted include loans, securities, debt instruments and derivatives, among other financial contracts indexed to LIBOR and that mature after December 31, 2021. We also have loans that are indirectly linked to LIBOR through reference to the ICE swap rate. We have an internal working group composed of members from legal, credit, finance, operations, risk and audit to monitor developments, develop policies and procedures, assess the impact to the Company, consider relevant options and to determine an appropriate replacement index for affected contracts that expire after the expected discontinuation of LIBOR on June 30, 2023. We are actively working to amend and address impacted contracts to allow for a replacement index. However, amending certain contracts indexed to LIBOR may require consent from the counterparties which could be difficult and costly to obtain in certain circumstances. As of December 31, 2021, the Company’s financial contracts indexed to LIBOR included $2.8 billion in loans (including $618.4 million indirectly linked to LIBOR through reference to an ICE swap rate), $125.3 million in borrowings, and $889.0 million (notional) in derivatives.

In addition, LIBOR is used in the Company’s analysis of the fair value of tax credits and may be referenced in other financial contracts not included in the discussion above.
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The Company had $5.7 billion in variable rate loans as of December 31, 2021. Of these loans, $3.2 billion have an interest rate floor and 95% of those loans were at the floor. $2.8 billion in variable rate loans are indexed to LIBOR, $2.4 billion are indexed to the prime rate, and $382.8 million are indexed to other rates.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
The following accounting policies are considered most critical to the understanding of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. These critical accounting policies require management’s most difficult, subjective and complex judgments about matters that are inherently uncertain. Because these estimates and judgments are based on current circumstances, they may change over time or prove to be inaccurate based on actual experience. In the event that different assumptions or conditions were to prevail, and depending upon the severity of such changes, the possibility of a materially different financial condition and/or results of operations could reasonably be expected. The impact and any associated risks related to our critical accounting policies on our business operations are discussed throughout “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” where such policies affect our reported and expected financial results. For a detailed discussion on the application of these and other accounting policies, see “Item 8. Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.”
The Company has prepared all of the consolidated financial information in this report in accordance with GAAP. The Company makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates and assumptions are based on management’s best estimates and judgment. Management evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using loss experience and other factors, including the current economic environment, which management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. We adjust such estimates and assumptions when facts and circumstances dictate. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could differ significantly from these estimates. Changes in estimates resulting from continuing changes in the economic environment will be reflected in the financial statements in future periods. There can be no assurances that actual results will not differ from those estimates.
Allowance for Credit Losses
On January 1, 2020, the Company adopted Accounting Standard Update 2016-13 “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” This standard, referred to as CECL, requires an estimate of lifetime expected credit losses on certain financial assets measured at amortized cost.
The Company maintains separate allowances for funded loans, unfunded loans, and held-to-maturity securities, collectively the ACL. The ACL is a valuation account to adjust the cost basis to the amount expected to be collected, based on management’s estimate of experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. For purposes of determining the allowance for funded and unfunded loans, the portfolios are segregated into pools that share similar risk characteristics that are then further segregated by credit grades. Loans that do not share similar risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis and are not included in the collective evaluation. The Company estimates the amount of the allowance based on loan loss experience, adjusted for current and forecasted economic conditions, including unemployment, changes in GDP, and commercial and residential real estate prices. The Company’s forecast of economic conditions uses internal and external information and considers a weighted average of a baseline, upside, and downside scenarios. Because economic conditions can change and are difficult to predict, the anticipated amount of estimated loan defaults and losses, and therefore the adequacy of the allowance, could change significantly and have a direct impact on the Company’s credit costs. The Company’s allowance for credit losses on loans was $145.0 million at December 31, 2021 based on the weighting of the different economic scenarios. As a hypothetical example, if the Company had only used the upside scenario, the allowance would have decreased $20.5 million. Conversely, the allowance would have increased $43.9 million using only the downside scenario.
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Acquisitions
Acquisitions and Business Combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting. The assets and liabilities of the acquired entities have been recorded at their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition. Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired, including the amount assigned to identifiable intangible assets.
The purchase price allocation process requires an estimation of the fair values of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. When a business combination agreement provides for an adjustment to the cost of the combination contingent on future events, the Company includes an estimate of the acquisition-date fair value as part of the cost of the combination. To determine the fair values, the Company relies on third party valuations, such as appraisals, or internal valuations based on discounted cash flow analyses or other valuation techniques. The results of operations of the acquired business are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements from the respective date of acquisition. Merger-related costs are costs the Company incurs to effect a business combination. Merger-related expenses include costs directly related to merger or acquisition activity and include legal and professional fees, system consolidation and conversion costs, and compensation costs such as severance and retention incentives for employees impacted by acquisition activity. The Company accounts for merger-related costs as expenses in the periods in which the costs are incurred and the services are received.
Income Taxes
Management uses certain assumptions and estimates in determining income taxes payable or refundable for the current year, deferred income tax assets and liabilities and income tax expense. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. If current available information raises doubt as to the realization of the deferred tax assets, a valuation allowance may be established. We consider the determination of this valuation allowance to be a critical accounting policy because of the need to exercise significant judgment in evaluating the amount and timing of recognition of deferred tax liabilities and assets, including projections of future taxable income. These judgments and estimates are reviewed on a continual basis as regulatory and business factors change. A valuation allowance for deferred tax assets may be required in the future if the amounts of taxes recoverable through loss carry backs decline, if we project lower levels of future taxable income, or we project lower levels of tax planning strategies. Such valuation allowance would be established through a charge to income tax expense that would adversely affect our operating results.
Effects of New Accounting Pronouncements
See “Item 8. Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies – Recent Accounting Pronouncements” for information on recent accounting pronouncements and their impact, if any, on our consolidated financial statements.
Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures
The Company’s accounting and reporting policies conform to U.S. GAAP and the prevailing practices in the banking industry. However, the Company provides other financial measures, such as core efficiency ratio, tangible common equity ratio, return on average tangible common equity, and tangible book value per common share, in this report that are considered “non-GAAP financial measures.” Generally, a non-GAAP financial measure is a numerical measure of a company’s financial performance, financial position, or cash flows that exclude (or include) amounts that are included in (or excluded from) the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP.
The Company considers its core efficiency ratio, tangible common equity ratio, return on average tangible common equity, and tangible book value per common share, collectively “core performance measures” presented in this report, as relevant measures of financial performance, even though they are non-GAAP measures, as they provide supplemental information by which to evaluate the impact of certain non-comparable items, and the Company’s operating performance on an ongoing basis. Core performance measures exclude certain other income and expense items such as merger-related expenses, facilities charges, and the gain or loss on sale of investment securities, which
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the Company believes to be not indicative of or useful to measure the Company’s operating performance on an ongoing basis. The attached tables contain a reconciliation of these core performance measures to the GAAP measures. The Company believes that the tangible common equity ratio provides useful information to investors about the Company’s capital strength even though it is considered to be a non-GAAP financial measure and is not part of the regulatory capital requirements to which the Company is subject.
The Company believes these non-GAAP measures and ratios, when taken together with the corresponding GAAP measures and ratios, provide meaningful supplemental information regarding the Company’s performance and capital strength. The Company’s management uses, and believes investors benefit from referring to, these non-GAAP measures and ratios in assessing the Company’s operating results and related trends and when forecasting future periods. However, these non-GAAP measures and ratios should be considered in addition to, and not as a substitute for or preferable to, ratios prepared in accordance with GAAP. The Company has provided a reconciliation of, where applicable, the most comparable GAAP financial measures and ratios to the non-GAAP financial measures and ratios, or a reconciliation of the non-GAAP calculation of the financial measure for the periods indicated.
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Reconciliations of Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Core Efficiency Ratio

| For the Years ended December 31,
($ in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Net interest income | $ | 360,194 |  |  | $ | 270,001 |  |  | $ | 238,717 |
Less incremental accretion income | — |  |  | 4,083 |  |  | 4,783 |
Core net interest income | 360,194 |  |  | 265,918 |  |  | 233,934 |
Total noninterest income | 67,743 |  |  | 54,503 |  |  | 49,176 |
Less gain on sale of other real estate | 884 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Less other income from non-core acquired assets | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,372 |
Less gain on sale of investment securities | — |  |  | 421 |  |  | 243 |
Less other non-core income | — |  |  | 265 |  |  | 266 |
Core noninterest income | 66,859 |  |  | 53,817 |  |  | 47,295 |
Total core revenue | $ | 427,053 |  |  | $ | 319,735 |  |  | $ | 281,229 |
Total noninterest expense | $ | 245,919 |  |  | $ | 167,159 |  |  | $ | 165,485 |
Less merger-related expenses | 22,082 |  |  | 4,174 |  |  | 17,969 |
Less branch-closure expenses | 3,441 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Less other non-core expenses | — |  |  | 57 |  |  | 257 |
Core noninterest expense | $ | 220,396 |  |  | $ | 162,928 |  |  | $ | 147,259 |
Core efficiency ratio | 51.61 | % |  | 50.96 | % |  | 52.36 | %

Tangible Common Equity and Tangible Common Equity Ratio

| For the Years ended December 31,
($ in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Total shareholders' equity | $ | 1,529,116 |  |  | $ | 1,078,975 |  |  | $ | 867,185 |
Less preferred stock | 71,988 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Less goodwill | 365,164 |  |  | 260,567 |  |  | 210,344 |
Less intangible assets | 22,286 |  |  | 23,084 |  |  | 26,076 |
Tangible common equity | $ | 1,069,678 |  |  | $ | 795,324 |  |  | $ | 630,765 |
Total assets | $ | 13,537,358 |  |  | $ | 9,751,571 |  |  | $ | 7,333,791 |
Less goodwill | 365,164 |  |  | 260,567 |  |  | 210,344 |
Less intangible assets | 22,286 |  |  | 23,084 |  |  | 26,076 |
Tangible assets | $ | 13,149,908 |  |  | $ | 9,467,920 |  |  | $ | 7,097,371 |
Tangible common equity to tangible assets | 8.13 | % |  | 8.40 | % |  | 8.89 | %

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Return on Average Tangible Common Equity

| For the Years ended December 31,
($ in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Average shareholder’s equity | $ | 1,277,153 |  |  | $ | 902,875 |  |  | $ | 795,477 |
Less average preferred stock | 8,903 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Less average goodwill | 307,614 |  |  | 217,205 |  |  | 193,804 |
Less average intangible assets | 22,460 |  |  | 23,551 |  |  | 24,957 |
Average tangible common equity | $ | 938,176 |  |  | $ | 662,119 |  |  | $ | 576,716 |
Net Income | $ | 133,055 |  |  | $ | 74,384 |  |  | $ | 92,739 |
Return on average tangible common equity | 14.18 | % |  | 11.23 | % |  | 16.08 | %

Tangible Book Value Per Common Share

| For the Years ended December 31,
($ and shares in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Tangible common equity (calculated above) | $ | 1,069,678 |  |  | $ | 795,324 |  |  | $ | 630,765 |
Period end shares outstanding | 37,820 |  |  | 31,210 |  |  | 26,543 |
Tangible book value per common share | $ | 28.28 |  |  | $ | 25.48 |  |  | $ | 23.76 |

ITEM 7A: QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Please refer to “Risk Factors” included in Item 1A and “Risk Management” and “Interest Rate Risk” included in Management’s Discussion and Analysis under Item 7.
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ITEM 8: FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Enterprise Financial Services Corp and Subsidiaries

| Page Number
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, PCAOB ID 34 | 60
Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2021 and 2020 | 64
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 | 65
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 | 66
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 | 67
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 | 68
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | 70

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the shareholders and Board of Directors of Enterprise Financial Services Corp
Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Enterprise Financial Services Corp and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity, and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 25, 2022 expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Change in Accounting Principles
As discussed in Note 1 to the financial statements, on January 1, 2020, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13 “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” applicable to financial assets measured at amortized cost including loan receivables and held to maturity debt securities.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the US federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.
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Allowance for Credit Losses — Refer to Note 1 to the financial statements
Critical Audit Matter Description
The Company utilizes a discounted cash flow (“DCF”) method to measure the Allowance for Credit Losses (“ACL”) on loans collectively evaluated that are sub-segmented by credit risk levels. The DCF method incorporates assumptions for probability of default, loss given default, prepayments and curtailments over the contractual term of the loans. In determining the probability of default, the Company utilized a regression analysis to determine certain economic factors that are relevant loss drivers in the portfolio segments based on historical or peer evaluations such as unemployment or gross domestic product. Additionally, the Company applies qualitative adjustments to address risks not directly captured in the quantitative reserve; including to address macroeconomic uncertainty by weighting the forecasted baseline, upside, and downside economic factors.
We identified the allowance for credit losses as a critical audit matter because of the complexity of the Company’s model and the significant assumptions used by management. Auditing the allowance for credit losses required a high degree of auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort, including the need to involve credit specialists when performing audit procedures to evaluate the reasonableness of management’s models and assumptions.
How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit
Our audit procedures related to the Company’s ACL included the following, among others:
a.We tested the design and operating effectiveness of management’s controls covering the key data, assumptions and judgments impacting the allowance for credit losses.
b.We evaluated the appropriateness of the Company’s accounting policies, methodologies, and elections involved in determining the allowance.
c.We involved credit specialists to assist us in evaluating the Company’s development of the CECL model, including the selection of and calibration to economic factors.
d.We assessed the reasonableness of the Company’s qualitative methodology, tested key calculations utilized within the qualitative estimate and agreed underlying data within the calculation to source documents.
Acquisition of First Choice Bancorp (“FCB”) – Valuation of Loans – Refer to Note 2 to the financial statements
Critical Audit Matter Description
On July 21, 2021, the Company closed its acquisition of 100% of First Choice Bancorp and its wholly-owned subsidiary, First Choice Bank. The value of the transaction consideration was approximately $346 million. The acquisition of FCB has been accounted for as a business combination using the acquisition method of accounting which requires assets acquired and liabilities assumed to be recognized at fair value as of the acquisition date. Goodwill arising from the acquisition consists largely of the synergies and economies of scale expected from combining the operations into the Company.
Given that the fair value determination of net assets, specifically the credit assumptions related to the acquired loan balance, required management to make significant estimates and assumptions related to the associated credit risk, performing audit procedures to evaluate the reasonableness of these estimates and assumptions required a high degree of auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort, including the need to involve our fair value specialists.
How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit
Our audit procedures related to management’s determination of the credit risk associated with these loans included the following, among others:
•We tested the design and operating effectiveness of controls over the valuation of the acquired loans, including management’s controls over the determination of credit risk.
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•With the assistance of our fair value specialists, we obtained an understanding and evaluated the reasonableness of the Company’s valuation methodology and assumptions.
•We compared the accuracy of the Company’s fair value pricing to the pricing independently developed by our fair value specialists.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
St. Louis, Missouri
February 25, 2022
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2010.
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the shareholders and Board of Directors of Enterprise Financial Services Corp
Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Enterprise Financial Services Corp and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2021, of the Company and our report dated February 25, 2022, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements and included an explanatory paragraph regarding the Company’s adoption of accounting standard update (ASU) 2016-13 “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Assessment of Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
St. Louis, Missouri
February 25, 2022
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ENTERPRISE FINANCIAL SERVICES CORP AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Balance Sheets
As of December 31, 2021 and 2020

($ in thousands, except per share data) | December 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Assets |  |  |
Cash and due from banks | $ | 209,177 |  |  | $ | 99,760 |
Federal funds sold | 1,356 |  |  | 1,519 |
Interest-earning deposits (including $14,595 and $36,525 pledged as collateral, respectively) | 1,811,156 |  |  | 436,424 |
Total cash and cash equivalents | 2,021,689 |  |  | 537,703 |
Interest-earning deposits greater than 90 days | 6,996 |  |  | 7,626 |
Securities available-for-sale | 1,366,006 |  |  | 912,429 |
Securities held-to-maturity, net | 429,681 |  |  | 487,610 |
Loans held-for-sale | 6,389 |  |  | 13,564 |
Loans | 9,017,642 |  |  | 7,224,935 |
Allowance for credit losses on loans | (145,041) |  |  | (136,671) |
Total loans, net | 8,872,601 |  |  | 7,088,264 |
Other investments | 59,896 |  |  | 48,764 |
Fixed assets, net | 47,915 |  |  | 53,169 |
Goodwill | 365,164 |  |  | 260,567 |
Intangible assets, net | 22,286 |  |  | 23,084 |
Other assets | 338,735 |  |  | 318,791 |
Total assets | $ | 13,537,358 |  |  | $ | 9,751,571 |
Liabilities and Shareholders' equity |  |  |
Noninterest-bearing demand accounts | $ | 4,578,436 |  |  | $ | 2,711,828 |
Interest-bearing demand accounts | 2,465,884 |  |  | 1,768,497 |
Money market accounts | 2,890,976 |  |  | 2,327,066 |
Savings accounts | 800,210 |  |  | 627,903 |
Certificates of deposit: |  |  |
Brokered | 128,970 |  |  | 50,209 |
Other | 479,323 |  |  | 499,886 |
Total deposits | 11,343,799 |  |  | 7,985,389 |
Subordinated debentures and notes | 154,899 |  |  | 203,637 |
FHLB advances | 50,000 |  |  | 50,000 |
Other borrowings | 353,863 |  |  | 301,081 |
Other liabilities | 105,681 |  |  | 132,489 |
Total liabilities | 12,008,242 |  |  | 8,672,596 |
Commitments and contingent liabilities (Note 18) |  |  |
Shareholders' equity: |  |  |
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized; 75,000 and 0 shares issued and outstanding, respectively ($1,000 per share liquidation preference) | 71,988 |  |  | — |
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 75,000,000 and 45,000,000 shares authorized; 39,799,615 and 33,190,306 shares issued, respectively | 398 |  |  | 332 |
Treasury stock, at cost; 1,980,093 shares | (73,528) |  |  | (73,528) |
Additional paid in capital | 1,018,799 |  |  | 697,839 |
Retained earnings | 492,682 |  |  | 417,212 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income | 18,777 |  |  | 37,120 |
Total shareholders' equity | 1,529,116 |  |  | 1,078,975 |
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity | $ | 13,537,358 |  |  | $ | 9,751,571 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
64

ENTERPRISE FINANCIAL SERVICES CORP AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Operations
Years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019

| Year ended December 31,
($ in thousands, except per share data) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Interest income: |  |  |  |  |
Loans | $ | 348,615 |  |  | $ | 270,238 |  |  | $ | 269,406 |
Debt securities: |  |  |  |  |
Taxable | 18,030 |  |  | 24,629 |  |  | 29,030 |
Nontaxable | 13,814 |  |  | 8,397 |  |  | 3,515 |
Interest-earning deposits | 1,496 |  |  | 620 |  |  | 2,128 |
Dividends on equity securities | 1,275 |  |  | 895 |  |  | 1,055 |
Total interest income | 383,230 |  |  | 304,779 |  |  | 305,134 |
Interest expense: |  |  |  |  |
Deposits | 10,668 |  |  | 21,049 |  |  | 49,856 |
Subordinated debentures and notes | 10,960 |  |  | 9,885 |  |  | 7,507 |
FHLB advances | 803 |  |  | 2,673 |  |  | 6,668 |
Other borrowings | 605 |  |  | 1,171 |  |  | 2,386 |
Total interest expense | 23,036 |  |  | 34,778 |  |  | 66,417 |
Net interest income | 360,194 |  |  | 270,001 |  |  | 238,717 |
Provision for credit losses | 13,385 |  |  | 65,398 |  |  | 6,372 |
Net interest income after provision for credit losses | 346,809 |  |  | 204,603 |  |  | 232,345 |
Noninterest income: |  |  |  |  |
Service charges on deposit accounts | 15,428 |  |  | 11,717 |  |  | 12,801 |
Wealth management revenue | 10,259 |  |  | 9,732 |  |  | 9,932 |
Card services revenue | 11,880 |  |  | 9,481 |  |  | 9,154 |
Tax credit income | 8,028 |  |  | 6,611 |  |  | 5,393 |
Miscellaneous income | 22,148 |  |  | 16,962 |  |  | 11,896 |
Total noninterest income | 67,743 |  |  | 54,503 |  |  | 49,176 |
Noninterest expense: |  |  |  |  |
Employee compensation and benefits | 124,904 |  |  | 92,288 |  |  | 81,295 |
Occupancy | 16,286 |  |  | 13,457 |  |  | 12,465 |
Data processing | 12,242 |  |  | 9,050 |  |  | 8,242 |
Professional fees | 4,289 |  |  | 3,940 |  |  | 3,683 |
Branch-closure expenses | 3,441 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Merger-related expenses | 22,082 |  |  | 4,174 |  |  | 17,969 |
Other | 62,675 |  |  | 44,250 |  |  | 41,831 |
Total noninterest expense | 245,919 |  |  | 167,159 |  |  | 165,485 |
Income before income tax expense | 168,633 |  |  | 91,947 |  |  | 116,036 |
Income tax expense | 35,578 |  |  | 17,563 |  |  | 23,297 |
Net income | $ | 133,055 |  |  | $ | 74,384 |  |  | $ | 92,739 |
Earnings per common share |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 3.86 |  |  | $ | 2.76 |  |  | $ | 3.56 |
Diluted | 3.86 |  |  | 2.76 |  |  | 3.55 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
65

