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Loans (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Non-covered Loans [Line Items] |
Schedule of Collateral Dependent Loans | Collateral-dependent nonperforming loans by class of loan is presented as of the dates indicated:
| December 31, 2023
| Type of Collateral
($ in thousands) | Commercial Real Estate |  | Residential Real Estate |  | Blanket Lien |  | Other
Commercial and industrial | $ | 527 |  |  | $ | 1,864 |  |  | $ | 344 |  |  | $ | 3,445 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial - investor owned | 19,467 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Commercial - owner occupied | 5,904 |  |  | 1,638 |  |  | 1,831 |  |  | — |
Construction and land development | 528 |  |  | 741 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Residential | — |  |  | 959 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 26,426 |  |  | $ | 5,202 |  |  | $ | 2,175 |  |  | $ | 3,445 |
| December 31, 2022
| Type of Collateral
($ in thousands) | Commercial Real Estate |  | Residential Real Estate |  | Blanket Lien |  |
Commercial and industrial | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,047 |  |  |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial - investor owned | 2,238 |  |  | 785 |  |  | — |  |  |
Commercial - owner occupied | 1,177 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |
Construction and land development | — |  |  | 1,192 |  |  | — |  |  |
Residential | — |  |  | 73 |  |  | — |  |  |
Total | $ | 3,415 |  |  | $ | 2,050 |  |  | $ | 1,047 |  |  |
Summary of Recorded Investment by for Portfolio Loans Restructured | The following table shows the recorded investment at the end of the reporting period for loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, disaggregated by loan class and type of concession granted:
| Term Extension
| Twelve months ended
($ in thousands) | December 31, 2023 |  | Percent of Total Loan Class
Commercial and industrial | $ | 39,437 |  |  | 0.84 | %
Real estate: |  |  |
Commercial - investor owned | 9,411 |  |  | 0.38 | %
Commercial - owner occupied | 94 |  |  | — | %
Construction and land development | 1,137 |  |  | 0.15 | %
Residential | 7,601 |  |  | 2.04 | %
Other | 4 |  |  | — | %
Total | $ | 57,684 |  |  |
The following table summarizes the financial impacts of loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty and outstanding at the end of the year:
| Weighted Average Term Extension (in months)
| Twelve months ended
| December 31, 2023
Commercial and industrial | 5
Real estate: |
Commercial - investor owned | 4
Commercial - owner occupied | 3
Construction and land development | 7
Residential | 3
Other | 48
The following table shows the aging of the recorded investment in modified loans by class:
| December 31, 2023
($ in thousands) | Current |  | 30-89 Days Past Due |  | 90 or More Days Past Due |  | Total
Commercial and industrial | $ | 39,187 |  |  | $ | 250 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 39,437 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial - investor owned | 9,411 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,411 |
Commercial - owner occupied | — |  |  | 94 |  |  | — |  |  | 94 |
Construction and land development | 1,137 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,137 |
Residential | 7,527 |  |  | 74 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,601 |
Other | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |
Total | $ | 57,262 |  |  | $ | 422 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 57,684 |
Summary of Recorded Investment by Risk Category of Portfolio Loans by Portfolio Class and Category | ross charge-offs by loan class and year of origination is presented in the following table:
|  | December 31, 2023
