Note 7 — Restructuring and Related Charges

Beginning in fiscal year 2013, we initiated a program (the "Restructuring and Reinvestment Program") to restructure and realign our cost base with current and anticipated future market conditions. We are targeting most of the cost savings achieved to improve margins and earnings, with the remainder reinvested in growth opportunities.

The following tables summarize the pre-tax restructuring (credits) charges related to this program:

	Three Months Ended July 31,						Total Charges
	2018			2017			Incurred to Date
(Credits) Charges by Segment:
Research	$	(980	)	$	4,836		$	24,433
Publishing		(668	)		7,254			38,263
Solutions		(257	)		2,795			5,990
Corporate Expenses		(4,181	)		10,844			91,738
Total Restructuring and Related (Credits) Charges	$	(6,086	)	$	25,729		$	160,424

(Credits) Charges by Activity:
Severance	$	(5,778	)	$	24,721		$	109,025
Process Reengineering Consulting		135			1,521			20,764
Other Activities		(443	)		(513	)		30,635
Total Restructuring and Related (Credits) Charges	$	(6,086	)	$	25,729		$	160,424

The credits in Severance activities for the first quarter of 2019 primarily reflect changes in the number of headcount reductions and estimates for previously accrued benefit costs. Other Activities in the first quarter of fiscal year 2019 and 2018 include leased facility consolidations and contract termination costs, the first quarter of fiscal year 2018 also includes charges related to the curtailment of certain defined benefit pension plans.

The following table summarizes the activity for the Restructuring and Reinvestment Program liability for the three months ended July 31, 2018:

	April 30, 2018		(Credits) Charges			Payments			Foreign Translation & Reclassifications			July 31, 2018
Severance	$	17,279	$	(5,778	)	$	(4,928	)	$	(278	)	$	6,295
Process Reengineering Consulting		—		135			(41	)		—			94
Other Activities		2,772		(443	)		(549	)		532			2,312
Total	$	20,051	$	(6,086	)	$	(5,518	)	$	254		$	8,701

The restructuring liability as of July 31, 2018 for accrued severance costs is reflected in Accrued Employment Costs in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. The liability as of July 31, 2018, for Process Reengineering Consulting costs is reflected in Other Accrued Liabilities. As of July 31, 2018, approximately $1.0 million and $1.3 million of the Other Activities are reflected in Other Accrued Liabilities and Other Long-Term Liabilities, respectively.

The amount included in Other Long-Term Liabilities that relates to Other Activities is expected to be paid starting in 2020 until 2022.