ENTERPRISE FINANCIAL SERVICES CORP AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
Years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019

| Year ended December 31,
($ in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Net income | $ | 133,055 |  |  | $ | 74,384 |  |  | $ | 92,739 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: |  |  |  |  |
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale debt securities | (17,049) |  |  | 23,944 |  |  | 29,189 |
Reclassification adjustment for realized (gain) loss on the sale of available-for-sale debt securities | — |  |  | (317) |  |  | 37 |
Reclassification of gain on held-to-maturity securities | (3,624) |  |  | (1,910) |  |  | (33) |
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges arising during the period | 1,161 |  |  | (5,947) |  |  | (2,262) |
Reclassification of loss on cash flow hedges | 1,169 |  |  | 3,601 |  |  | 100 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net | (18,343) |  |  | 19,371 |  |  | 27,031 |
Total comprehensive income | $ | 114,712 |  |  | $ | 93,755 |  |  | $ | 119,770 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
66

ENTERPRISE FINANCIAL SERVICES CORP AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity
Years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019

($ in thousands, except per share data) |  |  | Preferred Stock |  | Common Stock |  | Treasury Stock |  | Additional paid in capital |  | Retained earnings |  | Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |  | Total shareholders’ equity
Balance December 31, 2018 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 239 |  |  | $ | (42,655) |  |  | $ | 350,936 |  |  | $ | 304,566 |  |  | $ | (9,282) |  |  | $ | 603,804 |
Net income |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 92,739 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 92,739 |
Other comprehensive loss, net |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 27,031 |  |  | 27,031 |
Cash dividends paid on common shares, $0.62 per share |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (16,568) |  |  | — |  |  | (16,568) |
Repurchase of common shares, 396,737 shares |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (15,526) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (15,526) |
Issuance under equity compensation plans, 137,271 shares, net |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | (214) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (212) |
Shares issued in connection with acquisition of Trinity Capital Corporation, 3,990,822 shares |  |  |  |  | 40 |  |  | — |  |  | 171,845 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 171,885 |
Share-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,032 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,032 |
Balance December 31, 2019 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 281 |  |  | $ | (58,181) |  |  | $ | 526,599 |  |  | $ | 380,737 |  |  | $ | 17,749 |  |  | $ | 867,185 |
Net income |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 74,384 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 74,384 |
Other comprehensive income, net |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 19,371 |  |  | 19,371 |
Cash dividends paid on common shares, $0.72 per share |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (19,795) |  |  | — |  |  | (19,795) |
Repurchase of common shares, 456,251 shares |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (15,347) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (15,347) |
Issuance under equity compensation plans, 146,005 shares, net |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 77 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 78 |
Shares issued in connection with acquisition of Seacoast Commerce Banc Holdings, 4,977,214 shares |  |  | — |  |  | 50 |  |  | — |  |  | 166,985 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 167,035 |
Share-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,178 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,178 |
Reclassification for the adoption of ASU 2016-13 (CECL) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (18,114) |  |  | — |  |  | (18,114) |
Balance December 31, 2020 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 332 |  |  | $ | (73,528) |  |  | $ | 697,839 |  |  | $ | 417,212 |  |  | $ | 37,120 |  |  | $ | 1,078,975 |
Net income |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 133,055 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 133,055 |
Other comprehensive loss, net |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (18,343) |  |  | (18,343) |
Cash dividends paid on common shares, $0.75 per share |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (26,153) |  |  | — |  |  | (26,153) |
Repurchase of common shares, 1,299,527 shares |  |  | — |  |  | (12) |  |  | — |  |  | (30,518) |  |  | (30,059) |  |  | — |  |  | (60,589) |
Issuance under equity compensation plans, 131,564 shares, net |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,549 |  |  | (663) |  |  | — |  |  | 1,886 |
Shares issued in connection with acquisition of First Choice Bancorp, 7,777,272 shares, net (gross issuance 7,808,459 shares) |  |  | — |  |  | 78 |  |  | — |  |  | 342,912 |  |  | (710) |  |  | — |  |  | 342,280 |
Preferred stock issuance, net of $3,012 issuance cost |  |  | 71,988 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 71,988 |
Share-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,017 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,017 |
Balance December 31, 2021 |  |  | $ | 71,988 |  |  | $ | 398 |  |  | $ | (73,528) |  |  | $ | 1,018,799 |  |  | $ | 492,682 |  |  | $ | 18,777 |  |  | $ | 1,529,116 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
67

ENTERPRISE FINANCIAL SERVICES CORP AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019

| Year ended December 31,
($ in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |
Net income | $ | 133,055 |  |  | $ | 74,384 |  |  | $ | 92,739 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation | 6,147 |  |  | 6,152 |  |  | 5,719 |
Provision for credit losses | 13,385 |  |  | 65,398 |  |  | 6,372 |
Deferred income taxes | 545 |  |  | (12,578) |  |  | 5,800 |
Net amortization of debt securities | 7,343 |  |  | 6,745 |  |  | 2,973 |
Net accretion of loan discount | (1,140) |  |  | (7,767) |  |  | (10,494) |
Amortization of intangible assets | 5,690 |  |  | 5,673 |  |  | 5,543 |
Amortization of servicing assets | 2,311 |  |  | 37 |  |  | — |
Mortgage loans originated-for-sale | (159,670) |  |  | (223,094) |  |  | (81,941) |
Proceeds from mortgage loans sold | 163,864 |  |  | 217,934 |  |  | 77,302 |
Loss (gain) on: |  |  |  |  |
Sale of investment securities | — |  |  | (421) |  |  | 49 |
Sale of other real estate | (931) |  |  | 13 |  |  | (113) |
Sale of state tax credits | (2,220) |  |  | (2,016) |  |  | (2,549) |
Asset impairment | 3,441 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Share-based compensation | 6,017 |  |  | 4,178 |  |  | 4,032 |
Changes in other assets and liabilities, net | (17,262) |  |  | 876 |  |  | (12,975) |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 160,575 |  |  | 135,514 |  |  | 92,457 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |
Acquisition cash purchase price, net of cash and cash equivalents acquired | 212,642 |  |  | 62,114 |  |  | (23,377) |
Net decrease (increase) in loans | 138,455 |  |  | (700,096) |  |  | (284,235) |
Proceeds received from: |  |  |  |  |
Sale of debt securities, available-for-sale | 27,135 |  |  | 20,221 |  |  | 357,976 |
Paydown or maturity of debt securities, available-for-sale | 306,360 |  |  | 329,350 |  |  | 146,132 |
Paydown or maturity of debt securities, held-to-maturity | 49,947 |  |  | 41,377 |  |  | 7,447 |
Redemption of other investments | 18,159 |  |  | 43,555 |  |  | 61,917 |
Sale of state tax credits held-for-sale | 18,507 |  |  | 14,252 |  |  | 14,689 |
Sale of other real estate | 5,915 |  |  | 652 |  |  | 4,798 |
Settlement of bank-owned life insurance policies | — |  |  | 1,993 |  |  | — |
Payments for the purchase of: |  |  |  |  |
Available-for-sale debt securities | (779,481) |  |  | (452,541) |  |  | (577,211) |
Other investments | (9,564) |  |  | (50,421) |  |  | (68,963) |
State tax credits held-for-sale | (8,689) |  |  | (11,026) |  |  | (11,356) |
Fixed assets | (2,500) |  |  | (2,259) |  |  | (6,337) |
Net cash used in investing activities | (23,114) |  |  | (702,829) |  |  | (378,520) |

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| Year ended December 31,
($ in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |
Net increase in noninterest-bearing deposit accounts | $ | 869,203 |  |  | $ | 627,756 |  |  | $ | 57,551 |
Net increase in interest-bearing deposit accounts | 648,778 |  |  | 505,604 |  |  | 44,300 |
Proceeds from the issuance of subordinated notes | — |  |  | 61,953 |  |  | — |
Payments for the redemption of subordinated notes | (50,000) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Proceeds (repayments) from short-term FHLB advances, net | (160,000) |  |  | (172,300) |  |  | 95,500 |
Proceeds from long-term FHLB advances | — |  |  | — |  |  | 50,000 |
Repayment of PPPLF advances | — |  |  | (86,096) |  |  | — |
Proceeds from notes payable | — |  |  | — |  |  | 41,000 |
Repayments of notes payable | (7,143) |  |  | (4,286) |  |  | (8,714) |
Net increase in other borrowings | 59,925 |  |  | 40,195 |  |  | 9,436 |
Cash dividends paid on common stock | (26,153) |  |  | (19,795) |  |  | (16,568) |
Repurchase of common stock | (60,589) |  |  | (15,347) |  |  | (15,526) |
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock, net | 71,988 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other, net | 516 |  |  | 78 |  |  | (212) |
Net cash provided by financing activities | 1,346,525 |  |  | 937,762 |  |  | 256,767 |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 1,483,986 |  |  | 370,447 |  |  | (29,296) |
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 537,703 |  |  | 167,256 |  |  | 196,552 |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | 2,021,689 |  |  | $ | 537,703 |  |  | $ | 167,256 |
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid during the period for: |  |  |  |  |
Interest | $ | 23,957 |  |  | $ | 35,423 |  |  | $ | 65,667 |
Income taxes | 56,845 |  |  | 7,514 |  |  | 13,582 |
Noncash investing and financing transactions: |  |  |  |  |
Transfer to other real estate owned in settlement of loans | $ | 3,227 |  |  | $ | 798 |  |  | $ | 8,148 |
Sales of other real estate financed | 228 |  |  | 48 |  |  | 621 |
Transfer of securities from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity | — |  |  | 352,665 |  |  | 116,303 |
Transfer to loans from fixed assets for deconsolidation of partnership | — |  |  | 3,336 |  |  | — |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations | 5,658 |  |  | 1,623 |  |  | 5,208 |
Common shares issued in connection with acquisitions | 343,650 |  |  | 167,035 |  |  | 171,885 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
69

