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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2025
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES The significant accounting policies used by the Company in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements are summarized below. Business and Consolidation Enterprise is a financial holding company that provides a full range of banking and wealth management services to individuals and corporate clients primarily located in Arizona, California, Florida, Kansas, Missouri, Nevada, and New Mexico, and SBA loan and deposit productions offices throughout the country through its banking subsidiary, Enterprise Bank & Trust. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. The Company and its banking subsidiary are subject to the regulations of various federal and state agencies and undergo periodic examinations by those regulatory agencies. The Company has one operating segment. Use of Estimates The consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in conformity with GAAP. In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions, which significantly affect the reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements. Such estimates include the valuation of loans, goodwill, intangible assets, and other long-lived assets, along with assumptions used in the calculation of income taxes, among others. These estimates and assumptions are based on management’s best estimates and judgment. Management evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using experience and other factors, including the current economic environment, which management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Management adjusts such estimates and assumptions when facts and circumstances dictate. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could differ significantly from these estimates. Changes in those estimates resulting from continuing changes in the economic environment will be reflected in the financial statements in future periods. Cash Flow Information For purposes of reporting cash flows, the Company considers cash and due from banks, interest-bearing deposits and federal funds sold that mature within 90 days to be cash and cash equivalents. Cash balances include deposits in transit and drafts in the process of collection. The Federal Reserve is authorized to establish reserve requirements on depository institutions. In 2020, the Federal Reserve reduced the reserve requirement to zero percent. As such, cash balances at the Federal Reserve at December 31, 2025 and 2024 were not subject to a reserve requirement. Recent Accounting Pronouncements FASB ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. ASU 2023-09 was issued in December 2023 to require annual disclosures on specific categories in the income tax rate reconciliation by rate and amount, and provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold. Annual disclosures are required on income taxes paid, including the amounts paid for federal, state and foreign taxes and the amount paid in individual jurisdictions if the amount is equal to or greater than 5% of total income taxes paid (net of refunds received). Additional annual disclosures are required on pre-tax income from continuing operations and income tax expense, disaggregated by domestic and foreign amounts. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company has adopted ASU 2023-09 for the 2025 calendar year on a prospective basis. Because the ASU affects disclosures only, the adoption did not affect the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income or Consolidated Balance Sheet. FASB ASU 2024-03, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. ASU 2024-03 was issued in November 2024 to require public business entities to provide disaggregated disclosures, in the notes to the financial statements, of certain categories of expenses that are included in expense line items on the face of the income statement. The amendments in this update improve the disclosures about a public business entity’s expenses and address requests from investors for more detailed information about the types of expenses in commonly presented expense captions. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The amendments may be adopted prospectively or retrospectively. The Company is evaluating the accounting and disclosure requirements of ASU 2024-03 and does not expect them to have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. FASB ASU 2025-06, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software. ASU 2025-06 was issued in September 2025 to amend certain aspects of the accounting for and disclosure of software costs under ASC 350-40. The ASU makes improvements to ASC 350-40 relating to internally developed software costs, supersedes guidance on website development costs, but does not amend guidance on costs of software licenses. