Note 7 — Restructuring and Related Charges

Beginning in fiscal year 2013, we initiated a program (the “Restructuring and Reinvestment Program”) to restructure and realign our cost base with current and anticipated future market conditions. We are targeting most of the cost savings achieved to improve margins and earnings, with the remainder reinvested in growth opportunities.

The following tables summarize the pre-tax restructuring charges (credits) related to this program:

	Three Months Ended October 31,					Six Months Ended October 31,					Total Charges
	2018		2017			2018		2017			Incurred to Date
Charges (Credits) by Segment:
Research	$	2,282	$	(388	)	$	1,302	$	4,448		$	26,715
Publishing		1,407		71			739		7,325			39,670
Solutions		1,097		(625	)		840		2,170			7,087
Corporate Expenses		5,210		(464	)		1,029		10,380			96,948
Total Restructuring and Related Charges (Credits)	$	9,996	$	(1,406	)	$	3,910	$	24,323		$	170,420

Charges (Credits) by Activity:
Severance	$	8,672	$	(1,455	)	$	2,894	$	23,266		$	117,697
Process Reengineering Consulting		90		—			225		1,521			20,854
Other Activities		1,234		49			791		(464	)		31,869
Total Restructuring and Related Charges (Credits)	$	9,996	$	(1,406	)	$	3,910	$	24,323		$	170,420

Other Activities for the three and six months ended October 31, 2018 and 2017 include lease impairment related costs. The credits in Other Activities for the six months ended October 31, 2017 mainly reflect changes in estimates for previously accrued restructuring charges related to facility lease reserves.

The following table summarizes the activity for the Restructuring and Reinvestment Program liability for the six months ended October 31, 2018:

	April 30, 2018		Charges		Payments			Foreign Translation & Reclassifications			October 31, 2018
Severance	$	17,279	$	2,894	$	(8,295	)	$	(446	)	$	11,432
Process Reengineering Consulting		—		225		(175	)		—			50
Other Activities		2,772		791		(825	)		210			2,948
Total	$	20,051	$	3,910	$	(9,295	)	$	(236	)	$	14,430

The restructuring liability as of October 31, 2018 for accrued severance costs is reflected in Accrued Employment Costs in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. The liability as of October 31, 2018, for Process Reengineering Consulting costs is reflected in Other Accrued Liabilities. As of October 31, 2018, approximately $1.2 million and $1.7 million of the Other Activities are reflected in Other Accrued Liabilities and Other Long-Term Liabilities, respectively, and mainly relate to facility relocation and lease impairment related costs. We currently do not anticipate any further material charges related to the Restructuring and Reinvestment Program.

The amount included in Other Long-Term Liabilities that relates to Other Activities is expected to be paid starting in 2020 until 2022.