ENTERPRISE FINANCIAL SERVICES CORP AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
NOTE 1 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The significant accounting policies used by the Company in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements are summarized below.
Business and Consolidation
Enterprise is a financial holding company that provides a full range of banking and wealth management services to individuals and corporate customers primarily located in the Arizona, California, Kansas, Missouri, Nevada, and New Mexico markets through its banking subsidiary, Enterprise Bank & Trust. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
The Company and its banking subsidiary are subject to the regulations of certain federal and state agencies and undergo periodic examinations by those regulatory agencies. The Company has one operating segment.
Use of Estimates
The consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in conformity with GAAP. In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions, which significantly affect the reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements. Such estimates include the valuation of loans, goodwill, intangible assets, and other long-lived assets, along with assumptions used in the calculation of income taxes, among others. These estimates and assumptions are based on management’s best estimates and judgment. Management evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using experience and other factors, including the current economic environment, which management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Management adjusts such estimates and assumptions when facts and circumstances dictate. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could differ significantly from these estimates. Changes in those estimates resulting from continuing changes in the economic environment will be reflected in the financial statements in future periods.
Cash Flow Information
For purposes of reporting cash flows, the Company considers cash and due from banks, interest-bearing deposits and federal funds sold that mature within 90 days of the balance sheet date to be cash and cash equivalents. The balances at December 31, 2021 and 2020 were not subject to reserve requirements from the Federal Reserve.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
ASU 2021-01, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope (ASU 2021-01). ASU 2021-01 was issued in January 2021 and provided optional expedients and exceptions in ASC 848 to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The amendment only applies to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. The expedients and exceptions provided by the amendments will not apply to contract modifications made and hedging relationships entered into or evaluated after December 31, 2022, except for hedging relationships existing as of December 31, 2022, that an entity has elected certain optional expedients for and that are retained through the end of the hedging relationship. The amendments in this update were effective immediately upon issuance and did not have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.
Investments
The Company has classified all investments in debt securities as available-for-sale or held-to-maturity.
Securities classified as available-for-sale are carried at fair value. Unrealized holding gains and losses for available-for-sale securities are excluded from earnings and reported as a net amount in a separate component of
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shareholders’ equity until realized. All previous fair value adjustments included in the separate component of shareholders’ equity are reversed upon sale.
Securities classified as held-to-maturity are carried at amortized cost and adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts.
Prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2020, declines in the fair value of securities below their cost deemed to be other-than-temporary were reflected in operations as realized losses. In estimating other-than-temporary impairment losses, management evaluated investment securities for other-than-temporary declines in fair value on a quarterly basis. This analysis required management to consider various factors, which included (1) the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected compared to the amortized cost of the security, (2) duration and magnitude of the decline in value, (3) the financial condition of the issuer or issuers, (4) structure of the security, and (5) the intent to sell the security or whether it’s more likely than not the Company would be required to sell the security before its anticipated recovery in market value.
An ACL on held-to-maturity securities is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the securities to reflect the expected amount to be collected. When it is determined that a security will not be collected, the balance is written-off through the allowance. In evaluating the need for an ACL, securities with similar risk characteristics are grouped and an estimate of expected cash flows is determined using loss experience, adjusted for current and reasonable and supportable forecasts of economic conditions.
For available-for-sale securities in a loss position, the Company evaluates whether the decline in fair value below amortized cost resulted from a credit loss or other factors. Losses attributed to credit are recognized through an ACL on available-for-sale securities, limited to the amount that the fair value of securities is less than the amortized cost basis. In assessing credit loss, the Company considers, among other things, (1) the extent to which fair value is less than the amortized cost basis, (2) adverse conditions specific to the security or industry, (3) historical payment patterns, (4) the likelihood of future payments, and (5) changes to the rating of a security by a rating agency.
The Company has elected to exclude accrued interest receivable balances from the estimate of the ACL as these amounts are timely written off as a credit loss expense. Adjustments to the ACL on held-to-maturity and available-for-sale securities are recognized as a component of the provision for credit losses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Premiums and discounts are amortized or accreted over the expected lives of the respective securities as an adjustment to yield using the interest method. Dividend and interest income is recognized when earned. Realized gains and losses are included in earnings and are derived using the specific identification method for determining the cost of securities sold.
Loans Held-for-Sale and Servicing Assets
The Company provides long-term financing of one-to-four-family residential real estate by originating fixed and variable rate loans. Long-term fixed and variable rate loans are usually sold into the secondary market with limited recourse. Upon receipt of an application for a real estate loan, the Company determines whether the loan will be sold into the secondary market or retained in the Company’s loan portfolio. The interest rates on the loans sold are locked with the buyer and the Company bears no interest rate risk related to these loans. Mortgage loans held-for-sale are carried at the lower of cost or fair value, which is determined on a specific identification method. The Company does not retain servicing on these loans.
The Company also originates SBA7(a) loans that generally provide for a guarantee of 75% up to a maximum amount. The guaranteed portion of the loan can be sold in an active secondary market. For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, all SBA7(a) loans are considered held-for-investment; however, as the Company makes the determination to sell the loans, they will be moved into the held-for-sale category. Sales of SBA guaranteed loans are executed on a servicing retained basis, and the Company retains the rights and obligations to service the loans. At December 31, 2021, the Company was servicing SBA loans that had been sold and has
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recorded a related servicing asset of $6.7 million. The servicing asset is accounted for under the amortization method and is evaluated for impairment. Amortization of the servicing asset is recorded as a reduction to servicing income.
Gains on the sale of loans held-for-sale are reported net of direct origination fees and costs in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Loans
Loans are reported at the principal balance outstanding, net of unearned fees, costs, and premiums or discounts on acquired loans. Loan origination fees, direct origination costs, and premiums or discounts resulting from acquired loans are deferred and recognized over the lives of the related loans as a yield adjustment using the interest method.
Interest on loans is accrued to income based on the principal balance outstanding. The recognition of interest income is discontinued when a loan becomes 90 days past due or a significant deterioration in the borrower’s credit has occurred which, in management’s judgment, negatively impacts the collectibility of the loan. Unpaid interest on such loans is reversed at the time the loan becomes uncollectible and subsequent interest payments received are generally applied to principal if any doubt exists as to the collectibility of such principal. Loans that have not been restructured are returned to accrual status when management believes full collectibility of principal and interest is expected. Non-accrual loans that have been restructured will remain in a non-accrual status until the borrower has made at least six months of consecutive contractual payments.
The Company has elected to present the accrued interest receivable balance separate from amortized cost basis, to exclude accrued interest receivable balances from the tabular disclosures, and not to estimate an ACL on accrued interest receivable as these amounts are timely written off as a credit loss expense.
Accrued interest receivable totaled $31.1 million and $30.6 million at December 31, 2020 and 2021, respectively, and were reported in Other Assets on the consolidated balance sheets.
Acquired Loans
Prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2020, PCI loans were acquired in a business combination or transaction, had evidence of deterioration of credit quality since origination and for which it was probable, at acquisition, that the Company would be unable to collect all contractually required payments receivable. PCI loans were initially recorded at fair value (as determined by the present value of expected future cash flows) with no valuation allowance. The difference between the undiscounted cash flows expected at acquisition and the investment in the loans, or the “accretable yield,” was recognized as interest income on a level-yield method over the life of the loans. Contractually required payments for interest and principal that exceeded the undiscounted cash flows expected at acquisition, or the “nonaccretable difference,” were not recognized as a yield adjustment or as a loss accrual or a valuation allowance. The Company aggregated individual loans with common risk characteristics into pools of loans. Increases in expected cash flows subsequent to the initial investment were recognized prospectively through adjustment of the yield on the loans over their remaining lives. Decreases in expected cash flows due to an inability to collect contractual cash flows were recognized as impairment through the provision for loan losses account. Any allowance for loan loss on these pools reflected only losses incurred after the acquisition. Disposals of loans, including sales of loans, paydowns, payments in full or foreclosures resulted in the removal or reduction of the loan from the loan pool.
Subsequent to the adoption of ASU 2016-13, acquired loans are separated into two categories based on the credit risk characteristics of the underlying borrowers as either PCD, for loans which have experienced more than insignificant credit deterioration since origination, or loans with no credit deterioration (non-PCD). At the date of acquisition, an ACL on PCD loans is determined and added to the amortized cost basis of the individual loans. The difference between the initial amortized cost basis and the par value of the loan is a noncredit discount or premium, which is amortized into interest income over the life of the loan. The ACL on PCD loans is recorded in the acquisition accounting and no provision for credit losses is recognized at the acquisition date. Subsequent changes
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to the ACL are recorded through provision expense. For non-PCD loans, an ACL is established immediately after the acquisition through a charge to the provision for credit losses.
The ACL for both PCD and non-PCD is determined by pooling loans with similar risk characteristics and using the approach discussed below under “Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans”.
Impaired Loans
Loans are considered “impaired” when it becomes probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the loan’s contractual terms. Non-accrual loans, loans past due greater than 90 days and still accruing, unless adequately secured and in the process of collection, and restructured loans qualify as “impaired loans.” Restructured loans involve the granting of a concession on the terms of a loan to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty. Concessions may be granted in various forms, including changes in payment schedule or interest rate.
When measuring impairment, the expected future cash flows of an impaired loan are discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate at origination. Alternatively, impairment can be measured by reference to an observable market price, if one exists, or the fair value of the collateral for a collateral-dependent loan. Loans and leases, which are deemed uncollectible, are charged off to the allowance for credit losses, while recoveries of amounts previously charged off are credited to the allowance for credit losses.
Loans are generally placed on non-accrual status when contractually past due 90 days or more as to interest or principal payments. Additionally, whenever management becomes aware of facts or circumstances that may adversely impact the collectability of principal or interest on loans, it is management’s practice to place such loans on non-accrual status immediately, rather than delaying such action until the loans become 90 days past due. Previously accrued and uncollected interest on such loans is reversed. Income is recorded only to the extent a determination has been made that the principal balance of the loan is collectible and the interest payments are subsequently received in cash, or for a restructured loan, the borrower has made six consecutive contractual payments. If collectibility of the principal is in doubt, payments received are applied to loan principal.
Loans past due 90 days or more but still accruing interest are also generally included in nonperforming loans. Loans past due 90 days or more but still accruing are classified as such where the underlying loans are both well secured (the collateral value covers principal and accrued interest) and in the process of collection.
Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans
The ACL on loans is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected. Loans are charged-off against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of a loan balance is confirmed.
Management estimates the allowance using relevant available information, from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Credit loss experience provides the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses. Adjustments to historical loss information are made for differences in current loan-specific risk characteristics such as differences in underwriting standards, portfolio mix, delinquency level, or term as well as for changes in environmental conditions, such as changes in unemployment rates, property values, or other relevant factors.
The ACL on loans is measured on a collective basis when similar risk characteristics exist. The Company has identified the following portfolio segments:
C&I – C&I loans consist of loans to small and medium-sized businesses in a wide variety of industries. These loans are generally collateralized by inventory, accounts receivable, equipment, real estate and other commercial assets, and may be supported by other credit enhancements such as personal guarantees. Risk arises primarily due to a difference between expected and actual cash flows of the borrower. However, the recoverability of these loans is also dependent on other factors primarily dictated by the type of collateral securing these loans. The fair value of the
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collateral securing these loans may fluctuate as market conditions change. Included within C&I are revolving loans supported by borrowing bases that fluctuate depending on the amount of underlying collateral. A portion of C&I loans consists of sponsor finance, which are loans with senior debt exposure to private equity backed companies.
CRE – CRE loans include various types of loans for which the Company holds real property as collateral. Commercial real estate lending activity is typically restricted to owner-occupied properties or to investor properties that are owned by customers with a current banking relationship. The primary risks of CRE loans include the borrower’s inability to pay, material decreases in the value of the real estate being held as collateral and significant increases in interest rates, which may make the real estate mortgage loan unprofitable. Real estate loans may be more adversely affected by conditions in the real estate markets or in the general economy.
Construction and Land Development – The Company originates loans to finance construction projects including 1-4 family residences, multifamily residences, commercial office, and industrial projects. Construction loans are generally collateralized by first liens on the real estate and have floating interest rates. Construction loans are considered to have higher risks due to construction completion and timing risk, and the ultimate repayment being sensitive to interest rate changes, governmental regulation of real property and the availability of long-term financing. Additionally, economic conditions may impact the Company’s ability to recover its investment in construction loans. Adverse economic conditions may negatively impact the real estate market which could affect the borrowers’ ability to complete and sell the project. Additionally, the fair value of the underlying collateral may fluctuate as market conditions change.
Residential Real Estate – The Company originates loans to finance one- to four-family residences, secured by both first and second liens. Repayment of these loans is dependent on the borrowers’ ability to pay and the fair value of the underlying collateral. Residential loans with a second lien are inherently riskier due to the junior lien position.
Agricultural – Agricultural loans are generally secured with equipment, livestock, crops or other non-real property and at times the underlying real property. Agricultural loans are primarily included as a component of CRE and C&I loans.
Consumer – The Company provides a broad range of consumer loans to customers, including personal lines of credit, credit cards, recreational vehicles, yachts and automobile loans. Repayment of these loans is dependent on the borrowers’ ability to pay and the fair value of the underlying collateral. Consumer loans are included as a component of Other loans.
The Company utilizes a DCF method to measure the ACL on loans collectively evaluated that are sub-segmented by credit risk levels. The DCF method incorporates assumptions for probability of default, loss given default, prepayments and curtailments over the contractual term of the loans. In determining the probability of default, the Company utilized regression analysis to determine certain economic factors that are relevant loss drivers in the portfolio segments based on historical or peer evaluations. National unemployment is a loss driver used in nearly all portfolios, except Consumer and first lien Residential Real Estate. The annual percentage change in gross domestic product is also used in C&I, Construction, Agricultural first lien Residential Real Estate, and Consumer portfolios. The annual percentage change in a commercial real estate index, national house price index and national retail sales are used in the CRE, second lien Residential Real Estate and Consumer portfolios, respectively. The contractual term excludes expected extensions, renewals, and modifications unless either of the following applies: management has a reasonable expectation at the reporting date that a troubled debt restructuring will be executed with an individual borrower, or the extension or renewal options are included in the original or modified contract at the reporting date and are not unconditionally cancellable by the Company.
The Company uses a one-year reasonable and supportable forecast that considers baseline, upside and downside economic scenarios. For periods beyond the forecast period, the Company reverts to historical loss rates on a straight-line basis over a one-year period.
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Loans that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. Loans evaluated individually are not also included in the collective evaluation. When management determines foreclosure is probable, expected credit losses are based on the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date, adjusted for selling costs as appropriate.
Loan Charge-Offs
Loans are charged-off when the primary and secondary sources of repayment (cash flow, collateral, guarantors, etc.) are less than their carrying value.
Other Real Estate
Other real estate represents property acquired through foreclosure or deeded to the Company in lieu of foreclosure on loans on which the borrowers have defaulted on the payment of principal or interest. Other real estate is recorded on an individual asset basis at the lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell. The fair value of other real estate is based upon estimates of future cash flows, market value of similar assets, if available, or independent appraisals. These estimates involve significant uncertainties and judgments. As a result, fair value estimates may not be realizable in a current sale or settlement of the other real estate. Subsequent reductions in fair value are expensed within noninterest expense.
Gains and losses resulting from the sale of other real estate are credited or charged to current period earnings. Costs of maintaining and operating other real estate are expensed as incurred, and expenditures to complete or improve other real estate properties are capitalized if the expenditures are expected to be recovered upon ultimate sale of the property.
Fixed Assets
Buildings, leasehold improvements, furniture, fixtures, and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. All categories are computed using the straight-line method over their respective estimated useful lives. Furniture, fixtures and equipment is depreciated over three to ten years and buildings and leasehold improvements over ten to forty years, based upon estimated lives or lease obligation periods.
State Tax Credits
The Company has purchased the rights to receive 10-year streams of state tax credits at agreed upon discount rates and sells such tax credits to its clients and others. State tax credits are accounted for at cost. The Company is also a minority partner in a joint venture, accounted for as an equity method investment, that purchases state income tax credits for resale to customers. Income from both the sale of state tax credits and earnings from the joint venture are reported as tax credit income in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Cash Surrender Value of Life Insurance
The Company has purchased bank-owned life insurance policies on certain bank officers. Bank-owned life insurance is recorded at its cash surrender value. Changes in the cash surrender values, including death benefits in excess of the carrying amount, are included in noninterest income.
Federal Home Loan Bank Stock
The Bank, as a member of the FHLB, is required to maintain an investment in the capital stock of the FHLB. The stock is redeemable at par by the FHLB, and is, therefore, carried at cost and periodically evaluated for impairment. The Company records FHLB dividends in interest income.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
The Company tests goodwill for impairment on an annual basis and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the Company may not be able to recover the respective asset’s carrying amount. The Company’s annual test for impairment was performed in the fourth quarter of December 31, 2021. Such tests involve the use of estimates and assumptions.
Potential impairments to goodwill must first be identified by performing a qualitative assessment which evaluates relevant events or circumstances to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit
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is less than its carrying amount. If this test indicates it is more likely than not that goodwill has been impaired, then a quantitative impairment test is completed. The quantitative impairment test calculates the fair value of the reporting unit and compares it with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds its implied fair market value, an impairment loss is recognized. That loss is equal to the carrying amount of goodwill that is in excess of its implied fair market value.
Core deposit intangibles are amortized using an accelerated method over an estimated useful life of approximately 10 years.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
Long-lived assets, such as fixed assets and purchased intangibles subject to amortization, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized in the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. Assets to be disposed of are separately presented in the balance sheet and reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell, and are no longer depreciated. The assets and liabilities of a disposal group classified as held-for-sale are presented separately in the appropriate asset and liability sections of the balance sheet.
Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities
The Company uses derivative financial instruments to assist in managing interest rate sensitivity and to modify the repricing, maturity and option characteristics of certain assets and liabilities. In addition, the Company also offers an interest rate hedge program that includes interest rate swaps to assist its customers in managing their interest rate risk profile. In order to eliminate the interest rate risk associated with offering these products, the Company enters into derivative contracts with third parties to offset the customer contracts.
Derivative instruments are required to be measured at fair value and recognized as either assets or liabilities in the consolidated financial statements. Fair value represents the payment the Company would receive or pay if the item were sold or bought in a current transaction. The accounting for changes in fair value (gains or losses) of a hedged item is dependent on whether the related derivative is designated and qualifies for “hedge accounting.” The Company assigns derivatives to one of these categories at the purchase date: cash flow hedge, fair value hedge, or non-designated hedges as part of a customer interest-rate swap product. An assessment of the expected and ongoing hedge effectiveness of any derivative designated a fair value hedge or cash flow hedge is performed as required by the accounting standards. Derivatives are included in other assets and other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. The fair value amounts recognized for derivative instruments and the fair value amounts recognized for the right to reclaim or obligation to return cash collateral are not offset when represented under a master netting arrangement. Generally, the only derivative instruments used by the Company have been interest rate swaps, forward currency contracts, and interest rate caps.
Certain derivative financial instruments are not designated as cash flow or as fair value hedges for accounting purposes. These non-designated derivatives are intended to provide interest rate protection on net interest income or noninterest income but do not meet hedge accounting treatment. Customer accommodation interest rate swap contracts are not designated as hedging instruments. Changes in the fair value of these instruments are recorded in interest income or noninterest income in the consolidated statements of income depending on the underlying hedged item.
Income Taxes
The Company and its subsidiaries file a consolidated federal income tax return. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The need for deferred tax asset valuation allowances is based on a more-likely-than-not standard. The ability to realize deferred tax assets depends on the ability to generate sufficient positive taxable
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income within the carryback or carryforward periods provided for in the laws for each applicable taxing jurisdiction. The following possible sources of taxable income are considered: future reversal patterns of existing taxable temporary differences, future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences, taxable income in prior carryback years and the availability of qualified tax planning strategies. The assessment regarding whether a valuation allowance is required or should be adjusted depends on all available positive and negative factors including, but not limited to, nature, frequency, and severity of recent losses, duration of available carryforward periods, experience with tax attributes expiring unused and near and medium term financial outlook. Because of the complexity of tax laws and regulations, interpretation can be difficult and subject to legal judgment given specific facts and circumstances. It is possible that others, given the same information, may at any point in time reach different reasonable conclusions regarding the estimated amounts of accrued taxes.
Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-based compensation is recognized as an expense for stock options, restricted stock awards, performance stock units, and restricted stock units granted to employees, directors, and advisors in return for service. Equity classified awards are measured at the grant date fair value using either an observable market value or a valuation methodology, and are recognized over the requisite service period on a straight-line basis. Forfeitures are recorded as they occur. A description of the Company’s stock-based employee compensation plan is included in “Note 16 - Shareholders’ Equity and Compensation Plans.”
Acquisitions and Divestitures
Acquisitions and business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting. The assets and liabilities of the acquired entities have been recorded at their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition. Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired, including the amount assigned to identifiable intangible assets.
The purchase price allocation process requires an estimation of the fair values of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. When a business combination agreement provides for an adjustment to the cost of the combination contingent on future events, the Company includes an estimate of the acquisition-date fair value as part of the cost of the combination. To determine the fair values, the Company relies on third party valuations, such as appraisals, or internal valuations based on discounted cash flow analyses or other valuation techniques. The results of operations of the acquired business are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition. Merger-related expenses include costs directly related to merger or acquisition activity and include legal and professional fees, system consolidation and conversion costs, and compensation costs such as severance and retention incentives for employees impacted by acquisition activity. The Company accounts for merger-related expenses in the periods in which the costs are incurred and the services are received.
For divestitures, the Company measures an asset (disposal group) classified as held-for-sale at the lower of its carrying value at the date the asset is initially classified as held-for-sale or its fair value less costs to sell. The Company reports the results of operations of an entity or group of components that either has been disposed of or held-for-sale as discontinued operations only if the disposal of that component represents a strategic shift that has or will have a major effect on an entity’s operations and financial results.
Any incremental direct costs incurred to transact the sale are allocated against the gain or loss on the sale. These costs would include items such as legal fees, title transfer fees, broker fees, etc. Any goodwill and intangible assets associated with the portion of the reporting unit to be disposed of is included in the carrying amount of the business in determining the gain or loss on the sale.
Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Common Share
Basic earnings per common share data is calculated by dividing net income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Common shares outstanding include common stock and restricted stock awards where recipients have satisfied the vesting terms. Diluted earnings per common share gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period using the treasury stock method.
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Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income
The Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income includes the amount and the related tax impact that have been reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to net income. The classification adjustment for unrealized loss/gain on sale of securities included in net income has been recorded through the gain on sale of investment securities line item, within noninterest income, in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Share Repurchases
The Company periodically adopts share repurchase plans that authorize open market repurchases of common stock. Shares acquired through the repurchase plan are classified as treasury stock or the shares are immediately retired upon settlement, depending on plan authorization. When shares are retired, the excess of repurchase price over par is allocated between additional paid in capital and retained earnings. The amount allocated to additional paid in capital is limited to the pro rata portion of additional paid in capital at the time of repurchase.
Reclassifications
Certain amounts reported in prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation. The reclassifications had no effect on net income or shareholders’ equity.
NOTE 2 - ACQUISITIONS
The acquisition noted below has been accounted for as a business combination using the acquisition method of accounting which requires assets acquired and liabilities assumed to be recognized at fair value as of the acquisition date. Goodwill arising from the acquisitions consist largely of the synergies and economies of scale expected from combining the operations into Enterprise. None of the goodwill recognized is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.
Acquisition of First Choice Bancorp
On July 21, 2021, the Company closed its acquisition of 100% of First Choice and its wholly-owned subsidiary, FCB, which operated eight full-service branches in California.
First Choice shareholders received 0.6603 shares of EFSC common stock for each First Choice common share and cash in lieu of any fractional shares. In connection with the merger, Enterprise issued approximately 7.8 million shares of EFSC Common Stock valued at $44.01 per share, which was the closing price of Enterprise common stock on July 21, 2021. The value of the transaction consideration was approximately $346 million, which includes approximately $2.1 million payable to holders of First Choice stock options. For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recognized $18.8 million of merger-related costs recorded in noninterest expense in the statement of operations related to the First Choice acquisition.
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The following tables present the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The consideration exchanged, assets acquired and liabilities assumed of First Choice were recorded at estimated fair value on the date of acquisition. Fair values are considered preliminary until final fair values are determined, or the measurement period has passed, which is no later than one year from the date of acquisition.

(in thousands) | As Recorded by First Choice |  | Adjustments |  | As Recorded by EFSC
Assets acquired: |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 214,794 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 214,794 |
Securities | 34,533 |  |  | (44) |  | (a) | 34,489 |
Loans | 1,937,635 |  |  | 5,508 |  | (b) | 1,943,143 |
Allowance | (19,626) |  |  | 12,620 |  | (b) | (7,006) |
Other investments | 19,178 |  |  | 138 |  | (c) | 19,316 |
Fixed assets | 1,869 |  |  | (870) |  | (c) | 999 |
Accrued interest receivable | 7,131 |  |  | 20 |  | (c) | 7,151 |
Goodwill | 73,425 |  |  | (73,425) |  | (d) | — |
Intangible assets | 4,517 |  |  | 375 |  | (e) | 4,892 |
Deferred tax assets | 7,558 |  |  | (1,943) |  | (c) | 5,615 |
Other assets | 23,024 |  |  | 1,645 |  | (c) | 24,669 |
Total assets acquired | $ | 2,304,038 |  |  | $ | (55,976) |  |  | $ | 2,248,062 |
Liabilities assumed: |  |  |  |  |
Deposits | $ | 1,840,716 |  |  | $ | (287) |  | (c) | $ | 1,840,429 |
FHLB advances | 160,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 160,000 |
Accrued interest payable | 124 |  |  | — |  |  | 124 |
Other liabilities | 8,464 |  |  | (2,160) |  | (c) | 6,304 |
Total liabilities assumed | $ | 2,009,304 |  |  | $ | (2,447) |  |  | $ | 2,006,857 |
Net assets acquired | $ | 294,734 |  |  | $ | (53,529) |  |  | $ | 241,205 |
Consideration paid: |  |  |  |  |
Cash |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,152 |
Common stock 1 |  |  |  |  | 343,650 |
Total consideration paid |  |  |  |  | $ | 345,802 |
Goodwill |  |  |  |  | $ | 104,597 |

1 Common stock consideration was $342,280, net of $1,370 for shares withheld on the settlement of share-based awards of FCBP employees.
(a)Fair value adjustments based on the Company’s evaluation of the acquired securities portfolio.
(b)Fair value adjustments based on the Company’s evaluation of the acquired loan portfolio, write-off of net deferred loan costs and elimination of the allowance for loan losses recorded by FCBP.
(c)Other miscellaneous fair value adjustments.
(d)Adjustment to eliminate goodwill.
(e)Eliminate acquired intangibles and record the core deposit intangible asset on the acquired core deposit accounts. Amount to be amortized using a sum-of-years digits method over a useful life of 10 years.
The following table provides the unaudited pro forma information for the results of operations for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, as if the acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2020. The pro forma results combine the historical results of FCBP with the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income, adjusted for the impact of the application of the acquisition method of accounting including amortization and accretion of fair value adjustments. The pro forma results have been prepared for comparative purposes only and are not necessarily indicative of the results that would have been obtained had the acquisition actually occurred on January 1, 2020. No
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assumptions have been applied to the pro forma results of operations regarding possible revenue enhancements, expense efficiencies or asset dispositions. Only the acquisition-related expenses that have been incurred as of December 31, 2021 are included in net income in the table below.

|  |  | Twelve months ended December 31,
(in thousands, except per share data) |  |  |  |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Total revenues (net interest income plus noninterest income) |  |  |  |  | $ | 488,280 |  |  | $ | 420,487 |
Net income |  |  |  |  | 188,416 |  |  | 67,275 |
Diluted earnings per common share |  |  |  |  | 4.86 |  |  | 1.94 |

For the year ended December 31, 2021, total revenue and pre-tax net income from FCBP of $40.5 million and $25.9 million (excluding the provision for credit losses of $25.4 million on the acquired loan portfolio and unfunded loan commitments) were included in the Company’s consolidated results.
NOTE 3 - EARNINGS PER SHARE
The following table presents a summary of earnings per common share data and amounts for the periods indicated.

| Year ended December 31,
($ in thousands, except per share data) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Net income available to common shareholders | $ | 133,055 |  |  | $ | 74,384 |  |  | $ | 92,739 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding | 34,436 |  |  | 26,954 |  |  | 26,045 |
Additional dilutive common stock equivalents | 60 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 114 |
Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding | 34,496 |  |  | 26,989 |  |  | 26,159 |
Basic earnings per common share | $ | 3.86 |  |  | $ | 2.76 |  |  | $ | 3.56 |
Diluted earnings per common share | $ | 3.86 |  |  | $ | 2.76 |  |  | $ | 3.55 |

For 2021, 2020 and 2019, common stock equivalents of approximately 158,000, 156,000 and 21,000, respectively, were excluded from the earnings per share calculation because their effect would have been anti-dilutive.
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NOTE 4 - INVESTMENTS
The following table presents the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses and fair value of securities available-for-sale and held-to-maturity:

| December 31, 2021
($ in thousands) | Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
Available-for-sale securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises | $ | 175,409 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | (1,901) |  |  | $ | 173,511 |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 571,587 |  |  | 5,907 |  |  | (2,410) |  |  | 575,084 |
Agency mortgage-backed securities | 509,243 |  |  | 8,485 |  |  | (3,869) |  |  | 513,859 |
Corporate debt securities | 11,750 |  |  | 632 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,382 |
U.S. Treasury Bills | 90,971 |  |  | 220 |  |  | (21) |  |  | 91,170 |
Total securities available-for-sale | $ | 1,358,960 |  |  | $ | 15,247 |  |  | $ | (8,201) |  |  | $ | 1,366,006 |
Held-to-maturity securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | $ | 236,379 |  |  | $ | 1,794 |  |  | $ | (730) |  |  | $ | 237,443 |
Agency mortgage-backed securities | 68,105 |  |  | 940 |  |  | (666) |  |  | 68,379 |
Corporate debt securities | 125,811 |  |  | 3,039 |  |  | — |  |  | 128,850 |
Total securities held-to-maturity | $ | 430,295 |  |  | $ | 5,773 |  |  | $ | (1,396) |  |  | $ | 434,672 |
Allowance for credit losses | (614) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total securities held-to-maturity, net | $ | 429,681 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| December 31, 2020
($ in thousands) | Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
Available-for-sale securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises | $ | 14,978 |  |  | $ | 186 |  |  | $ | (3) |  |  | $ | 15,161 |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 335,271 |  |  | 8,994 |  |  | (33) |  |  | 344,232 |
Agency mortgage-backed securities | 506,703 |  |  | 20,190 |  |  | (321) |  |  | 526,572 |
Corporate debt securities | 14,750 |  |  | 248 |  |  | — |  |  | 14,998 |
U.S. Treasury Bills | 10,980 |  |  | 486 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,466 |
Total securities available-for-sale | $ | 882,682 |  |  | $ | 30,104 |  |  | $ | (357) |  |  | $ | 912,429 |
Held-to-maturity securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | $ | 248,324 |  |  | $ | 2,814 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 251,138 |
Agency mortgage-backed securities | 112,742 |  |  | 2,295 |  |  | (496) |  |  | 114,541 |
Corporate debt securities | 126,993 |  |  | 8,851 |  |  | — |  |  | 135,844 |
Total securities held-to-maturity | $ | 488,059 |  |  | $ | 13,960 |  |  | $ | (496) |  |  | $ | 501,523 |
Allowance for credit losses | (449) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total securities held-to-maturity, net | $ | 487,610 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

