10-K 1 a10kq42016.htm 10-K 2016

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)

x | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016
OR

o | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission File Number 1-14225
HNI Corporation

An Iowa Corporation |  | 600 East Second Street |  | IRS Employer No. 42-0617510
|  | P. O. Box 1109 |  |
|  | Muscatine, IA 52761-0071 |  |
|  | 563/272-7400 |  |

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, with par value of $1.00 per share. |  | New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None.
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.
Yes o No x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | T | Accelerated filer | o
Non-accelerated filer | o (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) | Smaller reporting company | o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).
Yes o No T
The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant, as of July 2, 2016 was $1,697,789,756, based on the New York Stock Exchange closing price for such shares on that date, assuming for purposes of this calculation that all 10 percent holders and all directors and executive officers of the Registrant are affiliates.
The number of shares outstanding of the Registrant's common stock, as of February 3, 2017, was 43,983,489.
Documents Incorporated by Reference
Portions of the Registrant's Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on May 9, 2017 are incorporated by reference into Part III.

Table of Contents
ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I
|  | Page
Item 1. | Business | 4
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 11
Item 1B. | Unresolved Staff Comments | 18
Item 2. | Properties | 19
Item 3. | Legal Proceedings | 20
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 20
| Table I – Executive Officers of the Registrant | 21
PART II
Item 5. | Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities | 22
Item 6. | Selected Financial Data | 23
Item 7. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 24
Item 7A. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 33
Item 8. | Financial Statements and Supplementary Data | 33
Item 9. | Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure | 33
Item 9A. | Controls and Procedures | 33
Item 9B. | Other Information | 33
PART III
Item 10. | Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance | 34
Item 11. | Executive Compensation | 34
Item 12. | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters | 34
Item 13. | Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence | 34
Item 14. | Principal Accounting Fees and Services | 34
PART IV
Item 15. | Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules | 35
Signatures | 36
Management Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting | 37
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms | 38
Financial Statements | 40
Financial Statement Schedules | 45
Index of Exhibits | 70

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ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
General
HNI Corporation (the “Corporation”, “we”, “us” or “our”) is an Iowa corporation incorporated in 1944. The Corporation is a provider of office furniture and hearth products. Office furniture products include panel-based and freestanding furniture systems, seating, storage and tables. These products are sold primarily through a national system of dealers, wholesalers and office product distributors but also directly to end-user customers and federal, state and local governments. Hearth products include a full array of gas, wood and pellet burning fireplaces, inserts, stoves, facings and accessories. These products are sold through a national system of dealers and distributors, as well as Corporation-owned distribution and retail outlets. In fiscal 2016, the Corporation had net sales of $2.2 billion, of which approximately $1.7 billion or 77 percent was attributable to office furniture products and $0.5 billion or 23 percent was attributable to hearth products. Please refer to Reportable Segment Information in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further information about operating segments.
The Corporation is organized into a corporate headquarters and operating units with offices, manufacturing plants, distribution centers and sales showrooms in the United States, China, Hong Kong, India, Taiwan, Mexico and Dubai. See "Item 2. Properties" for additional related discussion.
Nine operating units, marketing under various brand names, participate in the office furniture industry. These operating units include:
The HON Company LLC ("HON")
Allsteel Inc. ("Allsteel")
Maxon Furniture Inc.
The Gunlocke Company LLC
Paoli LLC
Hickory Business Furniture, LLC (“HBF”)
OFM LLC ("OFM")
HNI Hong Kong Limited (“Lamex”)
BP Ergo Limited ("BP Ergo")
Each of these operating units provides products, which are sold through various channels of distribution and segments of the industry. HNI Export sells office furniture products manufactured by the Corporation’s operating units in select markets outside the United States and Canada.
The operating unit Hearth & Home Technologies LLC (“Hearth & Home”) participates in the hearth products industry. The retail and distribution brand for this operating unit is Fireside Hearth & Home.
The Corporation has been committed to systematically eliminating waste through its process improvement approach known as Rapid Continuous Improvement (“RCI”), which focuses on streamlining design, manufacturing and administrative processes. The Corporation's RCI program has contributed to increased productivity, lower costs, improved product quality, enhanced workplace safety and shorter average lead times.
The Corporation's product development efforts are focused on developing and providing relevant and differentiated solutions, delivering quality, aesthetics and style.
An important element of the Corporation's success has been its member-owner culture, which has enabled it to attract, develop, retain and motivate skilled, experienced and efficient members (i.e., employees). Each of the Corporation's eligible members has the opportunity to own stock in the Corporation through a number of stock-based plans, including a member stock purchase plan and a profit-sharing retirement plan. These ownership opportunities drive a unique level of commitment to the Corporation’s success throughout the workforce.
For further financial-related information with respect to acquisitions, divestitures, operating segment information, restructuring and the Corporation’s operations in general, refer to “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Part II of this report and the following sections in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements: Nature of Operations, Business Combinations and Reportable Segment Information.
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Industry
According to the Business and Institutional Furniture Manufacturer's Association (“BIFMA”), North American 2016 sales of office and institutional furniture grew 2 percent from 2015 levels. During 2016, BIFMA changed the data reporting structure whereby reporting elements are not historically comparable. Under the previous methodology, BIFMA reported 2015 shipments were up 5 percent from 2014 levels.
The U.S. office furniture market consists of two primary channels—the contract channel and the supplies-driven channel. The contract channel has traditionally been characterized by sales of office furniture and services to large corporations, primarily for new office facilities, relocations or office redesigns. Sales to the contract channel are frequently customized to meet specific client and designer preferences. Contract furniture is generally purchased through office furniture dealers who prepare a custom-designed office layout emphasizing image and design. The selling process is complex, lengthy and generally has several manufacturers competing for the same projects.
The supplies-driven channel of the market, in which the Corporation is a leader, primarily represents smaller orders of office furniture purchased by small/medium businesses. Sales in this channel are driven on the basis of price, quality, selection, speed and reliability of delivery. Office products dealers, wholesalers and national office product distributors are the primary distribution channels in this market. Office products dealers publish content on the internet and periodic catalogs displaying office furniture and products from various manufacturers.
The Corporation also competes in the hearth products industry, where it is a market leader. Hearth products are typically purchased by builders during the construction of new homes and homeowners during the renovation of existing homes. Both types of purchases involve seasonality with remodel/retrofit activity being concentrated in the September to December time-frame. Distribution is primarily through independent dealers, who may buy direct from the manufacturer or from an intermediate distributor.
Strategy
The Corporation's strategy is to build on its position as a leading manufacturer of office furniture and hearth products in North America and pursue select global markets where opportunities exist to create shareholder value. The components of this growth strategy are to introduce new products, build brand equity, provide outstanding customer satisfaction, strengthen the distribution network, pursue complementary strategic acquisitions, enter markets not currently served and continually reduce costs.
The Corporation’s strategy has a dual focus: working continuously to extract new growth from its core markets while identifying and developing new, adjacent potential areas of growth. The Corporation focuses on extracting new growth from each of its existing businesses by deepening its understanding of end-users and using the insights gained to refine branding, selling, marketing and product development. The Corporation also pursues opportunities in potential growth drivers related to its core business, such as vertical markets or new distribution models.
Employees/Members
As of December 31, 2016, the Corporation employed approximately 9,400 persons, 8,900 of whom were full-time and 500 of whom were temporary personnel. The Corporation believes its labor relations are good.
Products and Solutions
Office Furniture
The Corporation designs, manufactures and markets a broad range of office furniture systems and seating across a range of price points. The Corporation's portfolio includes panel-based and freestanding furniture systems and complementary products such as seating, storage, tables and relocatable architectural walls. The Corporation offers a complete line of office panel system products and freestanding desks, bookshelves and credenzas in order to meet the needs of a wide spectrum of organizations. The Corporation offers a variety of storage options designed either to be integrated into the Corporation's office systems products or to function as freestanding furniture in office applications. The Corporation's seating line includes chairs designed for all types of office work. The chairs are available in a variety of frame colors, coverings and a wide range of price points.
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To meet the demands of various markets, the Corporation's products are sold under various private labels in addition to the Corporation's brands:
HON®
Allsteel®
Maxon®
Gunlocke®
Paoli®
HBF®
OFM®
basyx® by HON
Lamex®
ERGO TM
Hearth Products
The Corporation is North America’s largest manufacturer and marketer of prefabricated fireplaces, hearth stoves and related products. These products are primarily for the home and are sold under the following widely recognized brands:
Heatilator®,
Heat & Glo®
Majestic®
Monessen®
Quadra-Fire®,
Harman Stove TM
Vermont Castings®
PelPro TM
The Corporation’s line of hearth products includes a full array of gas, wood and pellet burning fireplaces, inserts, stoves, facings and accessories. Heatilator®, Heat & Glo®, Majestic® and Monessen® are brand leaders in the two largest segments of the home fireplace market: gas and wood fireplaces. The Corporation is the leader in “direct vent” fireplaces, which replace the chimney-venting system used in traditional fireplaces with a less expensive vent through the roof or an outer wall. In addition, the Corporation is the market leader in wood and pellet-burning stoves with its Quadra-Fire®, Harman Stove TM, Vermont Castings® and PelPro TM product lines which provide home heating solutions using renewable fuels. See “Intellectual Property” under "Item 1. Business" for additional details.
Manufacturing
The Corporation manufactures office furniture in Georgia, Indiana, Iowa, New York, North Carolina, China and India. The Corporation manufactures hearth products in Iowa, Maryland, Minnesota, Pennsylvania, Vermont and Washington.
The Corporation purchases raw materials and components from a variety of suppliers, and generally most items are available from multiple sources. Major raw materials and components include coil steel, aluminum, zinc, castings, lumber, veneer, particleboard, fabric, paint, lacquer, hardware, glass, plastic products and shipping cartons.
Since its inception, the Corporation has focused on making its manufacturing facilities and processes more flexible while reducing cost, eliminating waste and improving product quality. The Corporation applies the principles of RCI and a lean manufacturing philosophy leveraging the creativity of its members to eliminate and reduce costs. To achieve flexibility and attain efficiency goals, the Corporation has adopted a variety of production techniques, including cellular manufacturing, focused factories, just-in-time inventory management, value engineering, business simplification and 80/20 principles. The application of RCI has increased productivity by reducing set-up, processing times, square footage, inventory levels, product costs and delivery times, while improving quality and enhancing member safety. The Corporation's RCI process involves members, customers and suppliers. Manufacturing also plays a key role in the Corporation's concurrent product development process in order to design new products for ease of manufacturability.
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Product Development
The Corporation's product development efforts are primarily focused on developing relevant and differentiated end-user solutions focused on quality, aesthetics, style, sustainable design and reduced manufacturing costs. The Corporation accomplishes this through improving existing products, extending product lines, applying ergonomic research, improving manufacturing processes, leveraging alternative materials and providing engineering support to its operating units. The Corporation conducts its product development efforts at both the corporate and operating unit level. The Corporation invested approximately $28.1 million, $31.1 million and $29.7 million in product development during fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
Intellectual Property
As of December 31, 2016, the Corporation owned 197 U.S. and 223 foreign patents with expiration dates through 2040 and had applications pending for 30 U.S. and 71 foreign patents. In addition, the Corporation holds 200 U.S. and 467 foreign trademark registrations and has applications pending for 29 U.S. and 15 foreign trademarks.
The Corporation's principal office furniture products do not require frequent technical changes. The Corporation believes neither any individual office furniture patent nor the Corporation's office furniture patents in the aggregate are material to the Corporation's business as a whole.
The Corporation’s patents covering its hearth products protect various technical innovations. While the acquisition of patents reflects Hearth & Home’s position in the market as an innovation leader, the Corporation believes neither any individual hearth product patent nor the Corporation’s hearth product patents in the aggregate are material to the Corporation’s business as a whole.
The Corporation applies for patent protection when it believes the expense of doing so is justified and the duration of its registered patents is adequate to protect these rights. The Corporation also pays royalties in certain instances for the use of patents on products and processes owned by others.
The Corporation applies for trademark protection for brands and products when it believes the expense of doing so is justified. The Corporation actively protects trademarks it believes have significant value. The Corporation believes neither the loss of any individual trademark nor the loss of the Corporation's trademarks in the aggregate would materially or adversely affect the Corporation's business as a whole, except for HON, Allsteel, Heat & Glo and Heatilator.
Sales and Distribution: Customers
The Corporation sells its office furniture products through five principal distribution channels. The first channel, consisting of independent, local office products dealers, specializes in the sale of office furniture and office furniture systems to business, government, education and health care entities.
The second distribution channel is comprised of national office product distributors that sell furniture and office supplies through a national network of dealerships and sales offices. These distributors also sell through on-line and retail office products stores.
The third distribution channel involves the Corporation having the lead selling relationship with the end-user.
The fourth distribution channel is comprised of wholesalers serving as distributors of the Corporation's products to independent dealers and national office products distributors. Wholesalers maintain inventory of standard product lines for resale to the various dealers and national office products distributors. They also special order products from the Corporation in customer-selected models and colors. Wholesalers maintain warehouse locations throughout the United States, which enables the Corporation to make its products available for rapid delivery to resellers anywhere in the country.
The fifth distribution channel is comprised of direct sales of the Corporation's products to federal, state and local government offices.
The Corporation's office furniture sales force consists of regional sales managers, salespersons and firms of independent manufacturers' representatives who collectively provide national sales coverage. Sales managers and salespersons are compensated by a combination of salary and variable performance compensation.
Office products dealers, national wholesalers and national office product distributors market their products over the internet and through catalogs published periodically and distributed to existing and potential customers.
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The Corporation also makes export sales through HNI Export to office furniture dealers and wholesale distributors serving select foreign markets. Distributors are principally located in the Middle East, Mexico, Latin America and the Caribbean. Through Lamex and BP Ergo, the Corporation manufactures and distributes office furniture directly to end-users and through independent dealers and distributors in Asia, primarily China and India.
Limited quantities of select finished goods inventories primarily built to order and awaiting shipment are at the Corporation's principal manufacturing plants and at its various distribution centers.
Hearth & Home sells its fireplace and stove products through dealers, distributors and Corporation-owned distribution and retail outlets. The Corporation has a field sales organization of regional sales managers, salespersons and firms of independent manufacturers' representatives.
In fiscal 2016, the Corporation's five largest customers represented approximately 25 percent of its consolidated net sales. No single customer accounted for 10 percent or more of the Corporation’s consolidated net sales in fiscal 2016. The substantial purchasing power exercised by large customers may adversely affect the prices at which the Corporation can successfully offer its products.
The above percentages do not include revenue from various government agencies. In aggregate, purchases by federal government entities collectively accounted for approximately 4 percent of the Corporation's consolidated net sales.
As of December 31, 2016, the Corporation had an order backlog of approximately $175.7 million, which will be filled in the ordinary course of business within the first few months of the fiscal year. This compares with $173.8 million as of January 2, 2016. Backlog, in terms of percentage of net sales, was 8.0 percent and 7.6 percent for fiscal 2016 and 2015, respectively. The Corporation’s products are typically manufactured and shipped within a few weeks following receipt of order or later upon customer request. Therefore, the dollar amount of the Corporation’s order backlog is not considered by management to be a leading indicator of the Corporation’s expected sales in any particular fiscal period.
Competition
The Corporation is a leading global office furniture manufacturer and is North America's largest manufacturer and marketer of fireplaces.
The office furniture industry is highly competitive, with a significant number of competitors offering similar products. The Corporation competes by emphasizing its ability to deliver compelling value products, solutions and a high level of tailored customer service. The Corporation competes with large office furniture manufacturers, which cover a substantial portion of the North America market share in the contract-oriented office furniture market including manufacturers such as Steelcase Inc., Haworth, Inc., Herman Miller, Inc. and Knoll, Inc. The Corporation also competes with a number of other office furniture manufacturers, including The Global Group (a Canadian company), Kimball International, Inc., Krueger International Inc. (KI) and Teknion Corporation (a Canadian company), as well as global importers. The Corporation faces significant price competition from its competitors and may encounter competition from new market entrants.
Hearth products, consisting of prefabricated fireplaces and related products, are manufactured by a number of national and regional competitors. The Corporation competes against a broad range of manufacturers, including Travis Industries Inc., Innovative Hearth Products, Wolf Steel Ltd. (Napoleon) and FPI Fireplace Products International Ltd. (Regency).
Both office furniture and hearth products compete on the basis of performance, quality, price, customer service and complete and on-time delivery. The Corporation believes it competes principally by providing compelling value products designed to be among the best in their price range for product quality, performance, superior customer service and short lead-times. This is made possible, in part, by the Corporation's on-going investment in brands, product development, low cost manufacturing operations and extensive distribution network.
For further discussion of the Corporation's competitive situation, refer to “Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” later in this report.
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Effects of Inflation
Certain business costs may, from time to time, increase at a rate exceeding the general rate of inflation. The Corporation’s objective is to offset the effect of normal inflation primarily through productivity improvements combined with certain adjustments to the selling price of its products as competitive market and general economic conditions permit.
Investments are routinely made in modernizing plants, equipment, information technology and RCI programs. These investments collectively focus on business simplification and increasing productivity which help to offset the effect of rising material and labor costs. The Corporation also routinely employs ongoing cost control disciplines. In addition, the last-in, first-out ("LIFO") valuation method is used for most of the Corporation's inventories. The use of LIFO ensures changing material and labor costs are recognized in reported income and pricing decisions.
Environmental
The Corporation is subject to a variety of environmental laws and regulations governing the use of materials and substances in products, the management of wastes resulting from use of certain material and the remediation of contamination associated with releases of hazardous substances used in the past. Although the Corporation believes it is in material compliance with all of the various regulations applicable to its business, there can be no assurance requirements will not change in the future or the Corporation will not incur material costs to comply with such regulations. The Corporation has trained staff responsible for monitoring compliance with environmental, health and safety requirements. The Corporation’s staff works with responsible personnel at each manufacturing facility, the Corporation’s environmental legal counsel and consultants on the management of environmental, health and safety issues. The Corporation’s environmental objective is to reduce and, when practical, eliminate the human and ecosystem impacts of materials and manufacturing processes.
The Corporation’s environmental management system has earned the recognition of numerous state and federal agencies as well as non-government organizations. Aligning continuous improvement initiatives with the Corporation’s environmental objectives creates a model of the triple bottom line of sustainable development where members work toward shared goals of personal growth, economic reward and a healthy environment for the future.
Over the past several years, the Corporation has expanded its environmental management system and established metrics to influence product design and development, supplier and supply chain performance, energy and resource consumption and the impacts of its facilities. In addition, the Corporation is providing sustainability training to senior decision makers and has assigned resources to documenting and communicating its progress to an increasingly knowledgeable market. Integrating sustainable objectives into core business systems is consistent with the Corporation’s vision and ensures its commitment to being a sustainable enterprise remains a priority for all members.
Compliance with federal, state and local environmental regulations has not had a material effect on the capital expenditures, earnings or competitive position of the Corporation to date. The Corporation does not anticipate financially material capital expenditures will be required during fiscal 2017 for environmental control facilities. In management’s judgment, compliance with current regulations should not have a material effect on the Corporation’s financial condition or results of operations. However, there can be no assurance new environmental legislation, material science or technology in this area will not result in or require material capital expenditures.
Business Development
The development of the Corporation's business during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016, January 2, 2016 and January 3, 2015 is discussed in “Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations."
Available Information
Information regarding the Corporation’s annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments to these reports, will be made available, free of charge, on the Corporation’s website at www.hnicorp.com, as soon as reasonably practicable after the Corporation electronically files such reports with or furnishes them to the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). The Corporation’s information is also available from the SEC’s Public Reference room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549, or on the SEC website at www.sec.gov.
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Forward-Looking Statements
Statements in this report to the extent they are not statements of historical or present fact, including statements as to plans, outlook, objectives and future financial performance, are “forward-looking” statements, within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 as amended and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as amended and are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Words, such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “confident,” “estimate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “hope,” “intend,” “likely,” “may,” “plan,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “will,” “would” and variations of such words and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements.
Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties, which may cause the Corporation’s actual results in the future to differ materially from expected results. The most significant factors known to the Corporation that may adversely affect the Corporation’s business, operations, industries, financial position or future financial performance are described later in this report under the heading “Item 1A. Risk Factors.” The Corporation cautions readers not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statement, which speaks only as of the date made, and to recognize forward-looking statements are predictions of future results, which may not occur as anticipated. Actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements and from historical results due to the risks and uncertainties described elsewhere in this report, including under the heading “Item 1A. Risk Factors,” as well as others that the Corporation may consider immaterial or does not anticipate at this time. The risks and uncertainties described in this report, including those under the heading “Item 1A. Risk Factors,” are not exclusive and further information concerning the Corporation, including factors that potentially could materially affect the Corporation’s financial results or condition, may emerge from time to time.
The Corporation assumes no obligation to update, amend or clarify forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by applicable law. The Corporation advises you, however, to consult any further disclosures made on related subjects in future quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K filed with or furnished to the SEC.
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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
The following risk factors and other information included in this report should be carefully considered. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, operating results, cash flows or financial condition could be materially adversely affected.
The existence of various unfavorable macroeconomic and industry factors, or deterioration of economic conditions, for a prolonged period could adversely affect our business operating results or financial condition.
Office furniture industry sales are impacted by a variety of macroeconomic factors including service-sector employment levels, corporate profits, small business confidence, commercial construction and office vacancy rates. Industry factors, including corporate restructuring, technology changes, corporate relocations, health and safety concerns, including ergonomic considerations, and the globalization of companies also influence office furniture industry revenues.
Hearth products industry sales are impacted by a variety of macroeconomic factors including housing starts, overall employment levels, interest rates, consumer confidence, energy costs, disposable income and changing demographics. Industry factors, such as technology changes, health and safety concerns and environmental regulation, including indoor air quality standards, also influence hearth products industry revenues. Deterioration of economic conditions or a slowdown in the recovery in the homebuilding industry and the hearth products market could decrease demand for our hearth products and have additional adverse effects on our operating results. Additionally, the decline in oil and other fuel prices has negatively impacted demand for pellet stoves and we expect demand to remain soft in the pellet business while oil and other fuel prices remain low.
Economic growth has slowed, and may continue to slow, in several key international markets, including China and India, which could have adverse effects on our international office furniture sales and our operating results.
Deteriorating economic conditions could affect our business significantly, including: reduced demand for products; insolvency of our dealers resulting in increased provisions for credit losses; insolvency of our key suppliers resulting in product delays; inability of customers to obtain credit to finance purchases of our products; and decreased customer demand, including order delays or cancellations.
We may need to take additional impairment charges related to goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, which would adversely affect our results of operations.
Goodwill and other acquired intangible assets with indefinite lives are not amortized but are tested for impairment annually, and when an event occurs or circumstances change making it reasonably possible an impairment may exist. We test for impairment annually during the fourth quarter of the year and whenever indicators of impairment exist. We test goodwill for impairment by first comparing the carrying value of net assets to the fair value of the reporting unit. If the fair value is determined to be less than carrying value, a second step is performed to determine the implied fair value of goodwill associated with the reporting unit. If the carrying value of goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of goodwill, the excess represents the amount of goodwill impairment, and accordingly, an impairment is recognized.
We estimate the fair values of the reporting units using discounted cash flows. Forecasts of future cash flows are based on our best estimate of longer term, broad market trends. We combine this trend data with estimates of current economic conditions in the U.S. and other countries where we have a presence, competitor behavior, the mix of product sales, commodity costs, wage rates, the level of manufacturing capacity and the pricing environment. In addition, estimates of fair value are impacted by estimates of the market-participant-derived weighted average cost of capital. Changes in these forecasts could significantly change the amount of impairment recorded, if any. As a result of impairment testing, we recorded goodwill and other long-lived asset impairments of $6 million during 2016.
The office furniture and hearth products industries are highly competitive and, as a result, we may not always be successful.
Both the office furniture and hearth products industries are highly competitive, with a significant number of competitors in both industries offering similar products. While competitive factors vary geographically and between differing sales situations, typical factors for both industries include: price; delivery and service; product design and features; product quality; strength of dealers and other distributors; and relationships with customers and key influencers, including architects, designers, home-builders and facility managers. Our principal competitors in the office furniture industry include The Global Group, Haworth, Inc., Kimball International, Inc., Steelcase Inc., Herman Miller, Inc., Teknion Corporation and Knoll, Inc. Our principal competitors in the hearth products industry include Travis Industries Inc., Innovative Hearth Products, Wolf Steel Ltd. (Napoleon) and FPI Fireplace Products International Ltd. (Regency). In both industries, most of our top competitors have an installed base of products that can
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be a source of significant future sales through repeat and expansion orders. These competitors manufacture products with strong acceptance in the marketplace and are capable of developing products that have a competitive advantage over our products.
Our continued success will depend on many factors, including our ability to continue to manufacture and market high quality, high performance products at competitive prices and our ability to adapt our business model to effectively compete in the highly competitive environments of both the office furniture and hearth products industries. Our success is also subject to our ability to sustain and grow our positive brand reputation and recognition among existing and potential customers and use our brands and trademarks effectively in entering new markets.
In both the office furniture and hearth products industries, we also face price competition from our competitors and from new market entrants who primarily manufacture and source products from lower cost countries. Price competition impacts our ability to implement price increases or, in some cases, even maintain prices, which could lower our profit margins. In addition, we may not be able to maintain or raise the prices of our products in response to rising raw material prices and other inflationary pressures.
The concentration of our customer base, changes in demand and order patterns from our customers, as well as the increased purchasing power of these customers, could adversely affect our business, operating results or financial condition.
We sell our products through multiple distribution channels. These distribution channels have been consolidating and may continue to consolidate in the future. Consolidation may result in a greater proportion of our sales being concentrated in fewer customers. The increased purchasing power exercised by larger customers may adversely affect the prices at which we can successfully offer our products. As a result of this consolidation, changes in the purchase patterns or the loss of a single customer may have a greater impact on our business, operating results or financial condition than the events would have had prior to the consolidation. In fiscal 2016, the Corporation's five largest customers represented approximately 25 percent of its consolidated sales. No single customer accounted for 10 percent or more of the Corporation's consolidated net sales in fiscal 2016.
The growth in sales of private-label products by some of our largest office furniture customers may reduce our revenue and adversely affect our business, operating results or financial condition.
Private-label products are products sold under the name of the distributor or retailer, but manufactured by another party. Some of our largest customers have aggressive private-label initiatives to increase their sales of office furniture. If successful, they may reduce our revenue and inhibit our ability to raise prices and may, in some cases, force us to lower prices, which could result in an adverse effect on our business, operating results or financial condition.
Increases in basic commodity, raw material, component and transportation costs, as well as disruptions to the supply of basic commodities, raw materials and components or transportation and shipping challenges, could adversely affect our profitability.
Fluctuations in the price, availability and quality of the commodities, raw materials and components used in manufacturing could have an adverse effect on our costs of sales, profitability and our ability to meet customers' demand. We source commodities, raw materials and components from domestic and international suppliers for both our office furniture and hearth products. From both domestic and international suppliers, the cost, quality and availability of commodities, raw materials and components, including steel, have been significantly affected in recent years by, among other things, changes in global supply and demand, changes in laws and regulations (including tariffs and duties), changes in exchange rates and worldwide price levels, natural disasters, labor disputes, terrorism and political unrest or instability. These factors could lead to further price increases or supply interruptions in the future. Our profit margins could be adversely affected if commodity, raw material and component costs remain high or escalate further, and we are either unable to offset such costs through strategic sourcing initiatives and continuous improvement programs or, as a result of competitive market dynamics, unable to pass along a portion of the higher costs to our customers.
We rely primarily on third-party freight and transportation providers to deliver our products to customers. Increasing demand for freight providers and a shortage of qualified drivers may cause delays in our shipments and increase the cost to ship our products, which may adversely affect our profitability. Additionally, we import and export products and components, primarily using container ships, which load and unload through North American ports. Port-caused delays in the shipment or receipt of products and components, including labor disputes, could cause delayed receipt of our products and components. These delays could cause manufacturing disruptions, increased expense resulting from alternate shipping methods or the inability to meet customer delivery expectations, which may adversely affect our sales and profitability.
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Our efforts to introduce new products to meet customer and workplace requirements may not be successful, which could limit our sales growth or cause our sales to decline.
To meet the changing needs of our customers and keep pace with market trends in both the office furniture and hearth products industries, we regularly introduce new products. Trends include changes in workplace and home design and increases in the use of technology and evolving regulatory and industry requirements, including environmental, health, safety and similar standards for the workplace and home and for product performance. The introduction of new products in both industries requires the coordination of the design, manufacturing and marketing of the products, which may be affected by factors beyond our control. The design and engineering of certain new products can take up to a year or more, and further time may be required to achieve client acceptance. In addition, we may face difficulties introducing new products if we cannot successfully align ourselves with independent architects, home-builders and designers who are able to design, in a timely manner, high quality products consistent with our image and our customers' needs. Accordingly, the launch of any particular product may be later or less successful than we originally anticipated. Difficulties or delays introducing new products or lack of customer acceptance of new products could limit our sales growth or cause our sales to decline and may result in an adverse effect on our business, operating results or financial condition.
We have grown, and may continue to grow, our business through acquisitions and alliances, which could adversely affect our business, operating results or financial condition.
One of our growth strategies is to supplement our organic growth through acquisitions of, and or strategic alliances with, businesses with technologies or products complimenting or augmenting our existing products or distribution or adding new products or distribution to our business. In the past few years, we acquired OFM, a small office furniture company, and Vermont Castings Group, a hearth stoves and fireplace company. The benefits of these acquisitions, or future acquisitions or alliances may take more time than expected to develop or integrate into our operations, and we cannot guarantee any completed or future acquisitions or alliances will in fact produce any benefits. In addition, acquisitions and alliances involve a number of risks, including, without limitation:

• | diversion of management’s attention, including significant management time devoted to integrating acquisitions;

• | difficulties in assimilating the operations and products of an acquired business or in realizing projected efficiencies, cost savings and revenue synergies;

• | potential loss of key employees or customers of the acquired businesses or adverse effects on existing business relationships with suppliers and customers;

• | adverse impact on overall profitability if acquired businesses do not achieve the financial results projected in our valuation models;

• | reallocation of amounts of capital from other operating initiatives or an increase in our leverage and debt service requirements to pay the acquisition purchase prices, which could in turn restrict our ability to access additional capital when needed or to pursue other important elements of our business strategy;

• | inaccurate assessment of undisclosed, contingent or other liabilities or problems and unanticipated costs associated with the acquisition; and

• | incorrect estimates made in accounting for acquisitions, incurrence of non-recurring charges and write-off of significant amounts of goodwill that could adversely affect our financial results.

Our ability to grow through future acquisitions will depend, in part, on the availability of suitable acquisition candidates at an acceptable price, our ability to compete effectively for these acquisition candidates and the availability of capital to complete the acquisitions. These risks could be heightened if we complete several acquisitions within a relatively short period of time. In addition, there can be no assurance we will be able to continue to identify attractive opportunities or enter into any transactions with acceptable terms in the future. If an acquisition is completed, there can be no assurance we will be able to successfully integrate the acquired entity into our operations or achieve sales and profitability justifying our investment in the businesses. Any potential acquisition may not be successful and could adversely affect our business, operating results or financial condition.
Our continuing activities to reduce structural costs may result in customer disruption and may distract management from other activities.
As part of our commitment to taking structural cost out of our business, we regularly close, reconfigure or transform manufacturing and distribution facilities. Over the past several years, we have closed a number of facilities in the United States and internationally. We have implemented, and will continue to implement, restructuring actions to transform our business and reduce our manufacturing footprint. These actions may take longer than anticipated, prove costlier than expected and may distract management from other activities. If we do not fully realize the expected benefits of our restructuring activities, our financial condition and ability to meet customer needs could be negatively affected.
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We are subject to extensive environmental regulation and have exposure to potential environmental liabilities.
The past and present operation and ownership by us of manufacturing facilities and real property are subject to extensive and changing federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations, including those relating to discharges in air, water and land, the handling and disposal of solid and hazardous waste and the remediation of contamination associated with releases of hazardous substances. Compliance with environmental regulations has not had a material effect on our capital expenditures, earnings or competitive position to date; however, compliance with current laws or more stringent laws or regulations which may be imposed on us in the future, stricter interpretation of existing laws or discoveries of contamination at our real property sites which occurred prior to our ownership or the advent of environmental regulation may require us to incur additional expenditures in the future, some of which may be material.
Increasing healthcare costs could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.
We provide healthcare benefits to the majority of our members and are self-insured. Healthcare costs have continued to rise over time, which increases our annual spending on healthcare and could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.
Our inability to improve the quality/capability of our network of independent dealers or the loss of a significant number of dealers could adversely affect our business, operating results or financial condition.
In both the office furniture and hearth products industries, we rely in large part on a network of independent dealers to market our products to customers. We also rely upon these dealers to provide a variety of important specification, installation and after-market services to our customers. Some of our dealers may terminate their relationships with us at any time and for any reason. The loss or termination of a significant number of dealer relationships could cause difficulties for us in marketing and distributing our products, resulting in a decline in our sales, which may adversely affect our business, operating results or financial condition.
Our international operations expose us to risks related to conducting business in multiple jurisdictions outside the United States.
We manufacture, market, and sell our products in international markets, including in China and India. We plan to continue to grow internationally. We primarily sell our products and report our financial results in U.S. dollars; however, our increased business in countries outside the United States exposes us to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. Paying our expenses in other currencies can result in a significant increase or decrease in the amount of those expenses in terms of U.S. dollars, which may affect our profits. In the future, any foreign currency appreciation relative to the U.S. dollar would increase our expenses that are denominated in that currency. Additionally, as we report currency in the U.S. dollar, our financial position is affected by the strength of the currencies in countries where we have operations relative to the strength of the U.S. dollar.
Further, certain countries have complex regulatory systems which impose administrative and legal requirements which make managing international operations more difficult, including approvals to transfer funds into certain countries. If we are unable to provide financial support to our international operations in a timely manner, our business, operating results and financial condition could be adversely affected.
We periodically review our foreign currency exposure and evaluate whether we should enter into hedging transactions.
Our international sales and operations are subject to a number of additional risks, including, without limitation:

• | social and political turmoil, official corruption and civil and labor unrest;

• | restrictive government actions, including the imposition of trade quotas and tariffs and restrictions on transfers of funds;

• | changes in labor laws and regulations affecting our ability to hire, retain or dismiss employees;

• | the need to comply with multiple and potentially conflicting laws and regulations, including environmental and corporate laws and regulations;

• | the failure of our compliance programs and internal training to prevent violations of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and similar anti-bribery laws;

• | preference for locally branded products and laws and business practices favoring local competition;

• | less effective protection of intellectual property and increased possibility of loss due to cyber-theft;

• | unfavorable business conditions or economic instability in any particular country or region;

• | infrastructure disruptions;

• | potentially conflicting cultural and business practices;

• | difficulty in obtaining distribution and support; and

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• | Ability to repatriate cash held overseas without paying substantial federal income tax.

• | Changes to border taxes or other international tax reforms

Restrictions imposed by the terms of our credit facility may limit our operating and financial flexibility.
Our credit facility and other financing arrangements may limit our ability to finance operations, service debt or engage in other business activities that may be in our interests. Specifically, our credit facility restricts our ability to incur additional indebtedness, create or incur certain liens with respect to any of our properties or assets, engage in lines of business substantially different than those currently conducted by us, sell, lease, license or dispose of any of our assets, enter into certain transactions with affiliates, make certain restricted payments or take certain restricted actions and enter into certain sale-leaseback arrangements. Our credit facility also requires us to maintain certain financial covenants.
Our failure to comply with the obligations under our credit facility may result in an event of default, which, if not cured or waived, may cause accelerated repayment of the indebtedness under the credit facility. We cannot be certain we will have sufficient funds available to pay any accelerated repayments or we will have the ability to refinance accelerated repayments on terms favorable to us or at all.
Costs related to product defects, including product liability costs, could adversely affect our profitability.
We incur various expenses related to product defects, including product warranty costs, product recall and retrofit costs and product liability costs. These expenses relative to product sales vary and could increase. We use chemicals and materials in our products and include components in our products from external suppliers, which we believe are safe and appropriate for their designated use; however, harmful effects may become known which could subject us to litigation, including health-related litigation, and significant losses. We maintain reserves for product defect-related costs based on estimates and our knowledge of circumstances indicating the need for such reserves. We cannot, however, be certain these reserves will be adequate to cover actual product defect-related claims in the future. We also purchase insurance coverage to reduce our exposure to significant levels of product liability claims and maintain a reserve for our self-insured losses based upon estimates of the aggregate liability using claims experience and actuarial assumptions, but we cannot be certain insurance would cover all losses related to product claims. Incorrect estimates or any significant increase in the rate of our product defect expenses could have a material adverse effect on operations.
We may require additional capital in the future, which may not be available or may be available only on unfavorable terms.
Our capital requirements depend on many factors, including our need for capital improvements, tooling, new product development and acquisitions. To the extent our existing capital is insufficient to meet these requirements and cover any losses, we may need to raise additional funds through financings or curtail our growth and reduce our assets. Our ability to generate cash depends on economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory and other factors that may be beyond our control. Future borrowings or financings may not be available to us under our credit facility or otherwise in an amount sufficient to enable us to pay our debt or meet our liquidity needs.
Any equity or debt financing, if available at all, could have terms unfavorable to us. In addition, financings could result in dilution to our shareholders or the securities may have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of our common stock. If our need for capital arises because of significant losses, the occurrence of these losses may make it more difficult for us to raise the necessary capital.
Our sales to the U.S. government have declined in recent years and our sales to the U.S. state and local governments are subject to uncertain future funding levels and federal, state and local procurement laws and are governed by restrictive contract terms; any of these factors could limit current or future business.
We derive a portion of our revenue from sales to various U.S. federal, state and local government agencies and departments. Our ability to compete successfully for and retain business with the U.S. government, as well as with state and local governments, is highly dependent on cost-effective performance. Our government business is highly sensitive to changes in procurement laws; national, international, state and local public priorities; and budgets at all levels of government, which have recently experienced downward pressure and, in the case of the federal budget, are subject to uncertainty. Sales to federal government entities decreased by less than 1 percent in 2016 after decreasing 8 percent in the prior year and may decline going forward, which could adversely impact our operating results.
Our contracts with government entities are subject to various statutes and regulations that apply to companies doing business with the government. The U.S. government, as well as state and local governments, can typically terminate or modify their contracts with us either for their convenience or if we default by failing to perform under the terms of the applicable contract. A termination
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arising out of our default could expose us to liability and impede our ability to compete in the future for contracts and orders with agencies and departments at all levels of government. Moreover, we are subject to investigation and audit for compliance with the requirements governing government contracts, including requirements related to procurement integrity, export controls, employment practices, the accuracy of records and reporting of costs. If we were found to not be a responsible supplier or to have committed fraud or certain criminal offenses, we could be suspended or debarred from all further federal, state or local government contracting.
Changes in governmental regulation and enforcement priorities may significantly increase our operating costs.
Laws and regulations are subject to change and differing interpretations, including in the areas of antitrust and competition, foreign corrupt practices, government contracting, securities and public company reporting, labor and employment practices, data protection, fraud and abuse and tax reporting. Changes in the political climate or in existing laws or regulations, or their interpretations, or the enactment of new laws or the issuance of new regulations or changes in enforcement priorities or activity could adversely affect us by, among other things:

• | increasing our administrative, compliance, and other costs;

• | increasing our tax obligations, including unfavorable outcomes from audits performed by various tax authorities;

• | affecting cash management practices and repatriation efforts;

• | forcing us to alter or restructure our relationships with dealers and customers; and

• | requiring us to implement additional or different programs and systems

Compliance with regulations is costly and time-consuming, and we may encounter difficulties, delays or significant expenses in connection with such compliance. Should we become the target of a regulatory investigation or enforcement action, we could incur significant costs and suffer damage to our reputation which could adversely impact our business, operating results or financial condition.
Our implementation and use of a new business software system, and accompanying transformation of our business processes, could result in problems that could negatively impact our business and results of operations.
We are engaged in a multi-year, broad-based program, which we refer to as business systems transformation ("BST"), to implement new integrated software systems to support and streamline our business processes. In 2016 we implemented BST across several of our smaller operating companies. We expect full implementation across domestic furniture operations during 2017. We anticipate implementation of BST will require transformation of business and financial processes to realize the full benefits of the project. Significant efforts are required to design, test and implement BST, requiring investment of resources, including additional selling, general and administrative and capital expenditures. There can be no assurance other issues relating to BST implementation will not occur, including compatibility issues, integration challenges and delays, and higher than expected implementation costs. Additionally, when implemented, BST could function improperly or not deliver the projected benefits, which could significantly disrupt our business, including our ability to provide quotes, process orders, ship products, invoice customers, process payments, generate management and financial reports and otherwise run our business. Our business and results of operations may be adversely affected if we experience problems related to BST.
We rely on information technology systems to manage numerous aspects of our business, and a disruption or failure of these systems could adversely affect our business.
We rely upon information technology networks and systems to process, transmit and store electronic information as well as to manage numerous aspects of our business and provide information to management. Additionally, we collect and store sensitive data of our customers, suppliers and employees in data centers and on information technology networks. The secure operation of these information technology networks and the processing and maintenance of this information is critical to our business operations and strategy. These networks and systems, despite security and precautionary measures, are vulnerable to natural events and malicious activity. Though we attempt to detect and prevent these incidents, we may not be successful. Any disruption of our information technology networks or systems, or access to or disclosure of information stored in or transmitted by our systems, could result in legal claims and damages, loss of intellectual property or other proprietary information, including customer data, disrupt operations, result in competitive disadvantage and damage our reputation, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations. We are also required to comply with certain information technology standards, including standards imposed by credit card providers regarding the storage, processing and transmission of card holder data. Any failure of our systems to meet these standards could result in our inability to accept certain forms of customer payments or risk of card holder data being breached as described above.
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Our results of operations and earnings may not meet guidance or expectations.
We provide public guidance on our expected results of operations for future periods. This guidance is comprised of forward-looking statements subject to risks and uncertainties, including the risks and uncertainties described in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and in our other public filings and public statements, and is based necessarily on assumptions we make at the time we provide such guidance. Our guidance may not always be accurate. If, in the future, our results of operations for a particular period do not meet our guidance or the expectations of investment analysts or if we reduce our guidance for future periods, the market price of our common stock could decline significantly.
Iowa law and provisions in our charter documents may have the effect of preventing or hindering a change in control and adversely affecting the market price of our common stock.
Our Articles of Incorporation give our Board of Directors the authority to issue up to two million shares of preferred stock and to determine the rights and preferences of the preferred stock without obtaining shareholder approval. The existence of this preferred stock could make it more difficult or discourage an attempt to obtain control of the Corporation by means of a tender offer, merger, proxy contest or otherwise. Furthermore, this preferred stock could be issued with other rights, including economic rights, senior to our common stock, thereby having a potentially adverse effect on the market price of our common stock.
Our Board of Directors is divided into three classes. Our classified Board, along with other provisions of our Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws and Iowa corporate law, could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us or remove our directors by means of a proxy contest, even if doing so would be beneficial to our shareholders. For example, Section 490.1110 of the Iowa Business Corporation Act prohibits publicly held Iowa corporations to which it applies from engaging in a business combination with an interested shareholder for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which the person became an interested shareholder unless the business combination is approved in a prescribed manner. Further, Section 490.1108A of the Iowa Business Corporation Act permits a board of directors, in the context of a takeover proposal, to consider not only the effect of a proposed transaction on shareholders, but also on a corporation’s employees, suppliers, customers, creditors and on the communities in which the corporation operates. These provisions could discourage others from bidding for our shares and could, as a result, reduce the likelihood of an increase in our stock price that would otherwise occur if a bidder sought to buy our stock.
We may, in the future, adopt other measures (such as a shareholder rights plan or “poison pill”) that could have the effect of delaying, deferring, or preventing an unsolicited takeover, even if such a change in control were at a premium price or favored by a majority of unaffiliated shareholders. These measures may be adopted without any further vote or action by our shareholders.
An inability to protect our intellectual property could have a significant impact on our business.
We attempt to protect our intellectual property rights, both in the United States and in foreign countries, through a combination of patent, trademark, copyright and trade secret laws, as well as licensing agreements and third-party nondisclosure and assignment agreements. Because of the differences in foreign trademark, copyright, patent and other laws concerning proprietary rights, our intellectual property rights do not generally receive the same degree of protection in foreign countries as they do in the United States. In some parts of the world, we have limited protections, if any, for our intellectual property. The degree of protection offered by the claims of the various patents, copyrights, trademarks and service marks may not be broad enough to provide significant proprietary protection or competitive advantages to us, and patents, copyrights, trademarks or service marks may not be issued on our pending or contemplated applications. In addition, not all of our products are covered by patents or similar intellectual property protections. It is also possible that our patents, copyrights, trademarks and service marks may be challenged, invalidated, canceled, narrowed or circumvented.
In the past, certain of our products have been copied and sold by others. We try to enforce our intellectual property rights, but we have to make choices about where and how we pursue enforcement and where we seek and maintain intellectual property protection. In many cases, the cost of enforcing our rights is substantial, and we may determine that the costs of enforcement outweigh the potential benefits.
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If third parties claim that we infringe upon their intellectual property rights, we may incur liabilities and costs and may have to redesign or discontinue an infringing product.
We face the risk of claims that we have infringed upon third parties’ intellectual property rights. Companies operating in our industry routinely seek patent protection for their product designs, and many of our principal competitors have large patent portfolios. Prior to launching major new products in our key markets, we normally evaluate existing intellectual property rights. However, our competitors and suppliers may have filed for patent protection which is not, at the time of our evaluation, a matter of public knowledge. Our efforts to identify and avoid infringing upon third parties’ intellectual property rights may not always be successful. Any claims of patent or other intellectual property infringement, even those without merit, could be expensive and time consuming to defend; cause us to cease making, licensing or using products that incorporate the challenged intellectual property; require us to redesign, re-engineer, or re-brand our products or packaging, if feasible; or require us to enter into royalty or licensing agreements in order to obtain the right to use a third party’s intellectual property.
Natural disasters, acts of God, force majeure events or other catastrophic events may impact the Corporation's production capacity and, in turn, negatively impact profitability.
Natural disasters, acts of God, force majeure events or other catastrophic events, including severe weather, military action, terrorist attacks, power interruptions and fires, could disrupt operations and likewise the ability to produce or deliver our products. Several of our production facilities, members and key management are located within a small geographic area in eastern Iowa and a natural disaster or catastrophe in the area could have a significant adverse effect on our results of operations and business conditions. Further, several of our production facilities are single-site manufacturers of certain products, and an adverse event affecting any of those facilities could significantly delay production of certain products and adversely affect our operations and business conditions. Members are an integral part of our business and events including an epidemic could reduce the availability of members reporting for work. In the event we experience a temporary or permanent interruption in our ability to produce or deliver product, revenues could be reduced, and business could be materially adversely affected. In addition, any continuing disruption in our computer system could adversely affect our ability to receive and process customers' orders, manufacture products and ship products on a timely basis and could adversely affect relations with customers, potentially resulting in reduction in orders from customers or loss of customers. We maintain insurance to help protect us from costs relating to some of these events, but it may not be sufficient or paid in a timely manner in the event we suffer such an event.
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
The Corporation maintains its corporate headquarters in Muscatine, Iowa, and conducts operations at locations throughout the United States, Canada, China, Hong Kong, India and Taiwan, which house manufacturing, distribution and retail operations and offices totaling an aggregate of approximately 10.2 million square feet. Of this total, approximately 2.0 million square feet are leased.
Although the plants are of varying ages, the Corporation believes they are well maintained, equipped with modern and efficient equipment, in good operating condition and suitable for the purposes for which they are being used. The Corporation has sufficient capacity to increase output at most locations by increasing the use of overtime or the number of production shifts employed.
The Corporation's principal manufacturing and distribution facilities (200,000 square feet in size or larger) are as follows:

Location | Approximate Square Feet | Owned or Leased | Description of Use
Cedartown, Georgia | 550,000 | Owned | Manufacturing office furniture (1)
Dongguan, China | 1,007,716 | Owned | Manufacturing office furniture (1)
Hickory, North Carolina | 206,316 | Owned | Manufacturing office furniture
Lake City, Minnesota | 241,500 | Owned | Manufacturing fireplaces
Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania | 400,000 | Leased | Warehousing office furniture
Mt. Pleasant, Iowa | 288,006 | Owned | Manufacturing fireplaces (1)
Muscatine, Iowa | 272,900 | Owned | Manufacturing office furniture
Muscatine, Iowa | 578,284 | Owned | Manufacturing office furniture (1)
Muscatine, Iowa | 236,100 | Owned | Manufacturing office furniture
Muscatine, Iowa | 636,250 | Owned | Manufacturing office furniture (1)
Muscatine, Iowa | 237,800 | Owned | Manufacturing office furniture
Nagpur, India | 355,135 | Owned | Manufacturing office furniture
Orleans, Indiana | 1,196,946 | Owned | Manufacturing office furniture (1)
Wayland, New York | 716,484 | Owned | Manufacturing office furniture (1)

(1) | Also includes a regional warehouse/distribution center

Other Corporation facilities, under 200,000 square feet in size, are located in various communities throughout the United States, China, Hong Kong, India, Mexico, Dubai and Taiwan. These facilities total approximately 2.9 million square feet with approximately 1.7 million square feet used for the selling, manufacture and distribution of office furniture, approximately 1.0 million square feet for hearth products and approximately 0.2 million square feet used for corporate administration. Of this total, approximately 1.6 million square feet are leased. The Corporation also leases sales showroom space in office furniture market centers in several major metropolitan areas.
There are no major encumbrances on Corporation-owned properties. Refer to Property, Plant, and Equipment in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for related cost, accumulated depreciation and net book value data.
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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Withdrawal Liability From Multi-Employer Pension
On February 2, 2017, the Corporation was notified of a withdrawal liability from a multi-employer pension fund associated with a business sold by the Corporation as a going concern in 2013. The business subsequently ceased operations, triggering the liability for which it was responsible. The trustee of the pension fund has asserted a claim against the Corporation as a prior indirect owner of the business. The Corporation has not recorded any liability associated with this claim because it believes the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome is neither probable nor remote. The Corporation believes it has strong legal and factual defenses, and intends to vigorously defend itself against this claim.
Other Litigation
The Corporation is involved in various disputes and legal proceedings that have arisen in the ordinary course of its business, including pending litigation, environmental remediation, taxes and other claims. It is the Corporation’s opinion, after consultation with legal counsel, that liabilities, if any, resulting from these matters are not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s financial condition, cash flows or on the Corporation’s quarterly or annual operating results when resolved in a future period.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
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TABLE I
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT

Name | Age | Family Relationship | Position | Position Held Since | Other Business Experience During Past Five Years
Julie M. Abramowski | 41 | None | Vice President, Corporate Controller | 2015 | Director, Financial Reporting (2014-2015); Director, Financial Planning and Analysis, Leveraged Furniture Operations (2013-2014); Corporate Controller, The HON Company (2007-2013)
Stan A. Askren | 56 | None | Chairman of the Board Chief Executive Officer President Director | 2004 2004 2003 2003 |
Vincent P. Berger | 44 | None | President, Hearth & Home Technologies Group | 2016 | Senior Vice President, Sales and Operations, Hearth & Home Technologies Group (2014-2016); Senior Vice President, Operations, Hearth & Home Technologies Group (2011-2014)
Steven M. Bradford | 59 | None | Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary | 2015 | Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary (2008-2015)
Marshall H. Bridges | 47 | None | Vice President and Chief Financial Officer | 2017 | Vice President, Finance, HNI Contract Furniture Group (2014-2017); Vice President, Finance, Allsteel (2010-2014)
Jerald K. Dittmer | 59 | None | Executive Vice President, HNI Corporation; President, The HON Company LLC | 2008 2008 |
Jeffrey D. Lorenger | 51 | None | Executive Vice President; HNI Corporation; President, HNI Contract Furniture Group | 2010 2014 | President, Allsteel, Inc. (2008-2014)
Donald T. Mead* | 57 | None | Executive Vice President; HNI Corporation President, The Gunlocke Company L.L.C. | 2011 2008 |
Donna D. Meade | 51 | None | Vice President, Member Relations | 2014 | Vice President, Member and Community Relations, Allsteel Inc. (2009-14)
Kurt A. Tjaden | 53 | None | President, HNI International; Senior Vice President, HNI Corporation | 2017 2015 | Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (2015-2017) Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (2008-2015)

* Mr. Mead will be retiring effective February 28, 2017.
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PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS, AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
The Corporation’s common stock is listed for trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) under the trading symbol HNI. As of year-end 2016, the Corporation had 7,055 stockholders of record.
Wells Fargo Shareowner Services, St. Paul, Minnesota, serves as the Corporation’s transfer agent and registrar of its common stock. Shareholders may report a change of address or make inquiries by writing or calling: Wells Fargo Shareowner Services, P.O. Box 64874, St. Paul, MN 55164-0854 or telephone 800-468-9716.
Information regarding historical sale prices of and dividends paid on the Corporation's common stock is presented in the Investor Information section which follows the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements filed as part of this report and is incorporated herein by reference.
The Corporation expects to continue its policy of paying regular quarterly cash dividends. Dividends have been paid each quarter since the Corporation paid its first dividend in 1955. The average dividend payout percentage for the most recent three-year period has been 60% of prior year earnings. Future dividends are dependent on future earnings, capital requirements and the Corporation’s financial condition, and are declared in the sole discretion of the Corporation’s Board of Directors.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities:
The following is a summary of share repurchase activity during the quarter ended December 31, 2016.

Period |  | (a) Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased (1) |  | (b) Average Price Paid per Share or Unit |  | (c) Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |  | (d) Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares (or Units) that May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
10/02/16 - 10/29/16 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | $162,315,178
10/30/16 - 11/26/16 |  | 96,650 |  |  |  | $49.99 |  |  | 96,650 |  |  | $157,483,908
11/27/16 - 12/31/16 |  | 377,788 |  |  |  | $54.50 |  |  | 377,788 |  |  | $136,895,702
Total |  | 474,438 |  |  |  |  | 474,438 |  |  |

(1) No shares were purchased outside of a publicly announced plan or program.
The Corporation repurchases shares under previously announced plans authorized by the Board as follows:

• | Plan announced November 9, 2007, providing share repurchase authorization of $200,000,000 with no specific expiration date, with increase announced November 7, 2014, providing additional share repurchase authorization of $200,000,000 with no specific expiration date.

• | No repurchase plans expired or were terminated during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2016, nor do any plans exist under which the Corporation does not intend to make further purchases.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA — FIVE-YEAR SUMMARY

| 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |  |  | 2013 |  |  | 2012 |
Operating Results (Thousands of Dollars) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net Sales |  | $2,203,489 |  |  |  | $2,304,419 |  |  |  | $2,222,695 |  |  |  | $2,059,964 |  |  |  | $2,004,003 |
Gross Profit as a Percentage of Net Sales | 37.9 | % |  | 36.8 | % |  | 35.3 | % |  | 34.7 | % |  | 34.4 | %
Net Income Attributable to HNI Corporation |  | $85,577 |  |  |  | $105,436 |  |  |  | $61,471 |  |  |  | $63,683 |  |  |  | $48,967 |
Net Income Attributable to HNI Corporation as a Percentage of Net Sales | 3.9 | % |  | 4.6 | % |  | 2.8 | % |  | 3.1 | % |  | 2.4 | %
Share and Per Share Data (Basic and Dilutive) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net Income Attributable to HNI Corporation – basic |  | $1.93 |  |  |  | $2.38 |  |  |  | $1.37 |  |  |  | $1.41 |  |  |  | $1.08 |
Net Income Attributable to HNI Corporation – diluted |  | $1.88 |  |  |  | $2.32 |  |  |  | $1.35 |  |  |  | $1.39 |  |  |  | $1.07 |
Cash Dividends |  | $1.09 |  |  |  | $1.045 |  |  |  | $0.99 |  |  |  | $0.96 |  |  |  | $0.95 |
Weighted-Average Shares Outstanding During Year – basic (in Thousands) | 44,414 |  |  | 44,285 |  |  | 44,760 |  |  | 45,251 |  |  | 45,211 |
Weighted-Average Shares Outstanding During Year – diluted (in Thousands) | 45,502 |  |  | 45,441 |  |  | 45,579 |  |  | 45,956 |  |  | 45,820 |
Financial Position (Thousands of Dollars) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current Assets |  | $433,041 |  |  |  | $438,370 |  |  |  | $455,559 |  |  |  | $433,228 |  |  |  | $402,375 |
Current Liabilities |  | $463,473 |  |  |  | $435,900 |  |  |  | $457,333 |  |  |  | $411,584 |  |  |  | $389,171 |
Working Capital |  | ($30,432 | ) |  |  | $2,470 |  |  |  | ($1,774 | ) |  |  | $21,644 |  |  |  | $13,204 |
Total Assets |  | $1,330,234 |  |  |  | $1,263,925 |  |  |  | $1,239,334 |  |  |  | $1,134,705 |  |  |  | $1,077,066 |
% Return on Beginning Assets Employed | 10.6 | % |  | 13.2 | % |  | 9.9 | % |  | 9.8 | % |  | 8.3 | %
Long-Term Debt and Capital Lease Obligations |  | $180,000 |  |  |  | $185,000 |  |  |  | $197,736 |  |  |  | $150,197 |  |  |  | $150,372 |
Shareholders’ Equity |  | $500,603 |  |  |  | $476,954 |  |  |  | $414,587 |  |  |  | $436,328 |  |  |  | $420,359 |
Percent Return on Average Shareholders’ Equity | 17.5 | % |  | 23.7 | % |  | 14.4 | % |  | 14.9 | % |  | 11.7 | %

2014 reflects a 53-week year.
Reflects VCG acquisition beginning in Q4 2014, OFM acquisition in Q1 2016 and Artcobell divestiture December 31, 2016.
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion of the Corporation’s historical results of operations and of its liquidity and capital resources should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation and related notes. Statements that are not historical are forward-looking and involve risks and uncertainties, including those discussed under "Item 1A. Risk Factors" and elsewhere in this report.
Overview
The Corporation has two reportable segments: office furniture and hearth products. The Corporation is a leading global office furniture manufacturer and the leading manufacturer and marketer of hearth products. The Corporation utilizes a split and focused, decentralized business model to deliver value to customers via various brands and selling models. The Corporation is focused on growing its existing businesses while seeking out and developing new opportunities for growth.
The Corporation delivered another strong year in 2016, generating significant cash flow and increasing dividends. Our businesses performed well as we strategically repositioned and simplified our portfolio to increase profitability. The Corporation continued to invest in our businesses to drive long term profitable growth. Sales decreased in the office furniture segment due to strategic portfolio moves and a soft market environment. The Corporation's hearth products segment saw mixed results as solid growth in new construction business was more than offset by declines in the retail gas and retail pellet businesses due to comparatively low energy prices and unseasonably warm weather.
Net sales during 2016 were $2,203 million, a decrease of 4.4 percent, compared to net sales of $2,304 million in 2015. The sales decrease was driven by decreased volume in the office furniture segment as well as the retail gas and retail pellet businesses of the hearth products segment. The acquisitions and divestitures of small office furniture companies resulted in a net increase in sales of $27.2 million compared to 2015.
The Corporation recorded $10.5 million of restructuring costs and $9.3 million of transition costs in 2016 in connection with the previously announced closures of the Paris, Kentucky hearth manufacturing facility and the Orleans, Indiana office furniture manufacturing facility and structural realignments among office furniture facilities in Muscatine, Iowa and China. Specific items incurred include severance, accelerated depreciation and production move costs. Of these charges, $14.6 million were included in cost of sales. The Corporation recorded $4.4 million of expense in conjunction with the charitable donation of a building. The Corporation also recorded a $22.6 million non-cash loss on the sale of Artcobell, a K-12 education furniture company, which was partially offset by a $2.0 million gain on a nonrecurring litigation settlement. The Corporation recorded $5.8 million of goodwill and intangible impairment charges during the year related to a reporting unit in the office furniture segment. These impairment charges are the result of current and projected market conditions and product and operational transformation.
Both fiscal 2016 and fiscal 2015 included 52 weeks compared to 53 weeks in 2014. Due to the Corporation's holiday schedule and production shutdowns, the extra week in 2014 had minimal impact on net sales and operating income.
The Corporation remains committed to long-term profitable growth across its core businesses and continued focused investments in selling, marketing, manufacturing and product initiatives.
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Results of Operations
The following table sets forth the percentage of consolidated net sales represented by certain items reflected in the Corporation’s Consolidated Statements of Income for the periods indicated.

Fiscal | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
Net Sales | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | %
Cost of products sold | 62.1 |  |  | 63.2 |  |  | 64.7 |
Gross profit | 37.9 |  |  | 36.8 |  |  | 35.3 |
Selling and administrative expenses | 30.3 |  |  | 29.2 |  |  | 29.2 |
(Gain) loss on sale of assets | 1.0 |  |  | — |  |  | (0.5 | )
Restructuring related charges | 0.5 |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | 1.5 |
Operating income | 6.1 |  |  | 7.1 |  |  | 5.1 |
Interest expense net | 0.2 |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | 0.4 |
Income before income taxes | 5.9 |  |  | 6.8 |  |  | 4.7 |
Income taxes | 2.0 |  |  | 2.2 |  |  | 2.0 |
Net income attributable to the non-controlling interest | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net income attributable to HNI Corporation | 3.9 | % |  | 4.6 | % |  | 2.8 | %

Net Sales
Net sales during 2016 were $2,203 million, a decrease of 4.4 percent, compared to net sales of $2,304 million in 2015. The change was driven by a decrease in organic sales across both the office furniture and hearth products segments. Sales decreased in the office furniture segment due to strategic portfolio moves and a challenging market environment. The Corporation's hearth products segment saw mixed results as solid growth in new construction was more than offset by declines in the retail gas and retail pellet businesses due to comparatively low energy prices and unseasonably warm weather. The acquisitions and divestitures of small office furniture companies resulted in a net increase in sales of $27.2 million compared to 2015. Both segments experienced price realization compared to 2015.
Net sales during 2015 were $2,304 million, an increase of 3.7 percent, compared to net sales of $2,223 million in 2014. Compared to 2014, the fourth quarter 2014 acquisition of Vermont Castings Group ("VCG"), a manufacturer of free-stranding hearth stoves and fireplaces, increased sales $62.7 million in 2015. Sales in the office furniture segment were driven by continued momentum in the contract business while the supplies business was flat due to muted small business confidence. Sales in the hearth products segment were driven by new construction growth while the retail pellet business declined due to the impact of warm weather and low energy prices on retail pellet sales. Both segments experienced price realization compared to 2014.
Fiscal 2016 and 2015 included 52 weeks compared to 53 weeks in 2014. Due to the Corporation's 2014 holiday schedule and production shutdowns, the extra week had minimal impact on net sales.
Gross Profit Margin
Gross profit as a percentage of net sales increased 110 basis points in 2016 as compared to 2015 driven by strong operational performance, favorable material cost and productivity and price realization partially offset by lower volume. Gross profit as a percentage of net sales increased 150 basis points in 2015 as compared to 2014 driven by strong operational performance, structural cost reductions, lower restructuring charges and price realization partially offset by lower volume and unfavorable product mix.
Cost of sales in 2016 included $5.3 million of restructuring costs and $9.3 million of transition costs related to the previously announced closures of the hearth manufacturing facility in Paris, Kentucky and the office furniture manufacturing facility in Orleans, Indiana and structural realignments among office furniture companies in Muscatine, Iowa and China. Specific items incurred include accelerated depreciation and production move costs.
Cost of sales in 2015 included $0.8 million of restructuring costs related to the decision to exit a small line of business within the hearth products segment and $4.7 million of transition costs related to previously announced closures and structural realignments in the office furniture segment. During 2014, the Corporation made decisions to close office furniture manufacturing facilities in Florence, Alabama; Chicago, Illinois; and Nalagarh, India and consolidate production into existing office furniture manufacturing
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facilities. In connection with these decisions, the Corporation recorded $5.2 million of restructuring costs and $4.9 million of transition costs in cost of sales in 2014.
Selling and Administrative Expenses
Selling and administrative expenses increased 110 basis points in 2016 driven by the impact of lower volume, strategic investments and incentive based compensation. Selling and administrative costs decreased 100 basis points in 2015 compared to 2014 due to lower incentive based compensation, cost reductions and lower restructuring and impairments partially offset by higher freight costs, strategic investments and acquisition impact.
The Corporation recorded $5.2 million of restructuring costs in 2016 as part of selling and administrative costs due to the previously announced closures of the Paris, Kentucky hearth manufacturing facility and Orleans, Indiana office furniture manufacturing facility. The Corporation also recorded $4.4 million of accelerated depreciation in conjunction with the announced charitable donation of a building.
In 2015 the Corporation recorded $0.5 million in restructuring costs as part of selling and administrative costs related to previously announced closures. In 2014 the Corporation recorded $3.6 million of restructuring costs as part of selling and administrative costs related to the closure of office furniture manufacturing facilities in Florence, Alabama; Chicago, Illinois and Nalagarh, India.
The Corporation recorded $5.8 million, $11.2 million, and $29.4 million of goodwill and intangible impairments as part of selling and administrative costs in 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively, related to reporting units in the office furniture segment. These impairment charges are the result of current and projected market conditions and product and operational transformation.
Selling and administrative expenses include freight expense for shipments to customers, product development costs and amortization expense of intangible assets. Refer to Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further information regarding the comparative expense levels for these items.
Gain/Loss on Sale of Assets
The Corporation realized a non-cash loss of $22.6 million in 2016 related to the sale of Artcobell, a K-12 education furniture company in addition to other gains and losses incurred in the ordinary course of business. The Corporation recorded gains totaling $10.7 million on the sale of two facilities and California air emission credits in 2014.
Operating Income
Operating income decreased $30.0 million to $133.7 million in 2016, compared to $163.7 million in 2015, driven by the non-cash loss on the sale of Artcobell and lower volume, partially offset by strong operational performance and cost reductions.
Operating income increased $50.9 million to $163.7 million in 2015, compared to $112.8 million in 2014, driven by strong operational performance, structural cost reductions, lower restructuring and impairment charges, favorable material costs and price realization. These factors were offset partially by lower volume, unfavorable product mix, higher freight costs and strategic investments.
Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes reflects an effective tax rate of 33.6 percent, 32.9 percent and 41.7 percent for 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The effective tax rate was higher in 2016 than 2015 primarily due to the one-time release of tax contingency reserves for personal goodwill in 2015. The 2015 decrease in the effective tax rate from 2014 was driven by the non-deductibility of goodwill impairment in 2014, an increased tax benefit for the U.S. Manufacturing Deduction and an increase in the R&D credit.
Net Income Attributable to HNI Corporation
Net income attributable to HNI Corporation decreased 18.8 percent to $85.6 million in 2016 compared to $105.4 million in 2015 and $61.5 million in 2014. Net income per diluted share decreased 19.0 percent to $1.88 in 2016 compared to $2.32 in 2015 and $1.35 in 2014.
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Office Furniture
Net sales for office furniture decreased $73.9 million or 4.2 percent in 2016 to $1,704 million compared to $1,778 million in 2015 including price realization of $12 million. The net impact of small office furniture acquisitions and divestitures increased sales $27.2 million. The Corporation experienced a decline in the contract business while the supplies business remained flat due to strategic portfolio moves and a soft market. BIFMA reported 2016 North American sales of office and institutional furniture grew 2 percent from 2015 levels. During 2016, BIFMA changed the data reporting structure whereby reporting elements are not historically comparable. Under the previous methodology, BIFMA reported 2015 shipments were up 5 percent from 2014 levels.
Net sales for office furniture increased $38.8 million or 2.2 percent in 2015 to $1,778 million compared to $1,739 million in 2014 including price realization of $31 million. The Corporation experienced growth in the contract business while the supplies business remained flat.
Operating profit as a percent of net sales was 6.9 percent in 2016, 7.7 percent in 2015 and 5.0 percent in 2014. The decrease in operating profit for 2016 was driven by lower volume, strategic investments, and the impacts of the sale of Artcobell, previously announced closures, and impairments of goodwill and other intangibles. These factors were partially offset by strong operational performance, favorable material costs and productivity and cost reductions. The improvement in operating margins for 2015 was due to increased volume, strong operational performance, cost reductions, lower restructuring and impairment charges, favorable material costs and price realization. These drivers were partially offset by unfavorable product mix, higher freight costs, strategic investments, and incentive based compensation. Total restructuring and transition costs impacting office furniture in 2016 were $12.2 million of which $9.2 million were recorded in cost of sales. Total restructuring and transition costs impacting office furniture in 2015 were $3.7 million of which $3.3 million were recorded in cost of sales.
Hearth Products
Hearth products sales decreased $27.0 million or 5.1 percent in 2016 to $500 million compared to $527 million in 2015 including price realization of $5 million. Sales in new construction grew as the housing market continued to recover but were offset by a declines in the retail pellet and retail gas businesses due to unseasonably warm weather and comparatively low energy prices.
Hearth products sales increased 8.9 percent in 2015 to $527 million compared to $484 million in 2014 including price realization of $6 million and incremental sales from the VCG acquisition of $63 million. Sales in new construction grew as the housing market continued to recover but were offset by a decline in the retail pellet business due to unseasonably warm weather and comparatively low energy prices.
Operating profit as a percent of sales in 2016 was 14.0 percent compared to 14.8 percent in 2015 and 15.9 percent in 2014. The 2016 change was caused by restructuring and transition costs related to the previously announced closure of the hearth manufacturing facility in Paris, Kentucky, lower volume and higher freight costs. These factors were partially offset by price realization, strong operational performance, favorable materials cost and productivity and cost reductions. The 2015 decrease in operating margins compared to 2014 was due to dilution caused by the VCG acquisition and decreased volume partially offset by cost reductions, lower material costs, and price realization. Total restructuring and transition costs impacting hearth product in 2016 were $7.7 million of which $5.5 million were recorded in cost of sales. Total restructuring and transition costs impacting hearth products in 2015 were $2.3 million of which $2.2 million were recorded in cost of sales.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Cash Flow – Operating Activities
Cash generated from operating activities in 2016 totaled $223.4 million compared to $173.4 million generated in 2015. The increase in cash generated was driven by favorable working capital changes partially offset by lower net income. Changes in working capital balances resulted in a $17.4 million source of cash in 2016 compared to $28.1 million use of cash in the prior year. Cash generated from operating activities in 2014 totaled $167.8 million and changes in working capital balances resulted in a $2.3 million source of cash.
The source of cash related to working capital changes in 2016 was primarily driven from lower accounts receivable of $11.2 million due to sales timing and higher accounts payable and accrued expense balances of $11.1 million due to timing of payments. This was partially offset by uses of cash for strategic investments in inventory.
The use of cash related to working capital changes in 2015 was primarily driven from lower accounts payable of $26.3 million due to timing of payments. Other uses of cash include higher receivables due to sales timing and increased inventory due to strategic investments.
The Corporation places special emphasis on management and control of working capital. The success achieved in managing receivables is in large part a result of doing business with quality customers and maintaining close communication with them. Management believes recorded trade receivable valuation allowances at the end of 2016 are adequate to cover the risk of potential bad debts. Allowances for non-collectible trade receivables, as a percent of gross trade receivables, totaled 0.9 percent, 1.7 percent and 2.1 percent at the end of fiscal years 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The Corporation’s inventory turns were 12, 12 and 12, for fiscal years 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
Cash Flow – Investing Activities
Capital expenditures, including capitalized software, were $119.6 million in 2016, $115.0 million in 2015 and $112.7 million in 2014. These expenditures continue to focus on machinery, equipment and tooling required to support new products, continuous improvements and cost savings initiatives in our manufacturing processes as well as the implementation of new integrated information systems to support business process transformation. The Corporation anticipates capital expenditures for 2017 to total $100 million to $110 million, primarily related to new products, operational process improvements and capabilities and the business process transformation project referred to above.
In 2016, the investing activities reflected a net cash outflow of $34.3 million related to the acquisition of OFM, an office furniture company, and also a small office furniture dealership that offered strategic value to the Corporation. In 2014, the investing activities reflected a net cash outflow of $61.8 million related to the acquisition of VCG as part of the Corporation's Hearth and Home Technologies business. Refer to the Acquisitions and Divestitures note in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
In 2014, the Corporation completed the sales of a facility located in South Gate, California, a facility and equipment located in Chicago, Illinois and California air emission credits. The proceeds from these sales of $16 million are reflected in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows as “Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment” for 2014.
Cash Flow – Financing Activities
The Corporation, certain domestic subsidiaries of the Corporation, the lenders and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent, entered into the First Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the "Credit Agreement") on January 6, 2016. The Credit Agreement amends the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of June 9, 2015.
The Credit Agreement was amended to increase the revolving commitment of the lenders from $250 million to $400 million (while retaining the Corporation's option under the Credit Agreement to increase its borrowing capacity by an additional $150 million) in order to provide funding for the payoff of its maturing senior notes on April 6, 2016 and to extend the maturity date of the Credit Agreement from June 2020 to January 2021. The Corporation deferred the debt issuance costs related to the Credit Agreement, which were classified as assets, and is amortizing them over the term of the Credit Agreement.
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As of December 31, 2016, there was $214 million outstanding under the $400 million revolving credit facility of which $180 million was classified as long-term as the Corporation does not expect to repay the borrowings within a year. Because the Corporation expects, but is not required, to repay the remaining $34 million during 2017 it is classified as current.
The revolving credit facility under the Credit Agreement is the primary source of committed funding from which the Corporation finances its planned capital expenditures and strategic initiatives, such as acquisitions, repurchases of common stock and certain working capital needs. Non-compliance with the various financial covenant ratios in the Credit Agreement could prevent the Corporation from being able to access further borrowings under the revolving credit facility, require immediate repayment of all amounts outstanding with respect to the revolving credit facility and/or increase the cost of borrowing.
The Credit Agreement contains a number of covenants, including covenants requiring maintenance of the following financial ratios as of the end of any fiscal quarter:

• | a consolidated interest coverage ratio of not less than 4.0 to 1.0, based upon the ratio of (a) consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the Credit Agreement) for the last four fiscal quarters to (b) the sum of consolidated interest charges; and

• | a consolidated leverage ratio of not greater than 3.5 to 1.0, based upon the ratio of (a) the quarter-end consolidated funded indebtedness (as defined in the Credit Agreement) to (b) consolidated EBITDA for the last four fiscal quarters.

The most restrictive of the financial covenants is the consolidated leverage ratio requirement of 3.5 to 1.0 included in the Credit Agreement. Under the Credit Agreement, consolidated EBITDA is defined as consolidated net income before interest expense, income taxes and depreciation and amortization of intangibles, as well as non-cash, nonrecurring charges and all non-cash items increasing net income. On December 31, 2016, the Corporation was well below the maximum allowable ratio and was in compliance with all of the covenants and other restrictions in the Credit Agreement. The Corporation expects to remain in compliance over the next twelve months.
In 2006, the Corporation refinanced $150 million of borrowings outstanding under its prior revolving credit facility with 5.54 percent, ten-year unsecured senior notes ("Senior Notes") due April 6, 2016 issued through the private placement debt market. Interest payments were due semi-annually on April 6 and October 6 of each year. The Corporation paid off the Senior Notes on April 6, 2016 with revolving credit facility borrowings.
In March 2016, the Corporation entered in to an interest rate swap transaction to hedge $150 million of outstanding variable rate revolver borrowings against future interest rate volatility. Under the terms of the interest rate swap, the Corporation pays a fixed rate of 1.29 percent and receives one month LIBOR on a $150 million notational value expiring January 2021. As of December 31, 2016, the fair value of the Corporation's interest rate swap was a net asset of $2.3 million reported net of tax as $1.5 million in accumulated other comprehensive income.
During 2016, the Corporation repurchased 1,082,938 shares of its common stock at a cost of approximately $55.8 million, or an average price of $51.55 per share. The Board authorized $200 million on November 9, 2007 and an additional $200 million on November 7, 2014 for repurchases of the Corporation’s common stock. As of December 31, 2016, approximately $136.9 million of this authorized amount remained unspent. During 2015, the Corporation repurchased 550,000 shares of its common stock at a cost of approximately $26.7 million, or an average price of $48.47 per share. During 2014, the Corporation repurchased 1,665,850 shares of its common stock at a cost of approximately $67.9 million, or an average price of $40.76 per share.
A cash dividend has been paid every quarter since April 15, 1955, and quarterly dividends are expected to continue. Cash dividends were $1.09 per common share for 2016, $1.045 for 2015 and $0.99 for 2014. The last quarterly dividend increase was from $0.265 to $0.275 per common share effective with the June 1, 2016 dividend payment for shareholders of record at the close of business on May 20, 2016. The average dividend payout percentage for the most recent three-year period has been 60 percent of prior year earnings or 27 percent of prior year cash flow from operating activities.
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments totaled $38.6 million at the end of 2016 compared to $32.8 million at the end of 2015 and $37.2 million at the end of 2014. These funds, coupled with cash from future operations, borrowing capacity under the existing facility as amended January 6, 2016 and the ability to access capital markets are expected to be adequate to fund operations and satisfy cash flow needs for at least the next twelve months. As of the end of 2016, $11.8 million of cash was held overseas and considered permanently reinvested. If such amounts were repatriated it could result in additional tax expense to the Corporation. The Corporation does not believe treating this cash as permanently reinvested will have any impact on the ability of the Corporation to meet its obligations as they come due.
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Contractual Obligations
The following table discloses the Corporation’s obligations and commitments to make future payments under contracts:

| Payments Due by Period
(In thousands) | Total |  | Less than 1 Year |  | 1 – 3 Years |  | 3 – 5 Years |  | More than 5 Years
Long-term debt obligations, including estimated interest (1) |  | $227,861 |  |  |  | $37,871 |  |  |  | $6,480 |  |  |  | $183,510 |  |  | — |
Operating lease obligations | 94,626 |  |  | 27,671 |  |  | 35,458 |  |  | 17,962 |  |  | $ | 13,535 |
Purchase obligations (2) | 51,405 |  |  | 51,405 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other long-term obligations (3) | 46,197 |  |  | 5,444 |  |  | 9,468 |  |  | 4,529 |  |  | 26,756 |
Total |  | $420,089 |  |  |  | $122,391 |  |  |  | $51,406 |  |  |  | $206,001 |  |  |  | $40,291 |

(1) | Interest has been included for all debt at the fixed or variable rate in effect as of December 31, 2016, as applicable. See "Note 10 Long-Term Debt" in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further information. The Corporation has classified $34 million of long-term debt as current because the Corporation expects, but is not required, to repay this portion of debt in 2017.

(2) | Purchase obligations include agreements to purchase goods or services that are enforceable, legally binding and specify all significant terms, including the quantity to be purchased, the price to be paid and the timing of the purchase.

(3) | Other long-term obligations represent payments due to members who are participants in the Corporation’s deferred and long-term incentive compensation programs, liability for unrecognized tax liabilities and contribution and benefit payments expected to be made pursuant to the Corporation’s post-retirement benefit plans. It should be noted the obligations related to post-retirement benefit plans are not contractual and the plans could be amended at the discretion of the Corporation. The disclosure of contributions and benefit payments has been limited to 10 years, as information beyond this time period was not available. Other long term obligations of $34.3 million, primarily insurance reserves and long term warranty, are not included in the table above due to the Corporation's inability to predict their timing.

Litigation and Uncertainties
See "Note 18 Guarantees, Commitments and Contingencies" in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.
Looking Ahead
Management remains optimistic about the office furniture and hearth markets and the Corporation's long-term prospects.
The Corporation remains focused on creating long-term shareholder value by growing its business through investment in building brands, product solutions and selling models, enhancing its strong member-owner culture and remaining focused on its long-standing rapid continuous improvement programs to build best total cost and a lean enterprise.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
The Corporation does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future
material effect on the Corporation's financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures
or capital resources.
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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
General
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is based upon the Consolidated Financial Statements, prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ("GAAP"). The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Senior management has discussed the development, selection and disclosure of these estimates with the Audit Committee of the Board. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
An accounting policy is deemed to be critical if it requires an accounting estimate be made based on assumptions about matters uncertain at the time the estimate is made, and if different estimates that reasonably could have been used, or changes in the accounting estimates that are reasonably likely to occur periodically, could materially impact the financial statements. Management believes the following critical accounting policies reflect its more significant estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Allowance for doubtful accounts receivable – The allowance for doubtful accounts receivable is based on several factors, including overall customer credit quality, historical write-off experience, the length of time a receivable has been outstanding and specific account analysis that projects the ultimate collectability of the account. As such, these factors may change over time causing the Corporation to adjust the reserve level accordingly.
Long-lived assets - The Corporation reviews long-lived assets for impairment as events or changes in circumstances occur indicating the amount of the asset reflected in the Corporation’s balance sheet may not be recoverable. The Corporation compares an estimate of undiscounted cash flows produced by the asset, or the appropriate group of assets, to the carrying value to determine whether impairment exists. The estimates of future cash flows involve considerable management judgment and are based upon the Corporation’s assumptions about future operating performance. The actual cash flows could differ from management’s estimates due to changes in business conditions, operating performance and economic conditions. Asset impairment charges associated with the Corporation’s restructuring activities are discussed in Restructuring Related and Impairment Charges in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Goodwill and other intangibles – The Corporation evaluates its goodwill for impairment on an annual basis during the fourth quarter or whenever indicators of impairment exist. Asset impairment charges associated with the Corporation’s goodwill impairment testing are discussed in Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
The Corporation reviews goodwill at the reporting unit level within its office furniture and hearth products operating segments. These reporting units constitute components for which discrete financial information is available and regularly reviewed by segment management. The accounting standards for goodwill permit entities to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform a two-step goodwill impairment test. If the two-step test is required, the Corporation estimates the fair value of its reporting units. In estimating the fair value, the Corporation relies on an average of the income approach and the market approach. In the income approach, the estimate of fair value of each reporting unit is based on management’s projection of revenues, gross margin, operating costs and cash flows considering historical and estimated future results, general economic and market conditions as well as the impact of planned business and operational strategies. The valuations employ present value techniques to measure fair value and consider market factors. In the market approach, the Corporation utilizes the guideline company method, which involved calculating valuation multiples based on operating data from guideline publicly-traded companies. These multiples are then applied to the operating data for the reporting units and adjusted for factors similar to those used in the discounted cash flow analysis. Management believes the assumptions used for the impairment test are consistent with those utilized by a market participant in performing similar valuations of its reporting units. Management bases its fair value estimates on assumptions they believe to be reasonable at the time, but such assumptions are subject to inherent uncertainty. Actual results may differ from those estimates.
If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, an additional step is required to determine the implied fair value of goodwill associated with that reporting unit. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined by first allocating the fair value of the reporting unit to all of its assets and liabilities and then computing the excess of the reporting unit’s fair value over the amounts assigned to the assets and liabilities. If the carrying value of goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of goodwill, such excess represents the amount of goodwill impairment and, accordingly, such impairment is recognized.
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Assessing the fair value of goodwill includes, among other things, making key assumptions for estimating future cash flows and appropriate market multiples. These assumptions are subject to a high degree of judgment and complexity. The Corporation makes every effort to estimate future cash flows as accurately as possible with the information available at the time the forecast is developed. However, changes in assumptions and estimates may affect the estimated fair value of the reporting unit, and could result in an impairment charge in future periods. Factors that have the potential to create variances in the estimated fair value of the reporting unit include but are not limited to economic conditions in the U.S. and other countries where the Corporation has a presence, competitor behavior, the mix of product sales, commodity costs, wage rates, the level of manufacturing capacity, the pricing environment and currency exchange fluctuations. In addition, estimates of fair value are impacted by estimates of the market-participant derived weighted average cost of capital.
Additionally, the Corporation compares the estimated aggregate fair value of its reporting units to its overall market capitalization.
The Corporation also evaluates the fair value of indefinite-lived trade names on an annual basis during the fourth quarter or whenever indication of impairment exists. The estimate of the fair value of the trade names is based on a discounted cash flow model using inputs which include: projected revenues from management’s long-term plan, assumed royalty rates that could be payable if the trade names were not owned and a discount rate.
The Corporation has definite-lived intangibles that are amortized over their estimated useful lives. Impairment losses are recognized if the carrying amount of an intangible, subject to amortization, is not recoverable from expected future cash flows and its carrying amount exceeds its fair value.
Key to recoverability of goodwill, indefinite-lived intangibles and long-lived assets is the forecast of economic conditions and its impact on future revenues, operating margins and cash flows. Management’s projection for the U.S. office furniture and domestic hearth markets and global economic conditions is inherently subject to a number of uncertain factors, such as global economic improvement, the U.S housing market, credit availability and borrowing rates, and overall consumer confidence. In the near term, as management monitors the above factors, it is possible it may change the revenue and cash flow projections of certain reporting units, which may require the recording of additional asset impairment charges.
Self-insured reserves – The Corporation is primarily self-insured or carries high deductibles for general, auto, and product liability, workers’ compensation, and certain employee health benefits. The general, auto, product, and workers’ compensation liabilities are managed via a wholly-owned insurance captive and the related liabilities are included in the accompanying financial statements. The Corporation’s policy is to accrue amounts in accordance with the actuarially determined liabilities. The actuarial valuations are based on historical information along with certain assumptions about future events. Changes in assumptions for such matters as the number or severity of claims, medical cost inflation, and magnitude of change in actual experience development could cause these estimates to change in the near term.
Income taxes – The Corporation uses an asset and liability method to account for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying values of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets are also recorded with respect to net operating losses and other tax attribute carry-forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates in effect for the years in which temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Valuation allowances are established when, based on currently available information, it is more likely than not that all or a portion of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the income of the period that includes the enactment date.
The ultimate recovery of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the amount and timing of future taxable income and other factors such as the taxing jurisdiction in which the asset is to be recovered. Significant judgment is applied to determine if, and the extent to which, valuation allowances should be recorded against deferred tax assets. Although the Corporation believes the approach to estimates and judgments as described herein is reasonable, actual results could differ and they may be exposed to increases or decreases in income taxes that could be material.
The Corporation recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position claimed or expected to be claimed on a tax return only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by taxing authorities based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits are reported as interest expense and operating expense, respectively.
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The Corporation applies the intra-period tax allocation rules to allocate income taxes among continuing operations, discontinued operations, other comprehensive income (loss), and additional paid-in capital when they meet the criteria as prescribed in the guidance.
The Corporation provides for taxes that may be payable if undistributed earnings of overseas subsidiaries were to be remitted to the United States, except for those earnings it considers to be permanently reinvested. See the Income Tax note to the financial statements for further information.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). The new standard will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. GAAP. The core principle of the standard requires companies to reevaluate when revenue is recorded on a transaction based upon newly defined criteria, either at a point in time or over time as goods or services are delivered. The standard requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and estimates, and changes in those estimates. The new standard becomes effective for the Corporation in fiscal 2018, and allows for both retrospective and modified-retrospective methods of adoption. The Corporation has completed a preliminary review of the impact of the new standard and expects changes in the way the Corporation recognizes certain marketing programs and pricing incentives, which are not anticipated to be financially significant. The Corporation expects to adopt the standard in fiscal 2018 using the modified-retrospective approach.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases. The new standard requires lessees to recognize most leases, including operating leases, on-balance sheet via a right of use asset and lease liability. Changes to the lessee accounting model may change key balance sheet measures and ratios, potentially effecting analyst expectations and compliance with financial covenants. The new standard becomes effective for the Corporation in fiscal 2019, but may be adopted at any time, and requires a modified retrospective transition. The Corporation is currently evaluating the effect the standard will have on consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-07, Simplifying the Transition to the Equity Method of Accounting. The new
standard eliminates the requirement for an investor to retroactively apply the equity method when an increase in ownership interest in an investee triggers equity method accounting. The new standard becomes effective for the Corporation in fiscal 2017. The Corporation anticipates the standard will have an immaterial effect on consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. The new standard is intended to simplify accounting for share based employment awards to employees. Changes include: all excess tax benefits/deficiencies should be recognized as income tax expense/benefit; entities can make elections on how to account for forfeitures; and cash paid by an employer when directly withholding shares for tax withholding purposes should be classified as a financing activity on the cash flow statement. The standard becomes effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016. The Corporation will implement the new standard in fiscal 2017.
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows - Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. The new standard provides classification guidance on eight cash flow issues including debt prepayment, settlement of zero-coupon bonds, contingent consideration payments made after a business combination, proceeds from the settlements of insurance claims, proceeds from the settlement of corporate-owned life insurance policies and distributions received from equity method investees. The new standard becomes effective for the Corporation in fiscal 2018. The Corporation anticipates the standard will have an immaterial effect on consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
During the normal course of business, the Corporation is subjected to market risk associated with interest rate movements. Interest rate risk arises from our variable interest debt obligations. For information related to the Corporation’s long-term debt, refer to the Long-Term Debt disclosure in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements filed as part of this report. In March 2016, the Corporation entered in to an interest rate swap transaction to hedge $150 million of outstanding variable rate revolver borrowings against future interest rate volatility. Under the terms of the interest rate swap, the Corporation pays a fixed rate of 1.29 percent and receives one month LIBOR on a $150 million notational value expiring January 2021. As of December 31, 2016, the fair value of the Corporation's interest rate swap was a net asset of $2.3 million reported net of tax as $1.5 million in accumulated other comprehensive income. The interest rate swap derivative instrument is held and used by the Corporation as a tool for
managing interest rate risk. It is not used for trading or speculative purposes. The Corporation believes it has limited exposure to interest rate risk due to the interest rate swap and other alternative capital structure levels available. The Corporation does not currently have any significant foreign currency exposure.
The Corporation is exposed to risks arising from price changes for certain direct materials and assembly components used in its operations. The most significant material purchases and cost for the Corporation are for steel, plastics, textiles, wood particleboard and cartoning. The market price of plastics and textiles, in particular, are sensitive to the cost of oil and natural gas. The cost of wood particleboard has been impacted by continued downsizing of production capacity as well as increased volatility in input and transportation costs. All of these materials are impacted increasingly by global market pressure. The Corporation works to offset these increased costs through global sourcing initiatives, product re-engineering and price increases on its products. Margins have been negatively impacted in the past due to the lag between cost increases and the Corporation’s ability to increase its prices. The Corporation believes future market price increases on its key direct materials and assembly components are likely. Consequently, it views the prospect of such increases as an outlook risk to the business.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
The financial statements listed under Item 15(a)(1) and (2) are filed as part of this report and are incorporated herein by reference.
The Summary of Unaudited Quarterly Results of Operations follows the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements filed as part of this report and are incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Corporation in the reports it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures are also designed to ensure information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
Under the supervision and with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the Corporation, the Corporation's management have evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Corporation’s disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a – 15(e) and 15d – 15(e) under the Exchange Act as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. As of December 31, 2016, and, based on this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded these controls and procedures are effective. There have not been any changes in the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2016 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting.
Management’s annual report on internal control over financial reporting and the attestation report of the Corporation’s independent registered public accounting firm are included in Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules of this report under the headings “Management Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting” and “Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm,” respectively and management's annual report is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
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PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The information under the caption "Proposal No. 1 - Election of Directors" of the Corporation's Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on May 9, 2017, is incorporated herein by reference. For information with respect to executive officers of the Corporation, see Table I - Executive Officers of the Registrant included in Part I of this report.
Information relating to the identification of the audit committee and audit committee financial expert of the Corporation is contained under the caption “Information Regarding the Board” of the Corporation’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on May 9, 2017, and is incorporated herein by reference.
Code of Ethics
The information under the caption “Code of Business Conduct and Ethics” of the Corporation’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on May 9, 2017, is incorporated herein by reference.
Compliance with Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act
The information under the caption "Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance" of the Corporation's Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on May 9, 2017, is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information under the captions “Executive Compensation” and “Director Compensation” of the Corporation's Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on May 9, 2017, is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The information under the captions “Security Ownership” and “Equity Compensation Plan Information” of the Corporation's Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on May 9, 2017, is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
The information under the captions “Information Regarding the Board” and “Review, Approval or Ratification of Transactions with Related Persons” of the Corporation's Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on May 9, 2017, is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
The information under the caption “Fees Incurred for KPMG LLP of the Corporation’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on May 9, 2017, is incorporated herein by reference.
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PART IV
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a)(1) Financial Statements
The following consolidated financial statements of the Corporation and its subsidiaries included in the Corporation's 2016 Annual Report on Form 10K are filed as a part of this Report pursuant to Item 8:

| Page
Management Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting | 37
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms | 38
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2016, January 2, 2016, and January 3, 2015 | 40
Consolidated Balance Sheets – December 31, 2016 and January 2, 2016 | 41
Consolidated Statements of Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2016, January 2, 2016 and January 3, 2015 | 43
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2016, January 2, 2016, and January 3, 2015 | 44
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | 45
Investor Information | 69

(2) Financial Statement Schedules
All other schedules for which provision is made in the applicable accounting regulation of the SEC are not required under the related instructions or are inapplicable and, therefore, have been omitted.

