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Goodwill and Intangible Assets | 12 Months Ended
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Apr. 30, 2018
Goodwill and Intangible Assets [Abstract] |
Goodwill and Intangible Assets | Note 10 – Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill The following table summarizes the activity in goodwill by segment as of April 30:
|  | 2017 |  |  | Foreign Translation Adjustment |  |  | 2018 |
Research |  | $ | 437,928 |  |  | $ | 25,491 |  |  | $ | 463,419 |
Publishing |  |  | 283,192 |  |  |  | 12,209 |  |  |  | 295,401 |
Solutions |  |  | 260,981 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 260,981 |
Total |  | $ | 982,101 |  |  | $ | 37,700 |  |  | $ | 1,019,801 |
We review goodwill for impairment on a reporting unit basis annually during the third quarter of each year, using a measurement date of January 31, and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of goodwill may not be recoverable. While we are permitted to conduct a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is necessary to perform a two-step quantitative goodwill impairment test, for our annual goodwill impairment test in the third quarter of 2018, 2017, and 2016, we performed a quantitative test for all of our reporting units. The goodwill impairment test involves a two-step process. In step one, we compare the fair value of each of our reporting units to its carrying value, including the goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, there is no indication of impairment and no further testing is required. If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying value, we must perform step two of the impairment test to measure the amount of impairment loss, if any. In step two, the reporting unit's fair value is allocated to all of the assets and liabilities of the reporting unit, including any unrecognized intangible assets, in a hypothetical analysis that calculates the implied fair value of goodwill in the same manner as if the reporting unit was being acquired in a business combination. If the implied fair value of the reporting unit's goodwill is less than the carrying value, the difference is recorded as an impairment loss. 2018 Annual Impairment Test as of January 31, 2018 During the third quarter of 2018, we completed step one of our annual goodwill impairment test for our reporting units. We concluded that the fair values of these reporting units were above their carrying values and, therefore, there was no indication of impairment. We estimated the fair value of these reporting units using a weighting of fair values derived from an income and a market approach. Under the income approach, we determined the fair value of a reporting unit based on the present value of estimated future cash flows. Cash flow projections are based on management's estimates of revenue growth rates and operating margins, taking into consideration industry and market conditions. The discount rate used is based on a weighted average cost of capital adjusted for the relevant risk associated with the characteristics of the business and the projected cash flows. The market approach estimates fair value based on market multiples of current and forward 12-month operating performance results, as applicable, derived from comparable publicly traded companies with similar operating and investment characteristics as the reporting unit. As noted above, the fair value determined under step one of the goodwill impairment test completed in the third quarter of 2018 exceeded the carrying value for each reporting unit. Therefore, there was no impairment of goodwill. However, if the fair value decreases in future periods, we may fail step one of the goodwill impairment test and be required to perform step two. In performing step two, the fair value would have to be allocated to all of the assets and liabilities of the reporting unit. Therefore, any potential goodwill impairment charge would be dependent upon the estimated fair value of the reporting unit at that time and the outcome of step two of the impairment test. The fair values of the assets and liabilities of the reporting unit, including the intangible assets, could vary depending on various factors. The future occurrence of a potential indicator of impairment, such as a decrease in expected net earnings, adverse equity market conditions, a decline in current market multiples, a decline in our common stock price, a significant adverse change in legal factors or business climates, an adverse action or assessment by a regulator, unanticipated competition, strategic decisions made in response to economic or competitive conditions, or a more-likely-than-not expectation that a reporting unit or a significant portion of a reporting unit will be sold or disposed of, could require an interim assessment for some or all of the reporting units before the next required annual assessment. In the event of significant adverse changes of the nature described above, we might have to recognize a non-cash impairment of goodwill, which could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition. We also review our indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually, which consists of brands and trademarks and certain acquired publishing rights. During the third quarter of 2018, we completed our annual impairment test related to the indefinite lived intangible assets. We concluded that the fair values of these indefinite-lived intangible assets were above their carrying values and, therefore, there was no indication of impairment. Change in Annual Impairment Assessment Date During the fourth quarter of 2018, we voluntarily changed our annual impairment assessment date from January 31 to February 1 for all of our reporting units and our indefinite-lived intangible assets. This change was made to improve alignment of impairment testing procedures with year-end financial reporting, our annual business planning and budgeting process and the multi-year strategic forecast, which begins in the fourth quarter of each year. As a result, the goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment testing will reflect the result of inputs from each of the businesses in the development of the budget and forecast process, including the impact of seasonality of our financial results. Accordingly, management considers this accounting change preferable. This change does not accelerate, delay, avoid, or cause an impairment charge, nor does this change result in adjustments to previously issued financial statements. In connection with the change in the date of the annual goodwill impairment test, we completed a qualitative assessment of the goodwill by reporting unit as of February 1, 2018, and concluded that it was more likely than not that the fair value of each of the reporting units exceeded its carrying amount. In addition, we also completed a qualitative assessment of our indefinite-lived intangible assets as of February 1, 2018, and concluded that it was more likely than not that the fair value of each of the indefinite-lived intangible assets exceeded its carrying amount. Intangibles Intangible assets as of April 30 were as follows:
|  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
|  | Cost |  |  | Accumulated Amortization |  |  | Accumulated Impairment |  |  | Net |  |  | Cost |  |  | Accumulated Amortization |  |  | Net |
Intangible Assets with Determinable Lives |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Content and Publishing Rights |  | $ | 824,146 |  |  | $ | (387,386 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 436,760 |  |  | $ | 775,520 |  |  | $ | (353,923 | ) |  | $ | 421,597 |
Customer Relationships |  |  | 212,020 |  |  |  | (50,291 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 161,729 |  |  |  | 233,872 |  |  |  | (64,756 | ) |  |  | 169,116 |
Brands and Trademarks |  |  | 32,111 |  |  |  | (16,011 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 16,100 |  |  |  | 35,554 |  |  |  | (18,359 | ) |  |  | 17,195 |
Covenants not to Compete |  |  | 1,499 |  |  |  | (844 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 655 |  |  |  | 2,377 |  |  |  | (1,420 | ) |  |  | 957 |
|  |  | 1,069,776 |  |  |  | (454,532 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 615,244 |  |  |  | 1,047,323 |  |  |  | (438,458 | ) |  |  | 608,865 |
Intangible Assets with Indefinite Lives |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Brands and Trademarks |  |  | 142,189 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3,600 | ) |  |  | 138,589 |  |  |  | 135,061 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 135,061 |
Content and Publishing Rights |  |  | 94,238 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 94,238 |  |  |  | 84,173 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 84,173 |
|  | $ | 1,306,203 |  |  | $ | (454,532 | ) |  | $ | (3,600 | ) |  | $ | 848,071 |  |  | $ | 1,266,557 |  |  | $ | (438,458 | ) |  | $ | 828,099 |
Based on the current amount of intangible assets subject to amortization and assuming current foreign exchange rates, the estimated amortization expense for each of the succeeding five fiscal years are as follows: 2019 – $48.2 million, 2020 – $43.6 million, 2021 – $41.4 million, 2022 – $36.4 million, and 2023 – $32.7 million. In conjunction with a business review performed in the Publishing segment associated with the restructuring activities in the first quarter of fiscal year 2018, we identified an indefinite-lived brand with forecasted cash flows that did not exceed its carrying value. As a result, an impairment charge of $3.6 million was recorded in the first quarter of fiscal year 2018 to reduce the carrying value of the brand to its fair value of $1.2 million, which will now be amortized over an estimated useful life of 5 years. This impairment charge was included in Operating and Administrative Expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the aggregate amount of goodwill and a description of intangible assets, which may include (a) for amortizable intangible assets (also referred to as finite-lived intangible assets), the carrying amount, the amount of any significant residual value, and the weighted-average amortization period, (b) for intangible assets not subject to amortization (also referred to as indefinite-lived intangible assets), the carrying amount, and (c) the amount of research and development assets acquired and written off in the period, including the line item in the income statement in which the amounts written off are aggregated, if not readily apparent from the income statement. Also discloses (a) for amortizable intangibles assets in total and by major class, the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization, the total amortization expense for the period, and the estimated aggregate amortization expense for each of the five succeeding fiscal years, (b) for intangible assets not subject to amortization the carrying amount in total and by major class, and (c) for goodwill, in total and for each reportable segment, the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill during the period (including the aggregate amount of goodwill acquired, the aggregate amount of impairment losses recognized, and the amount of goodwill included in the gain (loss) on disposal of a reporting unit). If any part of goodwill has not been allocated to a reportable segment, discloses the unallocated amount and the reasons for not allocating. For each impairment loss recognized related to an intangible asset (excluding goodwill), discloses: (a) a description of the impaired intangible asset and the facts and circumstances leading to the impairment, (b) the amount of the impairment loss and the method for determining fair value, (c) the caption in the income statement or the statement of activities in which the impairment loss is aggregated, and (d) the segment in which the impaired intangible asset is reported. For each goodwill impairment loss recognized, discloses: (a) a description of the facts and circumstances leading to the impairment, (b) the amount of the impairment loss and the method of determining the fair value of the associated reporting unit, and (c) if a recognized impairment loss is an estimate not finalized and the reasons why the estimate is not final. May also disclose the nature and amount of any significant adjustments made to a previous estimate of an impairment loss. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 350 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2144416 + Details
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