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027 and interim periods within those annual reporting periods, with early adoption permitted. The amendments may be applied on a prospective basis, a retrospective basis, or a modified prospective approach. The Company is evaluating the accounting and disclosure requirements of ASU 2025-06 and does not expect them to have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. FASB ASU 2025-08, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Purchased Loans. ASU 2025-08 was issued in November 2025 and expands the population of acquired financial assets subject to the gross-up approach in Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326). As a result of these amendments, loans (excluding credit cards) acquired without a more-than-insignificant amount of credit deterioration since origination (a “non-PCD asset”) and deemed “seasoned” are PSLs and accounted for using the gross-up approach at acquisition. After an entity determines that an acquired loan is a non-PCD asset based on its assessment of credit deterioration experienced since origination, an entity should apply the guidance described in this ASU to determine whether the loan is seasoned and, therefore, should be accounted for using the gross-up approach. All non-PCD assets (excluding credit cards) that are acquired in a business combination are deemed seasoned. Other non-PCD assets (excluding credit cards) are seasoned if they were purchased at least 90 days after origination and the acquirer was not involved in the origination of the loans. The amendments in this update are effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2026, with early adoption permitted. The amendments should be applied on a prospective basis. The Company has prospectively adopted ASU 2025-08 effective October 1, 2025. In the period of adoption, a credit mark of $3.3 million was recognized as an ACL on PSLs acquired from First Interstate Bank under the gross-up approach. FASB ASU 2025-09, Hedge Accounting Improvements. ASU 2025-09 was issued in November 2025 and is intended to better enable entities to achieve and maintain hedge accounting for highly effective economic hedges, while reducing the occurrence of missed forecasted transactions and unintuitive hedge designation events. ASU 2025-09 updated the following five areas in the hedge accounting model: 1) Similar risk assessment for cash flow hedges, 2) Hedging interest payments on choose-your-rate debt, 3) Cash flow hedges of nonfinancial forecasted transactions, 4) Net written options as hedging instruments, 5) Foreign currency-denominated debt designated as a hedging instrument and a hedged item. The amendments in this update are effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2026, with early adoption permitted. The amendments should be applied on a prospective basis. The Company is evaluating the accounting and disclosure requirements of ASU 2025-09 and does not expect them to have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. FASB ASU 2025-10, Government Grants (Topic 832): Accounting for Government Grants Received by Business Entities. ASU 2025-10 was issued in December 2025 and adds guidance on the recognition, measurement, and presentation of government grants depending on whether the grant is related to an asset or to income. For public business entities, the amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2028 and interim periods within those annual reporting periods, with early adoption permitted. The amendments may be applied on a modified prospective approach, a modified retrospective approach, or a full retrospective approach. The Company is evaluating the accounting and disclosure requirements of ASU 2025-10 and does not expect them to have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. FASB ASU 2025-11, Interim Reporting (Topic 270): Narrow-Scope Improvements. ASU 2025-11 was issued in December 2025 to improve the navigability of the guidance in ASC 270 and clarify when the guidance is applicable. The amendments clarify that an entity is subject to ASC 270 if it provides interim financial statements and notes in accordance with GAAP. The amendments also list the disclosures required under ASC 270, list the interim disclosures required under all other ASC topics, and establish the principle that an entity must disclose material events since the end of the last annual reporting period. For public business entities, the amendments in this update are effective for interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The amendments may be applied prospectively or retrospectively. The Company is evaluating the accounting and disclosure requirements of ASU 2025-11 and does not expect them to have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. FASB ASU 2025-12, Codification Improvements. ASU 2025-12 was issued in December 2025 to clarify, correct errors in, and make improvements to several topics in the codification. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods within those annual reporting periods, with early adoption permitted. The amendments may be applied prospectively or retrospectively. The Company is evaluating the accounting and disclosure requirements of ASU 2025-12 and does not expect them to have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Investments The Company has classified all investments in debt securities as either available-for-sale or held-to-maturity. Securities classified as available-for-sale are carried at fair value. Unrealized holding gains and losses for available-for-sale securities are excluded from earnings and reported as a net amount as a separate component of stockholders’ equity until realized. All previous fair value adjustments included in the separate component of stockholders’ equity are reversed upon sale. Securities classified as held-to-maturity are carried at amortized cost and adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts. An ACL on held-to-maturity securities is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the securities to reflect the expected amount to be collected. When it is determined a security will not be collected, the balance is written-off through the allowance. In evaluating the need for an ACL, securities with similar risk characteristics are grouped and an estimate of expected cash flows is determined using loss experience, adjusted for current and reasonable and supportable forecasts of economic conditions. For available-for-sale securities in a loss position, the Company