(b) | Exhibits

| Page
Exhibit index of all exhibits incorporated by reference into, or filed with, this Report | 70

The following exhibits are filed herewith:

Exhibit |  |  |
(21 | ) |  | Subsidiaries of the Registrant
(23.1 | ) |  | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (KPMG)
(23.2 | ) |  | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PwC)
(31.1 | ) |  | Certification of the CEO Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
(31.2 | ) |  | Certification of the CFO Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
(32.1 | ) |  | Certification of CEO and CFO Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101 |  |  | The following materials from HNI Corporation's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016 formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language) and furnished electronically herewith: (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets; (ii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income; (iii) Consolidated Statements of Equity; (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; and (iv) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Annual Report on Form 10-K to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

|  | HNI Corporation |
Date: | February 24, 2017 | By: | /s/ Stan A. Askren
|  |  | Stan A. Askren
|  |  | Chairman, President and CEO

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. Each Director whose signature appears below authorizes and appoints Stan A. Askren as his or her attorney-in-fact to sign and file on his or her behalf any and all amendments and post-effective amendments to this report.

Signature |  | Title | Date
/s/ Stan A. Askren |  | Chairman, President and CEO, | February 24, 2017
Stan A. Askren |  | Principal Executive Officer, and Director |
/s/ Marshall H. Bridges |  | Vice President and Chief Financial | February 24, 2017
Marshall H. Bridges |  | Officer, Principal Financial Officer and |
|  | Principal Accounting Officer |
/s/ Mary A. Bell |  | Director | February 24, 2017
Mary A. Bell |  |  |
/s/ Miguel M. Calado |  | Director | February 24, 2017
Miguel M. Calado |  |  |
/s/ Cheryl A. Francis |  | Director | February 24, 2017
Cheryl A. Francis |  |  |
/s/ Mary K. W. Jones |  | Director | February 24, 2017
Mary K. W. Jones |  |  |
/s/ John R. Hartnett |  | Director | February 24, 2017
John R. Hartnett |  |  |
/s/ Larry B. Porcellato |  | Director | February 24, 2017
Larry B. Porcellato |  |  |
/s/ Abbie J. Smith |  | Lead Director | February 24, 2017
Abbie J. Smith |  |  |
/s/ Brian E. Stern |  | Director | February 24, 2017
Brian E. Stern |  |  |
/s/ Ronald V. Waters, III |  | Director | February 24, 2017
Ronald V. Waters, III |  |  |

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Management Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Management of HNI Corporation is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. HNI Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. HNI Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting includes those written policies and procedures that:

• | pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of HNI Corporation;

• | provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, and that receipts and expenditures of HNI Corporation are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of HNI Corporation; and

• | provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of assets that could have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.

Internal control over financial reporting includes the controls themselves, monitoring (including internal auditing practices), and actions taken to correct deficiencies as identified.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Management assessed the effectiveness of HNI Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016. Management based this assessment on criteria for effective internal control over financial reporting described in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Management’s assessment included an evaluation of the design of HNI Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting and testing of operational effectiveness of HNI Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting. Management reviewed the results of its assessment with the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.
Based on this assessment, management determined, as of December 31, 2016, HNI Corporation maintained effective internal control over financial reporting.
The effectiveness of HNI Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016 has been audited by KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in its report which appears herein.
February 24, 2017
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders HNI Corporation:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of HNI Corporation and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2016 and January 2, 2016, and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2016. We also have audited HNI Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). HNI Corporation’s management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements and an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of HNI Corporation and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2016 and January 2, 2016, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2016, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also in our opinion, HNI Corporation maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
/s/ KPMG LLP
Chicago, Illinois
February 24, 2017
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of HNI Corporation:
In our opinion, the consolidated balance sheet as of January 3, 2015 and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, statements of equity, and statements of cash flows for the period ended January 3, 2015 present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of HNI Corporation and its subsidiaries at January 3, 2015, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for the period ended January 3, 2015, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits of these statements in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Chicago, Illinois
February 24, 2017
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HNI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Amounts in thousands, except for per share data) |  |  |  |  |
For the Years | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
Net sales | $ | 2,203,489 |  |  | $ | 2,304,419 |  |  | $ | 2,222,695 |
Cost of sales | 1,368,476 |  |  | 1,457,021 |  |  | 1,438,495 |
Gross profit | 835,013 |  |  | 847,398 |  |  | 784,200 |
Selling and administrative expenses | 667,744 |  |  | 672,125 |  |  | 649,055 |
(Gain) loss on sale of assets | 22,572 |  |  | (195 | ) |  | (10,723 | )
Restructuring and impairment charges | 11,005 |  |  | 11,792 |  |  | 33,019 |
Operating income | 133,692 |  |  | 163,676 |  |  | 112,849 |
Interest income | 305 |  |  | 395 |  |  | 418 |
Interest expense | 5,086 |  |  | 6,901 |  |  | 8,336 |
Income before income taxes | 128,911 |  |  | 157,170 |  |  | 104,931 |
Income taxes | 43,273 |  |  | 51,764 |  |  | 43,776 |
Net income | 85,638 |  |  | 105,406 |  |  | 61,155 |
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to the non-controlling interest | 61 |  |  | (30 | ) |  | (316 | )
Net income attributable to HNI Corporation | $ | 85,577 |  |  | $ | 105,436 |  |  | $ | 61,471 |
Net income attributable to HNI Corporation per common share – basic |  | $1.93 |  |  |  | $2.38 |  |  |  | $1.37 |
Weighted average shares outstanding – basic | 44,413,941 |  |  | 44,285,298 |  |  | 44,759,716 |
Net income attributable to HNI Corporation per common share – diluted |  | $1.88 |  |  |  | $2.32 |  |  |  | $1.35 |
Weighted average shares outstanding – diluted | 45,502,219 |  |  | 45,440,653 |  |  | 45,578,872 |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | $ | (1,510 | ) |  | $ | (1,901 | ) |  | $ | (691 | )
Change in unrealized gains and (losses) on marketable securities (net of tax) | (103 | ) |  | (39 | ) |  | (44 | )
Change in pension and post-retirement liability (net of tax) | 339 |  |  | 1,256 |  |  | (4,622 | )
Change in derivative financial instruments (net of tax) | 1,460 |  |  | 873 |  |  | (983 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss) (net of tax) | $ | 186 |  |  | $ | 189 |  |  | $ | (6,340 | )
Comprehensive income | 85,824 |  |  | 105,595 |  |  | 54,815 |
Less: Comprehensive (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest | 61 |  |  | (30 | ) |  | (316 | )
Comprehensive income attributable to HNI Corporation | $ | 85,763 |  |  | $ | 105,625 |  |  | $ | 55,131 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
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HNI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Amounts in thousands of dollars and shares except par value)
| December 31, 2016 |  | January 2, 2016
ASSETS |  |  |
CURRENT ASSETS |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 36,312 |  |  | $ | 28,548 |
Short-term investments | 2,252 |  |  | 4,252 |
Receivables | 229,436 |  |  | 243,409 |
Inventories | 118,438 |  |  | 125,228 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 46,603 |  |  | 36,933 |
Total Current Assets | 433,041 |  |  | 438,370 |
PROPERTY, PLANT, AND EQUIPMENT |  |  |
Land and land improvements | 27,403 |  |  | 28,801 |
Buildings | 283,930 |  |  | 298,516 |
Machinery and equipment | 528,099 |  |  | 515,131 |
Construction in progress | 51,343 |  |  | 31,986 |
| 890,775 |  |  | 874,434 |
Less accumulated depreciation | 534,330 |  |  | 533,275 |
Net Property, Plant, and Equipment | 356,445 |  |  | 341,159 |
GOODWILL | 290,699 |  |  | 277,650 |
DEFERRED INCOME TAXES | 719 |  |  | — |
OTHER ASSETS | 249,330 |  |  | 206,746 |
Total Assets | $ | 1,330,234 |  |  | $ | 1,263,925 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
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HNI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Amounts in thousands of dollars and shares except par value)
| December 31, 2016 |  | January 2, 2016
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY |  |  |  |  |
CURRENT LIABILITIES |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | $ | 425,046 |  |  | $ | 424,405 |
Current maturities of long-term debt | 34,017 |  |  | 5,477 |
Current maturities of other long-term obligations | 4,410 |  |  | 6,018 |
Total Current Liabilities | 463,473 |  |  | 435,900 |
LONG-TERM DEBT | 180,000 |  |  | 185,000 |
OTHER LONG-TERM LIABILITIES | 75,044 |  |  | 76,792 |
DEFERRED INCOME TAXES | 110,708 |  |  | 88,934 |
EQUITY |  |  |
HNI Corporation shareholders' equity: |  |  |
Capital Stock: |  |  |
Preferred stock - $1 par value, authorized 2,000 shares, no shares outstanding | — |  |  | — |
Common stock - $1 par value, 200,000 shares, outstanding: |  |  |
December 31, 2016 - 44,079; |  |  |  |
January 2, 2016 - 44,158 | 44,079 |  |  | 44,158 |
Additional paid-in capital | — |  |  | 4,407 |
Retained earnings | 461,524 |  |  | 433,575 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (5,000 | ) |  | (5,186 | )
Total HNI Corporation shareholders’ equity | 500,603 |  |  | 476,954 |
Non-controlling interest | 406 |  |  | 345 |
Total Equity | 501,009 |  |  | 477,299 |
Total Liabilities and Equity | $ | 1,330,234 |  |  | $ | 1,263,925 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
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HNI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY

| Parent Company Shareholders’ Equity |  |  |  |
(In thousands except per share data) | Common Stock |  |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  |  | Retained Earnings |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss)/Income |  |  | Non- controlling Interest |  |  | Total Shareholders’ Equity |
Balance, December 28, 2013 |  | $44,982 |  |  |  | $16,729 |  |  |  | $373,652 |  |  |  | $965 |  |  |  | $89 |  |  |  | $436,417 |
Comprehensive income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 61,471 |  |  | — |  |  | (316 | ) |  | 61,155 |
Other comprehensive income (net of tax) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6,340 | ) |  | — |  |  | (6,340 | )
Distributions to non-controlling interest | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5 | ) |  | (5 | )
Change in ownership of non-controlling interest | — |  |  | — |  |  | (146 | ) |  | — |  |  | 146 |  |  | — |
Cash dividends; $0.99 per share | — |  |  | — |  |  | (44,328 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (44,328 | )
Common shares – treasury: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Shares purchased | (1,666 | ) |  | (50,522 | ) |  | (15,720 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (67,908 | )
Shares issued under Members’ Stock Purchase Plan and stock awards (net of tax) | 850 |  |  | 34,660 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 35,510 |
Balance, January 3, 2015 |  | $44,166 |  |  |  | $867 |  |  |  | $374,929 |  |  |  | ($5,375 | ) |  |  | ($86 | ) |  |  | $414,501 |
Comprehensive income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 105,436 |  |  | — |  |  | (30 | ) |  | 105,406 |
Other comprehensive (loss) (net of tax) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 189 |  |  | — |  |  | 189 |
Distributions to non-controlling interest | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Change in ownership of non-controlling interest | — |  |  | — |  |  | (461 | ) |  | — |  |  | 461 |  |  | — |
Cash dividends; $1.045 per share | — |  |  | — |  |  | (46,329 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (46,329 | )
Common shares – treasury: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Shares purchased | (550 | ) |  | (26,107 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (26,657 | )
Shares issued under Members’ Stock Purchase Plan and stock awards (net of tax) | 542 |  |  | 29,647 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 30,189 |
Balance, January 2, 2016 |  | $44,158 |  |  |  | $4,407 |  |  |  | $433,575 |  |  |  | ($5,186 | ) |  |  | $345 |  |  |  | $477,299 |
Comprehensive income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 85,577 |  |  | — |  |  | 61 |  |  | 85,638 |
Other comprehensive (loss) (net of tax) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 186 |  |  | — |  |  | 186 |
Distributions to non-controlling interest | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Change in ownership of non-controlling interest | — |  |  | — |  |  | (89 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (89 | )
Cash dividends; $1.09 per share | — |  |  | — |  |  | (48,495 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (48,495 | )
Common shares – treasury: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Shares purchased | (1,082 | ) |  | (45,699 | ) |  | (9,044 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (55,825 | )
Shares issued under Members’ Stock Purchase Plan and stock awards (net of tax) | 1,003 |  |  | 41,292 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 42,295 |
Balance, December 31, 2016 |  | $44,079 |  |  | — |  |  |  | $461,524 |  |  |  | ($5,000 | ) |  |  | $406 |  |  |  | $501,009 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
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HNI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Amounts in thousands)

For the Years | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
Net Cash Flows From (To) Operating Activities: |  |  |  |  |
Net income | $ | 85,638 |  |  | $ | 105,406 |  |  | $ | 61,155 |
Noncash items included in net income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 68,947 |  |  | 57,564 |  |  | 56,722 |
Other post-retirement and post-employment benefits | 1,643 |  |  | 1,856 |  |  | 1,239 |
Stock-based compensation | 8,141 |  |  | 9,097 |  |  | 8,597 |
Excess tax benefits from stock compensation | (2,713 | ) |  | (1,581 | ) |  | (2,161 | )
Deferred income taxes | 20,495 |  |  | 15,257 |  |  | 14,655 |
(Gain) loss on sale, retirement and impairment of long-lived assets and intangibles, net | 28,868 |  |  | 12,463 |  |  | 19,055 |
Other – net | 4,523 |  |  | (1,216 | ) |  | 4,693 |
Net increase (decrease) in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions and divestitures | 17,430 |  |  | (28,075 | ) |  | 2,322 |
Increase (decrease) in other liabilities | (9,610 | ) |  | 2,581 |  |  | 1,519 |
Net cash flows from (to) operating activities | 223,362 |  |  | 173,352 |  |  | 167,796 |
Net Cash Flows From (To) Investing Activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Capital expenditures | (93,425 | ) |  | (82,610 | ) |  | (74,323 | )
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment | 1,055 |  |  | 2,201 |  |  | 16,361 |
Capitalized software | (26,159 | ) |  | (32,356 | ) |  | (38,390 | )
Acquisition spending, net of cash acquired | (34,302 | ) |  | — |  |  | (61,823 | )
Purchase of investments | (8,724 | ) |  | (3,660 | ) |  | (3,801 | )
Sales or maturities of investments | 8,619 |  |  | 3,550 |  |  | 7,770 |
Other – net | (90 | ) |  | — |  |  | (4 | )
Net cash flows from (to) investing activities | (153,026 | ) |  | (112,875 | ) |  | (154,210 | )
Net Cash Flows From (To) Financing Activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from sale of HNI Corporation common stock | 21,596 |  |  | 12,276 |  |  | 18,469 |
Withholding related to net share settlements of equity based awards | — |  |  | (171 | ) |  | (79 | )
Purchase of HNI Corporation common stock | (55,825 | ) |  | (26,657 | ) |  | (67,908 | )
Proceeds from note and long-term debt | 611,986 |  |  | 448,449 |  |  | 282,808 |
Payments of note and long-term debt and other financing | (594,547 | ) |  | (455,222 | ) |  | (235,595 | )
Excess tax benefits from stock compensation | 2,713 |  |  | 1,581 |  |  | 2,161 |
Dividends paid | (48,495 | ) |  | (46,329 | ) |  | (44,328 | )
Net cash flows from (to) financing activities | (62,572 | ) |  | (66,073 | ) |  | (44,472 | )
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 7,764 |  |  | (5,596 | ) |  | (30,886 | )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year | 28,548 |  |  | 34,144 |  |  | 65,030 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year | $ | 36,312 |  |  | $ | 28,548 |  |  | $ | 34,144 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
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HNI CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 1. Nature of Operations
HNI Corporation with its subsidiaries (the “Corporation”) is a provider of office furniture and hearth products. Both industries are reportable segments; however, the Corporation’s office furniture business is its principal line of business. Refer to Reportable Segment Information for further information. Office furniture products include panel-based and freestanding furniture systems seating, storage and tables. These products are sold primarily through a national system of dealers, wholesalers and office product distributors but also directly to end-user customers and federal, state and local governments. Hearth products include a full array of gas, wood and pellet burning fireplaces, inserts, stoves, facings and accessories. These products are sold through a national system of dealers and distributors, as well as Corporation-owned distribution and retail outlets. The Corporation’s products are marketed predominantly in the United States and Canada. The Corporation exports select products through its export subsidiary to a limited number of markets outside North America, principally the Middle East, Mexico, Latin America and the Caribbean. The Corporation also manufactures and markets office furniture in Asia and India. Activities outside the United States and Canada, as a percent of sales, are insignificant.
Fiscal year-end – The Corporation follows a 52/53-week fiscal year which ends on the Saturday nearest December 31. Fiscal year 2016 ended on December 31, 2016; 2015 ended on January 2, 2016; and 2014 ended on January 3, 2015. The financial statements for fiscal years 2016 and 2015 are on a 52-week basis. The financial statements for fiscal year 2014 are on a 53-week basis. A 53-week year occurs approximately every sixth year.
Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts and transactions of the Corporation and its subsidiaries. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments
Cash and cash equivalents generally consist of cash and money market accounts. The fair value approximates the carrying value due to the short duration of the securities. These securities have original maturity dates not exceeding three months. The Corporation has short-term investments with maturities of less than one year and also has investments with maturities greater than one year included in Other Assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Management classifies investments in marketable securities at the time of purchase and reevaluates such classification at each balance sheet date. Debt securities including government and corporate bonds are classified as available-for-sale and stated at current market value with unrealized gains and losses included as a separate component of equity, net of any related tax effect. The specific identification method is used to determine realized gains and losses on the trade date.
At December 31, 2016 and January 2, 2016, cash, cash equivalents and investments consisted of the following:

Year-End 2016 (In thousands) | Cash and cash equivalents |  | Short-term investments |  | Long-term investments
Available-for-sale securities |  |  |  |  |
Debt securities | — |  |  |  | $2,252 |  |  |  | $10,033 |
Cash and money market accounts |  | $36,312 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total |  | $36,312 |  |  |  | $2,252 |  |  |  | $10,033 |

The amortized cost basis of the debt securities as of December 31, 2016 was $12.3 million. Immaterial unrealized gains and losses are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income as of December 31, 2016 for these debt securities.
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Year-End 2015 (In thousands) | Cash and cash equivalents |  | Short-term investments |  | Long-term investments
Held-to-maturity securities |  |  |  |  |
Certificates of deposit | $ | — |  |  | $ | 252 |  |  | $ | — |
Available-for-sale securities |  |  |  |  |
Debt securities | — |  |  | 4,000 |  |  | 8,067 |
Cash and money market accounts | 28,548 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 28,548 |  |  | $ | 4,252 |  |  | $ | 8,067 |

The amortized cost basis of the debt securities as of January 2, 2016 was $12.1 million. Immaterial unrealized gains and losses are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income as of January 2, 2016 for these debt securities.
Receivables
Accounts receivable are presented net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $2.1 million and $4.3 million for 2016 and 2015, respectively. The allowance is developed based on several factors including overall customer credit quality, historical write-off experience, and specific account analyses projecting the ultimate collectability of the account. As such, these factors may change over time causing the reserve level to adjust accordingly.