During 2020, the Company transferred securities with a book value of $331.0 million and fair value of $352.6 million from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity. The Company believes the held-to-maturity category is more consistent with the Company’s intent for these securities. The transfer of securities was made at fair value at the time of transfer. The unamortized portion of the unrealized holding gain at the time of transfer is retained in accumulated other comprehensive income and in the carrying value of held-to-maturity securities. Accordingly, the
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balance of held-to-maturity securities in the “Amortized cost” column in the table above includes a net unamortized unrealized gain of $21.0 million and $25.6 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Such amounts are amortized over the remaining life of the securities. In January 2022, the Company transferred securities with a book value of $116.7 million from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity.
At December 31, 2021, and 2020, there were no holdings of securities of any one issuer in an amount greater than 10% of shareholders’ equity, other than the U.S. Government agencies and sponsored enterprises. The agency mortgage-backed securities are all issued by U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises. Securities having a fair value of $752.7 million and $525.8 million at December 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020, respectively, were pledged as collateral to secure deposits of public institutions and for other purposes as required by law or contract provisions.
The amortized cost and estimated fair value of debt securities at December 31, 2021, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

| Available-for-sale |  | Held-to-maturity
($ in thousands) | Amortized Cost |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Amortized Cost |  | Estimated Fair Value
Due in one year or less | $ | 81,809 |  |  | $ | 81,797 |  |  | $ | 211 |  |  | $ | 214 |
Due after one year through five years | 166,470 |  |  | 165,161 |  |  | 13,793 |  |  | 13,998 |
Due after five years through ten years | 40,130 |  |  | 40,568 |  |  | 143,900 |  |  | 146,933 |
Due after ten years | 561,308 |  |  | 564,621 |  |  | 204,286 |  |  | 205,148 |
Agency mortgage-backed securities | 509,243 |  |  | 513,859 |  |  | 68,105 |  |  | 68,379 |
| $ | 1,358,960 |  |  | $ | 1,366,006 |  |  | $ | 430,295 |  |  | $ | 434,672 |

There were approximately 290 available-for-sale securities and 30 available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, included in the following tables:

| December 31, 2021
Less than 12 months |  | 12 months or more |  | Total
($ in thousands) | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses
Obligations of U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises | $ | 163,634 |  |  | $ | 1,775 |  |  | $ | 4,874 |  |  | $ | 126 |  |  | $ | 168,508 |  |  | $ | 1,901 |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 242,188 |  |  | 2,361 |  |  | 1,776 |  |  | 49 |  |  | 243,964 |  |  | 2,410 |
Agency mortgage-backed securities | 259,047 |  |  | 3,685 |  |  | 6,467 |  |  | 184 |  |  | 265,514 |  |  | 3,869 |
U.S. Treasury Bills | 60,961 |  |  | 21 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 60,961 |  |  | 21 |
| $ | 725,830 |  |  | $ | 7,842 |  |  | $ | 13,117 |  |  | $ | 359 |  |  | $ | 738,947 |  |  | $ | 8,201 |
| December 31, 2020
Less than 12 months |  | 12 months or more |  | Total
($ in thousands) | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses
Obligations of U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises | $ | 4,997 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,997 |  |  | $ | 3 |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 4,079 |  |  | 33 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,079 |  |  | 33 |
Agency mortgage-backed securities | 65,986 |  |  | 321 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 65,986 |  |  | 321 |
| $ | 75,062 |  |  | $ | 357 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 75,062 |  |  | $ | 357 |

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The unrealized losses at both December 31, 2021, and 2020, were primarily attributable to changes in market interest rates since the securities were purchased. At both December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company had not recorded an ACL on available-for-sale securities.
Accrued interest receivable on held-to-maturity debt securities totaled $3.4 million and $3.6 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and is excluded from the estimate of expected credit losses. The estimate of expected credit losses considers historical credit loss information adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the ACL on held-to-maturity securities was $0.6 million and $0.4 million, respectively.
The proceeds, gross gains and losses realized from sales of available-for-sale investment securities were as follows:

| December 31,
($ in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Gross gains realized | $ | — |  |  | $ | 421 |  |  | $ | 400 |
Gross losses realized | — |  |  | — |  |  | (449) |
Proceeds from sales | 27,135 |  |  | 20,221 |  |  | 357,976 |

Other Investments
At December 31, 2021, and 2020, other investments totaled $59.9 million and $48.8 million, respectively. As a member of the FHLB system administered by the Federal Housing Finance Agency, the Bank is required to maintain a minimum investment in capital stock with the FHLB consisting of membership stock and activity-based stock. The FHLB capital stock of $12.1 million, and $10.8 million at December 31, 2021, and 2020, respectively, is recorded at cost, which represents redemption value, and is included in other investments in the consolidated balance sheets. The remaining amounts in other investments primarily include various investments in SBICs, CDFIs, and the Company’s investment in unconsolidated trusts used to issue preferred securities to third parties, see “Note 11 – Subordinated Debentures.”
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NOTE 5 - LOANS

Below is a summary of loans by category at December 31, 2021 and 2020:

($ in thousands) | December 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Commercial and industrial | $ | 3,396,590 |  |  | $ | 3,100,299 |
Real estate loans: |  |  |
Commercial - investor owned | 2,141,143 |  |  | 1,589,419 |
Commercial - owner occupied | 2,035,785 |  |  | 1,498,408 |
Construction and land development | 734,073 |  |  | 546,686 |
Residential | 454,052 |  |  | 319,179 |
Total real estate loans | 5,365,053 |  |  | 3,953,692 |
Other | 265,137 |  |  | 187,083 |
Loans, before unearned loan fees | 9,026,780 |  |  | 7,241,074 |
Unearned loan fees, net | (9,138) |  |  | (16,139) |
Loans, including unearned loan fees | $ | 9,017,642 |  |  | $ | 7,224,935 |

PPP loans totaled $276.2 million at December 31, 2021, or $272.0 million net of unearned fees of $4.2 million. PPP loans totaled $709.9 million at December 31, 2020, or $698.6 million net of unearned fees of $11.3 million. The loan balance includes a net premium on acquired loans of $11.9 million and $16.1 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. At December 31, 2021 loans of $2.5 billion were pledged to the FHLB and the Federal Reserve.
Loans to executive officers and directors, or to entities in which such individuals had beneficial interests as a shareholder, officer, or director totaled $5.7 million for each year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. Such loans were made in the normal course of business on substantially the same terms, including interest rates and collateral, as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with other customers and did not involve more than the normal risk of collectibility.

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A summary of the activity, by loan category, in the allowance for loan losses for 2019, excluding the allowance on PCI loans, and the ACL on loans for 2020 and 2021 is as follows:

($ in thousands) | Commercial and industrial |  | CRE - investor owned |  | CRE - owner occupied |  | Construction and land development |  | Residential real estate |  | Other |  |  |  | Total
Balance at December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of year | $ | 29,039 |  |  | $ | 4,683 |  |  | $ | 4,239 |  |  | $ | 1,987 |  |  | $ | 1,616 |  |  | $ | 731 |  |  |  |  | $ | 42,295 |
Provision for loan losses | 4,801 |  |  | 1,708 |  |  | 673 |  |  | (237) |  |  | (330) |  |  | 67 |  |  |  |  | 6,682 |
Charge-offs | (6,882) |  |  | (551) |  |  | (58) |  |  | (54) |  |  | (667) |  |  | (382) |  |  |  |  | (8,594) |
Recoveries | 338 |  |  | 95 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 776 |  |  | 661 |  |  | 295 |  |  |  |  | 2,184 |
Balance, end of year | $ | 27,296 |  |  | $ | 5,935 |  |  | $ | 4,873 |  |  | $ | 2,472 |  |  | $ | 1,280 |  |  | $ | 711 |  |  |  |  | $ | 42,567 |
Balance at December 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at December 31, 2019 | $ | 27,296 |  |  | $ | 5,935 |  |  | $ | 4,873 |  |  | $ | 2,472 |  |  | $ | 1,280 |  |  | $ | 711 |  |  |  |  | $ | 42,567 |
PCI allowance at December 31, 2019 | 159 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 139 |  |  | — |  |  | 423 |  |  |  |  | 721 |
CECL adoption | 6,494 |  |  | 10,726 |  |  | 2,598 |  |  | 5,183 |  |  | 3,470 |  |  | (84) |  |  |  |  | 28,387 |
PCD loans immediately charged off | — |  |  | (5) |  |  | (57) |  |  | (217) |  |  | (1,401) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (1,680) |
Balance, beginning of year | $ | 33,949 |  |  | $ | 16,656 |  |  | $ | 7,414 |  |  | $ | 7,577 |  |  | $ | 3,349 |  |  | $ | 1,050 |  |  |  |  | $ | 69,995 |
Provision for loan losses | 28,373 |  |  | 11,037 |  |  | 7,845 |  |  | 13,438 |  |  | 674 |  |  | 2,012 |  |  |  |  | 63,379 |
Initial allowance on acquired PCD loans | 23 |  |  | 2,026 |  |  | 1,427 |  |  | 45 |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 3,524 |
Charge-offs | (5,381) |  |  | (498) |  |  | (30) |  |  | (31) |  |  | (408) |  |  | (391) |  |  |  |  | (6,739) |
Recoveries | 1,848 |  |  | 2,841 |  |  | 356 |  |  | 384 |  |  | 967 |  |  | 116 |  |  |  |  | 6,512 |
Balance, end of year | $ | 58,812 |  |  | $ | 32,062 |  |  | $ | 17,012 |  |  | $ | 21,413 |  |  | $ | 4,585 |  |  | $ | 2,787 |  |  |  |  | $ | 136,671 |
Balance at December 31, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for credit losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of year | $ | 58,812 |  |  | $ | 32,062 |  |  | $ | 17,012 |  |  | $ | 21,413 |  |  | $ | 4,585 |  |  | $ | 2,787 |  |  |  |  | $ | 136,671 |
Provision (benefit) for loan losses | 14,361 |  |  | 568 |  |  | (550) |  |  | (7,365) |  |  | 3,900 |  |  | 2,079 |  |  |  |  | 12,993 |
Initial allowance on acquired PCD loans | 1,077 |  |  | 3,651 |  |  | 1,504 |  |  | 37 |  |  | — |  |  | 737 |  |  |  |  | 7,006 |
Charge-offs | (12,113) |  |  | (2,487) |  |  | (602) |  |  | (3) |  |  | (1,521) |  |  | (459) |  |  |  |  | (17,185) |
Recoveries | 1,688 |  |  | 2,083 |  |  | 196 |  |  | 454 |  |  | 963 |  |  | 172 |  |  |  |  | 5,556 |
Balance, end of year | $ | 63,825 |  |  | $ | 35,877 |  |  | $ | 17,560 |  |  | $ | 14,536 |  |  | $ | 7,927 |  |  | $ | 5,316 |  |  |  |  | $ | 145,041 |

The ACL on sponsor finance loans, which is included in the categories above, represented $18.2 million and $19.0 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
On January 1, 2020, the Company adopted the CECL methodology which added $28.4 million to the ACL on loans. Upon adoption, $1.7 million of nonaccrual PCD loans with individual outstanding balances of less than $100,000 were immediately charged-off. Under the CECL method, the Company recorded $13.0 million and $63.4 million in provision for credit losses on loans for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. An additional provision for credit losses of $0.4 million and $2.0 million was recorded in 2021 and 2020, respectively, for HTM securities, unfunded commitments and the recapture of accrued interest on nonaccrual loans. In 2019, a $6.7 million provision for loan losses (excluding the allowance release on PCI loans) was recorded under the incurred loss method. Acquisition-related provision expense of $25.4 million and $8.6 million in 2021 and 2020, respectively, was included in the provision for credit losses. This expense, commonly referred to as the “CECL double-count”, is recognized when a loan portfolio is acquired.
The CECL methodology incorporates various economic scenarios. The Company utilizes three forecasts in the model; Moody’s baseline, a stronger near-term growth upside and a moderate recession downside forecast. The Company weights these scenarios at 40%, 30%, and 30%, respectively, which added approximately $17.5 million to the ACL over the baseline model. These forecasts incorporate an expectation that government stimulus will decline, the Federal Reserve will wind down quantitative easing and begin raising the federal funds rate, and that the
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pandemic will begin to slowly recede. The Company has also recognized the risk posed by loans that have received multiple deferrals of principal and interest payments, including the hospitality sector, by allocating additional reserves to those segments. Some of the key risks to the forecasts that could result in future provision for credit losses are additional shutdowns and self-quarantines from another significant wave of COVID, continued or worsening supply-chain issues, labor supply and job growth worsens, or financial market conditions tighten.
In addition to the CECL methodology, the Company incorporates qualitative adjustments into the ACL on loans to capture credit risks inherent within the loan portfolio that are not captured in the DCF model. Included in these risks are 1) changes in lending policies and procedures, 2) actual and expected changes in business and economic conditions, 3) changes in the nature and volume of the portfolio, 4) changes in lending management, 5) changes in volume and the severity of past due loans, 6) changes in the quality of the loan review system, 7) changes in the value of underlying collateral, 8) the existence and effect of concentrations of credit and 9) other factors such as the regulatory, legal and competitive environments and events such as natural disasters and pandemics. At December 31, 2021, the ACL on loans included a qualitative adjustment of approximately $39.1 million. Of this amount, approximately $8.6 million was allocated to Sponsor Finance loans due to their unsecured nature.

The recorded investment in nonperforming loans by category at December 31, 2021 and 2020 is as follows:

| December 31, 2021
($ in thousands) | Non-accrual |  | Restructured, accruing |  | Loans over 90 days past due and still accruing interest |  | Total nonperforming loans |  | Nonaccrual loans with no allowance
Commercial and industrial | $ | 17,052 |  |  | $ | 2,783 |  |  | $ | 1,703 |  |  | $ | 21,538 |  |  | $ | 5,685 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial - investor owned | 1,575 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,575 |  |  | 168 |
Commercial - owner occupied | 2,839 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,839 |  |  | 2,550 |
Residential | 1,971 |  |  | 76 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 2,048 |  |  | 1,348 |
Other | 12 |  |  | — |  |  | 12 |  |  | 24 |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 23,449 |  |  | $ | 2,859 |  |  | $ | 1,716 |  |  | $ | 28,024 |  |  | $ | 9,751 |

| December 31, 2020
($ in thousands) | Non-accrual |  | Restructured, accruing |  | Loans over 90 days past due and still accruing interest |  | Total nonperforming loans |  | Nonaccrual loans with no allowance
Commercial and industrial | $ | 18,158 |  |  | $ | 3,482 |  |  | $ | 130 |  |  | $ | 21,770 |  |  | $ | 8,316 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial - investor owned | 9,579 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,579 |  |  | 716 |
Commercial - owner occupied | 2,940 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,940 |  |  | 6,024 |
Residential | 4,112 |  |  | 77 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,189 |  |  | — |
Other | 29 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 29 |  |  | 3,190 |
Total | $ | 34,818 |  |  | $ | 3,559 |  |  | $ | 130 |  |  | $ | 38,507 |  |  | $ | 18,246 |

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The amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent nonperforming loans by class of loan is presented for the periods indicated:

| December 31, 2021
| Type of Collateral
(in thousands) | Commercial Real Estate |  | Residential Real Estate |  | Blanket Lien |  |
Commercial and industrial | $ | 4,271 |  |  | $ | 209 |  |  | $ | 9,312 |  |  |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial - investor owned | 169 |  |  | 1,200 |  |  | — |  |  |
Commercial - owner occupied | 2,807 |  |  | 32 |  |  | — |  |  |
Residential | — |  |  | 2,048 |  |  | — |  |  |
Total | $ | 7,247 |  |  | $ | 3,489 |  |  | $ | 9,312 |  |  |

| December 31, 2020
| Type of Collateral
(in thousands) | Commercial Real Estate |  | Residential Real Estate |  | Blanket Lien |  | Other
Commercial and industrial | $ | 8,316 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 394 |  |  | $ | — |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial - investor owned | 9,579 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Commercial - owner occupied | 2,940 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Residential | — |  |  | 4,135 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 17 |
Total | $ | 20,835 |  |  | $ | 4,135 |  |  | $ | 394 |  |  | $ | 17 |

The recorded investment by category for loans restructured during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 is as follows:

| Year ended December 31, 2021 |  | Year ended December 31, 2020
($ in thousands, except for number of loans) | Number of Loans |  | Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Balance |  | Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Balance |  | Number of Loans |  | Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Balance |  | Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Balance
Commercial and industrial | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | $ | 7,447 |  |  | $ | 7,447 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential | 1 |  |  | 221 |  |  | 221 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 372 |  |  | 372 |
Total | 1 |  |  | $ | 221 |  |  | $ | 221 |  |  | 6 |  |  | $ | 7,819 |  |  | $ | 7,819 |

Restructured loans primarily resulted from interest rate concessions. As of December 31, 2021, the Company allocated an immaterial amount in specific reserves to loans that have been restructured.
Loans restructured that subsequently defaulted during the year ended December 31, 2021 are as follows:

| Year ended December 31, 2021 |  |
($ in thousands, except for number of loans) | Number of Loans |  | Recorded Balance |  |  |  |
Real Estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential | 1 |  |  | 148 |  |  |  |  |

There were no restructured loans that subsequently defaulted during the year ended December 31, 2020.
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In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company implemented short-term deferral programs allowing customers to primarily defer payments for up to 90 days. Deferrals under the CARES Act or interagency guidance are not included above as troubled debt restructurings. As of December 31, 2021, substantially all of these loans have returned to a current payment status.
The aging of the recorded investment in past due loans by class and category at December 31, 2021 and 2020 is shown below:

| December 31, 2021
($ in thousands) | 30-89 Days Past Due |  | 90 or More Days Past Due |  | Total Past Due |  | Current |  | Total
Commercial and industrial | $ | 24,447 |  |  | $ | 14,158 |  |  | $ | 38,605 |  |  | $ | 3,353,770 |  |  | $ | 3,392,375 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial - investor owned | 3,880 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,880 |  |  | 2,137,263 |  |  | 2,141,143 |
Commercial - owner occupied | 10,070 |  |  | 289 |  |  | 10,359 |  |  | 2,025,426 |  |  | 2,035,785 |
Construction and land development | 24 |  |  | — |  |  | 24 |  |  | 734,049 |  |  | 734,073 |
Residential | 3,181 |  |  | 1,305 |  |  | 4,486 |  |  | 449,566 |  |  | 454,052 |
Other | 37 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 48 |  |  | 260,166 |  |  | 260,214 |
Total | $ | 41,639 |  |  | $ | 15,763 |  |  | $ | 57,402 |  |  | $ | 8,960,240 |  |  | $ | 9,017,642 |

| December 31, 2020
($ in thousands) | 30-89 Days Past Due |  | 90 or More Days Past Due |  | Total Past Due |  | Current |  | Total
Commercial and industrial | $ | 8,652 |  |  | $ | 12,928 |  |  | $ | 21,580 |  |  | $ | 3,067,415 |  |  | $ | 3,088,995 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial - investor owned | 734 |  |  | 9,301 |  |  | 10,035 |  |  | 1,579,384 |  |  | 1,589,419 |
Commercial - owner occupied | 328 |  |  | 4,647 |  |  | 4,975 |  |  | 1,493,433 |  |  | 1,498,408 |
Construction and land development | 13 |  |  | — |  |  | 13 |  |  | 546,673 |  |  | 546,686 |
Residential | 2,071 |  |  | 2,118 |  |  | 4,189 |  |  | 314,990 |  |  | 319,179 |
Other | 1,731 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 1,781 |  |  | 180,467 |  |  | 182,248 |
Total | $ | 13,529 |  |  | $ | 29,044 |  |  | $ | 42,573 |  |  | $ | 7,182,362 |  |  | $ | 7,224,935 |