evaluates whether the decline in fair value below amortized cost resulted from a credit loss or other factors. Losses attributed to credit are recognized through an ACL on available-for-sale securities, limited to the amount that the fair value of securities is less than the amortized cost basis. In assessing credit loss, the Company considers, among other things, (1) the extent to which fair value is less than the amortized cost basis, (2) adverse conditions specific to the security or industry, (3) historical payment patterns, (4) the likelihood of future payments, and (5) changes to the rating of a security by a rating agency. The Company has elected to exclude accrued interest receivable balances from the estimate of the ACL as these amounts are timely written off as a credit loss expense. Adjustments to the ACL on held-to-maturity and available-for-sale securities are recognized as a component of the provision for credit losses in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Premiums and discounts are amortized or accreted over the expected lives of the respective securities as an adjustment to yield using the interest method. Dividend and interest income is recognized when earned. Realized gains and losses are included in earnings and are derived using the specific identification method for determining the cost of securities sold. Loans Held-for-Sale and Servicing Assets The Company provides long-term financing of 1-4 family residential real estate by originating fixed and variable rate loans. Long-term fixed and variable rate loans are usually sold into the secondary market with limited recourse. Upon receipt of an application for a real estate loan, the Company determines whether the loan will be sold into the secondary market or retained in the Company’s loan portfolio. The interest rates on the loans sold are locked with the buyer and the Company bears no interest rate risk related to these loans. Mortgage loans held-for-sale are carried at the lower of cost or fair value, which is determined on a specific identification method. The Company does not retain servicing on these loans. The Company also originates SBA 7(a) loans that generally provide for a guarantee of 75% of the loan, up to a maximum amount. The guaranteed portion of the loan can be sold in an active secondary market. For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, all SBA7(a) loans are considered held-for-investment; however, as the Company makes the determination to sell the loans, they will be moved into the held-for-sale category. Sales of SBA guaranteed loans are executed on a servicing retained basis, and the Company retains the rights and obligations to service the loans. At December 31, 2025, the Company was servicing SBA loans that had been sold and has recorded a related servicing asset of $3.0 million. The servicing asset is accounted for under the amortization method and is evaluated for impairment. Amortization of the servicing asset is recorded as a reduction to servicing income. Gains on the sale of held-for-sale loans are reported net of direct origination fees and costs in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income. Loans Loans are reported at the principal balance outstanding, net of unearned fees, costs, and premiums or discounts on acquired loans. Loan origination fees, direct origination costs, and premiums or discounts resulting from acquired loans are deferred and recognized over the lives of the related loans as a yield adjustment using the interest method. Interest on loans is accrued to income based on the principal balance outstanding. The recognition of interest income is typically discontinued when a loan becomes 90 days past due or a significant deterioration in the borrower’s credit has occurred which, in management’s judgment, negatively impacts the collectibility of the loan. Unpaid interest on such loans is reversed at the time the loan becomes uncollectible and subsequent interest payments received are generally applied to principal if any doubt exists as to the collectibility of such principal. Loans that have not been restructured are returned to accrual status when management believes full collectibility of principal and interest is expected. Nonaccrual loans that have been restructured will remain in a nonaccrual status until the borrower has made at least six months of consecutive contractual payments. The Company has elected to present the accrued interest receivable balance separate from amortized cost basis, to exclude accrued interest receivable balances from the tabular disclosures, and not to estimate an ACL on accrued interest receivable as these amounts are timely written off as a credit loss expense. Accrued interest receivable totaled $58.3 million and $52.4 million at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and were reported in “Other assets” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Acquired Loans - Prior to ASU 2025-08 Prior to ASU 2025-08, an asset acquirer would be required to differentiate between loans purchased that have experienced a more-than-insignificant amount of credit deterioration since origination (“PCD assets”) and assets that have not experienced a more-than-insignificant amount of credit deterioration since origination (“non-PCD assets”). For PCD assets, the initial ACL recorded upon acquisition was established by increasing the amortized cost basis of the asset, with the expected credit losses included in the purchase price and no recognition of a provision for credit loss expense. For non-PCD assets, the expected credit losses were recorded through provision for credit losses establishing a “day-one loss” in earnings. Acquired Loans - After ASU 2025-08 Acquired