Allowance for doubtful accounts | Balance at beginning of period |  | Charged to costs and expenses |  | Amounts written off, net of recoveries and other adjustments |  | Divestitures |  | Balance at end of period
Year ended December 31, 2016 |  | $4,287 |  |  | (357 | ) |  | 1,598 |  |  | 192 |  |  |  | $2,140 |
Year ended January 2, 2016 |  | $5,096 |  |  | 1,394 |  |  | 2,203 |  |  | — |  |  |  | $4,287 |
Year ended January 3, 2015 |  | $6,208 |  |  | 343 |  |  | 1,455 |  |  | — |  |  |  | $5,096 |

Inventories
The Corporation valued 79 percent and 78 percent of its inventory by the LIFO method at December 31, 2016 and January 2, 2016, respectively. During 2016 and 2014, inventory quantities were reduced at certain reporting units. This reduction resulted in a liquidation of LIFO inventory quantities carried at higher or lower costs prevailing in prior years as compared with the cost of current year purchases, the effect of which increased cost of goods sold by approximately $0.05 million in 2016 and decreased cost of goods sold by approximately $0.03 million in 2014. There was no similar LIFO decrement in 2015. If the FIFO method had been in use, inventories would have been $24.2 million and $25.1 million higher than reported at December 31, 2016 and January 2, 2016, respectively.
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment are carried at cost. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Major improvements that materially extend the useful lives of the assets are capitalized. Depreciation has been computed using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives: land improvements, 10 – 20 years; buildings, 10 – 40 years; and machinery and equipment, 3 – 12 years.
Long-Lived Assets
Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment as events or changes in circumstances occur indicating the amount of the asset reflected in the Corporation’s balance sheet may not be recoverable. An estimate of undiscounted cash flows produced by the asset, or the appropriate group of assets, is compared to the carrying value to determine whether impairment exists. The estimates of future cash flows involve considerable management judgment and are based upon assumptions about expected future operating performance. The actual cash flows could differ from management’s estimates due to changes in business conditions, operating performance and economic conditions. Asset impairment charges recorded in connection with the Corporation’s restructuring activities are discussed in Restructuring Related Charges. These assets include real estate, manufacturing equipment and certain other fixed assets. The Corporation’s continuous focus on improving the manufacturing process tends to increase the likelihood of assets being replaced; therefore, the Corporation is regularly evaluating the expected lives of its equipment and accelerating depreciation where appropriate.
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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
See Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets note to consolidated financial statements.
Product Warranties
The Corporation issues certain warranty policies on its furniture and hearth products that provide for repair or replacement of any covered product or component failing during normal use because of a defect in design, materials or workmanship. Reserves have
been established for the various costs associated with the Corporation's warranty programs.
A warranty reserve is determined by recording a specific reserve for known warranty issues and an additional reserve for unknown claims expected to be incurred based on historical claims experience. Actual claims incurred could differ from the original estimates, requiring adjustments to the reserve. Activity associated with warranty obligations was as follows:

(In thousands) | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
Balance at the beginning of the period |  | $16,227 |  |  |  | $16,719 |  |  |  | $13,840 |
Accrual assumed from acquisition | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,100 |
Accrual settled from divestiture | (538 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Accruals for warranties issued during the period | 20,055 |  |  | 19,995 |  |  | 18,951 |
Accrual (Recovery) related to pre-existing warranties | 604 |  |  | (334 | ) |  | 172 |
Settlements made during the period | (21,098 | ) |  | (20,153 | ) |  | (17,344 | )
Balance at the end of the period |  | $15,250 |  |  |  | $16,227 |  |  |  | $16,719 |

The portion of the reserve for estimated settlements expected to be paid in the next twelve months was $7.0 million and $8.2 million as of December 31, 2016 and January 2, 2016, respectively, and is included in "Accounts payable and accrued expenses" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The portion of the reserve for settlements expected to be paid beyond one year was $8.3 million and $8.0 million, as of December 31, 2016 and January 2, 2016, respectively, and is included in "Other Long-Term Liabilities" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Revenue Recognition
Sales of office furniture and hearth products are generally recognized when title transfers and the risks and rewards of ownership have passed to customers. Typically title and risk of ownership transfer when the product is shipped. In certain circumstances, title and risk of ownership do not transfer until the goods are received by the customer or upon installation and customer acceptance. Revenue includes freight charged to customers; related costs are recorded in selling and administrative expense. Rebates, discounts and other marketing program expenses directly related to the sale are recorded as a reduction to net sales. Marketing program accruals require the use of management estimates and the consideration of contractual arrangements subject to interpretation. Customer sales that achieve or do not achieve certain award levels can affect the amount of such estimates and actual results could differ from these estimates.
Product Development Costs
Product development costs relating to development of new products and processes, including significant improvements and refinements to existing products, are expensed as incurred. These costs include salaries, contractor fees, building costs, utilities and administrative fees. The amounts charged against income were $28.1 million in 2016, $31.1 million in 2015 and $29.7 million in 2014 and were recorded in "Selling and Administrative Expenses" on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Freight Expense
The Corporation records freight expense on shipments to customers in "Selling and Administrative Expenses" on the Consolidated Statements of Income. Amounts recorded were $115.2 million in 2016, $133.4 million in 2015 and $131.0 million in 2014.
Stock-Based Compensation
The Corporation measures the cost of employee services in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of the award and recognizes cost over the requisite service period. See the Stock-Based Compensation note to consolidated financial statements for further information.
Income Taxes
The Corporation uses an asset and liability approach that takes into account guidance related to uncertain tax positions and requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the Corporation’s financial statements or tax returns. Deferred income taxes are provided to reflect differences between the tax
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bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements. The Corporation provides for taxes that may be payable if undistributed earnings of overseas subsidiaries were to be remitted to the United States, except for those earnings it considers to be permanently reinvested. There were approximately $32.4 million of accumulated earnings considered permanently reinvested in China, Hong Kong and India as of December 31, 2016. The Corporation believes the U.S. tax cost on unremitted foreign earnings would be approximately $9.6 million if the amounts were not considered permanently reinvested. See the Income Tax note to consolidated financial statements for further information.
Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share are based on the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Shares potentially issuable under stock options, restricted stock units and common stock equivalents under the Corporation's deferred compensation plans have been considered outstanding for purposes of the diluted earnings per share calculation. The following table reconciles the numerators and denominators used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS):

(In thousands, except per share data) | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
Numerators: |  |  |  |  |  |
Numerators for both basic and diluted EPS net income attributable to parent company |  | $85,577 |  |  |  | $105,436 |  |  | $ | 61,471 |
Denominators: |  |  |  |  |
Denominator for basic EPS weighted- average common shares outstanding | 44,414 |  |  | 44,285 |  |  | 44,760 |
Potentially dilutive shares from stock option plans | 1,088 |  |  | 1,156 |  |  | 819 |
Denominator for diluted EPS | 45,502 |  |  | 45,441 |  |  | 45,579 |
Earnings per share – basic |  | $1.93 |  |  |  | $2.38 |  |  |  | $1.37 |
Earnings per share – diluted |  | $1.88 |  |  |  | $2.32 |  |  |  | $1.35 |

Certain exercisable and non-exercisable stock options were not included in the computation of diluted EPS for fiscal years 2016, 2015 and 2014 because inclusion would have been anti-dilutive. The number of stock options outstanding which met this criterion was 416,142; 493,202 and 500,058 for 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. The more significant areas requiring use of management estimates relate to allowance for doubtful accounts, inventory reserves, marketing program accruals, warranty accruals, accruals for self-insured medical claims, workers’ compensation, legal contingencies, general liability and auto insurance claims, valuation of long-lived assets, and useful lives for depreciation and amortization. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Self-Insurance
The Corporation is primarily self-insured for general, auto and product liability, workers’ compensation, and certain employee health benefits. The general, auto, product and workers’ compensation liabilities are managed using a wholly owned insurance captive and the related liabilities are included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. As of December 31, 2016 and January 2, 2016, these liabilities totaled $26.5 million and $27.7 million, respectively. The Corporation’s policy is to accrue amounts in accordance with the actuarially determined liabilities. The actuarial valuations are based on historical information along with certain assumptions about future events. Changes in assumptions for such matters as legal actions, medical cost inflation and magnitude of change in actual experience development could cause these estimates to change in the future.
Foreign Currency Translations
Foreign currency financial statements of foreign operations where the local currency is the functional currency are translated using exchange rates in effect at period end for assets and liabilities and average exchange rates during the period for results of operations. Related translation adjustments are reported as a component of Shareholders’ Equity. Gains and losses on foreign currency transactions are included in the “Selling and administrative expenses” caption of the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Reclassifications
Certain reclassifications have been made within the financial statements to conform to the current year presentation.
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Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
In April 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2015-05, Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40) - Customer’s Accounting for Fees Paid in a Cloud Computing Arrangement. The ASU applies to cloud computing arrangements including software as a service, platform as a service, infrastructure as a service and other similar hosting arrangements and was issued to help entities evaluate the accounting for fees paid by a customer in a cloud computing arrangement. The ASU provides guidance about whether the arrangement includes a software license. The core principle of the ASU is that if a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license, then the customer should account for the software license element of the arrangement consistent with the acquisition of other software licenses. If a cloud computing arrangement does not include a software license, the customer should account for the arrangement as a service contract. The guidance did not change U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for a customer’s accounting for service contracts. The Corporation adopted the guidance effective January 3, 2016, the beginning of the Corporation's 2016 fiscal year. The guidance did not have a material impact on the Corporation's financial statements.
The FASB issued ASU No. 2015-03, Interest - Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30) - Simplifying Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs in April 2015, which was further clarified by ASU No. 2015-15 in August 2015. The core principle of the ASUs is that an entity should present debt issuance costs as a direct deduction from the face amount of that debt in the balance sheet similar to the manner in which a debt discount or premium is presented, and not reflected as a deferred charge or deferred credit. The ASU requires additional disclosure about the nature of and reason for the change in accounting principle, the transition method, a description of the prior-period information that has been retrospectively adjusted and the effect of the change on the financial statement line item (that is, the debt issuance cost asset and the debt liability). Debt issuance costs related to line-of-credit arrangements can still be presented as assets and subsequently amortized. The Corporation adopted the guidance effective January 3, 2016, the beginning of the Corporation's 2016 fiscal year. The guidance did not have an impact on the Corporation's financial statements because all debt currently held is a line-of-credit arrangement.
Note 3. Restructuring and Impairment Charges
The Corporation recorded $10.5 million of restructuring costs in 2016 in connection with the previously announced closures of the Paris, Kentucky hearth manufacturing facility and the Orleans, Indiana office furniture manufacturing facility. Specific items incurred include severance and accelerated depreciation. Of these charges, $5.3 million were included in cost of sales. As of December 31, 2016, the estimated fair value of the Paris, Kentucky hearth manufacturing facility of $5.2 million was classified as held for sale and is included in "Prepaid expenses and other current assets" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The Corporation made the decision to exit a line of business within our hearth products segment during 2015. The Corporation incurred $0.9 million of restructuring charges as the result of this decision, of which $0.8 million were included in cost of sales. The Corporation also incurred $0.4 million of restructuring charges in 2015 related to office furniture closures announced in 2014 in the form of facility exit costs partially offset by lower than anticipated post employment costs.
During 2014, the Corporation made decisions to close three office furniture manufacturing facilities located in Florence, Alabama; Chicago, Illinois; and Nalagarh, India and consolidate production into existing office furniture manufacturing facilities. In connection with these decisions, the Corporation recorded $8.8 million of pre-tax charges in 2014, which included $5.2 million of accelerated depreciation on machinery and equipment recorded in cost of sales and $3.6 million of severance and facility exit costs which were recorded as restructuring charges during the year.
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The restructuring accrual is classified as current in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as it is expected to be paid out within the next twelve months. The following table summarizes the restructuring accrual activity since the beginning of fiscal 2014.

(In thousands) | Severance Costs |  | Facility Termination & Other Costs |  | Total
Restructuring reserve at December 28, 2013 |  | $49 |  |  |  | $6 |  |  |  | $55 |
Restructuring charges | 2,933 |  |  | 705 |  |  | 3,638 |
Cash payments | (1,769 | ) |  | (711 | ) |  | (2,480 | )
Restructuring reserve at January 3, 2015 |  | $1,213 |  |  | — |  |  |  | $1,213 |
Restructuring charges | (750 | ) |  | 1,255 |  |  | 505 |
Cash payments | (257 | ) |  | (1,240 | ) |  | (1,497 | )
Restructuring reserve at January 2, 2016 |  | $206 |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | $221 |
Restructuring charges | 3,883 |  |  | 1,346 |  |  | 5,229 |
Cash Payments | (1,385 | ) |  | (1,361 | ) |  | (2,746 | )
Restructuring reserve at December 31, 2016 |  | $2,704 |  |  | — |  |  |  | $2,704 |

The Corporation recorded $5.8 million, $11.2 million, and $29.4 million of goodwill and long-lived asset impairments in 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively. These charges were included in the “Restructuring and Impairment Charges” line item on the Consolidated Statements of Income. See Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets note to consolidated financial statements for more information.
Note 4. Acquisitions and Divestitures
On January 29, 2016, the Corporation acquired OFM, an office furniture company, with annual sales of approximately $30 million at a purchase price of $34.1 million, net of cash acquired, in an all cash transaction. The Corporation finalized the allocation of the purchase price during fourth quarter 2016. There were $15 million of intangible assets other than goodwill associated with this acquisition with estimated useful lives ranging from three to ten years with amortization recorded on a straight line basis based on the projected cash flow associated with the respective intangible assets. There was $14 million of goodwill associated with this acquisition. The goodwill is deductible for income tax purposes.
As part of the Corporation's ongoing business strategy, it continues to acquire and divest small office furniture dealerships. Goodwill increased approximately $2 million in 2016 as a result of this activity.
The Corporation completed the sale of Artcobell, a K-12 education furniture business, on December 31, 2016. A pre-tax non-cash charge of approximately $23 million and a $10 million long term note receivable, which is included on "Other Assets" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, were recorded in relation to the sale. Artcobell had been included as part of the Corporation's office furniture segment.
The Corporation completed the acquisition of Vermont Castings Group, a leading manufacturer of free-standing hearth stoves and fireplaces, as part of its hearth products segment on October 1, 2014 for a purchase price of $62.2 million in an all cash transaction. There were $24.9 million of intangible assets other than goodwill associated with this acquisition with estimated useful lives ranging from five to fifteen years with amortization recorded on a straight line basis based on the projected cash flow associated with the respective intangible assets' existing relationships. There was $17.0 million of goodwill associated with this acquisition assigned to the hearth products segment. The goodwill is not deductible for income tax purposes.
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Note 5. Supplemental Cash Flow Information
The Corporation's cash payments for interest and income taxes and non-cash investing and financing activities are as follows:

(In thousands) | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
Cash paid for: |  |  |  |  |
Interest paid (net of capitalized interest) |  | $6,644 |  |  |  | $7,066 |  |  |  | $8,301 |
Income taxes paid | 23,120 |  |  | 28,252 |  |  | 36,637 |
Changes in accrued expenses due to: |  |  |  |  |
Purchases of property and equipment | 3,599 |  |  | (327 | ) |  | 3,873 |
Purchases of capitalized software | 603 |  |  | (2,806 | ) |  | 2,183 |

Note 6. Inventories

(In thousands) | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
Finished products |  | $71,223 |  |  |  | $68,478 |
Materials and work in process | 71,375 |  |  | 81,860 |
LIFO reserve | (24,160 | ) |  | (25,110 | )
|  | $118,438 |  |  |  | $125,228 |

Note 7. Property, Plant, and Equipment

(In thousands) | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
Land and land improvements |  | $27,403 |  |  |  | $28,801 |
Buildings | 283,930 |  |  | 298,516 |
Machinery and equipment | 528,099 |  |  | 515,131 |
Construction and equipment installation in progress | 51,343 |  |  | 31,986 |
| 890,775 |  |  | 874,434 |
Less: accumulated depreciation | 534,330 |  |  | 533,275 |
|  | $356,445 |  |  |  | $341,159 |

Total depreciation expense was $57.2 million, $46.5 million and $46.1 million in 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
Note 8. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
As a result of the required annual impairment assessment performed in the fourth quarter of 2016, the Corporation determined the fair value of a reporting unit within the office furniture segment was below its carrying value. The decline in the estimated fair value of this reporting unit was largely driven by lower than expected operating performance in 2016. The projections used in the impairment model reflected management's assumptions regarding revenue growth rates, economic and market trends, cost structure, investments required for operational transformation and other expectations about the anticipated short-term and long-term operating results of the reporting unit. The Corporation assumed a discount rate of 14 percent, near term growth rates ranging from negative 25 percent to positive 9 percent and a terminal growth rate of 3 percent. Based on the two-step analysis, the Corporation recorded a $2.9 million goodwill impairment charge in 2016. There was $6.3 million net goodwill remaining in the reporting unit as of December 31, 2016. Holding other assumptions constant, a 100 basis point increase in the discount rate would result in a $2.9 million decrease in the estimated fair value of the reporting unit and a 100 basis point decrease in the long-term growth rate would result in a $1.2 million decrease in the estimated fair value of the reporting unit. Additionally, and prior to the goodwill impairment assessment, the Corporation tested the recoverability of the long-lived assets in that reporting unit other than goodwill, and found no impairments. The Corporation recorded an impairment charge of $2.9 million related to an indefinite-lived trade name. There was an $8.3 million net indefinite-lived trade name remaining in the reporting unit as of December 31, 2016. The Corporation assumed a royalty rate of 3 percent, near term growth rates ranging from 1 percent to 9 percent and a terminal growth rate of 3 percent. Holding other assumptions constant, a 50 basis point decrease in the royalty rate would result in a $1.7 million decrease in the estimated fair value of the intangible and a 50 basis point decrease in the terminal growth rate would result in a $0.1 million decrease in the estimated fair value of the intangible.
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Based on the results of the annual impairment tests, the Corporation concluded that no other goodwill impairment existed apart from the impairment charges discussed above. For all other reporting units included in the annual two-step impairment test except the two noted below, the estimated fair value is significantly in excess of carrying value.
For one of the office furniture reporting units that exceeded its carrying value by approximately 5 percent, the Corporation assumed a discount rate of 14 percent, near term growth rates ranging from 3 percent to 7 percent and a terminal growth rate of 3.0 percent. The fair value model assumes continued positive economic momentum and transformation of the reporting unit including sales and marketing initiatives, new product development and operational processes. Holding other assumptions constant, a 100 basis point increase in the discount rate would result in a $4.5 million decrease in the estimated fair value of the reporting unit and a 100 basis point decrease in the long-term growth rate would result in a $1.9 million decrease in the estimated fair value of the reporting unit. Both of these scenarios individually would result in the reporting unit failing step one. There is $24.5 million of goodwill associated with this reporting unit.
For the other office furniture reporting unit that exceeded its carrying value by approximately 18 percent, the Corporation assumed a discount rate of 16 percent, near term growth rates ranging from 4 percent to 20 percent and a terminal growth rate of 3 percent. The fair value model assumes continued positive economic momentum of the reporting unit including investments in sales, marketing and distribution, market growth and expansion in other channels. Holding other assumptions constant, a 100 basis point increase in the discount rate would result in a $3.2 million decrease in the estimated fair value of the reporting unit and a 100 basis point decrease in the long-term growth rate would result in a $1.1 million decrease in the estimated fair value of the reporting unit. Neither of these scenarios individually would result in the reporting unit failing step one. There is $14.1 million of goodwill associated with this reporting unit.
The Corporation also owns certain trademarks and trade names having a carrying value of $38.1 million as of December 31, 2016, and $41.0 million as of January 2, 2016. These trademarks and trade names are deemed to have indefinite useful lives because they are expected to generate cash flows indefinitely. As a result of the review performed in the fourth quarter of 2016, the Corporation recorded an impairment charge of $2.9 million to adjust the trade name associated with a small office furniture reporting unit to fair market value as discussed above.
The table below summarizes amortizable definite-lived intangible assets, which are reflected in Other Assets in the Corporation’s Consolidated Balance Sheets:

|  | December 31, 2016 |  | January 2, 2016
(In thousands) |  | Gross |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net |  | Gross |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net
Patents |  |  | $18,645 |  |  |  | $18,623 |  |  |  | $22 |  |  |  | $18,645 |  |  |  | $18,615 |  |  |  | $30 |
Software |  | 149,587 |  |  | 25,792 |  |  | 123,795 |  |  | 122,892 |  |  | 21,193 |  |  | 101,699 |
Trademarks and trade names |  | 7,564 |  |  | 1,401 |  |  | 6,163 |  |  | 6,564 |  |  | 753 |  |  | 5,811 |
Customer lists and other |  | 117,789 |  |  | 65,103 |  |  | 52,686 |  |  | 105,586 |  |  | 60,063 |  |  | 45,523 |
Net definite lived intangible assets |  |  | $293,585 |  |  |  | $110,919 |  |  |  | $182,666 |  |  |  | $253,687 |  |  |  | $100,624 |  |  |  | $153,063 |

Amortization expense for capitalized software for 2016, 2015 and 2014, was $4.7 million, $3.5 million and $3.3 million, respectively. Amortization expense for all other definite-lived intangibles for 2016, 2015 and 2014, was $7.1 million, $7.6 million and $7.2 million, respectively. All amortization expense was recorded in Selling and Administrative Expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income. Based on the current amount of intangible assets subject to amortization, the estimated amortization expense for each of the following five fiscal years is as follows:

(in millions) | 2017 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2021 |
Amortization expense |  | $16.7 |  |  |  | $21.5 |  |  |  | $20.5 |  |  |  | $19.7 |  |  |  | $19.6 |

The occurrence of events such as acquisitions, dispositions or impairments in the future may result in changes to amounts.
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The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill since January 3, 2015, are as follows by reporting segment:

(In thousands) | Office Furniture |  | Hearth Products |  | Total
Balance as of January 3, 2015 |  |  |  |  |
Goodwill | $ | 149,713 |  |  | $ | 181,901 |  |  | $ | 331,614 |
Accumulated impairment losses | (52,161 | ) |  | (143 | ) |  | (52,304 | )
| 97,552 |  |  | 181,758 |  |  | 279,310 |
Goodwill acquired during the year | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Impairment losses | (2,963 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2,963 | )
Final purchase price allocations/contingent payments from prior year acquisitions | — |  |  | 1,298 |  |  | 1,298 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |
Balance as of January 2, 2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Goodwill | 149,718 |  |  | 183,199 |  |  | 332,917 |
Accumulated impairment losses | (55,124 | ) |  | (143 | ) |  | (55,267 | )
| 94,594 |  |  | 183,056 |  |  | 277,650 |
Goodwill acquired during the year | 15,928 |  |  | — |  |  | 15,928 |
Impairment losses | (2,876 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2,876 | )
Foreign currency translation adjustment | (3 | ) |  | — |  |  | (3 | )
Balance as of December 31, 2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Goodwill | 165,643 |  |  | 183,199 |  |  | 348,842 |
Accumulated impairment losses | (58,000 | ) |  | (143 | ) |  | (58,143 | )
| $ | 107,643 |  |  | $ | 183,056 |  |  | $ | 290,699 |

The goodwill increases relate to acquisitions completed. See the Acquisitions and Divestitures note. The decreases in goodwill in the office furniture segment in 2015 and 2016 were due to the impairment charges described above.
Note 9. Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses

(In thousands) | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
Trade accounts payable |  | $201,810 |  |  |  | $197,579 |
Compensation | 47,280 |  |  | 43,380 |
Profit sharing and retirement expense | 32,335 |  |  | 29,089 |
Marketing expenses | 41,963 |  |  | 35,969 |
Freight | 14,251 |  |  | 16,384 |
Other accrued expenses | 87,407 |  |  | 102,004 |
|  | $425,046 |  |  |  | $424,405 |

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Note 10. Long-Term Debt

(In thousands) | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
Note payable to bank, revolving credit facility with interest at a variable rate (2016 - 1.8%; 2015 - 1.5%) |  | $214,000 |  |  |  | $40,300 |
Senior notes paid off April 2016 with interest at a fixed rate of 5.54% per annum. | — |  |  | 150,000 |
Other notes and amounts | 17 |  |  | 177 |
Total debt | 214,017 |  |  | 190,477 |
Less: current portion | 34,017 |  |  | 5,477 |
Long-term debt |  | $180,000 |  |  |  | $185,000 |

Aggregate maturities of long-term debt are as follows:
(In thousands) |
2017 |  | $34,017 |
2018 | — |
2019 | — |
2020 | — |
2021 | 180,000 |
Thereafter | — |

The carrying value of the Corporation's outstanding variable-rate, long-term debt obligations at December 31, 2016 and January 2, 2016 was $214 million and $40 million, respectively, which approximated fair value. The Corporation paid off its outstanding fixed-rate, long-term debt obligation on April 6, 2016 with revolving credit facility borrowings. The value of these senior notes was estimated based on a discounted cash flow method (Level 2) to be $148 million at January 2, 2016 compared to the carrying value of $150 million.
The Corporation, certain domestic subsidiaries of the Corporation, the lenders and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent, entered into the First Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the "Credit Agreement") on January 6, 2016. The Credit Agreement amends the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of June 9, 2015.
The Credit Agreement was amended to increase the revolving commitment of the lenders from $250 million to $400 million (while retaining the Corporation's option under the Credit Agreement to increase its borrowing capacity by an additional $150 million) in order to provide funding for the payoff of its maturing senior notes on April 6, 2016 and to extend the maturity date of the Credit Agreement from June 2020 to January 2021. The Corporation deferred the debt issuance costs related to the Credit Agreement, which were classified as assets, and is amortizing them over the term of the Credit Agreement.
As of December 31, 2016, there was $214 million outstanding under the $400 million revolving credit facility of which $180 million was classified as long-term since the Corporation does not expect to repay the borrowings within a year. Because the Corporation expects, but is not required, to repay the remaining $34 million in 2017, it is classified as current.
The revolving credit facility under the Credit Agreement is the primary source of committed funding from which the Corporation finances its planned capital expenditures and strategic initiatives, such as acquisitions, repurchases of common stock and certain working capital needs. Non-compliance with the various financial covenant ratios in the Credit Agreement could prevent the Corporation from being able to access further borrowings under the revolving credit facility, require immediate repayment of all amounts outstanding with respect to the revolving credit facility and/or increase the cost of borrowing.
The Credit Agreement contains a number of covenants, including covenants requiring maintenance of the following financial ratios as of the end of any fiscal quarter:

• | a consolidated interest coverage ratio of not less than 4.0 to 1.0, based upon the ratio of (a) consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the Credit Agreement) for the last four fiscal quarters to (b) the sum of consolidated interest charges; and

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• | a consolidated leverage ratio of not greater than 3.5 to 1.0, based upon the ratio of (a) the quarter-end consolidated funded indebtedness (as defined in the Credit Agreement) to (b) consolidated EBITDA for the last four fiscal quarters.