|  | Term Loans by Origination Year |  |  |  |  |  |
($ in thousands) |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | Prior |  | Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans |  | Revolving Loans |  | Total
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 600 |  |  | $ | 2,999 |  |  | $ | 1,940 |  |  | $ | 2,539 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,533 |  |  | $ | 15,178 |  |  | $ | 35,789 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial - investor owned |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 170 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,692 |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,869 |
Construction and land development |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |
Residential |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 480 |  |  | 176 |  |  | — |  |  | 656 |
Other |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | 459 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 319 |  |  | 12 |  |  | — |  |  | 793 |
Total charge-offs by origination year |  | $ | 600 |  |  | $ | 3,002 |  |  | $ | 2,569 |  |  | $ | 2,539 |  |  | $ | 4,692 |  |  | $ | 815 |  |  | $ | 12,721 |  |  | $ | 15,178 |  |  | $ | 42,116 |
Total gross charge-offs by performing status |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,099 |
Total gross charge-offs |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 43,215 |
Non-Covered Loans |
Non-covered Loans [Line Items] |
Summary of Portfolio Loans by Category | The following table presents a summary of loans by category:
($ in thousands) | December 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Commercial and industrial | $ | 4,674,056 |  |  | $ | 3,859,964 |
Real estate loans: |  |  |
Commercial - investor owned | 2,452,402 |  |  | 2,357,820 |
Commercial - owner occupied | 2,344,117 |  |  | 2,270,551 |
Construction and land development | 760,122 |  |  | 611,565 |
Residential | 371,995 |  |  | 395,537 |
Total real estate loans | 5,928,636 |  |  | 5,635,473 |
Other | 285,653 |  |  | 248,990 |
Loans, before unearned loan fees | 10,888,345 |  |  | 9,744,427 |
Unearned loan fees, net | (4,227) |  |  | (7,289) |
Loans, including unearned loan fees | $ | 10,884,118 |  |  | $ | 9,737,138 |
Summary of Allowance for Loan Losses and the Recorded Investment in Portfolio Loans by Class and Category Based on Impairment Method | A summary of the activity, by loan category, in the allowance for credit losses on loans for 2021, 2022, and 2023 is as follows:
($ in thousands) | Commercial and industrial |  | CRE - investor owned |  | CRE - owner occupied |  | Construction and land development |  | Residential real estate |  | Other |  |  |  | Total
Balance at December 31, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for credit losses on loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of year | $ | 58,812 |  |  | $ | 32,062 |  |  | $ | 17,012 |  |  | $ | 21,413 |  |  | $ | 4,585 |  |  | $ | 2,787 |  |  |  |  | $ | 136,671 |
Provision (benefit) for credit losses | 14,361 |  |  | 568 |  |  | (550) |  |  | (7,365) |  |  | 3,900 |  |  | 2,079 |  |  |  |  | 12,993 |
Initial allowance on acquired PCD loans | 1,077 |  |  | 3,651 |  |  | 1,504 |  |  | 37 |  |  | — |  |  | 737 |  |  |  |  | 7,006 |
Charge-offs | (12,113) |  |  | (2,487) |  |  | (602) |  |  | (3) |  |  | (1,521) |  |  | (459) |  |  |  |  | (17,185) |
Recoveries | 1,688 |  |  | 2,083 |  |  | 196 |  |  | 454 |  |  | 963 |  |  | 172 |  |  |  |  | 5,556 |
Balance, end of year | $ | 63,825 |  |  | $ | 35,877 |  |  | $ | 17,560 |  |  | $ | 14,536 |  |  | $ | 7,927 |  |  | $ | 5,316 |  |  |  |  | $ | 145,041 |