loans are separated into two categories based on the credit risk characteristics of the underlying borrowers as either PCD assets or non-PCD assets. Non-PCD assets that are obtained through a business combination accounted for using the acquisition method, or that meets other criteria, are considered to be PSLs. At the date of acquisition, an ACL on PCD assets and PSLs is determined and added to the amortized cost basis of the individual loans. The difference between the initial amortized cost basis and the par value of the loan is a noncredit discount or premium, which is amortized into interest income over the life of the loan. The ACL on PCD assets and PSLs is recorded in the acquisition accounting and no provision for credit losses is recognized at the acquisition date. Subsequent changes to the ACL are recorded through provision expense. For non-PCD assets that do not meet the definition of PSLs, an ACL is established immediately after the acquisition through a charge to the provision for credit losses. The ACL on PCD assets, PSLs and non-PCD assets is determined by pooling loans with similar risk characteristics and using the approach described below under “ACL on Loans.” Nonaccrual Loans Loans are generally placed on nonaccrual status when contractually past due 90 days or more as to interest or principal payments. Additionally, whenever management becomes aware of facts or circumstances that may adversely impact the collectability of principal or interest on loans, it is management’s practice to place such loans on nonaccrual status immediately, rather than delaying such action until the loans become 90 days past due. Previously accrued and uncollected interest on such loans is reversed. Income is recorded only to the extent a determination has been made that the principal balance of the loan is collectible and the interest payments are subsequently received in cash, or for a restructured loan, the borrower has made six consecutive contractual payments. If collectibility of the principal is in doubt, payments received are applied to loan principal. Loans past due 90 days or more but still accruing interest are also generally included in nonperforming loans. ACL on Loans The ACL on loans is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected. Loans are charged-off against the allowance when management deems the loan uncollectible. Management estimates the allowance using relevant available information, from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Credit loss experience provides the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses. Adjustments to historical loss information are made for differences in current loan-specific risk characteristics such as differences in underwriting standards, portfolio mix, delinquency level, or term as well as for changes in environmental conditions, such as changes in unemployment rates, property values, or other relevant factors. The ACL on loans is measured on a collective basis when similar risk characteristics exist. The Company has identified the following portfolio segments: C&I – C&I loans consist of loans to small and medium-sized businesses in a wide variety of industries. These loans are generally collateralized by inventory, accounts receivable, equipment, real estate and other commercial assets, and may be supported by other credit enhancements such as personal guarantees. Risk arises primarily due to a difference between expected and actual cash flows of the borrower. However, the recoverability of these loans is also dependent on other factors primarily dictated by the type of collateral securing these loans. The fair value of the collateral securing these loans may fluctuate as market conditions change. Included within C&I are revolving loans supported by borrowing bases that fluctuate depending on the amount of underlying collateral. A portion of C&I loans consists of sponsor finance, which are loans with senior debt exposure to private equity backed companies. CRE – CRE loans include various types of loans for which the Company holds real property as collateral. CRE lending activity is typically restricted to owner-occupied properties or to investor properties that are owned by clients with a current banking relationship. The primary risks of CRE loans include the borrower’s inability to pay, material decreases in the value of the real estate being held as collateral and significant increases in interest rates, which may make the real estate mortgage loan unprofitable. Real estate loans may be more adversely affected by conditions in the real estate markets and in the general economy. Construction and Land Development – The Company originates loans to finance construction projects including 1-4 family residences, multifamily residences, commercial office, and industrial projects. Construction loans are generally collateralized by first liens on the real estate and have floating interest rates. Construction loans are considered to have higher risks due to construction completion and timing risk, and the ultimate repayment being sensitive to interest rate changes, governmental regulation of real property and the availability of long-term financing. Additionally, economic conditions may impact the Company’s ability to recover its investment in construction loans. Adverse economic conditions may negatively impact the real estate market which could affect the borrowers’ ability to complete and sell the project. Additionally, the fair value of the underlying collateral may fluctuate as market conditions change. Residential Real Estate – The Company originates loans to finance one- to four-family residences, secured by both first and second liens. Repayment of these loans is dependent on the