The most restrictive of the financial covenants is the consolidated leverage ratio requirement of 3.5 to 1.0 included in the Credit Agreement. Under the Credit Agreement, consolidated EBITDA is defined as consolidated net income before interest expense, income taxes and depreciation and amortization of intangibles, as well as non-cash, nonrecurring charges and all non-cash items increasing net income. On December 31, 2016, the Corporation was well below the maximum allowable ratio and was in compliance with all of the covenants and other restrictions in the Credit Agreement. The Corporation expects to remain in compliance over the next twelve months.
In March 2016, the Corporation entered in to an interest rate swap transaction to hedge $150 million of outstanding variable rate revolver borrowings against future interest rate volatility. Under the terms of the interest rate swap, the Corporation pays a fixed rate of 1.29 percent and receives one month LIBOR on a $150 million notational value expiring January 2021. As of December 31, 2016, the fair value of the Corporation's interest rate swap was a net asset of $2.3 million reported net of tax as $1.5 million in accumulated other comprehensive income.
Note 11. Income Taxes
Significant components of the provision for income taxes including those related to non-controlling interest are as follows:

(In thousands) | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
Current: |  |  |  |  |
Federal |  | $18,963 |  |  |  | $27,768 |  |  |  | $22,738 |
State | 3,740 |  |  | 5,258 |  |  | 4,623 |
Foreign | 1,450 |  |  | 1,713 |  |  | 972 |
Current provision | 24,153 |  |  | 34,739 |  |  | 28,333 |
Deferred: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal | 18,167 |  |  | 15,348 |  |  | 13,692 |
State | 2,533 |  |  | 2,217 |  |  | 2,013 |
Foreign | (1,580 | ) |  | (540 | ) |  | (262 | )
Deferred provision | 19,120 |  |  | 17,025 |  |  | 15,443 |
Total income tax expense |  | $43,273 |  |  |  | $51,764 |  |  |  | $43,776 |

The differences between the actual tax expense and tax expense computed at the statutory U.S. Federal tax rate are explained as follows:

| 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
Federal statutory tax expense |  | $45,098 |  |  |  | $55,020 |  |  |  | $36,836 |
State taxes, net of federal tax effect | 3,874 |  |  | 4,269 |  |  | 4,118 |
Credit for increasing research activities | (3,808 | ) |  | (3,320 | ) |  | (2,569 | )
Deduction related to domestic production activities | (2,243 | ) |  | (3,320 | ) |  | (1,751 | )
Valuation allowance | 231 |  |  | 565 |  |  | 2,474 |
Goodwill Impairment | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,298 |
Change in uncertain tax positions | 117 |  |  | (1,344 | ) |  | 1,099 |
Other – net | 4 |  |  | (106 | ) |  | (729 | )
Total income tax expense |  | $43,273 |  |  |  | $51,764 |  |  |  | $43,776 |

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes.
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Significant components of the Corporation’s deferred tax liabilities and assets are as follows:

(In thousands) | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
Deferred Taxes |  |  |
Allowance for doubtful accounts |  | $495 |  |  |  | $1,089 |
Compensation | 16,684 |  |  | 15,491 |
Inventory differences | 3,977 |  |  | 4,497 |
Marketing accrual | 1,458 |  |  | 1,355 |
Stock-based compensation | 11,607 |  |  | 11,923 |
Accrued post-retirement benefit obligations | 10,106 |  |  | 9,851 |
Vacation accrual | 4,153 |  |  | 4,181 |
Warranty accrual | 5,725 |  |  | 6,052 |
Other – net | 13,044 |  |  | 12,167 |
Total deferred tax assets |  | $67,249 |  |  |  | $66,606 |
Deferred income | (5,716 | ) |  | (4,907 | )
Goodwill and other intangible assets | (87,146 | ) |  | (79,471 | )
Prepaids | (9,271 | ) |  | (7,876 | )
Tax over book depreciation | (70,946 | ) |  | (59,308 | )
Total deferred tax liabilities |  | ($173,079 | ) |  |  | ($151,562 | )
Valuation allowance | (4,159 | ) |  | (3,978 | )
Total net deferred tax liabilities |  | ($109,989 | ) |  |  | ($88,934 | )
Long term net deferred tax assets | 719 |  |  | — |
Long term net deferred tax liabilities | (110,708 | ) |  | (88,934 | )
Total net deferred tax liabilities |  | ($109,989 | ) |  |  | ($88,934 | )

The valuation allowance for deferred tax assets is as follows:

Valuation allowance for deferred tax asset (in thousands) | Balance at beginning of period |  | Charged to expenses |  | Adjustments to balance sheet |  | Balance at end of period
Year ended December 31, 2016 |  | $3,978 |  |  | 231 |  |  |  | ($50 | ) |  |  | $4,159 |
Year ended January 2, 2016 |  | $3,413 |  |  | 565 |  |  | — |  |  |  | $3,978 |
Year ended January 3, 2015 |  | $1,579 |  |  |  | $2,474 |  |  |  | ($640 | ) |  |  | $3,413 |

At December 31, 2016, the Corporation has approximately $0.1 million of U.S. state tax net operating losses and $2.0 million of U.S. state tax credits which expire over the next twenty years.
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

(in thousands) | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
Unrecognized tax benefits, beginning of period |  | $2,858 |  |  |  | $4,250 |
Increases in positions taken in a prior period | 86 |  |  | 82 |
Decreases in positions taken in a prior period | — |  |  | (1,611 | )
New positions taken in a current period | 792 |  |  | 793 |
Decrease due to settlements | (560 | ) |  | — |
Decrease due to lapse of statute of limitations | (133 | ) |  | (656 | )
Unrecognized tax benefits, end of period |  | $3,043 |  |  |  | $2,858 |

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The amount of unrecognized tax benefits which would impact the Corporation’s effective tax rate, if recognized, was $3.0 million at December 31, 2016 and $2.8 million at January 2, 2016.
As of December 31, 2016, it is reasonably possible the amount of unrecognized tax benefits may increase or decrease within the twelve months following the reporting date. These increases or decreases in the unrecognized tax benefits would be due to new positions that may be taken on income tax returns, settlement of tax positions and the closing of statutes of limitation. It is not expected any of the changes will be material individually or in total to the results or financial position of the Corporation.
The Corporation recognized interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in interest expense and penalties in operating expenses consistent with the recognition of these items in prior reporting. Interest and penalties recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income amounted to a detriment of $0.1 million, a benefit of $0.1 million and $0.0 million in the years ended December 31, 2016, January 2, 2016 and January 3, 2015, respectively. The Corporation had recorded a liability for interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits of $0.2 million and $0.1 million as of December 31, 2016 and January 2, 2016, respectively.
Tax years 2013 through 2016 remain open for examination by the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS"). The Corporation is currently under examination for the 2014 federal tax return and in various state jurisdictions, of which years 2012 through 2016 remain open to examination.
Deferred income taxes are provided to reflect differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements. The Corporation provides for taxes that may be payable if undistributed earnings of overseas subsidiaries were to be remitted to the United States, except for those earnings it considers to be permanently reinvested. There were approximately $32.4 million of accumulated earnings considered permanently reinvested in Canada, China, and Hong Kong as of December 31, 2016. The Corporation believes the U.S tax cost on unremitted foreign earnings would be approximately $9.6 million if the amounts were not considered permanently reinvested.
Note 12. Fair Value Measurements of Financial Instruments
For recognition purposes, on a recurring basis, the Corporation is required to measure at fair value its marketable securities. The marketable securities are comprised of investments in government securities and corporate bonds. When available, the Corporation uses quoted market prices to determine fair value and classifies such measurements within Level 1. In some cases, where market prices are not available, the Corporation makes use of observable market based inputs (prices or quotes from published exchanges/indexes) to calculate fair value using the market approach, in which case the measurements are classified within Level 2.
Assets measured at fair value for the year ended December 31, 2016 were as follows:

(in thousands) | Fair value as of measurement date |  | Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1) |  | Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)
Government securities |  | $6,268 |  |  | — |  |  |  | $6,268 |  |  | — |
Corporate bonds |  | $6,017 |  |  | — |  |  |  | $6,017 |  |  | — |
Derivative financial instruments |  | $2,309 |  |  | — |  |  |  | $2,309 |  |  | — |

Assets measured at fair value for the year ended January 2, 2016 were as follows:

(in thousands) | Fair value as of measurement date |  | Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1) |  | Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)
Government securities |  | $9,663 |  |  | — |  |  |  | $9,663 |  |  | — |
Corporate bonds |  | $2,405 |  |  | — |  |  |  | $2,405 |  |  | — |
Derivative financial instruments |  | ($1,252 | ) |  | — |  |  |  | ($1,252 | ) |  | — |

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Note 13. Shareholders’ Equity

| 2016 | 2015
Common Stock, $1 Par Value |  |
Authorized | 200,000,000 |  | 200,000,000 |
Issued and outstanding | 44,078,782 |  | 44,158,256 |
Preferred Stock, $1 Par Value |  |  |  |
Authorized | 2,000,000 |  | 2,000,000 |
Issued and outstanding | — |  | — |

The Corporation purchased 1,082,938, 550,000, and 1,665,850 shares of its common stock during 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The par value method of accounting is used for common stock repurchases.
The following table summarizes the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income loss:

(in thousands) | Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment |  | Unrealized Gains Losses) on Marketable Securities |  | Pension and Post-retirement Liabilities |  | Derivative Financial Instruments |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Balance at December 28, 2013 |  | $2,913 |  |  |  | $81 |  |  |  | ($2,140 | ) |  |  | $111 |  |  |  | $965 |
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications | (690 | ) |  | (67 | ) |  | (7,280 | ) |  | (1,728 | ) |  | (9,765 | )
Tax (expense) or benefit | — |  |  | 23 |  |  | 2,657 |  |  | 631 |  |  | 3,311 |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 114 |  |  | 114 |
Balance at January 3, 2015 | 2,223 |  |  | 37 |  |  | (6,763 | ) |  | (872 | ) |  | (5,375 | )
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications | (1,901 | ) |  | (60 | ) |  | 1,975 |  |  | (1,188 | ) |  | (1,174 | )
Tax (expense) or benefit | — |  |  | 21 |  |  | (718 | ) |  | 433 |  |  | (264 | )
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,627 |  |  | 1,627 |
Balance at January 2, 2016 | 322 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | (5,506 | ) |  | — |  |  | (5,186 | )
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications | (1,510 | ) |  | (158 | ) |  | 499 |  |  | 1,317 |  |  | 148 |
Tax (expense) or benefit | — |  |  | 55 |  |  | (160 | ) |  | (485 | ) |  | (590 | )
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 628 |  |  | 628 |
Balance at December 31, 2016 |  | ($1,188 | ) |  |  | ($105 | ) |  |  | ($5,167 | ) |  |  | $1,460 |  |  |  | ($5,000 | )

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The following table details the reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended January 2, 2016 and December 31, 2016 (in thousands):

Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Components | Affected Line Item in the Statement Where Net Income is Presented |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
Derivative financial instruments |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swap | Interest income or (expense) |  |  | ($993 | ) |  | — |
| Tax (expense) or benefit |  | 365 |  |  | — |
| Net of Tax |  |  | ($628 | ) |  | — |
Diesel hedge | Selling and administrative expenses |  | — |  |  |  | ($2,562 | )
| Tax (expense) or benefit |  | — |  |  | 935 |
| Net of tax |  | — |  |  |  | ($1,627 | )
Net |  |  |  | ($628 | ) |  |  | ($1,627 | )

The Corporation determined in fourth quarter 2015 that the qualifications for hedge accounting treatment on the diesel hedge derivative financial instruments were not met and reversed $1.3 million recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income as a reduction to net income.
In May 2007, the Corporation registered 300,000 shares of its common stock under its 2007 Equity Plan for Non-Employee Directors of HNI Corporation, as amended (the “Director Plan”). The Director Plan permits the Corporation to issue to its non-employee directors options to purchase shares of Corporation common stock, restricted stock or restricted stock units of the Corporation and awards of Corporation common stock. The Director Plan also permits non-employee directors to elect to receive all or a portion of their annual retainers and other compensation in the form of shares of Corporation common stock. During 2016, 2015, and 2014, 24,352; 20,146; and 27,272 shares, respectively, of Corporation common stock were issued under the Director Plan.
Cash dividends declared and paid per share for each year are:

(In dollars) | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014 |
Common shares |  | $1.090 |  |  | $1.045 |  |  | $0.990 |

During 2007, shareholders approved the 2002 Members’ Stock Purchase Plan (the "Purchase Plan"), as amended January 1, 2007. Under the plan, 800,000 shares of common stock were initially registered for issuance to participating members. On June 12, 2009, an additional 1,000,000 shares of common stock were registered for issuance to participating members. Beginning on June 30, 2002, rights to purchase stock are granted on a quarterly basis to all participating members who customarily work 20 hours or more per week and for five months or more in any calendar year. The price of the stock purchased under the Purchase Plan is 85 percent of the closing price on the exercise date. No member may purchase stock under the Purchase Plan in an amount which exceeds a maximum fair value of $25,000 in any calendar year. During 2016, 75,098 shares of common stock were issued under the Purchase Plan at an average price of $31.11. During 2015, 73,874 shares of common stock were issued under the plan at an average price of $32.18. During 2014, 84,065 shares of common stock were issued under the Purchase Plan at an average price of $27.92. An additional 298,170 shares were available for issuance under the Purchase Plan at December 31, 2016.
The Corporation has entered into change in control employment agreements with certain officers. According to the agreements, a change in control occurs when a third person or entity becomes the beneficial owner of 20 percent or more of the Corporation’s common stock, when more than one-third of the Board is composed of persons not recommended by at least three-fourths of the incumbent Board, upon certain business combinations involving the Corporation or upon approval by the Corporation’s shareholders of a complete liquidation or dissolution. Upon a change in control, a key member is deemed to have a two-year employment agreement with the Corporation, and all of his or her benefits vest under the Corporation’s compensation plans. If, at any time within two years of the change in control, his or her employment is terminated by the Corporation for any reason other than cause or disability, or by the key member for good reason, as such terms are defined in the agreement, then the key member is entitled to receive, among other benefits, a severance payment equal to two times (three times for the Corporation’s Chairman, President and CEO) annual salary and the average of the prior two years’ bonuses.
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Note 14. Stock-Based Compensation
Under the Corporation’s 2007 Stock-Based Compensation Plan (the “Plan”), effective May 8, 2007, as amended, the Corporation may award options to purchase shares of the Corporation’s common stock and grant other stock awards to executives, managers and key personnel. Upon shareholder approval of the Plan in May 2007, no future awards were granted under the Corporation’s 1995 Stock-Based Compensation Plan, but all outstanding awards previously granted under that plan shall remain outstanding in accordance with their terms. As of December 31, 2016, there were approximately 2.8 million shares available for future issuance under the Plan. The Plan is administered by the Human Resources and Compensation Committee of the Board. Restricted stock units awarded under the Plan are expensed ratably over the vesting period of the awards. Stock options awarded to members under the Plan must be at exercise prices equal to or exceeding the fair market value of the Corporation’s common stock on the date of grant. Stock options are generally subject to four-year cliff vesting and must be exercised within 10 years from the date of grant.
The Corporation measures the cost of employee services in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of the award and recognizes cost over the requisite service period.
Compensation cost charged against operations for the Plan and Purchase Plan described in Note 13 of the consolidated financial statements was $8.1 million, $9.1 million and $8.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, January 2, 2016 and January 3, 2015, respectively. The total income tax benefit recognized in the income statement for share-based compensation arrangements was $2.8 million, $3.1 million and $3.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, January 2, 2016 and January 3, 2015, respectively.
The stock compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2016, January 2, 2016 and January 3, 2015, was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions by grant year:

| Year Ended Dec 31, 2016 |  | Year Ended Jan 2, 2016 |  | Year Ended Jan 3, 2015
Expected term | 6 years |  |  | 6 years |  |  | 5 years |
Expected volatility: |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average | 38.96 | % |  | 43.54 | % |  | 42.49 | %
Expected dividend yield: |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average | 3.30 | % |  | 1.94 | % |  | 2.76 | %
Risk-free interest rate: |  |  |  |  |
Range used | 1.41 | % |  | 1.69 | % |  | 1.54 | %

Expected volatilities were based on historical volatility as the Corporation does not feel that future volatility over the expected term of the options is likely to differ from the past. The Corporation used a calculation method based on daily frequency for the prior six years for 2016 and 2015 and a simple-average calculation method based on monthly frequency points for the prior five years for 2014. The Corporation used the current dividend yield in all years as there are no plans to substantially increase or decrease its dividends. The Corporation used historical exercise experience in all years to determine the expected term. The risk-free interest rate was selected based on yields from treasury securities as published by the Federal Reserve equal to the expected term of the options being valued for 2016 and 2015 and yields from U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with a remaining term equal to the expected term of the options being valued for 2014.
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The following table summarizes the changes in outstanding stock options since the beginning of fiscal 2014.

| Number of Shares |  |  | Weighted-Average Exercise Price |
Outstanding at December 28, 2013 | 3,630,567 |  |  |  | $29.94 |
Granted | 536,275 |  |  | 34.78 |
Exercised | (542,837 | ) |  | 28.53 |
Forfeited or Expired | (288,560 | ) |  | 38.55 |
Outstanding at January 3, 2015 | 3,335,445 |  |  |  | $29.93 |
Granted | 350,038 |  |  | 51.54 |
Exercised | (302,635 | ) |  | 30.22 |
Forfeited or Expired | (24,525 | ) |  | 39.14 |
Outstanding at January 2, 2016 | 3,358,323 |  |  |  | $32.09 |
Granted | 877,277 |  |  | 32.18 |
Exercised | (609,663 | ) |  | 30.52 |
Forfeited or Expired | (121,602 | ) |  | 52.24 |
Outstanding at December 31, 2016 | 3,504,335 |  |  |  | $31.68 |

A summary of the Corporation’s non-vested stock options as of December 31, 2016 and changes during the year are presented below:

Non-vested Stock Options | Shares |  | Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Non-vested at January 2, 2016 | 2,138,724 |  |  |  | $11.18 |
Granted | 877,277 |  |  | 8.80 |
Vested | (820,915 | ) |  | 8.78 |
Forfeited | (32,929 | ) |  | 11.74 |
Non-vested at December 31, 2016 | 2,162,157 |  |  |  | $11.12 |

At December 31, 2016, there was $3.3 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock option awards, which the Corporation expects to recognize over a weighted-average period of 1.3 years. Information about stock options expected to vest or currently exercisable at December 31, 2016, is as follows:

Options | Number |  |  | Weighted-Average Exercise Price |  | Weighted-Average Remaining Life in Years |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value ($000s)
Expected to vest | 2,049,938 |  |  |  | $35.48 |  |  | 7.7 |  |  | $41,893 |
Exercisable | 1,342,178 |  |  |  | $25.50 |  |  | 4.0 |  |  | $40,827 |

The weighted-average grant-date fair value of options granted was $8.80, $18.45 and $10.48, for 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Other information for the last three years is as follows:

(In thousands) | Dec. 31, 2016 |  | Jan. 2, 2016 |  | Jan. 3, 2015
Total fair value of shares vested |  | $7,206 |  |  |  | $5,554 |  |  |  | $5,735 |
Total intrinsic value of options exercised | 11,985 |  |  | 6,412 |  |  | 8,389 |
Cash received from exercise of stock options | 18,609 |  |  | 9,145 |  |  | 15,489 |
Tax benefit realized from exercise of stock options | 4,142 |  |  | 2,111 |  |  | 2,982 |

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The Corporation has occasionally issued restricted stock units (“RSUs”) to executives, managers and key personnel. The RSUs vest at the end of three years after the grant date. No dividends are accrued on the RSUs. The share-based compensation expense associated with the RSUs is based on the quoted market price of HNI Corporation shares on the date of grant less the discounted present value of dividends not received on the shares and is amortized using the straight-line method from the grant date through the vesting date.
The following table summarizes the changes in outstanding RSUs since the beginning of fiscal 2014:

| Number of Shares |  | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at December 28, 2013 | 24,526 |  |  |  | $23.01 |
Granted | 15,500 |  |  | 32.23 |
Vested | (14,000 | ) |  | 21.47 |
Forfeited | — |  |  | — |
Outstanding at January 3, 2015 | 26,026 |  |  |  | $27.76 |
Granted | 23,000 |  |  | 51.54 |
Vested | (10,526 | ) |  | 21.19 |
Forfeited | — |  |  | — |
Outstanding at January 2, 2016 | 38,500 |  |  |  | $43.77 |
Granted | 25,000 |  |  | 32.06 |
Vested | — |  |  | — |
Forfeited | (3,000 | ) |  | 51.54 |
Outstanding at December 31, 2016 | 60,500 |  |  |  | $38.54 |

At December 31, 2016, there was $1.0 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to RSUs which the Corporation expects to recognize over a weighted-average period of 1.0 year. The total value of shares vested in 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $0.0 million, $0.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively.
As of December 31, 2016 the Corporation had $16.0 million of deferred compensation of which $0.9 million was recorded in "Current maturities of other long-term obligations" and $15.1 million was recorded in "Other long-term liabilities" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, with $10.6 million of the total fair-market valued based on the price increase or decrease of common stock on a quarterly basis. As of January 2, 2016 the Corporation had $13.2 million of deferred compensation of which $0.4 million was recorded in "Current maturities of other long-term obligations" and $12.8 million was recorded in "Other long-term liabilities" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, with $9.1 million of the total fair-market valued based on the price increase or decrease of common stock on a quarterly basis.
Note 15. Retirement Benefits
The Corporation has defined contribution profit-sharing plans covering substantially all employees who are not participants in certain defined benefit plans. The Corporation’s annual contribution to the defined contribution plans is based on employee eligible earnings and results of operations and amounted to $32.5 million, $29.1 million, and $26.8 million, in 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively. A portion of the annual contribution is in the form of common stock of the Corporation. The amount of the stock contribution was $7.2 million, $6.8 million, and $6.4 million in 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively.
The Corporation sponsors a defined benefit plan which covers a limited number of former salaried and hourly members. The Corporation’s funding policy is generally to contribute annually the minimum actuarially computed amount. Net pension costs relating to these plans were $376,000, $281,000 and $167,000, in 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The actuarial present value of obligations, less related plan assets at fair value, is not significant.
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Note 16. Post-Retirement Health Care
Guidance on employers’ accounting for other post-retirement plans requires recognition of the overfunded or underfunded status on the balance sheet. Under this guidance, gains and losses, prior services costs and credits and any remaining transition amounts under previous guidance not yet recognized through net periodic benefit cost are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax effects, until they are amortized as a component of net periodic benefit cost. Also, the measurement date – the date at which the benefit obligation and plan assets are measured – is required to be the Corporation’s fiscal year-end.