The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt, such as current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, and current economic factors among other factors. This analysis is performed on a quarterly basis. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings:
•Grades 1, 2, and 3 – Includes loans to borrowers with a continuous record of strong earnings, sound balance sheet condition and capitalization, ample liquidity with solid cash flow, and whose management team has experience and depth within their industry.
•Grade 4 – Includes loans to borrowers with positive trends in profitability, satisfactory capitalization and balance sheet condition, and sufficient liquidity and cash flow.
•Grade 5 – Includes loans to borrowers that may display fluctuating trends in sales, profitability, capitalization, liquidity, and cash flow.
•Grade 6 – Includes loans to borrowers where an adverse change or perceived weakness has occurred, but may be correctable in the near future. Alternatively, this rating category may also include circumstances where the borrower is starting to reverse a negative trend or condition, or has recently been upgraded from a 7, 8, or 9 rating.
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•Grade 7 – Watch credits are borrowers that have experienced financial setback of a nature that is not determined to be severe or influence ‘ongoing concern’ expectations. Although possible, no loss is anticipated, due to strong collateral and/or guarantor support.
•Grade 8 – Substandard credits will include those borrowers characterized by significant losses and sustained downward trends in balance sheet condition, liquidity, and cash flow. Repayment reliance may have shifted to secondary sources. Collateral exposure may exist and additional reserves may be warranted.
•Grade 9 – Doubtful credits include borrowers that may show deteriorating trends that are unlikely to be corrected. Collateral values may appear insufficient for full recovery, therefore requiring a partial charge-off, or debt renegotiation with the borrower. The borrower may have declared bankruptcy or bankruptcy is likely in the near term. All doubtful rated credits will be on non-accrual.
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The recorded investment by risk category of the loans by class and year of origination is presented in the following tables as of the dates indicated:

|  | December 31, 2021
|  | Term Loans by Origination Year |  |  |  |  |  |
(in thousands) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | Prior |  | Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans |  | Revolving Loans |  | Total
Commercial and industrial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass (1-6) |  | $ | 1,180,601 |  |  | $ | 477,374 |  |  | $ | 317,869 |  |  | $ | 132,851 |  |  | $ | 116,738 |  |  | $ | 82,846 |  |  | $ | 11,648 |  |  | $ | 854,102 |  |  | $ | 3,174,029 |
Watch (7) |  | 35,005 |  |  | 17,502 |  |  | 9,404 |  |  | 9,880 |  |  | 12,217 |  |  | 10,979 |  |  | 4,037 |  |  | 53,595 |  |  | 152,619 |
Classified (8-9) |  | 14,917 |  |  | 3,530 |  |  | 3,840 |  |  | 1,689 |  |  | 2,988 |  |  | 813 |  |  | 787 |  |  | 10,996 |  |  | 39,560 |
Total Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 1,230,523 |  |  | $ | 498,406 |  |  | $ | 331,113 |  |  | $ | 144,420 |  |  | $ | 131,943 |  |  | $ | 94,638 |  |  | $ | 16,472 |  |  | $ | 918,693 |  |  | $ | 3,366,208 |
Commercial real estate-investor owned |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass (1-6) |  | $ | 651,740 |  |  | $ | 476,946 |  |  | $ | 346,245 |  |  | $ | 146,107 |  |  | $ | 112,043 |  |  | $ | 217,808 |  |  | $ | 3,625 |  |  | $ | 68,236 |  |  | $ | 2,022,750 |
Watch (7) |  | 16,871 |  |  | 35,908 |  |  | 32,755 |  |  | 1,003 |  |  | 502 |  |  | 17,478 |  |  | 300 |  |  | 2,062 |  |  | 106,879 |
Classified (8-9) |  | 1,376 |  |  | 3,135 |  |  | 835 |  |  | 817 |  |  | 1,159 |  |  | 4,141 |  |  | — |  |  | 50 |  |  | 11,513 |
Total Commercial real estate-investor owned |  | $ | 669,987 |  |  | $ | 515,989 |  |  | $ | 379,835 |  |  | $ | 147,927 |  |  | $ | 113,704 |  |  | $ | 239,427 |  |  | $ | 3,925 |  |  | $ | 70,348 |  |  | $ | 2,141,142 |
Commercial real estate-owner occupied |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass (1-6) |  | $ | 604,975 |  |  | $ | 423,263 |  |  | $ | 278,830 |  |  | $ | 164,210 |  |  | $ | 140,515 |  |  | $ | 235,973 |  |  | $ | 250 |  |  | $ | 48,349 |  |  | $ | 1,896,365 |
Watch (7) |  | 12,825 |  |  | 13,585 |  |  | 4,301 |  |  | 16,774 |  |  | 10,274 |  |  | 15,764 |  |  | — |  |  | 300 |  |  | 73,823 |
Classified (8-9) |  | 2,048 |  |  | 556 |  |  | 9,181 |  |  | 17,016 |  |  | 6,432 |  |  | 6,959 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 42,192 |
Total Commercial real estate-owner occupied |  | $ | 619,848 |  |  | $ | 437,404 |  |  | $ | 292,312 |  |  | $ | 198,000 |  |  | $ | 157,221 |  |  | $ | 258,696 |  |  | $ | 250 |  |  | $ | 48,649 |  |  | $ | 2,012,380 |
Construction real estate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass (1-6) |  | $ | 310,140 |  |  | $ | 229,396 |  |  | $ | 70,531 |  |  | $ | 35,936 |  |  | $ | 14,860 |  |  | $ | 7,180 |  |  | $ | 568 |  |  | $ | 2,992 |  |  | $ | 671,603 |
Watch (7) |  | 28,947 |  |  | 15,348 |  |  | 60 |  |  | 1,199 |  |  | 11,068 |  |  | 2,330 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 58,952 |
Classified (8-9) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 387 |  |  | 419 |  |  | — |  |  | 22 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 828 |
Total Construction real estate |  | $ | 339,087 |  |  | $ | 244,744 |  |  | $ | 70,978 |  |  | $ | 37,554 |  |  | $ | 25,928 |  |  | $ | 9,532 |  |  | $ | 568 |  |  | $ | 2,992 |  |  | $ | 731,383 |
Residential real estate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass (1-6) |  | $ | 116,352 |  |  | $ | 66,481 |  |  | $ | 21,356 |  |  | $ | 14,841 |  |  | $ | 24,778 |  |  | $ | 103,840 |  |  | $ | 9,980 |  |  | $ | 87,146 |  |  | $ | 444,774 |
Watch (7) |  | 2,425 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 622 |  |  | 1,157 |  |  | 248 |  |  | 1,305 |  |  | — |  |  | 79 |  |  | 5,838 |
Classified (8-9) |  | 414 |  |  | 169 |  |  | 554 |  |  | — |  |  | 12 |  |  | 2,024 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,173 |
Total residential real estate |  | $ | 119,191 |  |  | $ | 66,652 |  |  | $ | 22,532 |  |  | $ | 15,998 |  |  | $ | 25,038 |  |  | $ | 107,169 |  |  | $ | 9,980 |  |  | $ | 87,225 |  |  | $ | 453,785 |
Other |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass (1-6) |  | $ | 108,209 |  |  | $ | 68,806 |  |  | $ | 22,684 |  |  | $ | 23,145 |  |  | $ | 6,924 |  |  | $ | 13,832 |  |  | $ | 1,500 |  |  | $ | 9,166 |  |  | $ | 254,266 |
Watch (7) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,440 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 2,445 |
Classified (8-9) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10 |  |  | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | 16 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 38 |
Total Other |  | $ | 108,209 |  |  | $ | 68,806 |  |  | $ | 22,694 |  |  | $ | 23,159 |  |  | $ | 6,924 |  |  | $ | 16,288 |  |  | $ | 1,500 |  |  | $ | 9,169 |  |  | $ | 256,749 |
Total loans classified by risk category |  | $ | 3,086,845 |  |  | $ | 1,832,001 |  |  | $ | 1,119,464 |  |  | $ | 567,058 |  |  | $ | 460,758 |  |  | $ | 725,750 |  |  | $ | 32,695 |  |  | $ | 1,137,076 |  |  | $ | 8,961,647 |
Total loans classified by performing status |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 55,995 |
Total loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 9,017,642 |

90

|  | December 31, 2020
|  | Term Loans by Origination Year |  |  |  |  |  |
(in thousands) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | Prior |  | Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans |  | Revolving Loans |  | Total
Commercial and industrial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass (1-6) |  | $ | 1,402,276 |  |  | $ | 454,729 |  |  | $ | 262,258 |  |  | $ | 132,832 |  |  | $ | 25,057 |  |  | $ | 58,315 |  |  | $ | 14,118 |  |  | $ | 527,170 |  |  | $ | 2,876,755 |
Watch (7) |  | 44,922 |  |  | 15,369 |  |  | 9,585 |  |  | 7,509 |  |  | 19,613 |  |  | 110 |  |  | — |  |  | 60,448 |  |  | 157,556 |
Classified (8-9) |  | 6,602 |  |  | 9,219 |  |  | 3,115 |  |  | 3,964 |  |  | 4,490 |  |  | 1,080 |  |  | 1,281 |  |  | 22,432 |  |  | 52,183 |
Total Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 1,453,800 |  |  | $ | 479,317 |  |  | $ | 274,958 |  |  | $ | 144,305 |  |  | $ | 49,160 |  |  | $ | 59,505 |  |  | $ | 15,399 |  |  | $ | 610,050 |  |  | $ | 3,086,494 |
Commercial real estate-investor owned |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass (1-6) |  | $ | 481,867 |  |  | $ | 338,843 |  |  | $ | 189,305 |  |  | $ | 131,718 |  |  | $ | 138,288 |  |  | $ | 161,439 |  |  | $ | 6,509 |  |  | $ | 32,058 |  |  | $ | 1,480,027 |
Watch (7) |  | 32,308 |  |  | 19,722 |  |  | 6,656 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,647 |  |  | 17,370 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 85,703 |
Classified (8-9) |  | — |  |  | 5,278 |  |  | 8,716 |  |  | 5,830 |  |  | 1,245 |  |  | 2,620 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 23,689 |
Total Commercial real estate-investor owned |  | $ | 514,175 |  |  | $ | 363,843 |  |  | $ | 204,677 |  |  | $ | 137,548 |  |  | $ | 149,180 |  |  | $ | 181,429 |  |  | $ | 6,509 |  |  | $ | 32,058 |  |  | $ | 1,589,419 |
Commercial real estate-owner occupied |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass (1-6) |  | $ | 419,142 |  |  | $ | 287,001 |  |  | $ | 215,181 |  |  | $ | 179,382 |  |  | $ | 104,470 |  |  | $ | 167,456 |  |  | $ | 2,672 |  |  | $ | 45,323 |  |  | $ | 1,420,627 |
Watch (7) |  | 13,657 |  |  | 5,257 |  |  | 3,113 |  |  | 6,198 |  |  | 4,338 |  |  | 8,460 |  |  | 1,776 |  |  | 941 |  |  | 43,740 |
Classified (8-9) |  | 2,420 |  |  | 7,427 |  |  | 5,822 |  |  | 6,140 |  |  | 1,309 |  |  | 10,860 |  |  | — |  |  | 63 |  |  | 34,041 |
Total Commercial real estate-owner occupied |  | $ | 435,219 |  |  | $ | 299,685 |  |  | $ | 224,116 |  |  | $ | 191,720 |  |  | $ | 110,117 |  |  | $ | 186,776 |  |  | $ | 4,448 |  |  | $ | 46,327 |  |  | $ | 1,498,408 |
Construction real estate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass (1-6) |  | $ | 223,069 |  |  | $ | 156,360 |  |  | $ | 45,460 |  |  | $ | 18,579 |  |  | $ | 11,539 |  |  | $ | 9,144 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 28,880 |  |  | $ | 493,031 |
Watch (7) |  | 2,544 |  |  | 86 |  |  | 34,179 |  |  | 11,632 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,499 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 50,940 |
Classified (8-9) |  | 56 |  |  | 2,124 |  |  | 503 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 31 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,715 |
Total Construction real estate |  | $ | 225,669 |  |  | $ | 158,570 |  |  | $ | 80,142 |  |  | $ | 30,212 |  |  | $ | 11,539 |  |  | $ | 11,674 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 28,880 |  |  | $ | 546,686 |
Residential real estate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass (1-6) |  | $ | 57,059 |  |  | $ | 27,907 |  |  | $ | 17,718 |  |  | $ | 17,138 |  |  | $ | 27,443 |  |  | $ | 92,657 |  |  | $ | 1,172 |  |  | $ | 66,902 |  |  | $ | 307,996 |
Watch (7) |  | 210 |  |  | 840 |  |  | 526 |  |  | — |  |  | 514 |  |  | 1,603 |  |  | 287 |  |  | 511 |  |  | 4,491 |
Classified (8-9) |  | 571 |  |  | 733 |  |  | 121 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 898 |  |  | 3,181 |  |  | — |  |  | 253 |  |  | 5,771 |
Total residential real estate |  | $ | 57,840 |  |  | $ | 29,480 |  |  | $ | 18,365 |  |  | $ | 17,152 |  |  | $ | 28,855 |  |  | $ | 97,441 |  |  | $ | 1,459 |  |  | $ | 67,666 |  |  | $ | 318,258 |
Other |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass (1-6) |  | $ | 43,526 |  |  | $ | 28,195 |  |  | $ | 30,074 |  |  | $ | 9,646 |  |  | $ | 5,641 |  |  | $ | 17,027 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 40,779 |  |  | $ | 174,888 |
Watch (7) |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,637 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 2,647 |
Classified (8-9) |  | — |  |  | 18 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 13 |  |  | — |  |  | 17 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 79 |
Total Other |  | $ | 43,526 |  |  | $ | 28,214 |  |  | $ | 30,101 |  |  | $ | 9,659 |  |  | $ | 5,641 |  |  | $ | 19,681 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 40,784 |  |  | $ | 177,614 |
Total loans classified by risk category |  | $ | 2,730,229 |  |  | $ | 1,359,109 |  |  | $ | 832,359 |  |  | $ | 530,596 |  |  | $ | 354,492 |  |  | $ | 556,506 |  |  | $ | 27,823 |  |  | $ | 825,765 |  |  | $ | 7,216,879 |
Total loans classified by performing status |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8,056 |
Total loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 7,224,935 |

91

In the tables above, loan originations in 2021 and 2020 with a classification of watch or classified primarily represent renewals or modifications initially underwritten and originated in prior years.
For certain loans, primarily credit cards, the Company evaluates credit quality based on the aging status.
The following tables present the recorded investment on loans based on aging status:

| December 31, 2021
(in thousands) | Performing |  | Non Performing |  | Total
Commercial and industrial | $ | 26,166 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 26,167 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |
Commercial - investor owned | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Commercial - owner occupied | 23,405 |  |  | — |  |  | 23,405 |
Construction and land development | 2,690 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,690 |
Residential | 267 |  |  | — |  |  | 267 |
Other | 3,453 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 3,465 |
Total | $ | 55,982 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 55,995 |

| December 31, 2020
(in thousands) | Performing |  | Non Performing |  | Total
Commercial and industrial | $ | 2,502 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,502 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |
Residential | 921 |  |  | — |  |  | 921 |
Other | 4,612 |  |  | 21 |  |  | 4,633 |
Total | $ | 8,035 |  |  | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | 8,056 |

The Company has purchased loans, for which there was, at acquisition, evidence of more than insignificant deterioration of credit quality since origination. The carrying amount of those loans is as follows:

($ in thousands) | At July 21, 2021
Par value of acquired loans | $ | 180,440 |
Allowance for credit losses | (7,006) |
Non-credit discount | (6,428) |
Purchase price of acquired loans | $ | 167,006 |

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NOTE 6 - LEASES
The Company has banking and limited-service facilities, datacenters, and certain equipment lea sed under agreements. Most of the leases expire between 2022 and 2027 and include one or more renewal options for up to 5 years. One lease expires in 2031. All leases are classified as operating leases.

|  | For the twelve months ended
($ in thousands) |  | December 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Operating lease cost |  | $ | 4,877 |  |  | $ | 3,207 |
Short-term lease cost |  | 833 |  |  | 201 |
Total lease cost |  | $ | 5,710 |  |  | $ | 3,408 |

Payments on operating leases included in the measurement of lease liabilities during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 totaled $5.2 million and $3.3 million, respectively. Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations totaled $5.7 million and $1.6 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The additions in 2021 and 2020 were primarily from the First Choice acquisition and Seacoast acquisition, respectively. In 2021, an impairment of $1.1 million was recognized on right-of-use assets concurrent with the announced closure of certain leased locations. For further discussion see “Note 8 - Fixed Assets.”
Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases is as follows:

($ in thousands) | December 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Operating lease right-of-use assets, included in other assets | $ | 13,483 |  |  | $ | 13,636 |
Operating lease liabilities, included in other liabilities | 14,865 |  |  | 14,152 |
Operating leases |  |  |
Weighted average remaining lease term | 4 years |  | 5 years
Weighted average discount rate | 2.0 | % |  | 2.5 | %

Maturities of operating lease liabilities are as follows:

($ in thousands) |  |  |  |
Year | Amount |
2022 | $ | 5,191 |  |  |  |
2023 | 3,688 |  |  |
2024 | 2,670 |  |  |
2025 | 1,326 |  |  |
2026 | 1,138 |  |  |
Thereafter | 1,566 |  |  |
Total operating lease liabilities, payments | 15,579 |  |  |  |
Less: present value adjustment | 714 |  |  |  |
Operating lease liabilities | $ | 14,865 |  |  |  |

Lessor income was $1.9 million and $1.8 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, and 2020, respectively.
93

NOTE 7 - DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Risk Management Objective of Using Derivatives
The Company is exposed to certain risk arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. The Company principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through management of its core business activities. The Company manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit risk primarily by managing the amount, sources, and duration of its assets and liabilities and the use of derivative financial instruments. Specifically, the Company enters into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates. The Company’s derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of the Company’s known or expected cash receipts and its known or expected cash payments principally related to the Company’s borrowings. The Company does not enter into derivative financial instruments for trading purposes.
Cash Flow Hedges of Interest Rate Risk
The Company’s objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to interest expense and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish this objective, the Company primarily uses interest rate swaps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount. The Company has executed a series of cash flow hedges to fix the effective interest rate for payments due on $62.0 million of LIBOR-based junior subordinated debentures to a weighted-average-fixed rate of 2.62%. Select terms of the hedges are as follows:

$ in thousands |  |
Notional | Fixed Rate | Maturity Date
$15,465 | 2.60% | March 15, 2024
$14,433 | 2.60% | March 30, 2024
$18,558 | 2.64% | March 15, 2026
$13,506 | 2.64% | March 17, 2026

For derivatives designated and qualified as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk, the gain or loss on the derivative is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income and subsequently reclassified into interest expense in the same period(s) during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are paid on the Company’s variable-rate debt. During the next twelve months, the Company estimates an additional $1.3 million will be reclassified as an increase to interest expense. Concurrently with the repayment of $200 million of variable-rate FHLB advances in the fourth quarter of 2020, the Company terminated two interest rate swaps with a notional value of $200.0 million. A loss of $3.2 million was recognized on the termination of the swaps.
Non-designated Hedges
Derivatives not designated as hedges are not considered speculative and result from a service the Company provides to certain customers. The Company executes interest rate swaps with commercial banking customers to facilitate their respective risk management strategies. Those interest rate swaps are simultaneously hedged by offsetting derivatives that the Company executes with a third party, such that the Company minimizes its net risk exposure resulting from such transactions. As the interest rate derivatives associated with this program do not meet the strict hedge accounting requirements, changes in the fair value of both the customer derivatives and the offsetting derivatives are recognized directly in earnings as a component of other noninterest income.
94

The table below presents the fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments as well as their classification on the Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

| Notional Amount |  | Derivative Assets |  | Derivative Liabilities
($ in thousands) | December 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
Interest rate swaps | $ | 61,962 |  |  | $ | 61,962 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,911 |  |  | $ | 5,987 |
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Interest rate swaps | $ | 918,698 |  |  | $ | 1,026,016 |  |  | $ | 12,869 |  |  | $ | 28,703 |  |  | $ | 12,883 |  |  | $ | 28,980 |

The tables below present a gross presentation, the effects of offsetting, and a net presentation of the Company’s financial instruments subject to offsetting as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020. The gross amounts of assets or liabilities can be reconciled to the tabular disclosure of fair value. The tabular disclosure of fair value provides the location that financial assets and liabilities are presented on the Balance Sheet.

As of December 31, 2021
|  |  | Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Statement of Financial Position |  |
($ in thousands) | Gross Amounts Recognized |  | Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position |  | Net Amounts of Assets presented in the Statement of Financial Position |  | Financial Instruments |  | Fair Value Collateral Posted |  | Net Amount
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps | $ | 12,869 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,869 |  |  | $ | 1,033 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 11,836 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps | $ | 15,794 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15,794 |  |  | $ | 1,033 |  |  | $ | 14,031 |  |  | $ | 730 |
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | 331,006 |  |  | — |  |  | 331,006 |  |  | — |  |  | 331,006 |  |  | — |
As of December 31, 2020
|  |  | Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Statement of Financial Position |  |
($ in thousands) | Gross Amounts Recognized |  | Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position |  | Net Amounts of Assets presented in the Statement of Financial Position |  | Financial Instruments |  | Fair Value Collateral Posted |  | Net Amount
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps | $ | 28,703 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 28,703 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 28,701 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps | $ | 34,967 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 34,967 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 34,903 |  |  | $ | 62 |
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | 271,081 |  |  | — |  |  | 271,081 |  |  | — |  |  | 271,081 |  |  | — |

As of December 31, 2021, the fair value of derivatives in a net liability position, which includes accrued interest but excludes any adjustment for nonperformance risk, related to these agreements was $16.6 million. Further, the Company has minimum collateral posting thresholds with certain of its derivative counterparties and has posted collateral of $14.0 million.
95

NOTE 8 - FIXED ASSETS
A summary of fixed assets at December 31, 2021 and 2020, is as follows:

| December 31,
($ in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020
Land | $ | 12,849 |  |  | $ | 13,389 |
Buildings and leasehold improvements | 52,012 |  |  | 53,007 |
Furniture, fixtures and equipment | 18,821 |  |  | 17,933 |
| 83,682 |  |  | 84,329 |
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization | 35,767 |  |  | 31,160 |
Total fixed assets | $ | 47,915 |  |  | $ | 53,169 |

Depreciation and amortization of fixed assets included in noninterest expense amounted to $6.1 million, $6.2 million, and $5.7 million in 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively.
In 2021 the Company commenced the process to close three branch locations in California related to the First Choice acquisition. A lease and fixed asset impairment charge of $0.4 million was recognized and reported in merger-related expenses. Additionally, the Company also commenced the process to close two branches in St. Louis and consolidate the operations and customers of these branches with other nearby locations. An impairment charge of $3.4 million on these branches was recognized in 2021 for buildings, leases and fixed assets.
NOTE 9 - GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
The table below presents a summary of goodwill:

($ in thousands) | Years ended December 31,
2021 |  | 2020
Goodwill, beginning of year | $ | 260,567 |  |  | $ | 210,344 |
Additions from acquisition | 104,597 |  |  | 50,223 |
Goodwill, end of year | $ | 365,164 |  |  | $ | 260,567 |

The table below presents a summary of intangible assets:

($ in thousands) | Years ended December 31,
2021 |  | 2020
Core deposit intangible, net, beginning of year | $ | 23,084 |  |  | $ | 26,076 |
Additions from acquisition | 4,892 |  |  | 2,681 |
Amortization | (5,690) |  |  | (5,673) |
Core deposit intangible, net, end of year | $ | 22,286 |  |  | $ | 23,084 |

Amortization expense on the core deposit intangibles was $5.7 million for the each of the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, and $5.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. The core deposit intangibles are being amortized over a 10-year period.
96

The following table reflects the amortization schedule for the core deposit intangible at December 31, 2021.