Balance at December 31, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for credit losses on loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of year | $ | 63,825 |  |  | $ | 35,877 |  |  | $ | 17,560 |  |  | $ | 14,536 |  |  | $ | 7,927 |  |  | $ | 5,316 |  |  |  |  | $ | 145,041 |
Provision (benefit) for credit losses | (6,121) |  |  | 46 |  |  | 4,867 |  |  | (3,145) |  |  | 540 |  |  | (397) |  |  |  |  | (4,210) |
Charge-offs | (6,082) |  |  | (478) |  |  | (395) |  |  | — |  |  | (2,068) |  |  | (370) |  |  |  |  | (9,393) |
Recoveries | 2,213 |  |  | 746 |  |  | 720 |  |  | 53 |  |  | 1,529 |  |  | 233 |  |  |  |  | 5,494 |
Balance, end of year | $ | 53,835 |  |  | $ | 36,191 |  |  | $ | 22,752 |  |  | $ | 11,444 |  |  | $ | 7,928 |  |  | $ | 4,782 |  |  |  |  | $ | 136,932 |
Balance at December 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for credit losses on loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of year | $ | 53,835 |  |  | $ | 36,191 |  |  | $ | 22,752 |  |  | $ | 11,444 |  |  | $ | 7,928 |  |  | $ | 4,782 |  |  |  |  | $ | 136,932 |
Provision (benefit) for credit losses | 38,308 |  |  | (335) |  |  | 523 |  |  | (1,300) |  |  | (2,109) |  |  | 796 |  |  |  |  | 35,883 |
Charge-offs | (36,302) |  |  | (4,869) |  |  | — |  |  | (9) |  |  | (656) |  |  | (1,379) |  |  |  |  | (43,215) |
Recoveries | 3,045 |  |  | 293 |  |  | 130 |  |  | 63 |  |  | 979 |  |  | 661 |  |  |  |  | 5,171 |
Balance, end of year | $ | 58,886 |  |  | $ | 31,280 |  |  | $ | 23,405 |  |  | $ | 10,198 |  |  | $ | 6,142 |  |  | $ | 4,860 |  |  |  |  | $ | 134,771 |
Schedule of Recorded Investment in Impaired Portfolio Loans by Category | The following tables present the recorded investment in nonperforming loans by category, excluding government guaranteed balances:
| December 31, 2023
($ in thousands) | Non-accrual |  | Restructured, accruing |  | Loans over 90 days past due and still accruing interest |  | Total nonperforming loans |  | Nonaccrual loans with no allowance
Commercial and industrial | $ | 7,641 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 115 |  |  | $ | 7,756 |  |  | $ | 6,179 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial - investor owned | 20,404 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 20,404 |  |  | 19,466 |
Commercial - owner occupied | 12,972 |  |  | — |  |  | 363 |  |  | 13,335 |  |  | 9,010 |
Construction and land development | 1,205 |  |  | — |  |  | 64 |  |  | 1,269 |  |  | 464 |
Residential | 959 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 959 |  |  | 959 |
Other | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 43,181 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 547 |  |  | $ | 43,728 |  |  | $ | 36,078 |
| December 31, 2022
($ in thousands) | Non-accrual |  | Restructured, accruing |  | Loans over 90 days past due and still accruing interest |  | Total nonperforming loans |  | Nonaccrual loans with no allowance
Commercial and industrial | $ | 4,373 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 70 |  |  | $ | 4,443 |  |  | $ | 1,047 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial - investor owned | 3,023 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,023 |  |  | — |
Commercial - owner occupied | 1,177 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,177 |  |  | — |
Construction and land development | 1,192 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,192 |  |  | 1,192 |
Residential | — |  |  | 73 |  |  | — |  |  | 73 |  |  | — |
Other | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 72 |  |  | 73 |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 9,766 |  |  | $ | 73 |  |  | $ | 142 |  |  | $ | 9,981 |  |  | $ | 2,239 |
Summary of Aging of Recorded Investment in Past Due Portfolio Loans by Portfolio Class and Category | The aging of the recorded investment in past due loans by class and category is presented as of the dates indicated.