(In thousands) | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
Change in benefit obligation |  |  |
Benefit obligation at beginning of year |  | $20,884 |  |  |  | $21,972 |
Service cost | 735 |  |  | 803 |
Interest cost | 846 |  |  | 816 |
Benefits paid | (1,017 | ) |  | (1,009 | )
Actuarial (gain)/loss | (295 | ) |  | (1,698 | )
Benefit obligation at end of year |  | $21,153 |  |  |  | $20,884 |
Change in plan assets |  |  |  |  |
Fair value at beginning of year | — |  |  | — |
Actual return on assets | — |  |  | — |
Employer contribution | 1,017 |  |  | 1,009 |
Transferred out | — |  |  | — |
Benefits paid | (1,017 | ) |  | (1,009 | )
Fair value at end of year | — |  |  | — |
Funded Status of Plan |  | ($21,153 | ) |  |  | ($20,884 | )
Amounts recognized in the Statement of Financial Position consist of: |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities |  | $1,034 |  |  |  | $1,014 |
Noncurrent liabilities |  | $20,119 |  |  |  | $19,870 |
Amounts recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (before tax) consist of: |  |  |  |  |
Actuarial (gain)/loss |  | $2,373 |  |  |  | $2,730 |
Change in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (before tax): |  |  |  |  |
Amount disclosed at beginning of year |  | $2,730 |  |  |  | $4,665 |
Actuarial (gain)/loss | (295 | ) |  | (1,698 | )
Amortization of transition amount | (62 | ) |  | (237 | )
Amount disclosed at end of year |  | $2,373 |  |  |  | $2,730 |

Estimated Future Benefit Payments (In thousands)
Fiscal 2017 | $ | 1,034 |
Fiscal 2018 | 1,025 |
Fiscal 2019 | 1,036 |
Fiscal 2020 | 1,060 |
Fiscal 2021 | 1,083 |
Fiscal 2022 – 2026 | 6,013 |
Expected Contributions During Fiscal 2017 |  |
Total | $ | 1,034 |

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The discount rates at fiscal year-end 2016, 2015 and 2014, were 4.0 percent, 4.2 percent and 3.8 percent, respectively. The Corporation's payment for these benefits has reached the maximum amounts per the plan; therefore, healthcare trend rates have no impact on the Corporation’s cost. There were no funds designated as plan assets.

Components of Net Periodic Post-Retirement Benefit Cost (in thousands) | 2017 |
Service cost | $ | 742 |
Interest cost | 825 |
Amortization of net (gain)/loss | 25 |
Net periodic post-retirement benefit cost/(income) | $ | 1,592 |

A discount rate of 4.0 percent was used to determine net periodic benefit cost for 2017. The discount rate is set at the measurement date to reflect the yield of a portfolio of high quality, fixed income debt instruments. There are no plan assets invested.
Note 17. Leases
The Corporation leases certain showrooms, office space, warehouse and plant facilities and equipment. Commitments for minimum rentals under non-cancelable leases at the end of 2016 are as follows:

(In thousands) |  | Operating Leases |
2017 |  |  | $27,671 |
2018 |  | 20,678 |
2019 |  | 14,780 |
2020 |  | 10,149 |
2021 |  | 7,813 |
Thereafter |  | 13,535 |
Total minimum lease payments |  |  | $94,626 |

There are no capitalized leases at December 31, 2016 and January 2, 2016.
Rent expense for the years 2016, 2015 and 2014, amounted to approximately $33.5 million, $34.0 million and $48.0 million, respectively. There was no contingent rent expense under either capitalized or operating leases for the years 2016, 2015, and 2014.
Note 18. Guarantees, Commitments and Contingencies
The Corporation utilizes letters of credit in the amount of $9 million to back certain financing instruments, insurance policies and payment obligations. The Corporation utilizes trade letters of credit and bankers' acceptances in the amount of $4 million to guarantee certain payments to overseas suppliers. The letters of credit reflect fair value as a condition of their underlying purpose and are subject to fees competitively determined.
Withdrawal Liability From Multi-employer Pension
On February 2, 2017, the Corporation was notified of a withdrawal liability from a multi-employer pension fund associated with a business sold by the Corporation as a going concern in 2013. The business subsequently ceased operations, triggering the liability for which it was responsible. The trustee of the pension fund has asserted a claim against the Corporation as a prior indirect owner of the business. The Corporation has not recorded any liability associated with this claim because it believes the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome is neither probable nor remote. The Corporation believes it has strong legal and factual defenses, and intends to vigorously defend itself against this claim.
Other Litigation
The Corporation is involved in various kinds of disputes and legal proceedings that have arisen in the course of its business, including pending litigation, environmental remediation, taxes and other claims. It is the Corporation’s opinion, after consultation with legal counsel, that additional liabilities, if any, resulting from these matters are not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s quarterly or annual operating results and cash flows when resolved in a future period.
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Note 19. Reportable Segment Information
Management views the Corporation as being in two reportable segments based on industries: office furniture and hearth products, with the former being the principal segment. The aggregated office furniture segment manufactures and markets a broad line of metal and wood commercial and home office furniture which includes storage products, desks, credenzas, chairs, tables, bookcases, freestanding office partitions and panel systems and other related products. The hearth products segment manufactures and markets a broad line of gas, electric, wood and biomass burning fireplaces, inserts, stoves, facings and accessories, principally for the home.
For purposes of segment reporting, intercompany sales transfers between segments are not material, and operating profit is income before income taxes exclusive of certain unallocated corporate expenses. These unallocated corporate expenses include the net costs of the Corporation’s corporate operations, interest income and interest expense. Management views interest income and expense as corporate financing costs and not as a reportable segment cost. In addition, management applies an effective income tax rate to its consolidated income before income taxes so income taxes are not reported or viewed internally on a segment basis. Identifiable assets by segment are those assets applicable to the respective industry segments. Corporate assets consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, long-term investments and corporate office real estate and related equipment.
No geographic information for revenues from external customers or for long-lived assets is disclosed since the Corporation’s primary market and capital investments are concentrated in the United States.
Reportable segment data reconciled to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended 2016, 2015, and 2014, is as follows for continuing operations:

(In thousands) | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
Net sales: |  |  |  |  |
Office furniture | $ | 1,703,885 |  |  | $ | 1,777,804 |  |  | $ | 1,739,049 |
Hearth products | 499,604 |  |  | 526,615 |  |  | 483,646 |
| $ | 2,203,489 |  |  | $ | 2,304,419 |  |  | $ | 2,222,695 |
Operating profit: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Office furniture (a) | $ | 117,397 |  |  | $ | 136,593 |  |  | $ | 87,053 |
Hearth products (b) | 69,960 |  |  | 78,162 |  |  | 77,066 |
Total operating profit | 187,357 |  |  | 214,755 |  |  | 164,119 |
Unallocated corporate expenses | (58,446 | ) |  | (57,585 | ) |  | (59,188 | )
Income (loss) before income taxes | $ | 128,911 |  |  | $ | 157,170 |  |  | $ | 104,931 |
Depreciation and amortization expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Office furniture | $ | 45,088 |  |  | $ | 42,415 |  |  | $ | 45,891 |
Hearth products | 12,486 |  |  | 8,430 |  |  | 5,415 |
General corporate | 11,373 |  |  | 6,719 |  |  | 5,416 |
| $ | 68,947 |  |  | $ | 57,564 |  |  | $ | 56,722 |
Capital expenditures (including capitalized software): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Office furniture | $ | 65,944 |  |  | $ | 64,850 |  |  | $ | 62,696 |
Hearth products | 11,217 |  |  | 11,078 |  |  | 6,342 |
General corporate | 42,423 |  |  | 39,038 |  |  | 43,675 |
| $ | 119,584 |  |  | $ | 114,966 |  |  | $ | 112,713 |
Identifiable assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Office furniture | $ | 749,145 |  |  | $ | 739,915 |  |  | $ | 724,293 |
Hearth products | 340,494 |  |  | 341,813 |  |  | 341,315 |
General corporate | 240,595 |  |  | 182,197 |  |  | 173,726 |
| $ | 1,330,234 |  |  | $ | 1,263,925 |  |  | $ | 1,239,334 |

(a) | Included in operating profit for the office furniture segment are pretax charges of $10.9 million, $11.6 million and $38.2 million, for closing of facilities and impairment charges in 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

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(b) | Included in operating profit for the hearth products segment are pretax charges of $5.5 million for closing a facility in 2016 and $0.9 million related to exiting a line of business in 2015.

The Corporation's net sales by product category were as follows for the years ended 2016, 2015 and 2014:

(in thousands) | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
Systems and storage |  | $904,748 |  |  |  | $1,140,369 |  |  |  | $1,156,170 |
Seating | 707,609 |  |  | 561,392 |  |  | 498,389 |
Other | 91,528 |  |  | 76,043 |  |  | 84,490 |
Hearth products | 499,604 |  |  | 526,615 |  |  | 483,646 |
|  | $2,203,489 |  |  |  | $2,304,419 |  |  |  | $2,222,695 |

Note 20. Subsequent Events
On February 6, 2017, the Corporation announced the closure of its Colville, Washington hearth manufacturing facility as part of its continued efficiency and simplification activities to deliver consistent, flawless execution to customers and to reduce structural costs. The Corporation estimates the consolidation will save $2.8 million annually beginning in Q4 2017. The Corporation estimates pre-tax charges of $6.7 million related to the closure and consolidation.
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Summary of Quarterly Results of Operations (Unaudited)
The following table presents certain unaudited quarterly financial information for each of the past 8 quarters. In the opinion of the Corporation’s management, this information has been prepared on the same basis as the consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this report and includes all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring accruals) necessary to state fairly the financial results set forth herein. Results of operations for any previous quarter are not necessarily indicative of results for any future period.

Year-End 2016: (In thousands, except per share data) | First Quarter |  | Second Quarter |  | Third Quarter |  | Fourth Quarter
Net sales | $ | 501,037 |  |  | $ | 536,538 |  |  | $ | 584,629 |  |  | $ | 581,285 |
Cost of products sold | 315,326 |  |  | 327,618 |  |  | 363,075 |  |  | 362,457 |
Gross profit | 185,711 |  |  | 208,920 |  |  | 221,554 |  |  | 218,828 |
Selling and administrative expenses | 165,106 |  |  | 162,320 |  |  | 169,535 |  |  | 170,783 |
(Gain) loss on sale of assets | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | (40 | ) |  | 22,613 |
Restructuring and impairment charges | 1,086 |  |  | 572 |  |  | 399 |  |  | 8,948 |
Operating income (loss) | 19,519 |  |  | 46,029 |  |  | 51,660 |  |  | 16,484 |
Interest income (expense) – net | (1,796 | ) |  | (1,068 | ) |  | (1,011 | ) |  | (906 | )
Income (loss) before income taxes | 17,723 |  |  | 44,961 |  |  | 50,649 |  |  | 15,578 |
Income taxes | 5,881 |  |  | 15,934 |  |  | 16,837 |  |  | 4,621 |
Net income (loss) | 11,842 |  |  | 29,027 |  |  | 33,812 |  |  | 10,957 |
Less: net income attributable to the non-controlling interest | (1 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | 65 |
Net income (loss) attributable to HNI Corporation | $ | 11,843 |  |  | $ | 29,029 |  |  | $ | 33,813 |  |  | $ | 10,892 |
Net income (loss) attributable to HNI Corporation per common share – basic |  | $0.27 |  |  |  | $0.65 |  |  |  | $0.76 |  |  |  | $0.25 |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding – basic | 44,258 |  |  | 44,431 |  |  | 44,547 |  |  | 44,419 |
Net income (loss) attributable to HNI Corporation per common share – diluted |  | $0.26 |  |  |  | $0.64 |  |  |  | $0.74 |  |  |  | $0.24 |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding – diluted | 45,040 |  |  | 45,632 |  |  | 45,845 |  |  | 45,588 |
As a Percentage of Net Sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net sales | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | %
Gross profit | 37.1 |  |  | 38.9 |  |  | 37.9 |  |  | 37.6 |
Selling and administrative expenses | 33.0 |  |  | 30.3 |  |  | 29.0 |  |  | 29.4 |
(Gain) loss on sale of assets | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3.9 |
Restructuring and impairment charges | 0.2 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 1.5 |
Operating income (loss) | 3.9 |  |  | 8.6 |  |  | 8.8 |  |  | 2.8 |
Income taxes | 1.2 |  |  | 3.0 |  |  | 2.9 |  |  | 0.8 |
Net income (loss) attributable to HNI Corporation | 2.4 |  |  | 5.4 |  |  | 5.8 |  |  | 1.9 |

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Year-End 2015: (In thousands, except per share data) | First Quarter |  | Second Quarter |  | Third Quarter |  | Fourth Quarter
Net sales | $ | 523,477 |  |  | $ | 568,226 |  |  | $ | 615,850 |  |  | $ | 596,866 |
Cost of products sold | 338,977 |  |  | 362,102 |  |  | 384,219 |  |  | 371,723 |
Gross profit | 184,500 |  |  | 206,124 |  |  | 231,631 |  |  | 225,143 |
Selling and administrative expenses | 168,704 |  |  | 167,278 |  |  | 170,371 |  |  | 165,772 |
(Gain) on sale of assets | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (195 | )
Restructuring and impairment charges (income) | 377 |  |  | (560 | ) |  | 172 |  |  | 11,803 |
Operating income (loss) | 15,419 |  |  | 39,406 |  |  | 61,088 |  |  | 47,763 |
Interest income (expense) – net | (1,899 | ) |  | (1,849 | ) |  | (1,623 | ) |  | (1,135 | )
Income (loss) before income taxes | 13,520 |  |  | 37,557 |  |  | 59,465 |  |  | 46,628 |
Income taxes | 5,068 |  |  | 13,680 |  |  | 18,619 |  |  | 14,397 |
Net income (loss) | 8,452 |  |  | 23,877 |  |  | 40,846 |  |  | 32,231 |
Less: net income attributable to the non-controlling interest | (26 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  | — |
Net income (loss) attributable to HNI Corporation | $ | 8,478 |  |  | $ | 23,879 |  |  | $ | 40,848 |  |  | $ | 32,231 |
Net income (loss) attributable to HNI Corporation per common share – basic | $ | 0.19 |  |  | $ | 0.54 |  |  | $ | 0.92 |  |  | $ | 0.73 |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding – basic | 44,304 |  |  | 44,416 |  |  | 44,263 |  |  | 44,158 |
Net income (loss) attributable to HNI Corporation per common share – diluted | $ | 0.19 |  |  | $ | 0.52 |  |  | $ | 0.90 |  |  | $ | 0.71 |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding – diluted | 45,524 |  |  | 45,621 |  |  | 45,403 |  |  | 45,199 |
As a Percentage of Net Sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net sales | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | %
Gross profit | 35.2 |  |  | 36.3 |  |  | 37.6 |  |  | 37.7 |
Selling and administrative expenses | 32.2 |  |  | 29.4 |  |  | 27.7 |  |  | 27.8 |
(Gain) on sale of assets | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Restructuring and impairment charges | 0.1 |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  | — |  |  | 2.0 |
Operating income (loss) | 2.9 |  |  | 6.9 |  |  | 9.9 |  |  | 8.0 |
Income taxes | 1.0 |  |  | 2.4 |  |  | 3.0 |  |  | 2.4 |
Net income (loss) attributable to HNI Corporation | 1.6 |  |  | 4.2 |  |  | 6.6 |  |  | 5.4 |

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INVESTOR INFORMATION
Common Stock Market Prices and Dividends (Unaudited)
Quarterly 2016 – 2014

2016 by Quarter | High |  |  | Low |  |  | Dividends per Share |
1 st |  | $39.59 |  |  |  | $29.84 |  |  |  | $0.265 |
2 nd | 48.50 |  |  | 38.30 |  |  | 0.275 |
3 rd | 56.96 |  |  | 39.30 |  |  | 0.275 |
4 th | 56.91 |  |  | 37.24 |  |  | 0.275 |
Total Dividends Paid |  |  | $1.090 |
2015 by Quarter | High |  |  | Low |  |  | Dividends per Share |
1 st |  | $56.47 |  |  |  | $38.01 |  |  |  | $0.250 |
2 nd | 57.74 |  |  | 46.19 |  |  | 0.265 |
3 rd | 52.52 |  |  | 41.29 |  |  | 0.265 |
4 th | 47.68 |  |  | 35.53 |  |  | 0.265 |
Total Dividends Paid |  |  | $1.045 |
2014 by Quarter | High |  |  | Low |  |  | Dividends per Share |
1 st |  | $39.42 |  |  |  | $31.00 |  |  |  | $0.240 |
2 nd | 39.29 |  |  | 31.61 |  |  | 0.250 |
3 rd | 40.43 |  |  | 34.62 |  |  | 0.250 |
4 th | 52.90 |  |  | 34.75 |  |  | 0.250 |
Total Dividends Paid |  |  | $0.990 |

Common Stock Market Price and Price/Earnings Ratio (Unaudited)
Fiscal Years 2016 – 2012

| Market Price | Diluted Earnings per Share | Price/Earnings Ratio
Year | High |  | Low |  | High |  | Low |
2016 |  | $56.96 |  |  | $29.84 |  |  | $1.88 |  | 30 |  | 16 |
2015 | 57.74 |  | 35.53 |  | 2.32 |  | 25 |  | 15 |
2014 | 52.90 |  | 31.00 |  | 1.35 |  | 39 |  | 23 |
2013 | 40.73 |  | 28.28 |  | 1.39 |  | 29 |  | 20 |
2012 | 32.02 |  | 21.57 |  | 1.07 |  | 30 |  | 20 |
Five-Year Average |  |  |  | 31 |  | 19 |

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ITEM 15(c) - INDEX OF EXHIBITS

Exhibit Number | Description of Document
(3.1 | ) |  | Articles of Incorporation of HNI Corporation, as amended, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 2, 2010
(3.2 | ) |  | Amended and restated By-laws of HNI Corporation, as amended, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 9, 2016
(10.1 | ) |  | HNI Corporation 2007 Stock-Based Compensation Plan, as amended (incorporated by reference to Appendix A to the Corporation's Definitive Proxy Statement filed with the SEC March 23, 2015)*
(10.2 | ) |  | 2007 Equity Plan for Non-Employee Directors of HNI Corporation, as amended (incorporated by reference to Appendix D to the Corporation’s Definitive Proxy Statement filed with the SEC March 23, 2015)*
(10.3 | ) |  | Form of HNI Corporation Change In Control Employment Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 16, 2006*
(10.4 | ) |  | Form of HNI Corporation Amendment No. 1 to Change in Control Employment Agreement incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed August 10, 2007*
(10.5 | ) |  | Form of HNI Corporation Change In Control Employment Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 19, 2017*
(10.6 | ) |  | HNI Corporation Supplemental Income Plan (f/k/a HNI Corporation ERISA Supplemental Retirement Plan), as amended and restated, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 22, 2010*
(10.7 | ) |  | Form of HNI Corporation Amended and Restated Indemnity Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 14, 2007*
(10.8 | ) |  | Form of 2007 Equity Plan For Non-Employee Directors of HNI Corporation Participation Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.26 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 2, 2010*
(10.9 | ) |  | Form of HNI Corporation 2007 Stock-Based Compensation Plan Stock Option Award Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended July 4, 2009*
(10.10 | ) |  | Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, including all schedules and exhibits, dated as of June 9, 2015, by and among HNI Corporation, as Borrower, certain domestic subsidiaries of HNI Corporation, as Guarantors, certain lenders party thereto and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 12, 2015
(10.11 | ) |  | First Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of January 6, 2016, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 11, 2016
(10.12 | ) |  | HNI Corporation Long-Term Performance Plan, as amended (incorporated by reference to Appendix C to the Corporation’s Definitive Proxy Statement filed with the SEC March 23, 2015)*
(10.13 | ) |  | HNI Corporation Executive Deferred Compensation Plan, as amended, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended July 4, 2015*
(10.14 | ) |  | HNI Corporation Directors Deferred Compensation Plan, as amended, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended July 4, 2015*
(10.15 | ) |  | HNI Corporation Stock-Based Compensation Plan, as amended, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2006*
(10.16 | ) |  | Form of HNI Corporation 2007 Stock-Based Compensation Plan Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended April 4, 2009 (for restricted stock unit awards granted in 2009)*

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Exhibit Number | Description of Document
(10.17 | ) |  | HNI Corporation Stock-Based Compensation Plan, as amended, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2006*
(10.18 | ) |  | Form of Exercise of Stock Option granted under the HNI Corporation Stock-Based Compensation Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 27, 2008*
(10.19 | ) |  | Form of HNI Corporation Stock-Based Compensation Plan Stock Option Award Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99D to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 22, 2005*
(10.20 | ) |  | Form of HNI Corporation 2007 Stock-Based Compensation Plan Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended April 3, 2010 (for restricted stock unit awards granted in 2010)*
(10.21 | ) |  | Form of HNI Corporation Executive Deferred Compensation Plan Deferral Election Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.25 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 2, 2010*
(10.22 | ) |  | Form of HNI Corporation Directors Deferred Compensation Plan Deferral Election Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 2, 2010*
(21 | ) |  | Subsidiaries of the Registrant+
(23.1 | ) |  | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm+ (KPMG)
(23.2 | ) |  | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm+ (PwC)
(31.1 | ) |  | Certification of CEO pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002+
(31.2 | ) |  | Certification of CFO pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002+
(32.1 | ) |  | Certification of CEO and CFO Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002+
101 |  |  | The following materials from HNI Corporation's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016 formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language) and furnished electronically herewith: (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets; (ii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income; (iii) Consolidated Statements of Equity; (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; and (v) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

* | Indicates management contract or compensatory plan.

+ | Filed herewith.

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