Year | Core Deposit Intangible ($ in thousands)
2022 | $ | 5,367 |
2023 | 4,601 |
2024 | 3,834 |
2025 | 3,068 |
2026 | 2,301 |
After 2026 | 3,115 |
| $ | 22,286 |

NOTE 10 - DEPOSITS
Following is a summary of certificates of deposit maturities at December 31, 2021:

($ in thousands) | Brokered |  | Customer |  | Total
Less than 1 year | $ | 10,062 |  |  | $ | 365,902 |  |  | $ | 375,964 |
Greater than 1 year and less than 2 years | 61,173 |  |  | 67,859 |  |  | 129,032 |
Greater than 2 years and less than 3 years | 37,847 |  |  | 21,010 |  |  | 58,857 |
Greater than 3 years and less than 4 years | 19,888 |  |  | 14,238 |  |  | 34,126 |
Greater than 4 years and less than 5 years | — |  |  | 5,564 |  |  | 5,564 |
Greater than 5 years | — |  |  | 4,750 |  |  | 4,750 |
| $ | 128,970 |  |  | $ | 479,323 |  |  | $ | 608,293 |

Certificates of deposit balances over the FDIC insurance limit of $250,000 were $93.7 million as of December 31, 2021.
At December 31, 2021, deposit accounts of executive officers and directors, or to entities in which such individuals had beneficial interests as a shareholder, officer, or director totaled $5.7 million.

The Company is a participant in the Promontory Interfinancial Network, a network that offers deposit placement services such as CDARS and ICS, which offers products that qualify large deposits for FDIC insurance. At December 31, 2021, the Company had $22.0 million of CDARS deposits and $118.2 million of ICS deposits. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, overdraft deposits of $1.3 million and $1.0 million, respectively, were reclassified to loans.
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NOTE 11 - SUBORDINATED DEBENTURES
The amounts and terms of each issuance of the Company’s subordinated debentures at December 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:

| Amount |  | Maturity Date |  | Initial Call Date (1) |  | Interest Rate
($ in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020
EFSC Clayco Statutory Trust I | $ | 3,196 |  |  | $ | 3,196 |  |  | December 17, 2033 |  | December 17, 2008 |  | Floats @ 3MO LIBOR + 2.85%
EFSC Capital Trust II | 5,155 |  |  | 5,155 |  |  | June 17, 2034 |  | June 17, 2009 |  | Floats @ 3MO LIBOR + 2.65%
EFSC Statutory Trust III | 11,341 |  |  | 11,341 |  |  | December 15, 2034 |  | December 15, 2009 |  | Floats @ 3MO LIBOR + 1.97%
EFSC Clayco Statutory Trust II | 4,124 |  |  | 4,124 |  |  | September 15, 2035 |  | September 15, 2010 |  | Floats @ 3MO LIBOR + 1.83%
EFSC Statutory Trust IV | 10,310 |  |  | 10,310 |  |  | December 15, 2035 |  | December 15, 2010 |  | Floats @ 3MO LIBOR + 1.44%
EFSC Statutory Trust V | 4,124 |  |  | 4,124 |  |  | September 15, 2036 |  | September 15, 2011 |  | Floats @ 3MO LIBOR + 1.60%
EFSC Capital Trust VI | 14,433 |  |  | 14,433 |  |  | March 30, 2037 |  | March 30, 2012 |  | Floats @ 3MO LIBOR + 1.60%
EFSC Capital Trust VII | 4,124 |  |  | 4,124 |  |  | December 15, 2037 |  | December 15, 2012 |  | Floats @ 3MO LIBOR + 2.25%
JEFFCO Stat Trust I (2) | 7,732 |  |  | 7,752 |  |  | February 22, 2031 |  | February 22, 2011 |  | Fixed @ 10.20%
JEFFCO Stat Trust II (2) | 4,496 |  |  | 4,443 |  |  | March 17, 2034 |  | March 17, 2009 |  | Floats @ 3MO LIBOR + 2.75%
Trinity Capital Trust III (2) | 5,339 |  |  | 5,272 |  |  | September 8, 2034 |  | September 8, 2009 |  | Floats @ 3MO LIBOR + 2.70%
Trinity Capital Trust IV | 10,310 |  |  | 10,310 |  |  | November 23, 2035 |  | August 23, 2010 |  | Fixed @ 6.88%
Trinity Capital Trust V (2) | 7,869 |  |  | 7,706 |  |  | December 15, 2036 |  | September 15, 2011 |  | Floats @ 3MO LIBOR + 1.65%
Total junior subordinated debentures | 92,553 |  |  | 92,290 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
5.75% Fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes | 63,250 |  |  | 63,250 |  |  | June 1, 2030 |  | June 1, 2025 |  | Fixed @ 5.75% until June 1, 2025, then floats @ Benchmark rate (3 month term SOFR) + 5.66%
4.75% Fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes | — |  |  | 50,000 |  |  | November 1, 2026 |  | November 1, 2021 |  | Fixed @ 4.75% until November 1, 2021, then floats @ 3MO LIBOR + 3.387%
Debt issuance costs | (904) |  |  | (1,903) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes | 62,346 |  |  | 111,347 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total subordinated debentures and notes | $ | 154,899 |  |  | $ | 203,637 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(1) Callable each quarter after initial call date. |  |
(2) Purchase accounting adjustments are reflected in the balance and also impact the effective interest rate.

The Company has 13 unconsolidated statutory business trusts. These trusts issued preferred securities that were sold to third parties. The sole purpose of the trusts was to invest the proceeds in junior subordinated debentures of the Company that have terms identical to the trust preferred securities. The subordinated debentures, which are the sole assets of the trusts, are subordinate and junior in right of payment to all present and future senior and subordinated indebtedness and certain other financial conditions of the Company. The Company fully and unconditionally guarantees each trust’s securities obligations. Under current regulations, the trust preferred securities are included in tier 1 capital for regulatory capital purposes, subject to certain limitations.
The trust preferred securities are redeemable in whole or in part on or after their respective call dates. Mandatory redemption dates may be shortened if certain conditions are met. The securities are classified as subordinated debentures in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Interest on the subordinated debentures held by the trusts is recorded as interest expense in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. The Company’s investment of $2.9 million at December 31, 2021, in these trusts is included in other investments in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company has fixed the interest rate on a portion of its junior subordinated debentures through a series of interest rate swaps. For further discussion of the interest rate swaps and the corresponding terms, see “Note 7 - Derivative Financial Instruments.”
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On November 1, 2016, the Company issued $50 million of fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes. The notes initially bore a fixed annual interest rate of 4.75%, with interest payable semiannually in arrears on May 1 and November 1 of each year, commencing May 1, 2017. On November 1, 2021, the Company redeemed the $50.0 million of subordinated debentures at par. A loss of $0.7 million on the redemption was recognized for the write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs.
On May 21, 2020, EFSC issued $63.3 million of 5.75% fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes due in 2030 in a public offering (the “2030 Notes”). From and including the date of issuance to, but excluding, June 1, 2025, the 2030 Notes will bear interest at a rate equal to 5.75% per annum, payable semiannually in arrears on each June 1 and December 1. From and including June 1, 2025 to, but excluding, the maturity date or the date of earlier redemption, the 2030 Notes will bear interest at a floating rate per annum equal to a benchmark rate (which is expected to be three-month term SOFR (as defined in the Indenture, dated May 21, 2020, between EFSC and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, and subsequent First Supplemental Indenture)), plus 566.0 basis points, payable quarterly in arrears on March 1, June 1, September 1 and December 1 of each year, commencing on September 1, 2025. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in event that the benchmark rate is less than zero, then the benchmark rate shall be deemed to be zero. The Company’s obligation to make payments of principal and interest on the notes is subordinate and junior in right of payment to all of its senior debt. Current regulatory guidance allows for this subordinated debt to be treated as tier 2 regulatory capital for the first five years of its term, subject to certain limitations, and then phased out of tier 2 capital pro rata over the next five years.
NOTE 12 - FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK ADVANCES
FHLB advances are collateralized by 1-4 family residential real estate loans, business loans, and certain commercial real estate loans. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the carrying value of the loans pledged to the FHLB of Des Moines was $1.4 billion at both periods. The secured line of credit had availability of approximately $708.6 million at December 31, 2021.
The following table summarizes the type, maturity, and rate of the Company’s FHLB advances at December 31:

|  | 2021 |  | 2020
($ in thousands) | Term | Outstanding Balance | Weighted Rate |  | Outstanding Balance | Weighted Rate
Non-amortizing fixed advance | Greater than 1 year | $ | 50,000 |  | 1.56 | % |  | $ | 50,000 |  | 1.56 | %

In August 2019, the Company entered into agreements totaling $50 million for convertible advances with a weighted average rate of 1.56% that mature in 2024 and are currently puttable by the FHLB.
At December 31, 2021, the Company used $60.0 million of collateral value to secure confirming letters of credit for public unit deposits and industrial development bonds.
NOTE 13 - OTHER BORROWINGS
Securities Sold Under Agreement to Repurchase
The Company enters into sales of securities under agreements to repurchase. The agreements are transacted with deposit customers and are utilized as an overnight investment product. The amounts received under these agreements represent short-term borrowings and are reflected as a liability in the consolidated balance sheets. The securities underlying these agreements are included in investment securities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company has no control over the market value of the securities, which fluctuates due to market conditions. However, the Company is obligated to promptly transfer additional securities if the market value of the securities falls below the repurchase agreement price. The Company manages this risk by maintaining an unpledged securities
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portfolio that it believes is sufficient to cover a decline in the market value of the securities sold under agreements to repurchase.
A summary of securities sold under agreements to repurchase is as follows:

| December 31,
($ in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020
Securities sold under agreement to repurchase | $ | 331,006 |  |  | $ | 271,081 |
Average balance during the year | 225,895 |  |  | 206,338 |
Maximum balance outstanding at any month-end | 331,006 |  |  | 271,081 |
Average interest rate during the year | 0.10 | % |  | 0.23 | %
Average interest rate at December 31 | 0.06 | % |  | 0.07 | %

Federal Reserve Line
The Bank also has a line with the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis which provides additional liquidity to the Company. As of December 31, 2021, $1.1 billion was available under this line. This line is secured by a pledge of certain eligible loans aggregating $1.3 billion. There were no amounts drawn on the Federal Reserve line of credit as of December 31, 2021.
Federal Reserve PPPLF
The Company acquired $86.1 million of Federal Reserve PPPLF funds from the Seacoast acquisition which were paid off in November 2020.
Revolving Credit Line
In February 2016, the Company entered into a senior unsecured revolving credit agreement (the “Revolving Agreement”) with another bank. The Revolving Agreement has a one-year term, maturing on February 22, 2022. It allows for borrowings up to $25 million. The interest rate is the one-month LIBOR plus 125 basis points. The proceeds can be used for general corporate purposes. The Revolving Agreement is subject to ongoing compliance with a number of customary affirmative and negative covenants as well as specified financial covenants. In February 2022, the Revolving Agreement was renewed for a one-year term and the interest rate was amended to one-month Term SOFR plus 136 basis points. The revolving credit line was not accessed in 2021 or 2020.

Term Loan
In February 2019, the Company entered into a five year, $40.0 million unsecured term loan agreement (the “Term Loan”) with another bank with the proceeds primarily used to fund the company’s cash portion of an acquisition in 2019. The interest rate is one-month LIBOR plus 125 basis points. In February 2022, the interest rate on the Term Loan was amended to one-month Term SOFR plus 136 basis points.
A summary of the Term Loan is as follows:

| December 31, |  |
($ in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  |
Term Loan | $ | 22,857 |  |  | $ | 30,000 |  |  |
Average balance during the year | 26,427 |  |  | 32,123 |  |  |
Maximum balance outstanding at any month-end | 28,571 |  |  | 34,286 |  |  |
Weighted average interest rate during the year | 1.40 | % |  | 1.96 | % |  |
Average interest rate at December 31 | 1.38 | % |  | 1.44 | % |  |

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NOTE 14 - LITIGATION AND OTHER CONTINGENCIES
The Company and its subsidiaries are, from time to time, parties to various legal proceedings arising out of their businesses. Management believes there are no such legal proceedings pending or threatened against the Company or its subsidiaries in the ordinary course of business, directly, indirectly, or in the aggregate that, if determined adversely, would have a material adverse effect on the business, consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows of the Company or any of its subsidiaries.
NOTE 15 - REGULATORY CAPITAL
Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Bank to maintain minimum ratios (set forth in the following table) of total, tier 1, and common equity tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets, and of tier 1 capital to average assets. Management believes, as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, that the Company met all capital adequacy requirements to which it is subject.
As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Bank was categorized as “well-capitalized” under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be categorized as “well-capitalized” the Bank must maintain minimum total risk-based capital, tier 1 risk-based capital, common equity tier 1 risk-based capital, and tier 1 leverage ratios as set forth in the table. In addition, the Company must maintain an additional CCB above the regulatory minimum ratio requirements. The CCB is designed to insulate banks from periods of stress and impose constraints on dividends, share repurchases and discretionary bonus payments when capital levels fall below prescribed levels.
The capital ratios are presented in the following table:

| December 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020 |  |  |
| EFSC | Bank |  | EFSC | Bank |  | To Be Well-Capitalized | Minimum Ratio with CCB
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital to Risk Weighted Assets | 11.3 | % | 12.5 | % |  | 10.9 | % | 12.5 | % |  | 6.5 | % | 7.0 | %
Tier 1 Capital to Risk Weighted Assets | 13.0 | % | 12.5 | % |  | 12.1 | % | 12.5 | % |  | 8.0 | % | 8.5 | %
Total Capital to Risk Weighted Assets | 14.7 | % | 13.5 | % |  | 14.9 | % | 13.7 | % |  | 10.0 | % | 10.5 | %
Leverage Ratio (Tier 1 Capital to Average Assets) | 9.7 | % | 9.3 | % |  | 10.0 | % | 10.3 | % |  | 5.0 | % | 4.0 | %

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NOTE 16 - SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND COMPENSATION PLANS
Shareholders’ Equity
Common Stock
At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company has reserved the following shares of its authorized but unissued common stock for possible future issuance in connection with the following:

| December 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Outstanding performance units (maximum issuance) | 169,244 |  |  | 125,176 |
Outstanding RSU’s | 181,657 |  |  | 157,428 |
Outstanding options and appreciation rights | 112,927 |  |  | — |
2018 Stock Incentive Plan | 670,326 |  |  | 339,691 |
Non-Management Director Plan | 73,618 |  |  | 86,616 |
2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan | 571,064 |  |  | 635,890 |
Total | 1,778,836 |  |  | 1,344,801 |

Common Stock Repurchase Plan
In April 2021, the Company’s board of directors authorized the repurchase of up to two million shares of the Company’s common stock. The repurchases may be made in open market or privately negotiated transactions and the stock repurchase program will remain in effect until fully utilized or until modified, superseded or terminated. At December 31, 2021, there were 700,473 shares available for repurchase under the plan.
Preferred Stock
The Company has 5,000,000 shares of authorized preferred stock with a par value of $0.01 with 75,000 shares issued and outstanding at the end of 2021. The Board of Directors has the right to set for each series of preferred stock, subject to the laws of the State of Delaware, the dividend rate, conversion and redemption terms, voting rights and liquidation preferences, among others. In the fourth quarter 2021, the Company issued and sold 3,000,000 depositary shares, each representing 1/40th interest in a share of the Company’s 5% Noncumulative, Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A (“Series A Preferred Stock”), totaling $72.0 million, net of issuance costs. The depositary shares trade under the ticker “EFSCP”. The Series A Preferred Stock may be redeemed at the Company’s option, subject to prior regulatory approval, in whole or in part on any dividend payment date on or after December 15, 2026 or within 90 days following a regulatory capital event, as defined in the offering documents. If any Series A Preferred Stock are redeemed, a proportionate number of depositary shares will also be redeemed.
Dividends, when and if declared by the board of directors, are payable, quarterly in arrears, on March 15, June 15, September 15 and December 15 of each year. If dividends on the Series A Preferred stock have not been declared or paid in six quarterly periods, whether or not consecutive, the number of directors on the board will automatically be increased by two and the holders of the Series A preferred stock will be entitled to vote for the additional directors.
Dividends
The Company’s ability to pay dividends to its shareholders is generally dependent upon the payment of dividends by the Bank to the parent company. The Bank cannot pay dividends to the extent it would be deemed undercapitalized by the FDIC after making such dividend.
Dividends on the Company’s capital stock are prohibited under the terms of the junior subordinated debenture agreements, see “Note 11 - Subordinated Debentures,” if the Company is in continuous default on its payment obligations to the capital trusts, has elected to defer interest payments on the debentures or extends the interest payment period. Furthermore, unless dividends on all outstanding shares of the Series A Preferred Stock for the most recently completed dividend period have been paid or declared, dividends on, and repurchases of, common stock is prohibited. At December 31, 2021, the Company was not in default on any of the junior subordinated debenture issuances or preferred stock.
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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The following table presents the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) after-tax by component:

($ in thousands) | Net Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Available-for-Sale Debt Securities |  | Unamortized Gain (Loss) on Held-to-Maturity Securities |  | Net Unrealized Loss on Cash Flow Hedges |  | Total
Balance, December 31, 2018 | $ | (9,047) |  |  | $ | (235) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (9,282) |
Net change | 29,226 |  |  | (33) |  |  | (2,162) |  |  | 27,031 |
Transfer from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity | (5,202) |  |  | 5,202 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Balance, December 31, 2019 | $ | 14,977 |  |  | $ | 4,934 |  |  | $ | (2,162) |  |  | $ | 17,749 |
Net change | 23,627 |  |  | (1,910) |  |  | (2,346) |  |  | 19,371 |
Transfer from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity | (16,284) |  |  | 16,284 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Balance, December 31, 2020 | $ | 22,320 |  |  | $ | 19,308 |  |  | $ | (4,508) |  |  | $ | 37,120 |
Net change | (17,049) |  |  | (3,624) |  |  | 2,330 |  |  | (18,343) |
Balance, December 31, 2021 | $ | 5,271 |  |  | $ | 15,684 |  |  | $ | (2,178) |  |  | $ | 18,777 |

The following table presents the pre-tax and after-tax changes in the components of other comprehensive income:

| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
($ in thousands) | Pre-tax |  | Tax effect |  | After-tax |  | Pre-tax |  | Tax effect |  | After-tax |  | Pre-tax |  | Tax effect |  | After-tax
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale debt securities | $ | (22,701) |  |  | $ | (5,652) |  |  | $ | (17,049) |  |  | $ | 31,798 |  |  | $ | 7,854 |  |  | $ | 23,944 |  |  | $ | 38,764 |  |  | $ | 9,575 |  |  | $ | 29,189 |
Reclassification adjustment for realized (gain) loss on sale of available-for-sale debt securities(a) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (421) |  |  | (104) |  |  | (317) |  |  | 49 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 37 |
Reclassification of gain on held-to-maturity securities(b) | (4,672) |  |  | (1,048) |  |  | (3,624) |  |  | (2,537) |  |  | (627) |  |  | (1,910) |  |  | (44) |  |  | (11) |  |  | (33) |
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges arising during the period(b) | 1,533 |  |  | 372 |  |  | 1,161 |  |  | (7,898) |  |  | (1,951) |  |  | (5,947) |  |  | (3,004) |  |  | (742) |  |  | (2,262) |
Reclassification of loss on cash flow hedges(b) | 1,543 |  |  | 374 |  |  | 1,169 |  |  | 4,782 |  |  | 1,181 |  |  | 3,601 |  |  | 133 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 100 |
Total other comprehensive income (loss) | $ | (24,297) |  |  | $ | (5,954) |  |  | $ | (18,343) |  |  | $ | 25,724 |  |  | $ | 6,353 |  |  | $ | 19,371 |  |  | $ | 35,898 |  |  | $ | 8,867 |  |  | $ | 27,031 |

(a)The pre-tax amount is reported in noninterest income/expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(b)The pre-tax amount is reported in interest income/expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, except for a $3.2 million termination fee in 2020 recognized in noninterest expense.