| December 31, 2023
($ in thousands) | 30-89 Days Past Due |  | 90 or More Days Past Due |  | Total Past Due |  | Current |  | Total
Commercial and industrial | $ | 3,445 |  |  | $ | 9,037 |  |  | $ | 12,482 |  |  | $ | 4,661,574 |  |  | $ | 4,674,056 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial - investor owned | 1,905 |  |  | 18,395 |  |  | 20,300 |  |  | 2,432,102 |  |  | 2,452,402 |
Commercial - owner occupied | 8,409 |  |  | 14,142 |  |  | 22,551 |  |  | 2,321,566 |  |  | 2,344,117 |
Construction and land development | 770 |  |  | 1,908 |  |  | 2,678 |  |  | 757,444 |  |  | 760,122 |
Residential | 1,620 |  |  | 959 |  |  | 2,579 |  |  | 369,416 |  |  | 371,995 |
Other | 82 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 86 |  |  | 285,567 |  |  | 285,653 |
Loans, before unearned loan fees | 16,231 |  |  | 44,445 |  |  | 60,676 |  |  | 10,827,669 |  |  | 10,888,345 |
Unearned loan fees, net |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (4,227) |
Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 10,884,118 |
| December 31, 2022
($ in thousands) | 30-89 Days Past Due |  | 90 or More Days Past Due |  | Total Past Due |  | Current |  | Total
Commercial and industrial | $ | 555 |  |  | $ | 2,373 |  |  | $ | 2,928 |  |  | $ | 3,857,036 |  |  | $ | 3,859,964 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial - investor owned | — |  |  | 1,135 |  |  | 1,135 |  |  | 2,356,685 |  |  | 2,357,820 |
Commercial - owner occupied | 8,628 |  |  | 164 |  |  | 8,792 |  |  | 2,261,759 |  |  | 2,270,551 |
Construction and land development | 9 |  |  | 1,192 |  |  | 1,201 |  |  | 610,364 |  |  | 611,565 |
Residential | 1,227 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,227 |  |  | 394,310 |  |  | 395,537 |
Other | 18 |  |  | 72 |  |  | 90 |  |  | 248,900 |  |  | 248,990 |
Loans, before unearned loan fees | 10,437 |  |  | 4,936 |  |  | 15,373 |  |  | 9,729,054 |  |  | 9,744,427 |
Unearned loan fees, net |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (7,289) |
Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 9,737,138 |
Summary of Recorded Investment by Risk Category of Portfolio Loans by Portfolio Class and Category | The recorded investment by risk category of the loans by class and year of origination is presented in the following tables as of the dates indicated:
|  | December 31, 2023
|  | Term Loans by Origination Year |  |  |  |  |  |
($ in thousands) |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | Prior |  | Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans |  | Revolving Loans |  | Total
Commercial and industrial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass (1-6) |  | $ | 1,567,738 |  |  | $ | 1,052,462 |  |  | $ | 345,292 |  |  | $ | 194,972 |  |  | $ | 123,425 |  |  | $ | 71,205 |  |  | $ | 12,163 |  |  | $ | 1,108,233 |  |  | $ | 4,475,490 |
Special Mention (7) |  | 52,523 |  |  | 6,845 |  |  | 8,597 |  |  | 544 |  |  | 453 |  |  | 242 |  |  | 272 |  |  | 19,590 |  |  | 89,066 |
Classified (8-9) |  | 12,824 |  |  | 19,306 |  |  | 1,833 |  |  | 812 |  |  | 339 |  |  | 363 |  |  | 508 |  |  | 45,830 |  |  | 81,815 |
Total Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 1,633,085 |  |  | $ | 1,078,613 |  |  | $ | 355,722 |  |  | $ | 196,328 |  |  | $ | 124,217 |  |  | $ | 71,810 |  |  | $ | 12,943 |  |  | $ | 1,173,653 |  |  | $ | 4,646,371 |
Commercial real estate-investor owned |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass (1-6) |  | $ | 495,131 |  |  | $ | 544,223 |  |  | $ | 492,974 |  |  | $ | 323,175 |  |  | $ | 165,343 |  |  | $ | 236,914 |  |  | $ | 5,222 |  |  | $ | 51,413 |  |  | $ | 2,314,395 |
