7.	Restructuring Charges

Beginning in fiscal year 2013, the Company initiated a program (the “Restructuring and Reinvestment Program”) to restructure and realign its cost base with current and anticipated future market conditions. The Company is targeting most of the cost savings achieved to improve margins and earnings, with the remainder reinvested in growth opportunities.

The following tables summarize the pre-tax restructuring charges (credits) related to this program:

	Three Months Ended January 31,					Nine Months Ended January 31,					Cumulative Program Charges to Date
	2018			2017		2018			2017
Charges (Credits) by Segment:
Research	$	690		$	517	$	5,138		$	677	$	25,294
Publishing		(392	)		1,027		6,933			1,596		39,422
Solutions		1,277			1,095		3,447			1,619		5,998
Shared Services		633			6,479		11,013			11,153		93,761
Total	$	2,208		$	9,118	$	26,531		$	15,045	$	164,475

Charges (Credits) by Activity:
Severance	$	1,781		$	3,420	$	25,047		$	7,999	$	112,637
Process Reengineering Consulting		427			10		1,948			16		20,762
Other Activities		-			5,688		(464	)		7,030		31,076
Total	$	2,208		$	9,118	$	26,531		$	15,045	$	164,475

Other Activities reflects leased facility consolidations, contract termination costs and the curtailment of certain defined benefit pension plans. The credits in Other Activities for the nine months ended January 31, 2018 mainly reflect changes in estimates for previously accrued restructuring charges related to facility lease reserves.

The following table summarizes the activity for the Restructuring and Reinvestment Program liability for the nine months ended January 31, 2018:

	April 30, 2017		Charges			Payments			Foreign Translation & Reclassifications			January 31, 2018
Severance	$	10,082	$	25,047		$	(17,435	)	$	732		$	18,426
Process Reengineering Consulting		-		1,948			(1,749	)		-			199
Other Activities		12,708		(464	)		(7,161	)		(1,876	)		3,207
Total	$	22,790	$	26,531		$	(26,345	)	$	(1,144	)	$	21,832

The restructuring liability as of January 31, 2018 for accrued Severance costs is reflected in Accrued Employment Costs in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. The liability as of January 31, 2018, for Process Reengineering Consulting costs is reflected in Other Accrued Liabilities. As of January 31, 2018, approximately $1.0 million and $2.2 million of the Other Activities are reflected in Other Accrued Liabilities and Other Long-Term Liabilities, respectively.