borrowers’ ability to pay and the fair value of the underlying collateral. Residential loans with a second lien are inherently riskier due to the junior lien position. Agricultural – Agricultural loans are generally secured with equipment, livestock, crops or other non-real property and at times the underlying real property. Agricultural loans are primarily included as a component of CRE and C&I loans. As of December 31, 2023, the Company has ceased originating new agricultural credit relationships. Consumer – The Company provides a broad range of consumer loans to clients, including personal lines of credit, credit cards, recreational vehicles, yachts and automobile loans. Repayment of these loans is dependent on the borrowers’ ability to pay and the fair value of the underlying collateral. The Company utilizes a DCF method to measure the ACL on loans collectively evaluated that are sub-segmented by credit risk levels. The DCF method incorporates assumptions for probability of default, loss given default, prepayments and curtailments over the contractual term of the loans. In determining the probability of default, the Company utilized regression analysis to determine certain economic factors that are relevant loss drivers in the portfolio segments based on historical or peer evaluations. National unemployment is a loss driver used in all portfolios. The annual percentage change in gross domestic product is used in Construction, Agricultural, and Consumer portfolios. The annual percentage change in a CRE index, national house price index and national retail sales are used in the CRE, Residential Real Estate and C&I portfolios, respectively. The contractual term excludes expected extensions, renewals, and modifications unless the extension or renewal options are included in the original or modified contract at the reporting date and are not unconditionally cancellable by the Company. The Company uses a one-year reasonable and supportable forecast that considers baseline, upside and downside economic scenarios. For periods beyond the forecast period, the Company reverts to historical rates on a straight-line basis over a one-year period. Loans that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. Loans evaluated individually are not also included in the collective evaluation. When management determines foreclosure is probable, expected credit losses are based on the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date, adjusted for selling costs. Other individually-evaluated loans may be remeasured using a discounted cash flow method if appropriate. Nonaccrual loans, loans past due greater than 90 days and still accruing, unless adequately secured and in the process of collection, and nonperforming restructured loans are evaluated individually. Loan Charge-Offs Loans are charged-off when the primary and secondary sources of repayment (cash flow, collateral, guarantors, etc.) are less than their carrying value and the amounts are deemed uncollectible. OREO and Repossessed Assets OREO represents property acquired through foreclosure or deeded to the Company in lieu of foreclosure on loans on which the borrowers have defaulted on the payment of principal or interest. OREO is initially recorded at fair value less cost to sell and subsequently at the lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell. The fair value of OREO is based upon estimates of future cash flows, market value of similar assets, if available, or independent appraisals. These estimates involve significant uncertainties and judgments. As a result, fair value estimates may not be realizable in a current sale or settlement of the OREO. Gains and losses resulting from the writedown or sale of OREO are credited or charged to earnings. Costs of maintaining and operating OREO are expensed as incurred, and expenditures to complete or improve OREO properties are capitalized if the expenditures are expected to be recovered upon ultimate sale of the property. Repossessed assets represent property, other than real estate, that is acquired through repossession and is initially recorded at estimated fair value on the date of acquisition, less costs to sell. Subsequent to repossession, the assets are carried at the lower of cost or fair value, less estimated costs to sell. Fixed Assets Buildings, leasehold improvements, furniture, fixtures, and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. All categories are computed using the straight-line method over their respective estimated useful lives. Furniture, fixtures and equipment is depreciated over three to ten years and buildings and leasehold improvements over ten to forty years, based upon estimated lives or lease obligation periods. State Tax Credits The Company has purchased the rights to receive 10-year streams of state tax credits at agreed upon discount rates and sells such tax credits to its clients and others. State tax credits are accounted for at cost. The Company is also a minority partner in a joint venture, accounted for as an equity method investment, that purchases state income tax credits for resale to customers. Income from both the sale of state tax credits and earnings from the joint venture are reported as tax credit income in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Cash Surrender Value of Life Insurance The Company has purchased bank-owned life insurance policies on certain bank officers. Bank-owned life insurance is recorded at its cash surrender value. Changes in the cash surrender values, including death benefits in excess of the carrying amount, are included in noninterest income. Federal Home Loan Bank Stock The Bank, as a member of the FHLB, is required to maintain an investment in the capital stock of the FHLB. The stock is redeemable at par by the FHLB, and is, therefore, carried at cost and periodically evaluated for impairment. The Company records FHLB dividends in interest income. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets The Company tests goodwill for impairment on an annual basis and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the Company may not be able to recover the respective asset’s carrying amount. The Company’s annual test for impairment was performed as of December 31, 2025. Such tests involve the use of estimates and assumptions. Potential impairments to goodwill must first be identified by performing a qualitative assessment which evaluates relevant events or circumstances to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If this test indicates it is more likely than not that goodwill has been impaired, then a quantitative impairment test is completed. The quantitative impairment test calculates the fair value of the reporting unit and compares it with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds its implied fair market value, an impairment loss is recognized. That loss is equal to the carrying amount of goodwill that is in excess of its implied fair market value. Core deposit intangibles are amortized using an accelerated method over an estimated useful life of approximately 10 years. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets Long-lived assets, such as fixed assets and purchased intangibles subject to amortization, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized in the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. Assets to be disposed of are separately presented in the balance sheet and reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell, and are no longer depreciated. The assets and liabilities of a disposal group classified as held-for-sale are presented separately in the appropriate asset and liability sections of the balance sheet. Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities The Company uses derivative financial instruments to assist in managing interest rate sensitivity and to modify the repricing, maturity and option characteristics of certain assets and liabilities. In addition, the Company also offers an interest rate hedge program that includes interest rate swaps to assist its clients in managing their interest rate risk profile. In order to eliminate the interest rate risk associated with offering these products, the Company enters into derivative contracts with third parties to offset the client contracts. The Company does not enter into derivative financial instruments for trading purposes. Derivative instruments are required to be measured at fair value and recognized as either assets or liabilities in the consolidated financial statements. Fair value represents the payment the Company would receive or pay if the item were sold or bought in a current transaction. The accounting for changes in fair value (gains or losses) of a hedged item is dependent on whether the related derivative is designated and qualifies for “hedge accounting.” The Company assigns derivatives to one of these categories at the purchase date: cash flow hedge, fair value hedge, or non-designated hedges as part of a client interest-rate swap product. An assessment of the expected and ongoing hedge effectiveness of any derivative designated a fair value hedge or cash flow hedge is performed as required by the applicable accounting standards. Derivatives are included in Other assets and Other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The fair value amounts recognized for derivative instruments and the fair value amounts recognized for the right to reclaim or obligation to return cash collateral are not offset when represented under a master netting arrangement. Generally, the only derivative instruments used by the Company have been interest rate swaps, collars, forward currency contracts, and interest rate caps. Certain derivative financial instruments are not designated as cash flow or as fair value hedges for accounting purposes. These non-designated derivatives are intended to provide interest rate protection on net interest income or noninterest income but do not meet hedge accounting treatment. Client accommodation interest rate swap contracts are not designated as hedging instruments. Changes in the fair value of these instruments are recorded in interest income or noninterest income in the consolidated statements of income depending on the underlying hedged item. Income Taxes The Company and its subsidiaries file a consolidated federal income tax return. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The need for deferred tax asset valuation allowances is based on a more-likely-than-not standard. The ability to realize deferred tax assets depends on the ability to generate sufficient positive taxable income within the carryback or carryforward periods provided for in the laws for each applicable taxing jurisdiction. The following possible sources of taxable income are considered: future reversal patterns of existing taxable temporary differences, future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences, taxable income in prior carryback years and the availability of qualified tax planning strategies. The assessment regarding whether a valuation allowance is required or should be adjusted depends on all available positive and negative factors including, but not limited to, nature, frequency, and severity of recent losses, duration of available carryforward periods, experience with tax attributes expiring unused and near and medium term financial outlook. Because of the complexity of tax laws and regulations, interpretation can be difficult