Special Mention (7) |  | 3,626 |  |  | 22,725 |  |  | 51,851 |  |  | 1,657 |  |  | 164 |  |  | 5,526 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 85,549 |
Classified (8-9) |  | 9,411 |  |  | 1,034 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 15,838 |  |  | 2,831 |  |  | 4,919 |  |  | 48 |  |  | — |  |  | 34,124 |
Total Commercial real estate-investor owned |  | $ | 508,168 |  |  | $ | 567,982 |  |  | $ | 544,868 |  |  | $ | 340,670 |  |  | $ | 168,338 |  |  | $ | 247,359 |  |  | $ | 5,270 |  |  | $ | 51,413 |  |  | $ | 2,434,068 |
Commercial real estate-owner occupied |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass (1-6) |  | $ | 407,901 |  |  | $ | 486,701 |  |  | $ | 489,589 |  |  | $ | 301,399 |  |  | $ | 183,872 |  |  | $ | 313,474 |  |  | $ | 5,083 |  |  | $ | 30,036 |  |  | $ | 2,218,055 |
Special Mention (7) |  | 13,739 |  |  | 2,521 |  |  | 4,652 |  |  | 10,492 |  |  | 5,439 |  |  | 15,833 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,493 |  |  | 54,169 |
Classified (8-9) |  | 3,389 |  |  | 3,413 |  |  | 2,247 |  |  | 3,181 |  |  | 8,878 |  |  | 24,857 |  |  | 5,056 |  |  | — |  |  | 51,021 |
Total Commercial real estate-owner occupied |  | $ | 425,029 |  |  | $ | 492,635 |  |  | $ | 496,488 |  |  | $ | 315,072 |  |  | $ | 198,189 |  |  | $ | 354,164 |  |  | $ | 10,139 |  |  | $ | 31,529 |  |  | $ | 2,323,245 |
Construction real estate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass (1-6) |  | $ | 292,689 |  |  | $ | 325,010 |  |  | $ | 96,426 |  |  | $ | 30,956 |  |  | $ | 1,413 |  |  | $ | 3,408 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 3,700 |  |  | $ | 753,612 |
Special Mention (7) |  | 42 |  |  | 2,958 |  |  | 1,046 |  |  | 210 |  |  | 123 |  |  | 114 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,493 |
Classified (8-9) |  | 1,137 |  |  | 704 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 13 |  |  | 466 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,320 |
Total Construction real estate |  | $ | 293,868 |  |  | $ | 328,672 |  |  | $ | 97,472 |  |  | $ | 31,166 |  |  | $ | 1,549 |  |  | $ | 3,988 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 3,700 |  |  | $ | 760,425 |
Residential real estate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass (1-6) |  | $ | 59,259 |  |  | $ | 41,956 |  |  | $ | 51,436 |  |  | $ | 30,713 |  |  | $ | 17,793 |  |  | $ | 77,327 |  |  | $ | 1,464 |  |  | $ | 78,351 |  |  | $ | 358,299 |
Special Mention (7) |  | 322 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 75 |  |  | 1,801 |  |  | — |  |  | 614 |  |  | 2,812 |
Classified (8-9) |  | 127 |  |  | 1,073 |  |  | 69 |  |  | — |  |  | 30 |  |  | 1,492 |  |  | 74 |  |  | 7,500 |  |  | 10,365 |
Total residential real estate |  | $ | 59,708 |  |  | $ | 43,029 |  |  | $ | 51,505 |  |  | $ | 30,713 |  |  | $ | 17,898 |  |  | $ | 80,620 |  |  | $ | 1,538 |  |  | $ | 86,465 |  |  | $ | 371,476 |
Other |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass (1-6) |  | $ | 10,071 |  |  | $ | 55,923 |  |  | $ | 67,766 |  |  | $ | 53,569 |  |  | $ | 9,382 |  |  | $ | 19,657 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 28,464 |  |  | $ | 244,839 |
Special Mention (7) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14,472 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,645 |  |  | 26,117 |
Classified (8-9) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8 |
Total Other |  | $ | 10,071 |  |  | $ | 55,923 |  |  | $ | 82,238 |  |  | $ | 53,569 |  |  | $ | 9,382 |  |  | $ | 19,665 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 40,109 |  |  | $ | 270,964 |