Compensation Plans
The Company has adopted share-based compensation plans to reward and provide long-term incentive for directors and key employees of the Company including its subsidiaries. These plans provide for the granting of stock, stock options, stock-settled stock appreciation rights, and restricted stock units (“RSUs”), and may contain performance terms for key employees as designated by the Company’s Board of Directors upon the recommendation of the Compensation Committee of the Board. The Company uses authorized and unissued shares to satisfy share award exercises.
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The total excess income tax benefit (expense) for share-based compensation arrangements was $(0.1) million, $0.2 million, and $0.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. At December 31, 2021, there was $8.2 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested share-based compensation awards. The cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average term of 2 years.
The following table summarizes share-based compensation expense:

($ in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Performance stock units | $ | 1,777 |  |  | $ | 1,097 |  |  | $ | 1,699 |
Restricted stock units | 3,109 |  |  | 2,613 |  |  | 1,969 |
Stock options | 396 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Employee stock purchase plan | 735 |  |  | 468 |  |  | 364 |
Total share-based compensation expense | $ | 6,017 |  |  | $ | 4,178 |  |  | $ | 4,032 |

Performance Units
The Company has entered into long-term incentive agreements with certain key employees. These awards are conditioned on certain performance criteria and market criteria measured against a group of peer banks over a three-year period for each grant. The awards contain minimum (threshold), target, and maximum (exceptional) performance levels. In the event of a change in control, as defined in the plan, the awards will vest at a minimum of the target level. The amount of the awards is determined at the end of the three-year vesting and performance period. The fair value of performance units vesting in 2021, 2020, and 2019 were $0.9 million, $2.8 million, and $4.6 million, respectively.
Information related to the outstanding grants at December 31, 2021 is shown below:

($ in thousands) | 2019 - 2021 Cycle |  | 2020 - 2022 Cycle |  | 2021 - 2023 Cycle
Shares issuable at target | 19,576 |  |  | 24,674 |  |  | 40,372 |
Maximum shares issuable | 39,152 |  |  | 49,348 |  |  | 80,744 |
Unrecognized compensation cost | $ | 27 |  |  | $ | 538 |  |  | $ | 1,981 |
Weighted average grant date fair value | $ | 47.46 |  |  | $ | 38.09 |  |  | $ | 47.16 |

| Maximum Shares Issuable
Outstanding at December 31, 2020 | 125,176 |
Granted | 84,628 |
Vested (issued 23,251 shares) | (31,452) |
Forfeited | (9,108) |
Outstanding at December 31, 2021 | 169,244 |

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Restricted Stock Units
The Company awards nonvested stock, in the form of RSUs to employees. RSUs generally are subject to continued employment and generally vest ratably over three to five years. Vesting is accelerated upon a change in control or the employee meeting certain retirement criteria. RSUs do not carry voting or dividend rights until vested. Sales of the units are restricted prior to vesting.
Various information related to the RSUs is shown below.

($ in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Total fair value at vesting date | $ | 2,855 |  |  | $ | 1,702 |  |  | $ | 1,067 |
Unrecognized compensation cost | 4,622 |  |  | 3,899 |  |  | 3,417 |
Expected years to recognize unearned compensation | 1.9 years |  | 1.9 years |  | 1.9 years
Weighted average grant date fair value | $ | 44.01 |  |  | $ | 39.63 |  |  | $ | 45.00 |

A summary of the status of the Company’s RSU awards as of December 31, 2021 and changes during the year then ended is presented below.

| Shares |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2020 | 157,428 |  |  | $ | 42.44 |
Granted | 100,220 |  |  | 44.01 |
Vested | (65,755) |  |  | 43.91 |
Forfeited | (10,236) |  |  | 43.51 |
Outstanding at December 31, 2021 | 181,657 |  |  | $ | 42.71 |

Stock Options
In determining compensation cost for stock options, the Black-Scholes option-pricing model is used to estimate the fair value on date of grant. The model utilizes several assumptions in its calculations. The risk-free rate for periods within the contractual life of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield in effect at the time of the grant. The expected term of options granted is based on the option's vesting schedule and expected exercise patterns and represent the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. The expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company's stock and expected term of the option. The dividend yield is determined by annualizing the dividend rate as a percentage of the Company's stock price.
The following weighted average assumptions were used for grants issued during the year ended December 31, 2021.

| Weighted Average
Risk Free Interest Rate | 1.06%
Expected Dividend Yield | 1.65%
Expected Volatility | 33.92%
Expected Term (years) | 6.2

Stock options have been granted to key employees with exercise prices equal to the market price of the Company’s common stock at the date of grant and 10-year contractual terms. Stock options have a vesting schedule of three to five years.
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Following is a summary of stock option activity for 2021.

($ in thousands, except per share data) | Shares |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price |  | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term |  |
Outstanding at December 31, 2020 | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |
Granted | 118,604 |  |  | 43.80 |  |  | 9.2 years |  |
Forfeited | (5,677) |  |  | 43.81 |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at December 31, 2021 | 112,927 |  |  | $ | 43.80 |  |  | 9.2 years |  |
Exercisable at December 31, 2021 | 460 |  |  | $ | 43.81 |  |  | 9.2 years |  |

Employee Stock Purchase Plan
The Company’s Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) provides its eligible employees with an opportunity to purchase common stock through accumulated payroll contributions. The ESPP provides for shares to be purchased at 85% of the lesser of the stock price at the enrollment date or the exercise date. The maximum number of shares of common stock available for sale under the ESPP is 750,000. In 2021, 2020, and 2019, employees purchased 64,826, 58,195, and 41,116 shares, respectively.
Stock Plan for Non-Management Directors
The Company has adopted a Stock Plan for Non-Management Directors, which provides for issuing up to 200,000 shares of common stock to non-management directors as compensation in lieu of cash. At December 31, 2021, there were 59,760 shares of stock available for grant under the Stock Plan for Non-Management Directors, exclusive of 13,858 shares to be issued upon deferral release.
Various information related to the Director Plan is shown below.

| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Shares granted | 12,998 |  |  | 15,901 |  |  | 11,382 |
Weighted average grant date fair value | $ | 46.05 |  |  | $ | 30.28 |  |  | $ | 41.63 |

401(k) Plan
The Company has a 401(k) savings plan which covers substantially all full-time employees over the age of 21 and matches 100% of the first 6% of employee contributions. The amount charged to expense for the Company’s contributions to the plan was $4.9 million, $3.8 million and $3.2 million for 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively.
Deferred Compensation Plan
The Company’s Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan permits certain executives to participate and defer up to 25% of their base salary and/or up to 100% of their eligible bonus for a plan year. Participants make an irrevocable election when they elect to participate for a plan year to receive the vested account balance following their retirement date, or at a future date not less than five years after the beginning of the plan year. At December 31, 2021, the Company had a liability of $5.0 million related to the Deferred Compensation Plan.
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NOTE 17 - INCOME TAXES
The components of income tax expense (benefit) for the years ended December 31, are as follows:

| Year ended December 31,
($ in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Current: |  |  |  |  |
Federal | $ | 29,835 |  |  | $ | 25,132 |  |  | $ | 15,470 |
State and local | 5,198 |  |  | 5,009 |  |  | 2,027 |
Total current | 35,033 |  |  | 30,141 |  |  | 17,497 |
Deferred: |  |  |  |  |
Federal | 870 |  |  | (10,651) |  |  | 4,262 |
State and local | (325) |  |  | (1,927) |  |  | 1,538 |
Total deferred | 545 |  |  | (12,578) |  |  | 5,800 |
Total income tax expense | $ | 35,578 |  |  | $ | 17,563 |  |  | $ | 23,297 |

A reconciliation of expected income tax expense, computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate in 2021, 2020, and 2019 to income before income taxes and the amounts reflected in the consolidated statements of operations is as follows:

| Year ended December 31,
($ in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Income tax expense at statutory rate | $ | 35,413 |  |  | $ | 19,309 |  |  | $ | 24,368 |
Increase (reduction) in income tax resulting from: |  |  |  |  |
Tax-exempt interest income, net | (3,198) |  |  | (2,010) |  |  | (962) |
State and local income taxes, net | 4,936 |  |  | 3,254 |  |  | 2,816 |
Bank-owned life insurance, net | (713) |  |  | (778) |  |  | (628) |
Non-deductible expenses | 1,090 |  |  | 637 |  |  | 749 |
Tax benefit of low-income housing tax credit ("LIHTC") investments, net | (132) |  |  | (444) |  |  | (278) |
Excess tax benefits | 146 |  |  | (175) |  |  | (526) |
Federal tax credits | (1,136) |  |  | (1,327) |  |  | (913) |
Non-taxable donation to charitable foundation | (263) |  |  | — |  |  | (420) |
Other, net | (565) |  |  | (903) |  |  | (909) |
Total income tax expense | $ | 35,578 |  |  | $ | 17,563 |  |  | $ | 23,297 |

The net amount recognized as a component of tax expense for tax credits, other tax benefits, and amortization from LIHTC investments recognized per the table above was $0.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The net amount recognized as a benefit component of income tax expense per the table above was $0.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, and $0.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the carrying value of the investments related to low-income housing tax credits was $7.6 million and $4.2 million, respectively. No impairment losses have been recognized from forfeiture or ineligibility of tax credits or other circumstances during the life of any of the investments.
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A net deferred income tax asset of $40.9 million and $29.8 million is included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The tax effect of temporary differences that gave rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities is as follows:

| Year ended December 31,
($ in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |
Allowance for loan losses | $ | 36,550 |  |  | $ | 34,031 |
Loans held-for-sale | 6,971 |  |  | 8,058 |
Other real estate | 305 |  |  | 896 |
Deferred compensation | 2,704 |  |  | 2,585 |
Accrued compensation | 5,881 |  |  | 5,391 |
Net operating losses and tax credits | 6,061 |  |  | 6,460 |
Other deferred tax assets | 5,671 |  |  | 3,086 |
Total deferred tax assets | 64,143 |  |  | 60,507 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |
Acquired loans | 1,709 |  |  | 3,413 |
Unrealized gains on securities | 6,171 |  |  | 12,189 |
Intangible assets | 8,789 |  |  | 7,800 |
Other deferred tax liabilities | 3,754 |  |  | 4,369 |
Total deferred tax liabilities | 20,423 |  |  | 27,771 |
Net deferred tax asset before valuation allowance | 43,720 |  |  | 32,736 |
Less: valuation allowance | 2,830 |  |  | 2,932 |
Net deferred tax asset | $ | 40,890 |  |  | $ | 29,804 |

As part of the Trinity Capital Corporation acquisition in 2019, the company acquired net operating loss, tax credit, and capital loss deferred tax assets. Net operating losses originated in the years 2012, 2014-2017, and 2019 and will expire in the years between 2032-2037. Tax credit carryforwards originated in years 2010-2015 and will expire in the years between 2030-2035.
A valuation allowance is provided on deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that some portion of the assets will not be realized. In 2019, as part of the Trinity Capital Corporation acquisition, the company acquired net operating loss, tax credit, and capital loss deferred tax assets. The company determined it was more likely than not that some of the assets would not be realized. As such, the company has a valuation allowance recorded of $2.8 million and $2.9 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
The Company and its subsidiaries file income tax returns in the federal jurisdiction and in thirty states. The Company is no longer subject to federal, state or local income tax audits by tax authorities for years before 2017, with the exception of 2016 being an open year by one state taxing authority. Net operating losses generated prior to 2016 that are utilized going forward would still be subject to examination.
As of December 31, 2021, the gross amount of unrecognized tax benefits was $2.7 million and the total amount of net unrecognized tax benefits that would impact the effective tax rate, if recognized, was $2.5 million. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the total amount of the net unrecognized tax benefits that would impact the effective tax rate, if recognized, was $3.1 million and $1.1 million, respectively. The Company believes it is reasonably possible the gross amount of unrecognized benefits will be reduced by approximately $0.4 million as a result of a lapse of statute of limitations in the next 12 months. The Company is under audit by the state of Missouri, and while the Company has concluded it has adequately provided for uncertain tax positions, the outcome of such audits are always uncertain and could result in additional tax expense, though immaterial.
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The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense and classifies such interest and penalties in the liability for unrecognized tax benefits. The amount accrued for interest and penalties was $0.5 million as of December 31, 2021, $0.9 million for 2020 and was not significant for 2019.
The activity in the gross liability for unrecognized tax benefits was as follows:

($ in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Balance at beginning of year | $ | 3,157 |  |  | $ | 1,497 |  |  | $ | 1,301 |
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year | 563 |  |  | 395 |  |  | 401 |
Additions for tax positions of prior years | 436 |  |  | 1,556 |  |  | 62 |
Settlements for tax positions of prior years | (1,289) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Settlements or lapse of statute of limitations | (170) |  |  | (291) |  |  | (267) |
Balance at end of year | $ | 2,697 |  |  | $ | 3,157 |  |  | $ | 1,497 |

NOTE 18 - COMMITMENTS
Long-term Lease Commitments
See “Note 6 – Leases” in this report for information regarding the Company’s long-term lease commitments.
Off-balance-Sheet Commitments
The Company issues financial instruments in the normal course of the business of meeting the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. These instruments may involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets.
The Company’s extent of involvement and maximum potential exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit is not more than the contractual amount of these instruments.
The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for financial instruments included on its consolidated balance sheets.
The contractual amounts of off-balance-sheet financial instruments as of December 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020, are as follows:

(in thousands) | December 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Commitments to extend credit | $ | 2,481,173 |  |  | $ | 1,946,068 |
Letters of credit | 77,314 |  |  | 50,971 |
State tax credits | 18,118 |  |  | 24,473 |
Limited partnership commitments | 21,553 |  |  | 23,400 |

There was an insignificant amount of unadvanced commitments on impaired loans at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020. Other liabilities include approximately $7.6 million for an allowance for credit losses attributable to unadvanced commitments at December 31, 2021.
Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments usually have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses, may have significant usage restrictions, and may require payment of a fee. Of the total commitments to extend credit at December 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020, $238.7 million and $160.6 million, respectively, represent fixed rate loan commitments. Since certain of the commitments may expire without being drawn upon or may be revoked, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash obligations. The Company evaluates each
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customer’s credit worthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by the Company upon extension of credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the borrower. Collateral held varies, but may include accounts receivable, inventory, premises and equipment, and real estate.
Letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. These letters of credit are issued to support contractual obligations of the Company’s customers. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as the risk involved in extending loans to customers. The approximate remaining term of letters of credit range from 1 month to 11 years at December 31, 2021.
The Company also has off-balance sheet commitments for purchases of state tax credits and commitments for various capital raises for SBICs.
NOTE 19 - FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
The fair value of an asset or liability is the exchange price that would be received to sell that asset or paid to transfer that liability in an orderly transaction occurring in the principal market (or most advantageous market in the absence of a principal market) for such asset or liability. Inputs to valuation techniques include the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, establishes a fair value hierarchy for valuation inputs that gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. The fair value hierarchy is as follows:
•Level 1 Inputs - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.
•Level 2 Inputs - Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These might include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (such as interest rates, volatilities, prepayment speeds, credit risks, etc.) or inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by market data by correlation or other means.
•Level 3 Inputs - Unobservable inputs for determining the fair values of assets or liabilities that reflect an entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities.
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Fair value on a recurring basis
The following table summarizes financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, segregated by the level of the valuation inputs within the fair value hierarchy utilized to measure fair value.

| December 31, 2021
($ in thousands) | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  | Total Fair Value
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities available-for-sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises | $ | — |  |  | $ | 173,511 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 173,511 |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | — |  |  | 575,084 |  |  | — |  |  | 575,084 |
Residential mortgage-backed securities | — |  |  | 513,859 |  |  | — |  |  | 513,859 |
Corporate debt securities | — |  |  | 12,382 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,382 |
U.S. Treasury Bills | — |  |  | 91,170 |  |  | — |  |  | 91,170 |
Total securities available-for-sale | — |  |  | 1,366,006 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,366,006 |
Other investments | — |  |  | 3,012 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,012 |
Derivative financial instruments | — |  |  | 12,869 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,869 |
Total assets | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,381,887 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,381,887 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative financial instruments | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15,794 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15,794 |
Total liabilities | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15,794 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15,794 |

| December 31, 2020
($ in thousands) | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  | Total Fair Value
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities available-for-sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15,161 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15,161 |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | — |  |  | 344,232 |  |  | — |  |  | 344,232 |
Residential mortgage-backed securities | — |  |  | 526,572 |  |  | — |  |  | 526,572 |
Corporate debt securities | — |  |  | 14,998 |  |  | — |  |  | 14,998 |
U.S. Treasury Bills | — |  |  | 11,466 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,466 |
Total securities available-for-sale | — |  |  | 912,429 |  |  | — |  |  | 912,429 |
Derivative financial instruments | — |  |  | 28,703 |  |  | — |  |  | 28,703 |
Total assets | $ | — |  |  | $ | 941,132 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 941,132 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative financial instruments | $ | — |  |  | $ | 34,967 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 34,967 |
Total liabilities | $ | — |  |  | $ | 34,967 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 34,967 |

•Securities available-for-sale. Securities classified as available-for-sale are reported at fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs. Fair values for Level 2 securities are based upon dealer quotes, market spreads, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information and the bond’s terms and conditions at the security level. Changes in fair value are recognized through accumulated other comprehensive income.
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•Derivatives. Derivatives are reported at fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs. The Company obtains counterparty quotations to value its interest rate swaps and caps. In addition, the Company validates the counterparty quotations with third-party valuation sources. Derivatives with negative fair values are included in Other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. Derivatives with positive fair value are included in Other assets in the consolidated balance sheets. Changes in the fair value of client-related derivative instruments are recognized through net income. For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the gains and losses substantially offset each other due to the Company’s hedging of the client swaps with other bank counterparties.

Fair value on a non-recurring basis
Certain financial assets and financial liabilities are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis; that is, the instruments are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances (for example, when there is evidence of impairment).
•Impaired loans. On a quarterly basis, fair value adjustments are recorded as necessary on impaired loans to account for (1) partial write-downs based on the current appraised or market-quoted value of the underlying collateral or (2) the full charge-off of the loan carrying value. In some cases, the properties for which market quotes or appraised values have been obtained are located in areas where comparable sales data is limited, outdated, or unavailable. In addition, the Company may adjust the valuations based on other relevant market conditions or information. Accordingly, fair value estimates, including those obtained from real estate brokers or other third-party consultants, for collateral-dependent impaired loans are classified in Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy.
•Other real estate. These assets are reported at the lower of the loan carrying amount at foreclosure or fair value. Fair value is based on third party appraisals of each property and the Company’s judgment of other relevant market conditions. These are considered Level 3 inputs.
•Loan servicing asset. The loan servicing asset is included in Other assets on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets and assessed for impairment on a quarterly basis. Market-based cash flow modeling and discounting models specific to the SBA industry are provided by a third-party valuation service and are considered Level 2 inputs.
The following table presents financial instruments and non-financial assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of December 31, 2021 and 2020.

| December 31, 2021
| (1) |  | (1) |  | (1) |  | (1) |
($ in thousands) | Total Fair Value |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Total losses for the year ended December 31, 2021
Impaired loans | $ | 6,406 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,406 |  | $ | 3,500 |
Other real estate | 632 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 632 |  | 29 |
Loan servicing asset | 3,146 |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,146 |  |  | $ | — |  | $ | 156 |
Total | $ | 10,184 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,146 |  |  | $ | 7,038 |  | $ | 3,685 |

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| December 31, 2020
| (1) |  | (1) |  | (1) |  | (1) |
($ in thousands) | Total Fair Value |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Total losses for the year ended December 31, 2020
Impaired loans | $ | 1,247 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,247 |  | $ | 4,486 |
Other real estate | 3,600 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,600 |  | 1,000 |
Total | $ | 4,847 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,847 |  | $ | 5,486 |

(1) The amounts represent balances measured at fair value during the period and still held as of the reporting date.
Carrying amount and fair value at December 31, 2021 and 2020
Following is a summary of the carrying amounts and fair values of the Company’s financial instruments on the consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2021 and 2020. This summary excludes certain financial assets and liabilities for which carrying value approximates fair value and financial instruments that are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis disclosed above. Financial instruments for which carrying values approximate fair value include cash and due from banks, federal funds sold, interest bearing deposits, accrued interest receivable/payable, demand, savings and money market deposits.