and subject to legal judgment given specific facts and circumstances. It is possible that others, given the same information, may at any point in time reach different reasonable conclusions regarding the estimated amounts of accrued taxes. Stock-Based Compensation Stock-based compensation is recognized as an expense for the employee stock purchase plan, stock options, restricted stock awards, performance stock units, and restricted stock units granted to employees and directors in return for service. Equity classified awards are measured at the grant date fair value using either an observable market value or a valuation methodology, and are recognized over the requisite service period on a straight-line basis. Forfeitures are recorded as they occur. A description of the Company’s stock-based employee compensation plans is included in “Note 14 - Stockholders’ Equity and Compensation Plans.” Deposit Verticals The Company offers a deposit vertical platform to clients in certain industries, primarily community associations, property management, and legal industry and escrow services. These clients will typically receive an earnings credit rate on average collected balances that is used to offset their cost of maintaining the deposit accounts. Earnings credits, otherwise referred to as Deposit costs, are reflected as a component of non-interest expense in the Consolidated Statement of Income. Acquisitions and Divestitures Acquisitions and business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting. The assets and liabilities of the acquired entities have been recorded at their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition. Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired, including the amount assigned to identifiable intangible assets. The purchase price allocation process requires an estimation of the fair values of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. When a business combination agreement provides for an adjustment to the cost of the combination contingent on future events, the Company includes an estimate of the acquisition-date fair value as part of the cost of the combination. To determine the fair values, the Company relies on third party valuations, such as appraisals, or internal valuations based on discounted cash flow analyses or other valuation techniques. The results of operations of the acquired business are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition. Merger-related expenses include costs directly related to merger or acquisition activity and include legal and professional fees, system consolidation and conversion costs, and compensation costs such as severance and retention incentives for employees impacted by acquisition activity. The Company accounts for merger-related expenses in the periods in which the costs are incurred and the services are received. For divestitures, the Company measures an asset (disposal group) classified as held-for-sale at the lower of its carrying value at the date the asset is initially classified as held-for-sale or its fair value less costs to sell. The Company reports the results of operations of an entity or group of components that either has been disposed of or held-for-sale as discontinued operations only if the disposal of that component represents a strategic shift that has or will have a major effect on an entity’s operations and financial results. Any incremental direct costs incurred to transact the sale are allocated against the gain or loss on the sale. These costs include items such as legal fees, title transfer fees, broker fees, etc. Any goodwill and intangible assets associated with the portion of the reporting unit to be disposed of is included in the carrying amount of the business in determining the gain or loss on the sale. Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Common Share Basic earnings per common share data is calculated by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Common shares outstanding include common stock and restricted stock awards where recipients have satisfied the vesting terms. Diluted earnings per common share gives effect to all potential dilutive common shares outstanding during the period using the treasury stock method. Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income The Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income includes the amount and the related tax impact that have been reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to net income. The classification adjustment for unrealized loss/gain on sale of securities included in net income has been recorded through the gain on sale of investment securities line item, within noninterest income, in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income. The gain or loss on derivatives designated and qualified as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income and subsequently reclassified into interest income or expense in the same period(s) during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest income or expense as interest payments are paid on the Company’s variable-rate loans and debt. Stock Repurchases The Company periodically adopts stock repurchase plans that authorize open market repurchases of common stock. Shares acquired through the repurchase plan are classified as treasury stock or the shares are immediately retired upon settlement, depending on plan authorization. When shares are retired, the excess of repurchase price over par is allocated between additional paid-in capital and retained earnings. The amount allocated to additional paid-in capital is limited to the pro rata portion of additional paid-in capital at the time of repurchase.

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