Total loans classified by risk category |  | $ | 2,929,929 |  |  | $ | 2,566,854 |  |  | $ | 1,628,293 |  |  | $ | 967,518 |  |  | $ | 519,573 |  |  | $ | 777,606 |  |  | $ | 29,907 |  |  | $ | 1,386,869 |  |  | $ | 10,806,549 |
Total loans classified by performing status |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 77,569 |
Total loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 10,884,118 |
|  | December 31, 2022
|  | Term Loans by Origination Year |  |  |  |  |  |
($ in thousands) |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Prior |  | Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans |  | Revolving Loans |  | Total
Commercial and industrial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass (1-6) |  | $ | 1,403,381 |  |  | $ | 635,275 |  |  | $ | 332,740 |  |  | $ | 172,127 |  |  | $ | 62,729 |  |  | $ | 66,152 |  |  | $ | 8,388 |  |  | $ | 964,592 |  |  | $ | 3,645,384 |
Special Mention (7) |  | 37,048 |  |  | 10,836 |  |  | 13,858 |  |  | 423 |  |  | 7,995 |  |  | 4,102 |  |  | — |  |  | 72,944 |  |  | 147,206 |
Classified (8-9) |  | 16,176 |  |  | 4,457 |  |  | 1,627 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 166 |  |  | 183 |  |  | — |  |  | 21,349 |  |  | 43,982 |
Total Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 1,456,605 |  |  | $ | 650,568 |  |  | $ | 348,225 |  |  | $ | 172,574 |  |  | $ | 70,890 |  |  | $ | 70,437 |  |  | $ | 8,388 |  |  | $ | 1,058,885 |  |  | $ | 3,836,572 |
Commercial real estate-investor owned |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass (1-6) |  | $ | 667,107 |  |  | $ | 584,644 |  |  | $ | 392,402 |  |  | $ | 240,033 |  |  | $ | 115,530 |  |  | $ | 202,661 |  |  | $ | 1,457 |  |  | $ | 53,051 |  |  | $ | 2,256,885 |
Special Mention (7) |  | 18,844 |  |  | 5,751 |  |  | 23,502 |  |  | 11,605 |  |  | — |  |  | 13,063 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 72,765 |
Classified (8-9) |  | 1,823 |  |  | — |  |  | 465 |  |  | 953 |  |  | 193 |  |  | 6,092 |  |  | 49 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,575 |
Total Commercial real estate-investor owned |  | $ | 687,774 |  |  | $ | 590,395 |  |  | $ | 416,369 |  |  | $ | 252,591 |  |  | $ | 115,723 |  |  | $ | 221,816 |  |  | $ | 1,506 |  |  | $ | 53,051 |  |  | $ | 2,339,225 |
Commercial real estate-owner occupied |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass (1-6) |  | $ | 539,610 |  |  | $ | 555,690 |  |  | $ | 362,150 |  |  | $ | 232,335 |  |  | $ | 123,095 |  |  | $ | 270,613 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 57,308 |  |  | $ | 2,140,801 |
Special Mention (7) |  | 11,164 |  |  | 3,801 |  |  | 16,856 |  |  | 4,455 |  |  | 13,043 |  |  | 9,009 |  |  | — |  |  | 800 |  |  | 59,128 |
Classified (8-9) |  | — |  |  | 1,572 |  |  | 3,483 |  |  | 8,910 |  |  | 15,873 |  |  | 11,387 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 41,225 |
Total Commercial real estate-owner occupied |  | $ | 550,774 |  |  | $ | 561,063 |  |  | $ | 382,489 |  |  | $ | 245,700 |  |  | $ | 152,011 |  |  | $ | 291,009 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 58,108 |  |  | $ | 2,241,154 |
Construction real estate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass (1-6) |  | $ | 290,146 |  |  | $ | 232,998 |  |  | $ | 53,129 |  |  | $ | 2,909 |  |  | $ | 2,061 |  |  | $ | 8,480 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,769 |  |  | $ | 591,492 |
Special Mention (7) |  | 17,331 |  |  | — |  |  | 681 |  |  | 146 |  |  | 111 |  |  | 106 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 18,375 |