| December 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
($ in thousands) | Carrying Amount |  | Estimated fair value |  | Level |  | Carrying Amount |  | Estimated fair value |  | Level
Balance sheet assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities held-to-maturity | $ | 429,681 |  |  | $ | 434,672 |  |  | Level 2 |  | $ | 487,610 |  |  | $ | 501,523 |  |  | Level 2
Other investments | 56,884 |  |  | 56,884 |  |  | Level 2 |  | 48,764 |  |  | 48,764 |  |  | Level 2
Loans held-for-sale | 6,389 |  |  | 6,389 |  |  | Level 2 |  | 13,564 |  |  | 13,564 |  |  | Level 2
Loans, net | 8,872,601 |  |  | 8,869,891 |  |  | Level 3 |  | 7,088,264 |  |  | 7,067,562 |  |  | Level 3
State tax credits, held-for-sale | 27,994 |  |  | 30,686 |  |  | Level 3 |  | 36,853 |  |  | 39,925 |  |  | Level 3
Servicing asset | 6,714 |  |  | 6,714 |  |  | Level 2 |  | 5,721 |  |  | 5,721 |  |  | Level 2
Balance sheet liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Certificates of deposit | $ | 608,293 |  |  | $ | 606,177 |  |  | Level 3 |  | $ | 550,095 |  |  | $ | 553,946 |  |  | Level 3
Subordinated debentures and notes | 154,899 |  |  | 155,972 |  |  | Level 2 |  | 203,637 |  |  | 192,889 |  |  | Level 2
FHLB advances | 50,000 |  |  | 51,527 |  |  | Level 2 |  | 50,000 |  |  | 51,871 |  |  | Level 2
Other borrowings | 353,863 |  |  | 353,863 |  |  | Level 2 |  | 301,081 |  |  | 301,081 |  |  | Level 2

Limitations
Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment, and therefore, cannot be determined with precision. Such estimates include the valuation of loans, goodwill, intangible assets, and other long-lived assets, along with assumptions used in the calculation of income taxes, among others. These estimates and assumptions are based on management’s best estimates and judgment. Management evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using experience and other factors, including the current economic environment, which management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Such estimates and assumptions are adjusted when facts and circumstances dictate. Changing real estate values, illiquid credit markets, volatile equity markets, and declines in consumer spending have combined to increase the uncertainty inherent in such estimates and assumptions. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could differ significantly from these estimates. Changes in estimates resulting from continuing changes in the economic environment will be reflected in the financial statements in future periods. In addition, these estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the Company’s entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. Fair value estimates are based on existing on-balance and off-balance-sheet financial instruments without attempting to estimate the value of
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anticipated future business and the value of assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments. In addition, the tax ramifications related to the realization of the unrealized gains and losses can have a significant effect on fair value estimates and have not been considered in many of the estimates.
NOTE 20 - PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Condensed Balance Sheets

| December 31,
($ in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020
Assets |  |  |
Cash | $ | 94,760 |  |  | $ | 75,475 |
Investment in Bank | 1,568,796 |  |  | 1,200,689 |
Investment in nonbank subsidiaries | 14,302 |  |  | 9,778 |
Other assets | 33,847 |  |  | 35,108 |
Total assets | $ | 1,711,705 |  |  | $ | 1,321,050 |
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity |  |  |
Subordinated debentures and notes | $ | 154,899 |  |  | $ | 203,637 |
Notes payable | 22,857 |  |  | 30,000 |
Accounts payable and other liabilities | 4,833 |  |  | 8,439 |
Shareholders' equity | 1,529,116 |  |  | 1,078,974 |
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity | $ | 1,711,705 |  |  | $ | 1,321,050 |

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Condensed Statements of Operations

| Year ended December 31,
($ in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Income: |  |  |  |  |
Dividends from Bank | $ | 95,000 |  |  | $ | 37,000 |  |  | $ | 60,000 |
Dividends from nonbank subsidiaries | 2,000 |  |  | 1,400 |  |  | 1,500 |
Other | 3,600 |  |  | 483 |  |  | 663 |
Total income | 100,600 |  |  | 38,883 |  |  | 62,163 |
Expenses: |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense | 11,406 |  |  | 10,590 |  |  | 8,689 |
Other expenses | 11,037 |  |  | 6,946 |  |  | 6,936 |
Total expenses | 22,443 |  |  | 17,536 |  |  | 15,625 |
Income before taxes and equity in undistributed earnings of subsidiaries | 78,157 |  |  | 21,347 |  |  | 46,538 |
Income tax benefit | 3,710 |  |  | 3,448 |  |  | 3,478 |
Net income before equity in undistributed earnings of subsidiaries | 81,867 |  |  | 24,795 |  |  | 50,016 |
Equity in undistributed earnings of subsidiaries | 51,188 |  |  | 49,589 |  |  | 42,723 |
Net income | $ | 133,055 |  |  | $ | 74,384 |  |  | $ | 92,739 |

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Condensed Statements of Cash Flows

| Year ended December 31,
($ in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |
Net income | $ | 133,055 |  |  | $ | 74,384 |  |  | $ | 92,739 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: |  |  |  |  |
Share-based compensation | 6,017 |  |  | 4,178 |  |  | 4,032 |
Net income of subsidiaries | (148,188) |  |  | (87,989) |  |  | (104,223) |
Dividends from subsidiaries | 97,000 |  |  | 38,400 |  |  | 61,500 |
Other, net | (16) |  |  | 3,588 |  |  | (1,063) |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 87,868 |  |  | 32,561 |  |  | 52,985 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds (cash paid) for acquisitions, net of cash acquired | 2,346 |  |  | (1,243) |  |  | (36,015) |
Purchases of other investments | (2,204) |  |  | (1,166) |  |  | (2,634) |
Proceeds from distributions on other investments | 2,656 |  |  | 765 |  |  | 1,271 |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | 2,798 |  |  | (1,644) |  |  | (37,378) |
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from issuance of subordinated notes | — |  |  | 61,953 |  |  | — |
Payments for the redemption of subordinated notes | (50,000) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Proceeds from notes payable | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,000 |
Repayments of notes payable | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,000) |
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt | — |  |  | — |  |  | 40,000 |
Repayment of long-term debt | (7,143) |  |  | (4,286) |  |  | (5,714) |
Cash dividends paid | (26,153) |  |  | (19,795) |  |  | (16,569) |
Payments for the repurchase of common stock | (60,589) |  |  | (15,347) |  |  | (15,526) |
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock | 71,988 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other | 516 |  |  | 78 |  |  | (212) |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | (71,381) |  |  | 22,603 |  |  | (21) |
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents | 19,285 |  |  | 53,520 |  |  | 15,586 |
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year | 75,475 |  |  | 21,955 |  |  | 6,369 |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year | $ | 94,760 |  |  | $ | 75,475 |  |  | $ | 21,955 |
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: |  |  |  |  |
Noncash transactions: |  |  |  |  |
Common shares issued in connection with acquisitions | $ | 343,650 |  |  | $ | 167,035 |  |  | $ | 171,885 |

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NOTE 21 - SUPPLEMENTAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION
The following table presents miscellaneous income and other expense components that exceed one percent of the aggregate of total interest income and other income in one or more of the periods indicated:

| Year ended December 31,
($ in thousands) | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Miscellaneous income: |  |  |  |  |
Community development fees | $ | 5,491 |  |  | $ | 3,353 |  |  | $ | 889 |
Other miscellaneous income | 16,657 |  |  | 13,609 |  |  | 11,007 |
Total miscellaneous income | $ | 22,148 |  |  | $ | 16,962 |  |  | $ | 11,896 |
Other expense: |  |  |  |  |
Amortization expense | $ | 5,691 |  |  | $ | 5,673 |  |  | $ | 5,543 |
Banking expenses | 6,123 |  |  | 4,921 |  |  | 5,258 |
Customer analysis expense | 12,104 |  |  | 1,246 |  |  | — |
FDIC and other insurance | 5,789 |  |  | 3,897 |  |  | 2,380 |
Loan, legal expenses | 7,130 |  |  | 4,003 |  |  | 3,526 |
Meals and entertainment | 1,253 |  |  | 742 |  |  | 3,670 |
Outside services | 4,992 |  |  | 4,961 |  |  | 4,335 |
Other expenses | 19,593 |  |  | 18,807 |  |  | 17,119 |
Total other noninterest expenses | $ | 62,675 |  |  | $ | 44,250 |  |  | $ | 41,831 |

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ITEM 9: CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
ITEM 9A: CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the “Act”) as of December 31, 2021. Based upon this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer have concluded that as of December 31, 2021, such disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under the Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management (including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer) to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure, and is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.
Management’s Assessment of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15(d)-15(f) under the Act). The Company’s internal control system is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance to the Company’s management and Board of Directors regarding the preparation and fair presentation of published financial statements.
The Company’s internal control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures that pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect transactions and dispositions of assets; provide reasonable assurances that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, and that receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and the directors of the Company; and provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or untimely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.
All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial reporting. Further, because of changes in conditions, the effectiveness of any system of internal control may vary over time. The design of any internal control system also factors in resource constraints and consideration for the benefit of the control relative to the cost of implementing the control. Because of these inherent limitations in any system of internal control, management cannot provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud within the Company have been detected.
Management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Management has concluded that the Company maintained an effective system of internal control over financial reporting based on these criteria as of December 31, 2021.
The Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, Deloitte & Touche LLP, who audited the consolidated financial statements, has issued an audit report on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, and it is included herein.
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Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Act) that occurred during the Company’s quarter ended December 31, 2021 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
ITEM 9B: OTHER INFORMATION
None.
ITEM 9C: DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS
Not applicable.
PART III
ITEM 10: DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the Board and Committee Information and Executive Officer sections of the Company’s Proxy Statement for its 2022 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, which will be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, not later than 120 days after December 31, 2021.
Governance:
The Company has adopted a Code of Ethics applicable to all of its directors and employees, including the principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer. A copy of the Code of Ethics is available on the Company’s website at www.enterprisebank.com.
ITEM 11: EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the Executive Compensation section of the Company’s Proxy Statement for its 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which will be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, not later than 120 days after December 31, 2021.
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ITEM 12: SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans
The following table provides information regarding the securities authorized for issuance under our equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2021.
EQUITY COMPENSATION PLAN INFORMATION

Plan Category |  | Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights (a) |  | Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights (b) |  | Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (c)
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders |  | 477,686 |  |  | $ | 43.80 |  |  | 1,301,150 |
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total |  | 477,686 |  |  | $ | 43.80 |  |  | 1,301,150 |

(a) Includes the following:
•181,657 shares of common stock to be issued upon vesting of outstanding restricted stock units under the 2018 Stock Incentive Plan;
•169,244 shares of common stock to be issued upon vesting of outstanding performance units under the 2018 Stock Incentive Plan;
•112,927 shares of common stock to be issued upon exercise of outstanding non-qualified stock options; and
•22,300 shares of common stock to be issued upon deferral release of common stock under the 2018 Stock Incentive Plan and the Non-Management Director Stock Plan.
(b) Includes the following:
•price only applicable to the outstanding non-qualified stock options.
(c) Includes the following:
•670,326 shares of common stock available for issuance under the 2018 Stock Incentive Plan;
•73,618 shares of common stock available for issuance under the Non-Management Director Stock Plan; and
•571,064 shares of common stock available for issuance under the 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan.
Additional information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the Information Regarding Beneficial Ownership section of the Company’s Proxy Statement for its 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which will be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, not later than 120 days after December 31, 2021.
ITEM 13: CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the Related Person Transactions section of the Company’s Proxy Statement for its 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which will be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, not later than 120 days after December 31, 2021.
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ITEM 14: PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the Fees Paid to Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm section of the Company’s Proxy Statement for its 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which will be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, not later than 120 days after December 31, 2021.
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PART IV
ITEM 15: EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a) 1. Financial Statements
The following consolidated financial statements of Enterprise Financial Services Corp and its subsidiaries and independent auditors’ reports are included in Part II, Item 8, of this Form 10-K and are incorporated by reference from Part II, Item 8 hereof:
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2021 and 2020
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
2. Financial Statement Schedules
All financial statement schedules have been omitted, as they are either inapplicable or included in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
3. Exhibits
No. Description
2.1 Agreement and Plan of Merger, among Enterprise Financial Services Corp, Enterprise Bank & Trust, Trinity Capital Corporation and Los Alamos National Bank, dated November 1, 2018 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 2, 2018 (File No. 001-15373)).
2.2 Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated August 20, 2020 by and among Enterprise Financial Services Corp, Enterprise Bank & Trust, Seacoast Commerce Banc Holdings and Seacoast Commerce Bank (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 21, 2020 (File No. 001-15373)).
2.3 Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated April 26, 2021 by and among Enterprise Financial Services Corp, Enterprise Bank & Trust, First Choice Bancorp and First Choice Bank (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 26, 20210 (File No. 001-15373)).
3.1 Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant, (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed on December 16, 1996 (File No. 333-14737)).
3.2 Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed on July 1, 1999 (File No. 333-82087)).
3.3 Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ending September 30, 1999 (File No. 001-15373)).
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3.4 Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 30, 2002 (File No. 001-15373)).
3.5 Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant (incorporated herein by reference to Appendix A to Registrant's Proxy Statement on Form 14-A filed on November 20, 2008 (File No. 001-15373)).
3.6 Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ending June 30, 2014 (File No. 001-15373)).
3.7 Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.8 to Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on July 26, 2019 (File No. 001-15373)).
3.8 Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant (incorporated herein by reference to Appendix C to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-4/A filed on J une 2, 20 21 (File No. 333-256265)).
3.9 Certificate of Designations of Registrant for Fixed Rate Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A, dated December 17, 2008 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 23, 2008 (File No. 001-15373)).
3.10 Certificate of Elimination of Registrant’s Certificate of Designation, Preferences, and Rights of the Fixed Rate Cumu lative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A, dated Nove mber 9, 2021 (inco rporated herein by referen ce to Exhibit 3.1 to Registra nt’s Current Report on Form 8-K fil ed on November 9, 2021 (File No. 001-15373)).
3.11 Certificate of Designation of Registrant of Fixed Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A, dated November 16, 2021 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 1 7, 2021 (File No. 001-15373)).
3.12 Amended and Restated Bylaws of Registrant (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 12, 2015 (File No. 001-15373)).
4.1+ Description of Registrant’s Securities.
4.2 Long-term borrowing instruments are omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(4)(iii) of Regulation S-K. The Company undertakes to furnish copies of such instruments to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.
10.1.1* Executive Employment Agreement by and between Enterprise Financial Services Corp and James B. Lally, dated May 2, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Registrant, filed with the Commission on June 6, 2017 (File No. 001-15373)).
10.1.2* Executive Employment Agreement dated September 13, 2013 by and between Enterprise Financial Services Corp and Keene S. Turner (incorporated by reference herein to Exhibit 10.1 to Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ending September 30, 2013 (File No. 001-15373)), amended by that First Amendment of Executive Employment Agreement dated as of February 27, 2015 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1.7 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 27, 2015 (File No. 001-15373)), and amended by that Second Amendment to Executive Employment Agreement dated as of October 29, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1.2 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ending September 30, 2015 (File No. 001-15373)).
10.1.3* Restricted Stock Unit Agreement dated as of December 7, 2018 by and between Registrant and Keene S. Turner (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1.15 to Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 (File No. 001-15373)).
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10.1.4* Executive Employment Agreement dated effective January 1, 2005 by and between Enterprise Financial Services Corp and Scott R. Goodman, amended by that First Amendment of Executive Employment Agreement dated as of December 31, 2008 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1.5 to Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 15, 2013 (File 001-15373)), and amended by that Second Amendment of Executive Employment Agreement dated October 11, 2013 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1.5 to Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 17, 2014 (File 001-15373)).
10.1.5* Amended and Restated Executive Employment Agreement dated as of October 24, 2019 by and between Enterprise Financial Services Corp and Douglas N. Bauche (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of the Registrant, filed with the Commission on October 25, 2019 (File No. 001-15373)).
10.1.6* Executive Employment Agreement dated as of October 24, 2019 by and between Enterprise Financial Services Corp and Nicole M. Iannacone (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of the Registrant, filed with the Commission on October 25, 2019 (File No. 001-15373)).
10.1.7* Executive Employment Agreement dated as of October 24, 2019 by and between Enterprise Financial Services Corp and Mark G. Ponder (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of the Registrant, filed with the Commission on October 25, 2019 (File No. 001-15373)).
10.1.8* Enterprise Financial Services Corp Amended and Restated Deferred Compensation Plan I dated effective as of December 31, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to Registrant's Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008 (File No. 001-15373)).
10.1.9* Enterprise Financial Services Corp, Stock Plan for Non-Management Directors (incorporated herein by reference to Registrant’s Proxy Statement on Schedule 14-A filed on March 7, 2006, as amended on Schedule 14A filed on April 23, 2012 (File No. 001-15373), and as amended on Schedule 14A filed on April 17, 2019 (File No. 001-15373)).
10.1.10* Enterprise Financial Services Corp, Annual Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Appendix C to Registrant's Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A, filed on March 7, 2006 and as amended on Schedule 14A filed on April 23, 2012 (File No. 001-15373)).
10.1.11* Enterprise Financial Services Corp. Amended and Restated 2018 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Appendix A to Registrant’s Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A, filed on March 14, 2018 (File No. 001-15373)).
10.1.12* Enterprise Financial Services Corp. 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Appendix B to Registrant’s Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A, filed on March 14, 2018 (File No. 001-15373)).
10.1.13* Form of Enterprise Financial Services Corp LTIP Grant Agreement, pursuant to Amended and Restated 2018 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2018 (File No. 001-15373)).
10.1.14* Form of Enterprise Financial Services Corp Stock Option Award Agreement, pursuant to Amended and Restated 2018 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated here in by reference to Exhibit 10.1.14 to R egistra nt’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 19, 2021 (File No. 001-15373)).
10.1.15* Enterprise Financial Services Corp. Amendment to the Amended and Restated 2018 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Appendix A to Registrant’s Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A, filed on March 17, 2021 (File No. 001-15373)).
10.2 Form of Voting Agreements, dated November 1, 2018, between Enterprise Financial Services Corp and shareholders of Trinity Capital Corporation (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit A to
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Exhibit 2.1 to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 2, 2018 (File No. 001-15373)).
10.3 Loan Agreement dated February 24, 2016 between US Bank National Association and Registrant (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 (File No. 001-15373)), amended by the First Amendment to Loan Agreement dated as of February 23, 2017 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Registrant’s Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 (File No. 001-15373)), amended by the Second Amendment to Loan agreement dated as of February 23, 2018 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Registrant’s Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 (File No. 001-15373)),amended by the Third Amendment to Loan agreement dated as of February 22, 2019 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 (File No. 001-15373)), amended by the Fourth Amendment to Loan agreement dated as of February 22, 2020, (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 22, 2020 (File No. 001-15373)), amended by the Fifth Amendment to Loan Agreement dated as of February 22, 2021, and amended by the Sixth Amendment to Loan Agreement dated as of February 22, 2022, (filed herewith).
21.1+ Subsidiaries of Registrant.
23.1+ Co nsent of Deloitte & Touche LLP.
24.1+ Power of Attorney.
31.1+ Chief Executive Officer’s Certification required by Rule 13(a)-14(a).
31.2+ Chief Financial Officer’s Certification required by Rule 13(a)-14(a).
32.1+ Chief Executive Officer Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to section § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2+ Chief Financial Officer Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to section § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101+ Pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T, the following financial information from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2021, is formatted in Inline XBRL interactive data files: (i) Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020; (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019; (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019; (iv) Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019; (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019; and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
104+ The cover page of Enterprise Financial Services Corp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, formatted in Inline XBRL (contained in Exhibit 101).
* Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
+ Filed herewith
Note: In accordance with Item 601(b)(4)(iii) of Regulation S-K, Registrant hereby agrees to furnish to the SEC, upon its request, a copy of any instrument that defines the rights of holders of each issue of long-term debt of Registrant and its consolidated subsidiaries for which consolidated and unconsolidated financial statements are required to be filed and that authorizes a total amount of securities not in excess of ten percent of the total assets of the Registrant on a consolidated basis.
(b) The exhibits not incorporated by reference herein are filed herewith.
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(c) The financial statement schedules are either included in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements or omitted if inapplicable.
ITEM 16: FORM 10-K SUMMARY
None.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on February 25, 2022.
ENTERPRISE FINANCIAL SERVICES CORP

/s/ James B. Lally
James B. Lally
Chief Executive Officer and Director

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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated on February 25, 2022.

Signatures |  | Title
/s/ James B. Lally |  | Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer)
James B. Lally |
/s/ Keene S. Turner |  | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)
Keene S. Turner |
/s/ Troy R. Dumlao |  | Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer)
Troy R. Dumlao |
/s/ John S. Eulich* |  |
John S. Eulich |  | Chairman of the Board of Directors
/s/ Michael A. DeCola* |  |
Michael A. DeCola |  | Director
/s/ Robert E. Guest, Jr.* |  |
Robert E. Guest, Jr. |  | Director
/s/ James M. Havel* |  |
James M. Havel |  | Director
/s/ Judith S. Heeter* |  |
Judith S. Heeter |  | Director
/s/ Michael R. Holmes* |  |
Michael R. Holmes |  | Director
/s/ Peter H. Hui* |  |
Peter H. Hui |  | Director
/s/ Nevada A. Kent, IV* |  |
Nevada A. Kent, IV |  | Director
/s/ Richard M. Sanborn* |  |
Richard M. Sanborn |  | Director
/s/ Anthony R. Scavuzzo* |  |
Anthony R. Scavuzzo |  | Director
/s/ Eloise E. Schmitz* |  |
Eloise E. Schmitz |  | Director
/s/ Sandra A. Van Trease* |  |
Sandra A. Van Trease |  | Director

*By: /s/ Keene S. Turner
Keene S. Turner
Attorney-In-Fact
February 25, 2022
128