Classified (8-9) |  | 1,192 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14 |  |  | 471 |  |  | 21 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,698 |
Total Construction real estate |  | $ | 308,669 |  |  | $ | 232,998 |  |  | $ | 53,810 |  |  | $ | 3,069 |  |  | $ | 2,643 |  |  | $ | 8,607 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,769 |  |  | $ | 611,565 |
Residential real estate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass (1-6) |  | $ | 63,317 |  |  | $ | 60,910 |  |  | $ | 48,796 |  |  | $ | 20,943 |  |  | $ | 11,259 |  |  | $ | 88,795 |  |  | $ | 579 |  |  | $ | 96,304 |  |  | $ | 390,903 |
Special Mention (7) |  | 331 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 79 |  |  | 352 |  |  | 781 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,543 |
Classified (8-9) |  | 121 |  |  | 73 |  |  | — |  |  | 53 |  |  | 1,102 |  |  | 994 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | 2,348 |
Total residential real estate |  | $ | 63,769 |  |  | $ | 60,983 |  |  | $ | 48,796 |  |  | $ | 21,075 |  |  | $ | 12,713 |  |  | $ | 90,570 |  |  | $ | 579 |  |  | $ | 96,309 |  |  | $ | 394,794 |
Other |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass (1-6) |  | $ | 38,753 |  |  | $ | 88,613 |  |  | $ | 56,252 |  |  | $ | 10,556 |  |  | $ | 20,508 |  |  | $ | 10,796 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9,536 |  |  | $ | 235,014 |
Special Mention (7) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Classified (8-9) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 25 |
Total Other |  | $ | 38,753 |  |  | $ | 88,613 |  |  | $ | 56,252 |  |  | $ | 10,560 |  |  | $ | 20,511 |  |  | $ | 10,807 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 9,540 |  |  | $ | 235,039 |
Total loans classified by risk category |  | $ | 3,106,344 |  |  | $ | 2,184,620 |  |  | $ | 1,305,941 |  |  | $ | 705,569 |  |  | $ | 374,491 |  |  | $ | 693,246 |  |  | $ | 10,476 |  |  | $ | 1,277,662 |  |  | $ | 9,658,349 |
Total loans classified by performing status |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 78,789 |
Total loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 9,737,138 |
In the tables above, loan originations in 2023 and 2022 with a classification of “special mention” or “classified” primarily represent renewals or modifications initially underwritten and originated in prior years. For certain loans the Company evaluates credit quality based on the aging status. The following tables present the recorded investment in loans based on payment activity as of the dates indicated:
| December 31, 2023
($ in thousands) | Performing |  | Non Performing |  | Total
Commercial and industrial | $ | 26,076 |  |  | $ | 112 |  |  | $ | 26,188 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |
Commercial - investor owned | 17,885 |  |  | — |  |  | 17,885 |
Commercial - owner occupied | 28,373 |  |  | — |  |  | 28,373 |
Residential | 712 |  |  | — |  |  | 712 |
Other | 4,406 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 4,411 |
Total | $ | 77,452 |  |  | $ | 117 |  |  | $ | 77,569 |
| December 31, 2022
($ in thousands) | Performing |  | Non Performing |  | Total
Commercial and industrial | $ | 23,240 |  |  | $ | 70 |  |  | $ | 23,310 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |
Commercial - investor owned | 18,595 |  |  | — |  |  | 18,595 |
Commercial - owner occupied | 29,397 |  |  | — |  |  | 29,397 |
Residential | 743 |  |  | — |  |  | 743 |
Other | 6,672 |  |  | 72 |  |  | 6,744 |
Total | $ | 78,647 |  |  | $ | 142 |  |  | $ | 78,789 |

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